AU2010224325B2 - Temporary edge protection for scaffolding - Google Patents
Temporary edge protection for scaffolding Download PDFInfo
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- AU2010224325B2 AU2010224325B2 AU2010224325A AU2010224325A AU2010224325B2 AU 2010224325 B2 AU2010224325 B2 AU 2010224325B2 AU 2010224325 A AU2010224325 A AU 2010224325A AU 2010224325 A AU2010224325 A AU 2010224325A AU 2010224325 B2 AU2010224325 B2 AU 2010224325B2
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Abstract
A temporary edge protection apparatus (1) for scaffolding (2), including an upper transverse support element (20), a mid-level transverse support element (21), a pair of spaced apart generally upright support elements (25) connecting the upper and mid-level 5 transverse support elements to form an edge protection frame (30). At least one lower engagement mechanism (33) connects the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a first position and at least one upper engagement mechanism (36) connects the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a second position above the first. In use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse 10 support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffold, such that permanent guard rail ledgers for the scaffold can be secured with the edge protection frame in place. Fig. I
Description
TEMPORARY EDGE PROTECTION FOR SCAFFOLDING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to scaffolding and more particularly to a method, apparatus and system for providing temporary edge protection when erecting, altering or dismantling scaffolding.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The following discussion of the prior art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention and to enable the advantages of it to be more fully understood. It should be appreciated, however, that any reference to prior art throughout the specification should not be construed as an express or implied admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Scaffolding is temporary framing typically used to support people and materials during the construction or repair of buildings or other large structures. It is usually modular, based on a combination of elongate tubes or rods and associated connecting elements. Most modem scaffolding is assembled from a combination of tubular metal framing elements - usually formed from steel or aluminium - in predetermined lengths and incorporating complementary end fittings. Decking boards, typically formed from timber or metal (steel or aluminium), are positioned to extend horizontally between the framing elements, to provide a working surface, platform or “decking” for users of the scaffold.
The primary framing elements of a typical scaffold include "standards", "ledgers", "transoms" and "cross braces". Standards are the upright or vertical elements that transfer the mass of the structure to the ground, a base or some other suitable support. Ledgers are horizontal members connected to extend between the standards. Transoms extend horizontally between the ledgers, to provide support for the decking boards. Cross braces are typically positioned to extend diagonally from standard to standard, to increase the rigidity of the scaffold structure. Various types of complementary special purpose end fittings or "couplers" are typically used to releasably connect the various framing and decking elements together.
For a general-purpose scaffold, the modular elements are usually assembled to form a contiguous matrix of rectangular prismatic "bays". The dimensions of these bays can vary according to the intended application and design loading. However, for typical applications, the bay length is usually around 2.4 m. The bay width is determined by the intended use of the scaffold, which affects the number and width of the associated decking boards. The minimum acceptable width is usually 440 mm. Platform widths typically extend beyond that minimum in discrete multiples of approximately 220 mm, which corresponds to the width of a standard board. Thus, a typical four-board scaffold would be around 880 mm in width, from standard to standard. The height or "lift" of each bay is typically around 2 m, although the base lift can sometimes be larger. Transom spacing is determined by the length and strength of the boards to be supported, but usually ranges from 1.2 m to 3.5 m.
Modular scaffolding can be assembled in a variety of ways according to the intended application, although the spacing and positioning of the main elements tends to be relatively standardised for particular applications according to prevailing safety standards, building and construction codes, manufacturers’ recommendations and established best practice. These factors are well known and understood by those skilled in the art, and so need not be described in further detail.
The basic structural elements and methods of assembly of scaffolding are reasonably well developed. However, scaffolders are nevertheless exposed to significant risks, particularly during the process of erecting, modifying or dismantling a scaffold. Once fully assembled, safety standards dictate that edge protection comprising an upper guard rail and a mid-level guard rail must be installed above each level of decking. These guard rails are formed by positioning ledgers at the appropriate heights. It is also usual in most applications to fit a toe board on the outer face of the scaffold, immediately on top of or level with the working platform or deck. This edge protection minimises the risk of a fall in most situations, once the scaffold has been erected. However, because of the way in which scaffolding is progressively erected level by level, there is a heightened risk of scaffolders falling from the deck or platform on which they are standing before the requisite edge protection has been fully installed, or indeed during the process of installing the edge protection.
In an attempt to reduce these risks, a system aimed at providing temporary protection around the edges of scaffold platforms has previously been proposed. However, this known system is subject to a number of inherent disadvantages and has failed to fully address the problem.
The system of the prior art makes use of a generally V-shaped frame, adapted to hook over the guard rail of the platform on which the scaffolders are working and over the ledger of the platform to be erected above. The top of the V-shaped frame is linked by a tubular cross-member intended to act as a temporary guard rail for the new platform. However, this structure does not provide a temporary mid-rail and consequently, there is a significant risk of a scaffolder falling through the large gap resulting between the temporary guard rail and the associated platform or deck. This system also allows excessive lateral gaps between the downwardly converging sides of the V-shaped frame and the adjacent standards. These lateral gaps increase substantially in width from the level of the temporary guard rail downwardly toward the adjacent deck and again, there is a significant consequential risk of a scaffolder falling through them. A further disadvantage is that the V-shaped frame is designed to hook inside the ledger of the platform to be erected, and outside the ledger below that. Consequently, the frame effectively crosses the plane of the ledgers and must therefore be removed before the permanent edge protection can be secured in position on the scaffold, thereby again exposing the scaffolder to an increased risk of falling. For the same reason, at least one plank or board of the deck would normally need to be omitted for as long as the temporary edge protection frame is in place. This results in a narrower deck and/or gaps in or around the deck and again, a consequently heightened risk of an accident or a fall. For one or more of these reasons, systems of this type does not comply with relevant safety standards or guidelines in many jurisdictions.
Yet another disadvantage is that conventional scaffolding systems often result in a number of "broken bays". These are adjacent bays that do not directly connect to one another, for example because of an intermediate obstacle such as a doorway, or because the scaffolding needs to wrap around a curved wall or a corner. The result is one or more gaps of indeterminate length between standard runs of the scaffold. Moreover, for a variety of reasons including changes in ground level, these broken bays can be misaligned vertically with respect to one another. The known temporary edge protection system described above is not able to bridge potentially misaligned broken bays of indeterminate length and therefore, again, would leave in gaps in the temporary edge protection, through which scaffolders could inadvertently fall. A further limitation of the prior art is that while some temporary edge protection components are known, they are generally specific to particular proprietary scaffold systems and/or are relatively narrow in their applicability. As such, they cannot be readily adapted to the wide variety of scaffold types and configurations, and cannot provide comprehensive edge protection across the wide range of scaffolding situations, that are typically encountered in contemporary building construction environments.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or substantially ameliorate one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art, or at least to provide a useful alternative.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a temporary edge protection system for use with modular scaffolding formed from a matrix of interconnecting scaffold bays, the system including a first edge protection apparatus adapted for use on the front of a scaffold bay and a second edge protection apparatus adapted for use on the end of a scaffold bay, each said edge protection apparatus comprising: an upper transverse support element; a mid-level transverse support element; a pair of generally upright spaced apart support elements connected to the upper and mid-level transverse support elements so as to form an edge protection frame, wherein at least one end of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements is cantilevered from the respective upright support element; a further transverse cross-member extending between the upright support elements to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the apparatus; at least one lower engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffolding at a first position; and at least one upper engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffolding at a second position above the first position; such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffolding; wherein permanent guard rail ledgers for the adjacent decking platform can be secured with the edge protection frame supported by the lower and upper engagement mechanisms in an operative position spaced outwardly from the permanent guard rail ledgers; and wherein each said edge protection apparatus further includes lateral location means adapted in use to prevent substantial lateral displacement of the edge protection frame with respect to the scaffolding.
In some preferred embodiments, the first and second edge protection apparatus take substantially the same form aside from dimensional variations, whereas in other preferred embodiments, the first and second edge protection apparatus are substantially different.
Preferably, the upper and mid-level transverse support elements of the first or the second edge protection apparatus (and optionally the corresponding transverse support elements of both the first and the second edge protection apparatus) are adjustably mounted to the respective generally upright support elements, such that the relative positions of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements are adjustable with respect to the generally upright support elements and such that the effective width of the frame is selectively variable by substitution of upper and mid-level transverse support elements of different lengths.
In one preferred embodiment, the lower engagement mechanism is adapted to connect the edge protection frame to a first ledger of the scaffold, and the upper engagement mechanism is adapted to connect the edge protection frame to a second ledger of the scaffold, positioned above the first ledger. In alternative embodiments, however, it should be appreciated that the engagement mechanism could be adapted for connection to other elements of the scaffold, such as standards, transoms, cross-braces, decking boards or special purpose lugs, clamps, brackets, couplers or the like.
In one embodiment, the generally upright support elements are connected to the upper and lower transverse support elements in generally orthogonal relationship. It should be appreciated, however, that in some embodiments, the generally upright support elements need not be vertical or orthogonally connected to the other support elements. A wide variety of structural elements in various shapes, sizes, configurations and orientations could alternatively be used, as could suitable sub-frame assemblies, provided the essential purpose of maintaining the transverse support elements in a predetermined relative relationship is achieved.
Preferably, each edge protection apparatus includes at least two of said lower engagement mechanisms disposed in transversely spaced apart relationship, and at least two upper engagement mechanisms disposed in transversely spaced apart relationship. The lower and upper engagement mechanisms are preferably adapted, when connected, to position the edge protection frame outwardly of the permanent guard rail ledgers, without the upper transverse support element, the mid-level transverse support element or the upright support elements substantially crossing a vertical plane defined by the permanent guard rail ledgers.
In some embodiments, the lateral location means are effectively integral with one or more of the lower and/or upper engagement mechanisms. In other embodiments, separate or independent lateral location formations are provided.
In certain embodiments, at least one of the upper and lower engagement mechanisms on the first or the second edge protection apparatus includes a hook formation adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to one of the permanent ledgers.
In one embodiment, the at least one lower engagement formation includes a pair spaced apart lower hook formations adapted in use to engage a guard rail ledger of a completed bay on which scaffolders using the apparatus are standing, while the at least one upper engagement formation includes a pair of spaced apart upper hook formations adapted to engage a ledger of a platform to be erected above the completed bay.
Preferably, the frame, the upper engagement formations and the lower engagement formations are disposed such that corresponding primary upper and midlevel guard rail ledgers, transoms and decking planks for the scaffold can be secured in position with the temporary edge protection apparatus in place.
In one embodiment, the frame further includes a lower transverse support element adapted, in use, to extend at a height corresponding approximately to the height of a conventional toe board. In some embodiments, a further transverse cross-member extends between the upright support elements to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the apparatus.
In some embodiments, at least one of the upper and lower engagement mechanisms on the first or the second edge protection apparatus is adapted for releasable engagement with a complementary connecting formation on the modular scaffolding. Preferably, the upper and lower engagement formations are adapted for use with a modular scaffold system selected from the group comprising: “Kwikstage”, “Wedgelock”, “Cuplock” (Imperial or Metric), “Milsystem”, “Shorelock”, “Layher” and “tube & coupler” systems. It should be appreciated, however, that the apparatus can be adapted for use with virtually any standardised or modular scaffold system.
In one embodiment, the transverse support elements, the upright support elements and the engagement mechanisms are formed from metal, and preferably from steel or aluminium. In alternative embodiments, however, it should be appreciated that the various elements may be formed from any suitable material including alternative metal alloys, timber, reinforced composite materials such as fibreglass, carbon fibre or Kevlar, plastics or any suitable combination of such materials. In the case of a predominantly metal frame, the elements are preferably connected together by welding. It will be appreciated, however, that other suitable fastening techniques could be used, including bolting, riveting, clamping, gluing, chemical bonding or mechanical interlocking.
In some embodiments, the transverse and upright support elements and the associated engagement mechanisms are fixedly connected together in predetermined relative relationship. In other embodiments, however, one or more of these elements may be selectively adjustable in position relative to others.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a first temporary edge protection apparatus for a scaffold, the first edge apparatus including: an upper transverse support element; a mid-level transverse support element; at least one generally upright support element connecting the upper and midlevel transverse support elements to form a portable edge protection frame, wherein at least one end of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements is cantilevered from the upright support element a further transverse cross-member connected to the upright support element to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the frame; at least one lower engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a first position; and at least one upper engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a second position above the first position; such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffold.
In this aspect, the first temporary edge protection apparatus is preferably adapted for use in conjunction with a second edge protection apparatus, the first edge protection apparatus being adapted for use on the front of a scaffold bay and the second edge protection apparatus being adapted for use on the end of a scaffold bay.
The first and second temporary edge protection apparatus preferably further include lateral location means adapted in use to prevent substantial lateral displacement of the corresponding edge protection frame with respect to the scaffold. In one embodiment, the lateral location means are effectively integral with one or more of the lower and/or upper engagement mechanisms. In another embodiment, the lateral location means are operable substantially independently of the lower and upper engagement mechanisms.
According to a further aspect, the invention resides in a method for providing temporary edge protection for a scaffold, the method including the steps of: providing a temporary edge protection apparatus or system substantially as previously defined; and connecting the lower and upper engagement mechanisms to the respective first and second positions on the scaffold, such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffold.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like are intended to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a temporary edge protection apparatus, according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a rear elevation view of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a rear elevation view showing a temporary edge protection apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 is a rear elevation view showing a third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a temporary edge protection apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, incorporating an alternative form of engagement formation;
Figure 7 is a rear elevation view of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figure 6;
Figure 8 is a side elevation of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figures 6 and 7;
Figure 9 is an enlarged side elevation showing one of the engagement formations of the apparatus shown in figures 6 to 8;
Figure 10 is a perspective view showing a temporary edge protection apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, incorporating a further alternative form of engagement formation;
Figure 11 is a rear elevation view of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figure 10;
Figure 12 is a side elevation view of the temporary edge protection apparatus shown in figures 10 and 11;
Figure 13 is an enlarged side elevation showing one of the engagement formations of the apparatus shown in figures 10 to 12;
Figure 14 is an underside view of the engagement formation shown in figure 13;
Figure 15 is a perspective view showing a standard or upright element of a conventional modular scaffolding system, from the prior art;
Figure 16 is a perspective view showing a ledger element of a conventional modular scaffolding system, from the prior art;
Figure 17 is a perspective view showing a transom element of a conventional modular scaffolding system, from the prior art;
Figure 18 is a perspective view showing a series of conventional scaffold bays, and a series of temporary edge protection frames according to various embodiments of the invention prior to installation on the scaffolding;
Figure 19 is a perspective view similar to figure 18, showing the temporary edge protection frames installed on the scaffolding;
Figure 20 is a perspective view similar to figure 19, showing a further level of scaffolding being erected, with the temporary edge protection frames in place;
Figure 21 is a perspective view similar to figure 20, showing the temporary edge protection frames raised to the next level;
Figure 22 and is an enlarged perspective view, showing in more detail the upper and lower hook formations of one of the temporary edge protection apparatuses engaged with the respective scaffold ledgers;
Figure 23 is a side elevation view of the scaffold configuration shown in figure 19, with the temporary edge protection frames installed in position;
Figure 24 is a side elevation similar to figure 23, showing the scaffold configuration of figure 20, during erection of the next level;
Figure 25 is a side elevation similar to 24, showing the successive repositioning of the temporary edge protection frames from one level to the next, as the scaffolding is progressively erected level by level;
Figure 26 is an enlarged perspective view showing the top level of a scaffold, with the temporary edge protection frames in place, at the junction between adjoining scaffold bays;
Figure 27 is a perspective view showing a further embodiment of the invention, in which the width of the temporary edge protection frame is adjustable, to bridge gaps of indeterminate width between broken bays which are substantially aligned;
Figure 28 is a perspective view showing one of the transverse support bars adapted for use in the embodiment of figure 27;
Figure 29 is a perspective view showing the apparatus of figures 27 and 28 in use, to bridge the gap between adjacent bays that are broken but substantially aligned;
Figure 30 is a perspective view similar to figure 27, showing yet another embodiment of the invention, in which the width of the temporary edge protection frame is adjustable, to bridge gaps of indeterminate width between broken bays which are substantially misaligned;
Figure 31 is a perspective view of a 90 degree double coupler adapted for use with the embodiment shown in figure 30;
Figure 32 is a perspective view showing one of the transverse support bars adapted for use in the embodiment of figure 30;
Figure 33 is a perspective view showing one of the temporary ledger bars adapted for use in the embodiment of figure 30;
Figure 34 is a perspective view showing the apparatus of figures 30 to 33 in use, to bridge the gap between adjacent bays that are broken, and potentially misaligned;
Figure 35 is a perspective view showing a further embodiment of an edge protection apparatus according to the invention, similar to that shown in figure 27 and adapted for use in a "hop-up" situation;
Figure 36 is a perspective view showing one of the transverse support bars for use in the embodiment of figure 35;
Figure 37 is a perspective view of the embodiment of figure 35, showing a series of the transverse support bars of the type shown in figure 36 secured in an asymmetrical or cantilevered configuration;
Figure 38 is a perspective view showing the embodiment of figures 35 to 37 in position to cover a hop-up gap between adjacent modules of scaffolding;
Figure 39 is a perspective view similar to 38, showing the embodiment of figures 35 to 37 in position to cover a hop-up gap between the scaffold bay end and an adjacent wall section;
Figure 40 is a perspective view showing a further embodiment of the invention, including offset connection spigots;
Figure 41 is a rear perspective view of the embodiment shown in figures 40; and
Figure 42 is a perspective view showing the embodiment of figures 40 and 41, in position on a ladder bay connected directly to a main scaffold.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring firstly to figures 1 to 3, according to a first embodiment, the invention provides a temporary edge protection apparatus 1, for use in the erection, alteration or dismantling of scaffolding. While the apparatus is adaptable to virtually any system of scaffolding, it will be most commonly applicable to prefabricated modular scaffolding 2. Prefabricated modular scaffolding is typically composed of a combination of primary framing elements including standards 5, ledgers 6, transoms 7 and decking boards (see figures 15 to 17). These primary elements are releasably connected together by means of special purpose end-fittings or couplers, which vary between the different proprietary scaffold systems. In the particular scaffold system illustrated, the connection system is known as a "V-pressing” system. It includes a combination of V-shaped apertures 13 formed by lugs 14 on the standards, which are engaged by corresponding wedge-shaped spigots 15 extending downwardly from the ledgers and transoms. These and other conventional scaffold systems are well-known to those skilled in the art, and so need not be described in further detail.
The temporary edge protection apparatus 1 includes an upper transverse support element or bar 20, a mid-level transverse support element or bar 21 and an optional lower transverse support element or bar 22, all of which are generally parallel to one another and in use, are oriented horizontally. These transverse support elements are secured to a pair of spaced apart generally upright support elements 25, so as to form a generally orthogonal, portable edge protection frame 30.
The apparatus further includes a lower engagement mechanism, which in this embodiment takes the form of a pair of spaced apart lower hook formations 33, connected directly to the respective upright support elements 25, and adapted releasably to connect the frame 30 to a first scaffold ledger. Thus, each hook formation 33 has an internal radius corresponding closely to the external diameters of the scaffold ledgers. An upper engagement mechanism similarly takes the form of a pair of spaced apart upper hook formations 36, which are again connected directly to the respective upright support elements 25, and adapted releasably to connect the frame to a second scaffold ledger positioned a predetermined distance above the first. The frame elements and hook formations are positioned relative to one another, such that in use, the upper transverse support element 20 forms a temporary upper guard rail, the mid-level transverse support element 21 forms a temporary mid-level guard rail, and optionally in some embodiments, the lower transverse support element 22 forms a low-level guard rail for an adjacent scaffold decking platform, as described more fully below. A further transverse cross-member 38 extends between the upright support elements to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the frame. The terminal ends of the cross-member 38 respectively support a pair of guide plates 40. These guide plates facilitate initial positioning of the apparatus centrally between the surrounding standards of the associated scaffold bay and also operate in use to prevent the apparatus from sliding along the ledgers if inadvertently knocked from the side.
In preferred embodiments, at least the upper and mid-level transverse support elements 20 and 21 are sized and disposed such that when two or more of the temporary edge protection frames are positioned next to one another on adjoining scaffold bays, the maximum gap, corresponding to the distance “A” between the ends of the corresponding transverse support bars (see figure 26), is less than around 300 mm, and more preferably is less than 220 mm. If required for specific purposes, the frames can be readily configured such that this gap is substantially eliminated.
Second and third embodiments of the invention are shown in figures 4 and 5 respectively, in which similar features are denoted by corresponding reference numerals. These embodiments are essentially the same as the first embodiment of the invention as described above, but are progressively smaller in size, to suit different types and configurations of scaffolding. In particular, smaller frames of this type are well adapted for use on the exposed ends of scaffold bays. A fourth embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 6 to 9. In this embodiment, it will be appreciated that the engagement mechanisms are configured differently. More specifically, in this case, the lower engagement mechanism includes a pair of spaced apart lower connection formations 42, disposed on the terminal ends of a lower cross-bar 43, in place of the lower hook formations 33 of the embodiments previously described. Similarly, the upper engagement mechanism includes a pair of spaced apart upper connection formations 44, disposed on the terminal ends of an upper cross-bar 45, in place of the upper hook formations 36. As best seen in figure 9, each of these connection formations 42 and 44 includes an upwardly extending lug 46 and a downwardly extending lug 47, adapted for releasable engagement with complementary attachment points (not shown) in an alternative modular scaffolding system.
Figures 10 to 14 show a fifth embodiment of the invention, wherein once again, corresponding features denoted by the same reference numerals. This embodiment is similar to that shown in figures 6 to 9, but with different connection formations. In this case, each of the lower and upper connection formations 42 and 44 incorporates a downwardly depending wedge-shaped spigot 48, as best seen in figure 13. Each of these spigots 48 is adapted for engagement with any of the complementary V-shaped apertures 13 formed by be lugs 14 on the standards 5 of a modular scaffolding system of the “V-pressing” type, as shown in figures 15 to 17. The spigots 48 on the connection formations 42 and 44 on this embodiment of the temporary edge protection apparatus are thus essentially the same in shape, configuration and operation as the wedge-shaped spigots 15 on the ledgers, transoms and other modular elements of that system. This embodiment of the invention is particularly with adapted for use at the exposed ends of scaffold bays. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the spigots and framing elements in this embodiment are specifically configured to accommodate the adjacent transom ends, and are also arranged so as not to interfere with the end fittings of the decking boards which engage the transoms.
In addition to the embodiments described and illustrated, however, it should be appreciated that a variety of frame sizes and shapes, and a range of different attachment mechanisms may be used according to the particular type, configuration and application of the scaffolding being used.
Turning now to describe the method of use of the temporary edge protection apparatus in more detail, a first row 50 of scaffold bays is initially erected where required (typically from ground level) in the conventional manner, as best seen in figures 18 and 19. This row would normally include a first fully planked deck 52 formed from conventional decking boards 53 positioned a short distance above ground level, and a second deck 54 approximately 2 m in height above the first. The first row of standards 5 would usually extend marginally above the height of the second deck 54, but not by a sufficient amount to enable permanent guard rail ledgers to be placed at an appropriate height above the upper deck.
At this point, a series of temporary edge protection frames 30, in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention as described in connection with figures 1 to 3, are walked into their pre-placement positions and leaned against the respective scaffold bays (see figure 18). For the exposed ends of the bays (typically at each end of the row) smaller temporary edge protection frames are used. In this illustrative example, these end frames are based on the fifth embodiment of the invention as described above in connection with figures 10 to 14. With all of the necessary frames thus in position, the next stage of assembly can commence.
As best seen in figures 19 and 20, the temporary edge protection frames 30 are then lifted into position, one by one, on the respective scaffold bays. In the operative position, the lower hook formations 33 on each frame engage the corresponding upper guard rail ledger for the lower planked deck 52 (on which the scaffolders would be standing), while the upper hook formations 36 engage the corresponding ledger at the level of the second deck 54. The end frames are mounted differently, using the ν'-pres sings on the standards at the exposed end of the bay and as previously noted, the connection fittings of these frames are configured so as not to interfere with the transoms, the transom connections, or the planking boards. With the temporary protection frames thus in place, it will be appreciated that the upper transverse support bar 20 of each frame forms a temporary upper guard rail 60, and the mid-level transverse support bar 21 forms a temporary mid-level guard rail 61. In some embodiments, such as those shown in figures 6 and 10, the lower transverse support bar 22 forms a temporary lower level guard rail 62 at approximately the same height as a conventional toe board. Each frame is preferably positioned by two scaffolders working together and standing on the scaffold decking below the level being erected. However, the frames are preferably sufficiently lightweight, as to be manoeuvrable and positionable, if required.
With the temporary edge protection frames in place around the second deck 54, the scaffolders can safely access the second deck, to begin positioning the next row of standards, ledgers and transoms for the next level of the scaffold, as best seen in figure 20. Importantly, the permanent upper and mid-level guard rail ledgers for the next level can be positioned while the temporary edge protection frames remain securely in place. Indeed, the temporary edge protection frames should only be removed and repositioned once the permanent or primary guard rail ledgers for that level are in place. This is possible because the apparatus in this preferred embodiment is specifically designed to allow a comfortable spacing for each temporary edge protection frame - and the associated temporary guard rails and upright supports - outwardly of the permanent guard rails, without the temporary edge protection frame crossing the plane of the permanent ledgers. This feature is significant because it ensures that the scaffolders never need to work on a decking level that is not completely surrounded by appropriate edge protection - either permanent or temporary.
It should also be appreciated that for each temporary edge protection frame extending along the front of a scaffold bay, the guide plates 40 supported on the opposite ends of the cross-member 38 extend inwardly, immediately adjacent the surrounding uprights or standards 5, thereby to function as a lateral location mechanism preventing any significant lateral movement of the temporary edge protection frame along the ledgers on which it is supported, as best seen in figure 22. This prevents the frame from sliding sideways, and potentially opening up gaps in the temporary upper or middle guard rails, if the frame is inadvertently knocked or bumped. It also ensures that the maximum design spacing or gap “A” (see figure 26) between the adjacent temporary guard rails 60 and 61 is not inadvertently exceeded. It should also be noted that in other embodiments, the lateral location mechanism takes a variety of different forms. For example, in the embodiment of figures 6 to 9, it will be apparent that the respective lower and upper connection formations 42 and 44 effectively perform this important function. Similarly, in the embodiment of figures 10 to 14, the spigots or pins 48 also inherently function as integral lateral location means, upon engagement with the respective V-pressings.
From the second level, the scaffolders then work to erect the third level of decking, while standing safely on the second level. Once the decking for the third level is in place, and the permanent edge protection for the second level has been securely installed, the scaffolders move the temporary edge frames upwardly from the second level to the third, in substantially the same manner as previously described. This in turn allows the scaffolders to safely access the fully planked third deck, where the temporary edge protection is already in place, and so on for subsequent levels or lifts, as best seen in the sequence of figures from 23 to 25. Disassembly of the scaffolding is essentially the reverse of this procedure.
Figures 27 to 34 show further variations of the invention, adapted for use in connection with "broken bays". As previously indicated, these are adjacent bays that are not directly connected to one another, for example because of an intermediate obstacle such as a doorway, or because the scaffolding needs to wrap around a comer or a curved wall. The result is usually one or more gaps of indeterminate length, between standard runs of the scaffold. The bays on either side of these gaps may be either substantially aligned, or substantially misaligned.
Figures 27 to 29 show an embodiment of the method and apparatus adapted to bridge the gap in the edge protection between broken scaffold bays, in a situation where the bays on either side of the gap are substantially aligned. Again, similar features are denoted by corresponding reference numerals. In this case, the apparatus incorporates a pair of spaced apart upright support elements 25 and a series of four transverse support elements, including an upper transverse support bar 20, a mid-level transverse support bar 21, a lower transverse support bar 45 and a bottom transverse support bar 43. The upright support elements also include respective lower and upper downwardly depending spigot formations 42 and 44, similar to those shown in figures 10 to 14, and likewise adapted for engagement with the V-pressings on the scaffold standards.
These elements perform essentially the same functions as the corresponding elements of the embodiments of the invention previously described. In this case, however, the transverse support elements are adjustably mounted to the upright support elements, to allow the effective width of the frame to be selectively varied to accommodate gaps between the broken scaffold bays of different size. The adjustment mechanism includes a series of sleeves 65 connected in corresponding positions to each of the upright support elements. The internal cross-sectional profiles of the sleeves 65 correspond to the external cross-sectional profiles of the transverse support bars, so that the transverse support bars can slide freely through the respective sleeves. Once all of the elements of the temporary edge protection frame have been appropriately positioned, they are locked in place by tightening grub screws 66 on the sleeves. Further adjustability is achieved by the provision of transverse support bars in sets of different width. In one preferred embodiment, sets of transverse support bars are provided in a range of lengths, increasing in 300 mm increments, which allow the edge protection of bay gaps ranging from 300 mm to several metres to be effectively bridged.
Turning now to describe the method of providing temporary edge protection between adjacent bays that are broken but substantially aligned, the upright support elements 25 are initially mounted to the respective scaffold standards to be bridged, at the first level, using the V-pressings on those standards. Once the uprights are thus in position, the transverse support elements of appropriate length are installed one by one, by sliding these elements through the respective sleeves 65 and tightening the associated grub screws 66.
It will be appreciated that once this process has been completed the temporary edge protection frame will be precisely the correct width for the gap to be bridged. From there, as best seen in figure 29, the apparatus can be raised from the first level to the next, together with the surrounding temporary edge protection frames, as the scaffold is progressively erected in the manner previously described. The decking of the broken bays is bridged using an overlying decking panel 68, in the usual way.
Figures 30 to 34 show a further variation on this form of the apparatus and method, for use in situations where the broken bays to be bridged are misaligned. In this case, as best seen in figure 30, the upright and transverse support elements are essentially the same as those described above and incorporate the same sleeve mechanism to provide selective adjustment for frame width. However, the upright support elements 25 incorporate respective lower and upper hook formations 33 and 36, similar in form and function to those illustrated in figures 1 to 3.
In use, a series of four 90 degree double couplers 70 (see figure 31) are first attached to the scaffold standards to be bridged, at the first level of the scaffold. These couplers 70 are arranged as a lower pair, which are aligned horizontally with one another, and an upper pair, which are similarly aligned horizontally with one another. The vertical spacing between the upper and lower pairs of couplers corresponds to the vertical spacing between the upper and lower hook formations 36 and 33 on the upright support elements 25. With the couplers thus in place, a temporary lower ledger bar 71 (see figure 33) is connected to the lower pair of couplers and a temporary upper ledger bar 72 is connected to the upper pair of couplers. These temporary ledger bars 71 and 72 are again provided in a range of lengths, ideally in 300 mm increments, to allow a wide range of broken bay gap widths to be effectively bridged.
With the temporary ledger bars in position, and secured in place by the respective double couplers, the frame is lifted into position from the first level, as best seen in figure 34, to provide temporary edge protection for the level above, in the manner previously described. From there, the apparatus is simply raised from one level to the next together with the surrounding temporary edge protection frames on the adjacent bays, as the scaffold is progressively erected.
It will be appreciated that in this way, the invention is readily adaptable to provide effective edge protection across broken or “lapped” bays, even in situations where the gap between the broken bays is non-standard and when the adjacent bays are misaligned. This in turn eliminates or substantially reduces a significant safety risk. A further embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 35 to 38. This embodiment is similar to that shown in figure 27. In this case, however, the upper, midlevel, a lower and bottom transverse support bars (20, 21, 45 and 43 respectively) are secured asymmetrically or in a cantilevered configuration (see figure 37) to cover the so-called “hop-up” gap 75 between the main scaffold 50 and an additional scaffold bay 76, which comes off the main scaffold row but is spaced apart from it.
The assembly procedure is essentially the same as that for lapped bays, for example as shown in figure 34. However, end bay upright support components are preferably used. In particular, the respective lower and upper connection formations 42 and 44 take the form of downwardly depending wedge-shaped pins or spigots 48 adapted to drop into the V-pressings of the relevant scaffold standards.
It will be appreciated that this asymmetrical or cantilevered embodiment can also be flexibly adapted for use in a variety of other situations. For example, figure 39 shows this embodiment of the invention in position such that the cantilevered horizontal support bars effectively block the hop-up gap 75 between the bay end of the main scaffold 50 and an adjacent wall section of a building. In this case, detachable hop-up brackets 78 are also provided, to support boards across the gap between the building and the scaffold. The hop-up brackets attach to the main standards that are spaced apart from the wall, but do not require additional standards to support them immediately adjacent the wall. In this example, the hop-up brackets 78 are size to accommodate the width of two boards. In other embodiments, however, these hop-up brackets may be sized to accommodate one, three or more boards.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 40 to 42. This embodiment is somewhat similar to that shown in figures 10 to 14, but in this case, the spigots 48 and the associated transverse support bars are alternately offset. These frames are adapted to be used in situations where there an additional scaffold bay 76 comes off the main row of bays 50, and is connected directly to it (by sharing the same uprights or standards at the points of intersection), as best seen in figure 42. The additional bay may be a ladder bay, a stair bay or a loading bay, for example, and in this situation there is no hop-up gap of the type previously described.
In this arrangement, because of the way in which the standards are effectively shared by the adjoining bays, some of the V-pressings utilised by the spigots 48 in previous embodiments are unavailable. In particular, the handrail and box ledger on the main scaffold do not allow the pins or spigots 48 to line up symmetrically, so the spigots are offset to allow for this. In addition to the offset spigots, for enhanced stability, a U-shaped bracket 80 is provided on the remote end of the lowermost crossbar 43, for engagement with one of the scaffold standards at an intermediate point between the associated V-pressings.
The invention in its various preferred embodiments provides a safe, convenient, efficient, reliable and cost-effective method and apparatus for the installation of temporary edge protection during the erection, modification or dismantling of scaffolding. It allows the permanent edge protection and other structural elements (including the full complement of decking boards) to be completely installed with the temporary edge protection system securely in place, so that scaffolders never need to work from a platform without adequate edge protection. The system is quick to install and use by scaffolders working in pairs. It avoids dangerous gaps or unprotected edges through which scaffolders could fall. It is readily adaptable to a wide variety of
Claims (28)
- CLAIMS :-1. A temporary edge protection system for use with modular scaffolding formed from a matrix of interconnecting scaffold bays, the system including a first edge protection apparatus adapted for use on the front of a scaffold bay and a second edge protection apparatus adapted for use on the end of a scaffold bay, each said edge protection apparatus comprising: an upper transverse support element; a mid-level transverse support element; a pair of generally upright spaced apart support elements connected to the upper and mid-level transverse support elements so as to form an edge protection frame, wherein at least one end of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements is cantilevered from the respective upright support element; a further transverse cross-member extending between the upright support elements to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the apparatus; at least one lower engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffolding at a first position; and at least one upper engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffolding at a second position above the first position; such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffolding; wherein permanent guard rail ledgers for the adjacent decking platform can be secured with the edge protection frame supported by the lower and upper engagement mechanisms in an operative position spaced outwardly from the permanent guard rail ledgers; and wherein each said edge protection apparatus further includes lateral location means adapted in use to prevent substantial lateral displacement of the edge protection frame with respect to the scaffolding.
- 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the upper and mid-level transverse support elements of the first and/or the second edge protection apparatus are adjustably mounted to the respective generally upright support elements, such that the relative positions of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements are adjustable with respect to the generally upright support elements.
- 3. A system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each said edge protection apparatus includes at least two of said lower engagement mechanisms disposed in transversely spaced apart relationship, and at least two of said upper engagement mechanisms disposed in transversely spaced apart relationship, and wherein, the operative position, the upper transverse support element, the mid-level transverse support element and the generally upright support elements are supported in the operative position without substantially crossing a vertical plane defined by the permanent guard rail ledgers.
- 4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the upper and lower engagement mechanisms on the first or the second edge protection apparatus includes a hook formation adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to one of the permanent ledgers.
- 5. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the upper and lower engagement mechanisms on the first or the second edge protection apparatus is adapted for releasable engagement with a complementary connecting formation on the modular scaffolding.
- 6. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second edge protection apparatus take substantially the same form aside from dimensional variations.
- 7. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lower engagement mechanism is adapted to connect the edge protection frame to a first ledger of the scaffold, and the upper engagement mechanism is adapted to connect the edge protection frame to a second ledger of the scaffold, positioned above the first ledger.
- 8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the generally upright support elements are connected to the upper and lower transverse support elements in generally orthogonal relationship.
- 9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lateral location means are effectively integral with one or more of the lower and/or upper engagement mechanisms.
- 10. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lateral location formations are operable substantially independently of the lower and upper engagement mechanisms.
- 11. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one lower engagement formation includes a pair spaced apart lower hook formations adapted in use to engage a guard rail ledger of a completed bay on which scaffolders using the apparatus are standing, while the at least one upper engagement formation includes a pair of spaced apart upper hook formations adapted to engage a ledger of a platform to be erected above the completed bay.
- 12. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame, the upper engagement formations and the lower engagement formations are disposed such that corresponding primary upper and mid-level guard rail ledgers, transoms and decking planks for the scaffold can be secured in position with the temporary edge protection apparatus in place.
- 13. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame further includes a lower transverse support element adapted, in use, to extend at a height corresponding approximately to the height of a conventional toe board.
- 14. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper and lower engagement formations are adapted for use with a modular scaffold system selected from the group comprising: “Kwikstage”, “Wedgelock”, “Cuplock” (Imperial or Metric), “Milsystem”, “Shorelock”, “Layher” and “tube & coupler” systems.
- 15. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transverse support elements, the upright support elements and the engagement mechanisms are formed predominantly from metal.
- 16. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transverse and upright support elements and the associated engagement mechanisms are fixedly connected together in predetermined relative relationship.
- 17. A first temporary edge protection apparatus for a scaffold, the first edge apparatus including: an upper transverse support element; a mid-level transverse support element; at least one generally upright support element connecting the upper and midlevel transverse support elements to form a portable edge protection frame, wherein at least one end of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements is cantilevered from the upright support element; a further transverse cross-member connected to the upright support element to provide additional structural rigidity and to facilitate manual positioning of the frame; at least one lower engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a first position; and at least one upper engagement mechanism adapted releasably to connect the edge protection frame to the scaffold at a second position above the first position; such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffold.
- 18. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to claim 17, adapted for use in conjunction with a second edge protection apparatus, the first edge protection apparatus being adapted for use on the front of a scaffold bay and the second edge protection apparatus being adapted for use on the end of a scaffold bay.
- 19. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to claim 17 or claim 18, further including lateral location means adapted in use to prevent substantial lateral displacement of the edge protection frame with respect to the scaffold.
- 20. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the lateral location means are effectively integral with one or more of the lower and/or upper engagement mechanisms.
- 21. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the lateral location means are operable substantially independently of the lower and upper engagement mechanisms.
- 22. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 21, including a pair of generally upright spaced apart support elements connected to the upper and mid-level transverse support elements.
- 23. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the upper and mid-level transverse support elements are adjustably mounted to the at least one generally upright support element, such that the relative positions of the upper and mid-level transverse support elements are adjustable with respect to the generally upright support elements.
- 24. A first temporary edge protection apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the effective width of the frame is selectively variable by substitution of upper and mid-level transverse support elements of different lengths.
- 25. A method for providing temporary edge protection for a scaffold, the method including the steps of: providing a temporary edge protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, and connecting the lower and upper engagement mechanisms to the respective first and second positions on the scaffold, such that in use, the upper transverse support element defines a temporary upper guard rail and the mid-level transverse support element defines a temporary mid-level guard rail for an adjacent decking platform of the scaffold.
- 26. A temporary edge protection apparatus substantially as described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the drawings.
- 27. A temporary edge protection system substantially as described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the drawings.
- 28. A method for providing temporary edge protection for a scaffold, substantially as described with reference to any one of the embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2010224325A AU2010224325B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Temporary edge protection for scaffolding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2010224325A AU2010224325B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Temporary edge protection for scaffolding |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| AU2010224325A1 AU2010224325A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
| AU2010224325B2 true AU2010224325B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2010224325A Ceased AU2010224325B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Temporary edge protection for scaffolding |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK178217B1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-08-31 | Ulstrupsmeden Aps | safety Railings |
| GB2577863A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-04-15 | Sherwood Samuel | A scaffold barrier |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2137274A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-03 | Eberhard Layher | Safety device for scaffolding |
| EP1262612A2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-04 | Stanford Scaffolding Limited | Temporary guard rail |
| JP2004068450A (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-03-04 | Alinco Inc | Safety handrail |
| US20060000673A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-01-05 | Pluseight Safety Ab | Device for personal safety on scaffolds |
| EP1760224A2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-07 | Andrew Charles Owens | Guardrall attachement means for scaffolding towers |
| AU2010100013A4 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-02-04 | 4 Ken Pty Ltd | Temporary edge protection for scaffolding |
-
2010
- 2010-09-17 AU AU2010224325A patent/AU2010224325B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2137274A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-03 | Eberhard Layher | Safety device for scaffolding |
| EP1262612A2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-04 | Stanford Scaffolding Limited | Temporary guard rail |
| JP2004068450A (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-03-04 | Alinco Inc | Safety handrail |
| US20060000673A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-01-05 | Pluseight Safety Ab | Device for personal safety on scaffolds |
| EP1760224A2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-07 | Andrew Charles Owens | Guardrall attachement means for scaffolding towers |
| AU2010100013A4 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-02-04 | 4 Ken Pty Ltd | Temporary edge protection for scaffolding |
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|---|---|
| AU2010224325A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
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