AU2009202096A1 - System, method and apparatus for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Standard Patent Applicant (s): SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY B.V. Invention Title: System, method and apparatus for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method for performing it known to me/us: P81 1.AU Pat_Set_ing Appication 2009-5.27.doc (M) - 2 SYSTEM, METHOD, AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCED FRICTION REDUCTION IN GRAVEL PACK OPERATIONS BACKGROUND 5 The technical field generally relates to gravel pack operations in subterranean wells, and more particularly but not exclusively relates to gravel pack operations using an alpha-beta wave process. Gravel pack operations are often performed with fluids designed to leave minimal 10 gravel pack damage after the job is completed, and therefore have minimal or zero viscosifiers added. Fluids without viscosifiers do not have significant particle carrying capacity, and the gravel therefore settles very quickly. In response to fast settling, it is desirable to 15 perform gravel pack operations at high pumping rates to minimize negative consequences of particle settling. Further, it is generally desirable to keep the pressure at the formation face during treatment below the fracturing pressure. Gravel pack fluids experience frictional 20 pressure at the crossover ports, between the formation and the screen, between the screen and the washpipe, and within the washpipe. These areas can be significant restrictions, and frictional pressure drops in these areas are experienced as increased pressure at the formation 25 face. Further, a fluid with no viscosifiers such as a brine can experience higher friction generally than fluids with surfactant viscosifiers or linear fluids with low polymer viscosifier loadings. Friction reducers added to a fluid at surface can undergo degradation from shear and 30 other conditions experienced during a treatment. These limitations can limit the maximum interval to be treated in a single treatment, limit the available pump rates, and contribute to unintentional fracturing of the formation. Therefore, further technological developments are 35 desirable in this area. N:\Melbourn\Cass\Patent81000-1999\P811 10.AU\Spcs\GHSPECI I PSI I IOAU doc 2705M9 -3 Summary One embodiment is a unique method for enhancing friction reduction in gravel pack operations. Other embodiments include unique systems and apparatus to 5 enhance friction reduction in gravel pack operations. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits shall become apparent from the following description and drawings. Brief description of the drawings 10 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations. Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram of a patterned surface. Fig. 2B is a detail portion of the schematic diagram 15 of the patterned surface. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a downhole shear control device. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a downhole friction reducer delivery device. 20 Fig. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a procedure for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. Fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of an alternate procedure for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel 25 pack operation. Fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a system for 30 enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations. Fig. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. N %McIbur\C atTWtntiBD00-B1999\PI 110 AU\Spci\GHSPECIIPSI I IOAUdoc 27/05M 9 - 4 Fig. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. Description of the illustrative embodiments 5 For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the 10 scope of the invention is thereby intended, any alterations and further modifications in the illustrated embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which 15 the invention relates are contemplated herein. In addition, the composition used/disclosed herein can also comprise some components other than those cited. In the summary and this detailed description, each numerical value should be read once as modified by the term "about" 20 (unless already expressly so modified), and then read again as not so modified unless otherwise indicated in context. Also, in the summary and this detailed description, it should be understood that a concentration range listed or described as being useful, suitable, or 25 the like, is intended that any and every concentration within the range, including the end points, is to be considered as having been stated. For example, "a range of from 1 to 10" is to be read as indicating each and every possible number along the continuum between about 1 30 and about 10. Thus, even if specific data points within the range, or even no data points within the range, are explicitly identified or refer to only a few specific, it is to be understood that inventors appreciate and understand that any and all data points within the range 35 are to be considered to have been specified, and that inventors possessed knowledge of the entire range and all N W bou \Cbnss\Patn18I000-81999\PII IO.ALSpecisNCHSPEC I PSI I IOAU doc 27M5M9 - 5 points within the range. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 100 for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations. The system 100 includes a wellbore 102 intersecting a 5 subterranean formation 104, a treatment flowpath disposed in the wellbore 102. The wellbore 102 is illustrated as a vertical wellbore, but the wellbore 102 may be deviated and/or horizontal. The wellbore 102 is shown as an open hole completion through the subterranean formation 104, 10 but may be a cased completion where a gravel pack is used, for example to keep perforation tunnels open in an unconsolidated formation 104. The overburden 106 is illustrated as a non-utilized formation, but may include any number of formations and may include productive zones, 15 etc. The gravel pack is illustrated at a single productive zone 104 to emphasize the features of the present application. The system 100 includes a treatment fluid 132 created from a base fluid 128, with gravel 126 added 20 during appropriate stages of the treatment, and other additives (not shown) that may be added at a blender 134 or by other known methods. The base fluid 128 includes any fluid known in the art, including a viscous fluid, a brine, and/or a heavy brine. The brine can be a water 25 based fluid including any of NaCl, NaBr, CaCl 2 , CaBr 2 , cesium formate, potassium formate, ZnBr 2 , CsBr, and/or KCl. The base fluid 128 may include a viscosifying agent, and may be an oil-based fluid. The treatment fluid 132 may be of any viscosity and density, and in certain embodiments 30 has a viscosity lower than 20 cp (0.02 Pa-s) and a downhole density higher than 8.4 pounds per gallon (1.0 kg/L). In a further embodiment, the treatment fluid 132 has a viscosity lower than 0.2 cp (2.0 x 10-4 Pa-s) and a downhole density lower than 16 pounds per gallon (1.9 35 kg/L). The system 100 includes a pump 136 that delivers the N:\cbourn\CaePatetk\3(X10-I999\P8I I O.AU\SpecuGHSPECI.P8II 1OAU.dc 27105109 -6 treatment fluid 132 to the wellbore 102 at selected pumping rates and pressures. In an exemplary embodiment, the treatment fluid 132, at one stage of a gravel pack treatment, has a fluid flow 110 through a first crossover 5 port 160 from a treatment tubing interior 108 to an annulus between a screen 142 and the formation face. The treatment fluid has a second fluid flow 112 through the screen, depositing any remaining gravel 126, and a third fluid flow 114 into a washpipe 140. The treatment fluid 10 132 has a fourth fluid flow 116 through a second crossover port 150 to return to the surface location 138 through an annulus 118 between a treatment tubing 109 and the casing 120. Other treatment configurations are understood in the art and are contemplated herein. 15 The treatment flowpath includes a fluid path from a surface location 138 to the subterranean formation 104 and returning to the surface location 138, where the treatment flowpath includes a delivery flowpath and a pertinent flowpath 122. The delivery flowpath includes the 20 treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation 104, and the pertinent flowpath includes the treatment flowpath at the subterranean formation and downstream of the subterranean formation 104. In certain embodiments, the delivery flowpath includes any portion of the 25 treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation 104, and the pertinent flowpath 122 includes any portion of the treatment flowpath wherein friction pressure produced in the portion of the flowpath increases the pressure at the formation 104 face. 30 For example, the delivery flowpath includes an interior 108 of the treatment tubing 109 and a first crossover port 160. The treatment tubing 109 may be any treatment tubing understood in the art, including standard jointed treatment tubing and/or coiled tubing. In certain 35 embodiments, the pertinent flowpath 122 includes a first annulus between a screen 142 and the formation face (i.e. N:\Mclb u Ca .. \Pan t 00-8999\P I 110.AUSpd.GHSPECi1.P8i I I OAU do 2705/09 - 7 the wellbore 102), a second annulus 144 between a washpipe 140 and the screen 142, an interior of the washpipe 140, and/or a second crossover port 150 that allows treatment fluid to flow from the washpipe 140 to a third annulus 118 5 between casing 120 and a treatment tubing 109. The pertinent flowpath 122 further includes the third annulus 118, in certain embodiments. The system 100 further includes a gravel pack assembly including a first crossover port 160, a screen 10 142, a washpipe 140, and a second crossover port 150. The first crossover port 160 fluidly couples the delivery flowpath to the pertinent flowpath and the second crossover port fluidly couples the washpipe 140 to a return portion of the pertinent flowpath (i.e. the third 15 annulus 118). The system further 100 includes a friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath, where the friction reducing agent is not effective at the surface location 138. In certain 20 further embodiments, the friction reducing agent is not effective in at least a portion of the delivery flowpath, and is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath 122. The friction reducing agent is described as being 25 effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath 122 and not effective in at least a portion of the delivery flowpath and/or at the surface location 138. The system 100, in certain embodiments, includes an additional friction reducer or friction reducers that may be 30 effective at any or all locations of the system 100. For example, and without limitation, the treatment fluid includes a friction reducer such as a surfactant added at the blender 134, with an additional friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of the 35 pertinent flowpath 122 and not effective in at least a portion of the delivery flowpath. N:\Melbourne\Cases\Paent\S0-81999\P0I 1O.AU\SpciAstGHSPEC1 I P8 I0I IAUdoc 2705/9 - 8 Referencing Fig. 2A, in certain embodiments the friction reducing agent includes a surface pattern on at least one surface in the pertinent flowpath. The illustration in Fig. 2A shows a surface pattern on an 5 interior of the washpipe 140. In certain embodiments, the surface pattern includes a micro-pattern and/or a nano pattern that reduces the flowing friction through the washpipe 140. A micro-pattern includes any pattern having features that would be described as a micro-pattern in the 10 art, further including a pattern with features smaller than 10-3 meters, features sized between about 104 and 10~7 meters, and/or features sized at about 10- meters. A nano-pattern includes any pattern having features that would be described as a nano-pattern in the art, further 15 including a pattern having features smaller than 106 meters, features sized between about 10-7 and 10-10 meters, and/or features sized at about 10~9 meters. Referencing Fig. 2B, the sizing of the features may include the sizing of a distance between features 204, 20 and/or a size of the features 202 including a characteristic dimension of the feature (width, length, diameter, etc.) or an area of the feature. Additionally, the size of the features 202 may be statistical description of an average feature. In certain 25 embodiments, a micro-pattern and/or nano-pattern includes any surface patterned in a manner that reduces flowing friction at the fluid viscosities and flow rates in the area of the surface patterning. The features 202 are illustrated as protrusions but may alternatively or 30 additionally include divots, dimples, scratched surfaces and/or roughened surfaces. While the interior of the washpipe 140 is illustrated in Fig. 2A, the system 100 may include a patterning of any surface in the pertinent flowpath, including without limitation a surface of the 35 screen 142, an outer surface of the washpipe 140, an outside of the tubing 109, and/or an interior of the casing 120. N :\elbournc\Cases\Patnt 000-81999\P81 I 10. ALASpecis\GHSPEC I .PHI I1OAU.doc 27/05/09 - 9 In certain embodiments, the friction reducing agent includes a friction reducer incorporated within individual particles of an amount of particles included in a treatment fluid 132. The particles having the friction 5 reducer may be incorporated within gravel 126 added to the treatment fluid, or may be added at a blender 134 during treatment. The incorporated friction reducer may be an encapsulated friction reducer, an adsorbed friction reducer, an absorbed friction reducer, and/or a friction 10 reducer incorporated as a chemical precursor. The incorporated friction reducer is introduced into solution in the treatment fluid 132 in response to conditions experienced by the treatment fluid 132 during a treatment operation. In an exemplary embodiment, the system 100 15 includes a downhole activation condition including a downhole temperature, a downhole pH value, a treatment fluid shear amount, a treatment fluid residence time, and/or a treatment pressure, where the incorporated friction reducer is incorporated into solution in the 20 treatment fluid 132 in response to the downhole activation condition. For example, an encapsulated friction reducer may be designed to release the friction reducer due to temperature, pressure, shear, abrasion, and/or erosion within the wellbore 102 at a position such that the 25 friction reducer is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath 122. In an exemplary embodiment, the friction reducer is incorporated within individual particles as a chemical friction reducer precursor, and the system 100 further 30 includes a downhole activation condition that is sufficient to convert at least a portion of the chemical friction reducer precursor to a friction reducer amount in solution in the treatment fluid. The chemical friction reducer precursor may be converted to the friction reducer 35 by hydrolysis, dissolution, and/or by a redox reaction. The conversion of the chemical friction reducer precursor can be delayed by configuring the precursor to react N:\Melbom \Cs Teni 00.819991PtIlOAU\Sipei\GHSPECII PjI 10AUdoc27505A9 - 10 according to the estimated temperature of the treatment fluid 132, the development of pH in the treatment fluid 132, or by any planned reaction according to other known or estimated conditions during treatment. The use of 5 chemical friction reducer precursor indicates that, when the precursor is reacted, friction reducer is released into the treatment fluid 132. The friction reducer released may be a part of the particle with the precursor, and/or may be the reacted precursor or unreacted portions 10 of the precursor. The release mechanism of the friction reducer may be any mechanism understood in the art, including without limitation the chemical friction reducer precursor as a coating on a particle including the friction reducer, 15 wherein the degrading coating releases the friction reducer, and the chemical friction reducer precursor as a binder for the particle, wherein the degrading binder breaks the particle including the friction reducer into smaller particles, thereby releasing the friction reducer 20 and/or greatly increasing the friction reducer surface area exposure to the treatment fluid 132. Described mechanisms are illustrative and not limiting. In another exemplary embodiment, the system 100 includes the friction reducer as a coating on any surface 25 of the pertinent flowpath 122. The friction reducer as a coating includes coatings that create a low friction surface, and/or coatings that dissolve into the treatment fluid 132 creating a treatment fluid 132 exhibiting lower friction as a fluid. For example, a 30 polytetrafluoroethylene coating (or other similarly functioning material) may be included at one or more surfaces of the pertinent flowpath 122. In certain embodiments, a surfactant or other friction reducing material may be included at one or more surfaces of the 35 pertinent flowpath 122 such that the friction reducing material dissolves over time into the treatment fluid 132. N\Melbomc\Ca \Pant'BID0041999P I l10 AU\Spci\GHSPEC1J.P81 I IAU.do 27/05/09 - 11 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a downhole shear control device. The device includes a coil 302 that has a portion of the delivery flowpath disposed within the coil 302. In an exemplary embodiment, the treatment fluid 132 5 includes an amount of magnetic particles, and during the gravel pack operation a varying electrical current in the coil 302 exposes a portion of the delivery flowpath to a magnetic field, inducing the treatment fluid 132 to exhibit a temporary viscosity increase. The viscosity 10 increase may be utilized, for example, to enhance shear in the tubing 109 and/or through the first crossover port 160, thereby triggering or assisting a release of an encapsulated friction reducer. In alternate embodiments, the system 100 includes a device for exposing at least a 15 portion of the delivery flowpath to an electric, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic field, and the treatment fluid 132 includes an amount of magnetic particles. The coil 302 may be controllable from the surface location 138, allowing control of downhole treatment fluid 132 viscosity 20 from the surface location 138 and/or from a remote location in communication with the surface location 138. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a downhole friction reducer delivery device. The friction reducer is included in a downhole container 402, and introduced into the 25 treatment fluid 132 during the performance of the gravel pack treatment. The downhole container 402 is structured to release the friction reducer during the treatment, and may release the friction reducer by any method, including without limitation dissolving the friction reducer into 30 the treatment fluid, opening at a downhole condition experienced during the treatment such as a downhole pressure, and/or controllably opening in response to a control signal. The control signal is any signal understood in the art, including a direct electronic 35 signal, a predetermined pressure wave signal, and a mechanical signal conveyed via the tubing 109 or other device. N:\Melboumc\CassPtennlg000.81999P01 110 AL\SpecisiGHSPECi LP$I I I0AUdoc 27/05/09 - 12 The friction reducer included in the downhole container 402 includes any friction reducer known in the art, including a surfactant, a polymer, an amount of assembled low molecular weight organic molecules, and an 5 amount of fibers. The downhole container 402 is illustrated at a position just before the first crossover port 160, but the downhole container 402 may be at any location such that the released friction reducer is effective in the treatment fluid 132 through at least a 10 portion of the pertinent flowpath 122. Referencing Fig. 8, a schematic block diagram of a system 800 for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations is shown. The system 800 includes a surface location 138 and a delivery flowpath 804 comprising a 15 flowpath from the surface location 138 to a gravel pack assembly 806. The gravel pack assembly 806 includes a first crossover port 160 comprising a fluid connection between the delivery flowpath 804 and a pertinent flowpath 122. The gravel pack assembly 806 further includes a 20 second crossover port 150 which provides a fluid connection between the gravel pack assembly 806 and a return portion 118 of the pertinent flowpath 122. The gravel pack assembly 806 further includes a screen 142 and washpipe 140, not shown in Fig. 8. 25 The system 800 further includes not effective friction reducing agent 802 at the surface location 138. The not effective friction reducing agent 802 may be not effective at the surface because the friction reducer is present in the treatment fluid 132 but is not in solution 30 (e.g. incorporated within particles) or not effective because the friction reducer is not yet present in the treatment fluid 132 at the surface location 138. The system 800 further includes an effective friction reducing agent 808 in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath 35 122. The effective friction reducing agent 808 may be effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath N:\MCIb r\CasesPaenlI81000-81999P I I0 .AApcts\GHSPECII PIll OAUdoc 27/US5U9 - 13 122 because the friction reducer is present only in the pertinent flowpath 122, because the friction reducer is released into the treatment fluid 132 at some downhole location, and/or because the friction reducer is released 5 from the amount of particles into solution in the treatment fluid 132 during the course of the gravel pack treatment. The schematic flow diagrams in Figs. 5-7 and 9-10, and related descriptions which follow, provide 10 illustrative embodiments of performing procedures for enhanced friction reduction in gravel pack operations. Operations illustrated are understood to be exemplary only, and operations may be combined or divided, and added or removed, as well as re-ordered in whole or part, unless 15 stated explicitly to the contrary herein. Fig. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a procedure 500 for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. The procedure 500 includes an operation 502 to provide a treatment fluid including an amount of 20 particulates, an operation 504 to provide providing a pertinent flowpath, and an operation 506 to provide a delivery flowpath. The procedure 500 further includes an operation 508 to select a friction reducing method. In alternate embodiments, two or more friction reducing 25 methods may be selected. A first friction reducing method includes an operation 510 to encapsulate a friction reducer in the amount of particles, and an operation 512 to release the encapsulated friction reducer in response to a treatment condition experienced by the treatment 30 fluid during an operation 520 to perform a gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. A second friction reducing method includes an operation 514 to coat at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath with a friction reducing material. A third 35 friction reducing method includes an operation 516 to coat at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath with a N:\Melboumc\CasesPaten I 000-8199P I I10AU\Spis\MGHSPECI IPSI I 10AUdoc 27A)5/09 - 14 dissolving friction reducer that goes into solution in the treatment fluid over a period of time during the operation 520 to perform the gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. A fourth friction reducing method 5 includes an operation 518 to provide at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath with a surface pattern that reduces fluid flow friction past the surface. The procedure 500 concludes with the operation 520 to perform the gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. 10 Delivery flowpath portions include a treatment tubing, a coiled tubing, and/or a first cross-over port fluidly coupling an upstream portion of the delivery flowpath to the pertinent flowpath. Pertinent flowpath portions includes a first annulus between a screen and the 15 formation face, a second annulus between the screen and a washpipe external surface, a washpipe interior surface, and a second cross-over port fluidly coupling the washpipe to a return portion of the pertinent flowpath. A pertinent flowpath portion may further include a third 20 annulus between the treatment tubing and a casing. Providing the friction reducing agent includes one or more operations selected from releasing a friction reducer included in the amount of particulates into solution in the treatment fluid, providing a surface 25 pattern and/or a friction reducing coating on a surface of the pertinent flowpath including a screen surface, a washpipe outer surface, a washpipe inner surface, a casing inner surface, a treatment tubing outer surface, and/or a coiled tubing outer surface. The method further includes 30 providing a dissolving friction reducer as a coating on the screen and/or the washpipe. Providing a friction reducing feature includes providing an encapsulated friction reducer in the treatment fluid, where the encapsulated friction reducer 35 releases the encapsulated friction reducer in response to a downhole temperature during the gravel pack treatment, N \Mc1bmCa \Paten A10004199PI110 AU\SpciS\GHSPECII.P8I I IAUdoc 27/05/09 - 15 an amount of shear experienced by the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment, a downhole pressure during the gravel pack treatment, and/or a pH of the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment. 5 In certain embodiments, the method includes providing the friction reducing agent by providing a friction reducer contained within individual particles of the amount of particles and releasing the friction reducer from the individual particles when the treatment fluid is 10 downhole. The method further includes releasing the friction reducer by a releasing operation selected from eroding the individual particles, activating a chemical reaction of the individual particles by temperature, and/or by performing a dissolution, hydrolysis, and/or 15 redox reaction of at least a portion of the individual particles. Fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of an alternate procedure 600 for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. The procedure 600 includes an operation 20 502 to provide a treatment fluid including an amount of particulates, and an operation 602 to include an amount of magnetic particles as at least a portion of the amount of particles. The procedure 600 further includes an operation 504 to provide providing a pertinent flowpath, 25 and an operation 506 to provide a delivery flowpath. The procedure 600 further includes an operation 604 to expose at least a portion of the delivery flowpath to an electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field. The procedure 500 concludes with the operation 520 to perform 30 the gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. Fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure 700 for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. The procedure 700 includes an operation 502 to provide a treatment fluid including an 35 amount of particulates, an operation 504 to provide providing a pertinent flowpath, and an operation 506 to N:\Mebou Cases\atent\ 8 I 10 AIU\Spcts\GHSPECI I PSI IOAU dc 27M5M9 - 16 provide a delivery flowpath. The procedure 700 further includes an operation 702 to provide a downhole container having a friction reducer therein, and an operation 704 to release the friction reducer included in the downhole 5 container into the treatment fluid during the a gravel pack treatment performed utilizing the treatment fluid. Fig. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure 900 for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. The procedure 900 includes an 10 operation 902 to provide a gravel pack assembly and an operation 904 to prepare a low friction surface of the gravel pack assembly. The operation 904 to prepare the low friction surface includes providing a surface pattern on the surface of the gravel pack assembly, and/or 15 providing a low friction coating on the surface of the gravel pack assembly. The procedure 900 further includes an operation 906 to position the gravel pack assembly at a position in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation of interest, and an operation 908 to perform an 20 alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment in the wellbore across at least a portion of the subterranean formation of interest. In certain embodiments, the low friction surface of the gravel pack assembly includes a surface of the screen, an inner surface of the washpipe, and/or an 25 outer surface of the washpipe. Fig. 10 is a schematic flow diagram of yet another alternate procedure 1000 for enhancing friction reduction in a gravel pack operation. The procedure 1000 includes an operation 1002 to interpret a treatment schedule 30 including a pump schedule for an alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment and an operation 1004 to determine a treatment condition in response to the treatment schedule, for example a downhole temperature and/or pressure. The procedure 1000 further includes an operation 1006 to 35 provide a treatment flowpath including a delivery flowpath and a pertinent flowpath, and an operation 1008 to N:\Mclbome\Casecatent'8000-B1999\PSI IO.ALSpcisGHSPECII.P11 IOAU doc 27A5M9 - 17 position a gravel pack assembly in a wellbore at a subterranean formation of interest. The procedure 1000 further includes an operation 1010 to determine a friction reducing agent that is effective in the pertinent flowpath 5 but not at a surface location, where the determining is according to the treatment condition. The procedure 1000 further includes an operation 1012 to provide a treatment fluid including an amount of particles and the friction reducing agent, and an operation 1014 to perform a gravel 10 pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid in response to the treatment schedule. As is evident from the figures and text presented above, a variety of embodiments according to the present invention are contemplated. 15 One exemplary embodiment is a method including providing a treatment fluid comprising an amount of particulates, providing a pertinent flowpath, providing a delivery flowpath comprising a fluid conduit connecting a surface location to the pertinent flowpath, wherein the 20 delivery flowpath is disposed in a wellbore, providing a friction reducing agent effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath, and performing a gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. Fluid friction pressure in the pertinent flowpath is at least partially 25 transferred to a formation face in a wellbore. The friction reducing agent is not effective in at least a portion of the delivery flowpath, for example at a surface location. Delivery flowpath portions include a treatment 30 tubing, a coiled tubing, and/or a first cross-over port fluidly coupling an upstream portion of the delivery flowpath to the pertinent flowpath. Pertinent flowpath portions includes a first annulus between a screen and the formation face, a second annulus between the screen and a 35 washpipe external surface, a washpipe interior surface, and a second cross-over port fluidly coupling the washpipe N:\MeIbonCaeP atentIl000-1999\PI 1O. ALSpecis\GHSPECil.PI I IOAU doc 27/5/09 - 18 to a return portion of the pertinent flowpath. A pertinent flowpath portion may further include a third annulus between the treatment tubing and a casing. Providing the friction reducing agent includes one 5 or more operations selected from releasing a friction reducer included in the amount of particulates into solution in the treatment fluid, providing a surface pattern and/or a friction reducing coating on a surface of the pertinent flowpath including a screen surface, a 10 washpipe outer surface, a washpipe inner surface, a casing inner surface, a treatment tubing outer surface, and/or a coiled tubing outer surface. The method further includes providing a dissolving friction reducer as a coating on the screen and/or the washpipe. 15 Providing a friction reducing feature includes providing an encapsulated friction reducer in the treatment fluid, where the encapsulated friction reducer releases the encapsulated friction reducer in response to a downhole temperature during the gravel pack treatment, 20 an amount of shear experienced by the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment, a downhole pressure during the gravel pack treatment, and/or a pH of the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment. In a further embodiment, the method includes providing an 25 amount of magnetic particles as at least a portion of the amount of particles, and exposing at least a portion of the delivery flowpath to a electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field. In certain embodiments, the method includes releasing a friction reducer included in a 30 downhole container into the treatment fluid during the performing a gravel pack treatment. In certain embodiments, the method includes providing the friction reducing agent by providing a friction reducer contained within individual particles of 35 the amount of particles and releasing the friction reducer from the individual particles when the treatment fluid is N \Melbourn\Cas atent\81000-81999\ I IIO.AU\Specis\GHSPECi .P8 II IOAU do 2705/09 - 19 downhole. The method further includes releasing the friction reducer by a releasing operation selected from eroding the individual particles, activating a chemical reaction of the individual particles by temperature, 5 and/or by performing a dissolution, hydrolysis, and/or redox reaction of at least a portion of the individual particles. Another exemplary embodiment is a system including a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation, a 10 treatment flowpath disposed in the wellbore including a fluid path from a surface location to the subterranean formation and returning to the surface location, where the treatment flowpath includes a delivery flowpath and a pertinent flowpath. The delivery flowpath includes the 15 treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation, and the pertinent flowpath includes the treatment flowpath at the subterranean formation and downstream of the subterranean formation. The system further includes a gravel pack assembly including a first crossover port, a 20 screen, a washpipe, and a second crossover port. The first crossover port fluidly couples the delivery flowpath to the pertinent flowpath and the second crossover port fluidly couples the washpipe to a return portion of the pertinent flowpath. The system further includes a 25 friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath, where the friction reducing agent is not effective at the surface location. In a further embodiment, the friction reducing agent includes a surface pattern on at least one surface in the 30 pertinent flowpath, including without limitation a surface of the screen, an outer surface of the washpipe, and/or an inner surface of the washpipe. The exemplary system includes a treatment fluid having an amount of particulates, where the friction reducing agent includes a 35 friction reducer incorporated within individual particles of the amount of particulates. The friction reducer is N:\kboumN\Cae\Patent'l O(M-1999\PSI 110.AU\Spcis\GHSPEC11.PSI IOAU.doc 27M519 - 20 incorporated in the individual particles as an encapsulated friction reducer, an absorbed friction reducer, an adsorbed friction reducer, and/or a chemical friction reducer precursor. In a still further 5 embodiment, the friction reducer is incorporated within individual particles as a chemical friction reducer precursor, and the system further includes a downhole activation condition including a downhole temperature and/or a downhole pH value, where the downhole activation 10 condition is sufficient to convert at least a portion of the chemical friction reducer precursor to a friction reducer amount in solution in the treatment fluid. In certain embodiments, the system further includes the downhole activation condition as a treatment fluid shear 15 amount, a treatment fluid residence time, and/or a treatment pressure; where the downhole activation condition is sufficient to convert the friction reducer incorporated into individual particles into a friction reducer amount in solution in the treatment fluid. 20 Yet another exemplary embodiment is a method including providing a gravel pack assembly including a screen and a washpipe, preparing a low friction surface of the gravel pack, positioning the gravel pack assembly at a position in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean 25 formation of interest, and performing an alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment in the wellbore across at least a portion of the subterranean formation of interest. The low friction surface of the gravel pack assembly includes a surface of the screen, an inner surface of the washpipe, 30 and/or an outer surface of the washpipe. The preparing includes providing a surface pattern on the surface of the gravel pack assembly, and/or providing a low friction coating on the surface of the gravel pack assembly. The surface pattern includes micro-patterning and/or nano 35 patterning. In a further embodiment, the surface pattern includes features sized at about 10-6 meters, and in an alternate embodiment, the surface pattern includes N:\Melbor\CaeP atenIt'8OD 10 -999P8 I 110 AU\SpeciGHSPECi.P8II I0AUdoc 27/05109 - 21 features sized at about 10- 9 meters. Another exemplary embodiment is a method for gravel pack treatment of a subterranean formation of interest intersected by a wellbore, the method including 5 interpreting a treatment schedule including a pump schedule for an alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment, determining a treatment condition in response to the treatment schedule, providing a treatment flowpath disposed in the wellbore including a fluid path from a 10 surface location to the subterranean formation and returning to the surface location, positioning the gravel pack assembly at a position in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation of interest, determining a friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of 15 the pertinent flowpath and that is not effective at the surface location in response to the treatment condition, providing a treatment fluid including an amount of particulates and the friction reducing agent, and performing a gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment 20 fluid in response to the treatment schedule. The treatment flowpath includes a delivery flowpath and a pertinent flowpath, where the delivery flowpath includes the treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation, and the pertinent flowpath includes the 25 treatment flowpath at the subterranean formation and downstream of the subterranean formation. In a further embodiment, the treatment condition includes a downhole temperature and a downhole pressure, and the friction reducing agent includes an encapsulated friction reducer 30 that releases friction reducer into solution in the treatment fluid in response to exposure of the treatment fluid to the treatment condition. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing 35 description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that N Melbome\Case\Patc\n!O -81999;P8 I IOAU\SpcuiGHSPECL.PSII IOAUdoc 27s5/09 - 22 only certain exemplary embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. In reading the claims, it is intended that 5 when words such as "a," "an," "at least one," or "at least one portion" are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language "at least a portion" and/or "a portion" is used the item can include a 10 portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary. In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary 15 implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. 20 It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. 25 N :\Mebourn\Cass\Paten1 899\ I I 10.AU\Spes\GHSPECI PSI 10AU.doc 27/05109

Claims (21)

1. A method, comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising an amount of 5 particulates; providing a pertinent flowpath, wherein fluid friction pressure in the pertinent flowpath is at least partially transferred to a formation face in a wellbore; providing a delivery flowpath comprising a fluid 10 conduit connecting a surface location to the pertinent flowpath, wherein the delivery flowpath is disposed in a wellbore; providing a friction reducing agent effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath; 15 wherein the friction reducing agent is not effective in at least a portion of the delivery flowpath; and performing a gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid. 20

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery flowpath comprises at least one flowpath portion selected from the flowpath portions consisting of a treatment tubing, a coiled tubing, and a first cross-over port fluidly coupling an upstream portion of the delivery 25 flowpath to the pertinent flowpath.

3. The method of any of the previous claims, wherein the pertinent flowpath comprises at least one flowpath portion selected from the flowpath portions 30 comprising a first annulus between a screen and the formation face, a second annulus between the screen and a washpipe external surface, a washpipe interior surface, and a second cross-over port fluidly coupling a washpipe N:\McibournCase\Paten21000-1999\P I I0.AU\Speci\CHSPECII.P8I I I0AUdoc 2705109 - 24 to a return portion of the pertinent flowpath.

4. The method of any of the previous claims, wherein the providing a friction reducing agent comprises 5 at least one operation selected from the operations consisting of: releasing a friction reducer included in the amount of particulates into solution in the treatment fluid; providing a surface pattern on at least one surface 10 selected from the surfaces consisting of a screen surface, a washpipe outer surface, a washpipe inner surface, a casing inner surface, a treatment tubing outer surface, and a coiled tubing outer surface; providing a friction reducing coating on at least 15 one surface selected from the surfaces consisting of a screen surface, a washpipe outer surface, a washpipe inner surface, a casing inner surface, and a treatment tubing outer surface; including a friction reducer as a coating on one of 20 a screen and a washpipe, wherein the friction reducer dissolves into the treatment fluid; including an amount of magnetic particles comprising at least a portion of the amount of particles, and exposing at least a portion of the delivery flowpath to a 25 field selected from an electric field, a magnetic field, and an electromagnetic field; and releasing a friction reducer included in a downhole container into the treatment fluid during the performing a gravel pack treatment. 30

5. The method of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the providing a friction reducing agent comprises releasing a friction reducer included in a downhole container into the treatment fluid during the performing a N:\MIbome\CasesPtcm\0MX0-8I1999\IP111O.AU\Specis\GHSPECII PII IOAUdoc27/05/09 - 25 gravel pack treatment , the friction reducer comprising at least one friction reducer selected from the friction reducers consisting of a surfactant, a polymer, an amount of assembled low molecular weight organic molecules, and 5 an amount of fibers.

6. The method of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the providing a friction reducing feature comprises providing an encapsulated friction reducer in the 10 treatment fluid, the encapsulated friction reducer structured to release the encapsulated friction reducer in response to at least one treatment condition selected from the treatment conditions comprising a downhole temperature during the gravel pack treatment, an amount of shear 15 experienced by the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment, a downhole pressure during the gravel pack treatment, a pH of the treatment fluid during the gravel pack treatment. 20

7. The method of any of the previous claims, wherein the friction reducing agent is not effective at the surface location.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the providing the 25 friction reducing agent comprises providing a surface pattern at least one surface selected from the surfaces consisting of a screen surface, a washpipe outer surface, and a washpipe inner surface. 30

9. The method of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the providing a friction reducing agent comprises: providing a friction reducer contained within individual particles of the amount of particles; and releasing the friction reducer from the individual N Welou Cases\Patent'8100-1899\P I 110 AU\SpwiGHSPECII.P8 I I IOAU doc 27/0509 - 26 particles when the treatment fluid is downhole.

10. The method of any of claims I through 3, wherein the releasing the friction reducer comprising a 5 releasing operation selected from the releasing operations consisting of: eroding the individual particles, activating a chemical reaction of the individual particles by temperature, performing dissolution of at least a portion of the individual particles, performing a 10 hydrolysis of at least a portion of the individual particles, performing a redox reaction of at least a portion of the particle.

11. A system, comprising: 15 a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation; a treatment flowpath disposed in the wellbore comprising a fluid path from a surface location to the subterranean formation and returning to the surface location, the treatment flowpath comprising a delivery 20 flowpath and a pertinent flowpath; the delivery flowpath comprising the treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation; the pertinent flowpath comprising the treatment flowpath at the subterranean formation and downstream of 25 the subterranean formation; a gravel pack assembly comprising a first crossover port fluidly coupling the delivery flowpath to the pertinent flowpath, a screen, a washpipe, and a second crossover port fluidly coupling the washpipe to a return 30 portion of the pertinent flowpath; and a friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath, wherein the friction reducing agent is not effective at the surface location. N :\M bou \Ca es\Pan11000-81999P I 10 A(ASpecisCHSPECiL.Pl IOAU doc2 7Om9 - 27

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the friction reducing agent comprises a surface pattern on at least one surface selected from the surfaces consisting of a surface 5 of the screen, an outer surface of the washpipe, and an inner surface of the washpipe.

13. The system of any of claims 11 through 12, further comprising a treatment fluid comprising an amount 10 of particulates, wherein the friction reducing agent comprises a friction reducer incorporated within individual particles of the amount of particulates, wherein the friction reducer is incorporated in a configuration selected from the configurations consisting 15 of an encapsulated friction reducer, an absorbed friction reducer, an adsorbed friction reducer, and a chemical friction reducer precursor.

14. The system of claim of 13, wherein the friction 20 reducer is incorporated in the configuration consisting of a chemical friction reducer precursor, wherein the system further includes a downhole activation condition comprising one of a downhole temperature and a downhole pH value; wherein the downhole activation condition is 25 structured to convert at least a portion of the chemical friction reducer precursor to a friction reducer amount in solution in the treatment fluid.

15. The system of claim of 13, wherein the system 30 further includes a downhole activation condition selected from the activation conditions consisting of a treatment fluid shear amount, a treatment fluid residence time, and a treatment pressure; wherein the downhole activation condition is structured to convert the incorporated 35 friction reducer to a friction reducer amount in solution N\ ur\asPtn 0 -8999\PS I 10.ALSpecis\GHSPECII.PX1 I IOAUdoe 27APSM 9 - 28 in the treatment fluid.

16. A method, comprising: providing a gravel pack assembly comprising a screen 5 and a washpipe; preparing a low friction surface of the gravel pack, the low friction surface of the gravel pack assembly comprising at least one surface selected from a surface of the screen, an inner surface of the washpipe, and an outer 10 surface of the washpipe; positioning the gravel pack assembly at a position in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation of interest; and performing an alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment 15 in the wellbore across at least a portion of the subterranean formation of interest.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the preparing comprises at least one operation selected from the 20 operations consisting of: providing a surface pattern on the surface of the gravel pack assembly; and providing a low friction coating on the surface of the gravel pack assembly. 25

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the preparing comprises wherein providing a surface pattern on the surface of the gravel pack assembly, the pattern having features sized at about 10- meters. 30

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the preparing comprises wherein providing a surface pattern on the N:\CIbou \CasPatenIUI(0-999\P I 110.AUSpcis\GIISPECII.PSI I IOAU.doc 27M05A9 - 29 surface of the gravel pack assembly, the pattern having features sized at about 10-9 meters.

20. A method for gravel pack treatment of a 5 subterranean formation of interest intersected by a wellbore, the method comprising: interpreting a treatment schedule comprising a pump schedule for an alpha-beta wave gravel pack treatment; determining a treatment condition in response to the 10 treatment schedule; providing a treatment flowpath disposed in the wellbore comprising a fluid path from a surface location to the subterranean formation and returning to the surface location, the treatment flowpath comprising a delivery 15 flowpath and a pertinent flowpath, the delivery flowpath comprising the treatment flowpath upstream of the subterranean formation, and the pertinent flowpath comprising the treatment flowpath at the subterranean formation and downstream of the subterranean formation; 20 positioning the gravel pack assembly at a position in a wellbore intersecting a subterranean formation of interest; determining a friction reducing agent that is effective in at least a portion of the pertinent flowpath 25 and that is not effective at the surface location in response to the treatment condition; providing a treatment fluid comprising an amount of particulates, the treatment fluid further comprising the friction reducing agent; and 30 performing a gravel pack treatment utilizing the treatment fluid in response to the treatment schedule.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the treatment N:\MIlbome\Cassiaent\8(0041999P8I 110 AUASpci.GHSPECII PSI I 10AUdoc 27M5/09 - 30 condition comprises one of a downhole temperature and a downhole pressure, and wherein the friction reducing agent comprises an encapsulated friction reducer structured to release friction reducer into solution in the treatment 5 fluid in response to exposure of the treatment fluid to the treatment condition. N :\elbourne\sePatien IO0 81999Pl I I10.AU\Specis\GHSPECI .PI I IOAUdoc 21A)9