AU2010206320B2 - Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts - Google Patents
Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2010206320B2 AU2010206320B2 AU2010206320A AU2010206320A AU2010206320B2 AU 2010206320 B2 AU2010206320 B2 AU 2010206320B2 AU 2010206320 A AU2010206320 A AU 2010206320A AU 2010206320 A AU2010206320 A AU 2010206320A AU 2010206320 B2 AU2010206320 B2 AU 2010206320B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- drying means
- metal salt
- conduit
- metal oxide
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MHCAFGMQMCSRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al] MHCAFGMQMCSRGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101100108866 Callithrix jacchus AGT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003903 oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/18—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by thermal decomposition of compounds, e.g. of salts or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/001—Calcining
- B01J6/004—Calcining using hot gas streams in which the material is moved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/0055—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream using cyclones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
- B01J8/006—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream by filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
- C01F7/441—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination
- C01F7/444—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
- C01F7/441—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination
- C01F7/445—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination making use of a fluidised bed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00115—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00141—Coils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009006094.4 | 2009-01-26 | ||
| DE102009006094.4A DE102009006094B4 (de) | 2009-01-26 | 2009-01-26 | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Aluminiumoxid aus Aluminiumhydroxid |
| PCT/EP2010/000150 WO2010083961A1 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-01-14 | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2010206320A1 AU2010206320A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| AU2010206320B2 true AU2010206320B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
Family
ID=41796175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2010206320A Ceased AU2010206320B2 (en) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-01-14 | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8313715B2 (fi) |
| CN (1) | CN102292150B (fi) |
| AU (1) | AU2010206320B2 (fi) |
| BR (1) | BRPI1006994A2 (fi) |
| CA (1) | CA2747370C (fi) |
| DE (1) | DE102009006094B4 (fi) |
| EA (1) | EA019025B1 (fi) |
| FI (1) | FI124836B (fi) |
| GB (1) | GB2478671B (fi) |
| SA (1) | SA110310075B1 (fi) |
| WO (1) | WO2010083961A1 (fi) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008141423A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Exploration Orbite Vspa Inc. | Processes for extracting aluminum and iron from aluminous ores |
| DE102010050495B4 (de) * | 2010-11-08 | 2018-05-24 | Outotec Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Aluminiumoxid aus Aluminiumhydroxid |
| EP2686458A4 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2015-04-15 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | METHODS FOR RECOVERING RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM ALUMINUM-CONTAINING MATERIALS |
| CN103857810A (zh) | 2011-05-04 | 2014-06-11 | 奥贝特铝业有限公司 | 用于从各种矿石中回收稀土元素的方法 |
| AU2012262586B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-05-14 | Aem Technologies Inc. | Methods for preparing hematite |
| JP2014526431A (ja) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-10-06 | オーバイト アルミナ インコーポレイテッド | アルミナ及び様々な他の生成物の調製プロセス |
| US9023301B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2015-05-05 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
| AU2013203808B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2016-07-28 | Aem Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating fly ashes |
| BR112015000626A2 (pt) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-06-27 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | processos para preparação de óxido de titânio e outros produtos variados |
| CA2885255C (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2015-12-22 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by hc1 leaching of various materials |
| CN105189357A (zh) | 2012-11-14 | 2015-12-23 | 奥佰特氧化铝有限公司 | 纯化铝离子的方法 |
| DE102013103080A1 (de) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-06-12 | Outotec Oyj | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von feineren Feststoffteilchen aus einem fluidisierten Feststoffgemisch |
| DE102015108722A1 (de) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Outotec (Finland) Oy | Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von körnigen Feststoffen |
| DE102017121224A1 (de) | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-14 | Eisenmann Se | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen oder thermo-chemischen Behandlung von Material |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005005318A2 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-20 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal hydroxide |
| WO2008113553A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Outotec Oyj | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3898043A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1975-08-05 | Little Inc A | Apparatus for decomposing concentrated aqueous aluminum nitrate solutions |
| US4209496A (en) * | 1977-02-03 | 1980-06-24 | Aluminum Company Of America | Treatment of offgas from aluminum chloride production |
| DE3615622A1 (de) * | 1986-05-09 | 1987-11-12 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur durchfuehrung endothermer prozesse |
| ES2047956T3 (es) * | 1989-11-27 | 1994-03-01 | Alcan Int Ltd | Procedimiento de calcinacion para la produccion de alumina a partir de trihidrato de alumina y aparato para esto. |
| DE19542309A1 (de) | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-15 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminiumoxid aus Aluminiumhydroxid |
| DE102007041586B4 (de) * | 2007-09-01 | 2014-03-27 | Outotec Oyj | Verfahren und Anlage zur Wärmebehandlung von körnigen Feststoffen |
| CN100512943C (zh) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-15 | 沈阳东方钛业有限公司 | 流化床反应器 |
-
2009
- 2009-01-26 DE DE102009006094.4A patent/DE102009006094B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-01-14 WO PCT/EP2010/000150 patent/WO2010083961A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-01-14 AU AU2010206320A patent/AU2010206320B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-01-14 GB GB1109905.8A patent/GB2478671B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-14 CA CA2747370A patent/CA2747370C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-14 US US13/146,037 patent/US8313715B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-14 EA EA201190029A patent/EA019025B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-01-14 BR BRPI1006994A patent/BRPI1006994A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-01-14 CN CN201080004915.XA patent/CN102292150B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-01-25 SA SA110310075A patent/SA110310075B1/ar unknown
-
2011
- 2011-08-09 FI FI20110260A patent/FI124836B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005005318A2 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-20 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal hydroxide |
| WO2008113553A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Outotec Oyj | Process and plant for producing metal oxide from metal salts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2010206320A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| BRPI1006994A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
| EA201190029A1 (ru) | 2012-02-28 |
| US8313715B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
| CN102292150B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
| CA2747370C (en) | 2016-12-06 |
| GB2478671A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| FI20110260L (fi) | 2011-08-09 |
| DE102009006094B4 (de) | 2018-10-31 |
| CN102292150A (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
| FI124836B (fi) | 2015-02-13 |
| EA019025B1 (ru) | 2013-12-30 |
| WO2010083961A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| US20120014863A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| SA110310075B1 (ar) | 2013-07-04 |
| CA2747370A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| GB201109905D0 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| DE102009006094A1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
| GB2478671B (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |