AU2007200085B2

AU2007200085B2 - Antimicrobial compositions and wound dressings

Info

Publication number: AU2007200085B2
Application number: AU2007200085A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Tse-Hao Ko
Original assignee: Feng Chia University
Current assignee: Feng Chia University
Priority date: 2006-09-19
Filing date: 2007-01-09
Publication date: 2009-02-05
Anticipated expiration: 2027-01-09
Also published as: TWI354549B; FR2905871A1; TW200727871A; ES2322218B1; DE102006050806A1; ES2322218A1; CA2572766A1; FR2905871B1; AU2007200085A1; JP2008073499A; CA2572766C

Description

S&FRef: 793961

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name and Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Invention Title: Feng Chia University, of No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Taichung, Taiwan, 40724, Taiwan Tse-Hao Ko Spruson Ferguson St Martins Tower Level 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 (CCN 3710000177) Antimicrobial compositions and wound dressings The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5845c(633094_1) ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS AND WOUND DRESSINGS ctField of the Invention The present invention relates to the use of a noble metal carried on a carbonaceous s material in an antimicrobial composition and an antimicrobial wound dressing. The present invention especially relates to an antimicrobial composition and a wound dressing 00 0containing a noble metal carried on an activated carbon or porous graphite. In particular, the present invention actively aggregates and destroys the microbes close to said composition and wound dressing to prevent microbial infection.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the past, antimicrobial drugs have been applied directly onto the injured portion of the body. Recently, depending on the type of wound, medical wound dressings, such as medical tapes, patches, gelatin film bandages and band-aids, have been adopted to cover the wound. The wound is thus isolated and protected from improper contact with the external atmosphere, thereby preventing infection and reducing pain.

It is known that noble metals, such as silver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, and zinc, in dressings, effectively kills microbes. The use of such noble metals in dressings also has been disclosed in many references. For example, Robert Edward Burrell, et al

(US)

AH21(631934 I):JJP 6,692,773 B2) disclose the use of a noble metal such as silver, gold, palladium, or platinum, or an alloy or a compound thereof, in a nanocrystalline form with a grain size of less than 100 Snm, in coating a fabric to provide a dressing with an antiproliferative effect. Widemire (US 5,782,788) discloses the fixation of a silver foil layer on a gauze pad to inhibit the growth of bacteria, virus, and fungus. Fabo (US 5,340,363) discloses a dressing comprising an outer Sabsorbent layer and an inner porous hydrophobic layer knitted of elastic threads and 00 Sencapsulated by a soft hydrophobic silicone or polyurethane gel. The gel can be used as a Scarrier for an antibacterial agent zinc), a pain-relieving substance, or an agent that Sstimulates wound repair.

[0004] Klippel, et al. (US 3,830,908) disclose the use of micronized allantoin as a carrier for a bactericidal or bacteriostatic ingredient (such as silver citro allantoinate). The composition is dispersed over the surface of a plastic air splint or other bandaging product to provide antibacterial action, depending on the molecular dissociation. McKnight, et al. (US 3,800,792) disclose a surgical dressing comprising a layer of tanned and reconstituted collagen foam film, which is laminated into a thick continuous layer of an inert j olymer.

The collagen layer contains a finely-divided silver metal that is added by soaking the collagen film in Tollen's reagent. Furthermore, Stowasser (US 2,934,066) discloses dressings of absorbent metal-coated fibers, such as carding fleece that are coated with aluminum and backed by compressed cellulose and polyamide fibers coated with vacuum-deposited silver.

[0005] Given the prior technology mentioned above, it is clear that antimicrobial noble metals are widely used in healing wounds, especially in dressings. However, the use of these noble metals still focuses on the noble metal alone and at most, the noble metal in a form of an alloy or compound. There is no disclosure concerning the use of a noble metal carried on a carbonaceous material. Moreover, although the prior use can provide an antimicrobial effect, the microbes are only destroyed upon "coincidentally" coming into contact with the noble metal. Because of this, the noble metals merely provide a "passive" antimicrobial effect.

[0006] Moreover, as known by persons with ordinary skill in the art, the above-mentioned Snoble metals can only fight microbes in the presence of moisture. Therefore, for practical use, the medium must always be moist. If necessary, water is added to provide a moist environment. For example, according to US 6,692,773 B2, when a nanocrystalline noble t metal is coated onto a dressing for topical use on skin, the dressing must maintain a moist 00 condition for the noble metal to exhibit the desired efficacy (see column 6, line 64 to column S7, line 17). Consequently, US 6,692,773 B2 further discloses the preference for an absorbent layer in the dressing to hold in moisture for activating the noble metal (see said patent, column 5, lines 33 to 37). Such need of moisture for activating noble metals can also can be found in other references, such as the content published via the website, h t t p w w w. b u r n s u r g e r vy.org/Modules/ silver/images/section7b/Mid partial thickness3copy.j pg.

[0007] The present invention relates to another format of the therapeutic application of a noble metal with an antimicrobial effect. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can actively aggregate and then destroy microbes so as to effectively reduce, and even prevent, microbial infection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] According to the present invention, the carbonaceous material mentioned herein can be in the form of a powder, particle, fiber or sheet unless otherwise specified.

[0009] One object of the present invention is to provide a wound dressing comprising a carbonaceous material, a noble metal carried on a carbonaceous material, and, optionally, a flexible base layer. The carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, carbon, and a combination thereof, while the noble metal is selected from a group consisting of sliver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, nickel, cobalt, -4- Czinc, and a combination thereof. The dressing can optionally comprise other therapeutically active component(s).

Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention provides a wound dressing, comprising a carbonaceous material and two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous s material, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are 00 0 composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kit comprising the wound dressing S 10o of the present invention and a fixing element. The fixing element can be any device that fixes the wound dressing to the skin. For example, the fixing element could be tape, a bandage, or a patch.

Accordingly, a second aspect of the present invention provides a wound dressing of the first aspect of the present invention as defined above and a fixing element.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an antimicrobial composition, comprising a noble metal carried on a carbonaceous material, for topical use on skin. The carbonaceous materials is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, carbon, and a combination thereof, while the noble metal is selected from a group consisting of silver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and a combination thereof. Said composition can optionally comprise other therapeutically active components.

Accordingly, a third aspect of the present invention provides an antimicrobial composition for topical use on skins, comprising a carbonaceous material and an effective amount of two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous material, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc.

In the present invention, the use of an activated carbon or porous graphite as the carbonaceous material is preferred. It is believed that the activated carbon/porous graphite can aggregate and absorb microbes in its surface due to electrostatic interactions or van der Waal forces between the microbes and the surface of the activated carbon/porous graphite, as well as the bioaffinity of the activated carbon/porous graphite. Consequently, as compared with the passive effect of the prior art in which microbes are destroyed and killed only when "coincidentally" coming into contact with the noble metal, the embodiments of the present invention adopt an active manner in aggregating and destroying the microbes around the noble 1927750_ljjp metal to provide a superior antimicrobial effect. Moreover, in an embodiment that utilises activated carbon as the carbonaceous material, there is no need for adding moisture. In other words, as compared with the prior art that requires moisture and/or a moisture-holding component, such as an absorbent layer to activate the antimicrobial noble metal, the present invention provides a simpler way to attain the desired antimicrobial benefit.

SBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 00 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a patch.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the wound dressing of the io present invention, where the wound dressing is a patch.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a gauze. Figure 3A shows a partially enlarged top view of the gauze.

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of another further embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a band-aid.

Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view along line 5-5 in Figure 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

INVENTION

The wound dressing of the present invention comprises a carbonaceous material, two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous material wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc and, optionally, a flexible base layer.

The flexible base layer comprises a first surface and a second surface. The noble metalcarrying carbonaceous material is applied onto at least one portion of the first surface.

The flexible base layer in the wound dressing of the present invention can be porous or drug-impermeable. If a gauze or band-aid is desired, the flexible base is suitably composed of a porous material, preferably of a non-adhesive material. If a patch is desired, it is suitable to adopt a drug-impermeable base. Materials that are conventionally used for providing a wound dressing and meet the above porous or drug-impermeable requirements can be used in the present invention. The porous base can be prepared from, for example, but not limited to, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric, composed of one or more the following materials: natural fibre, polyolefin fibre, polyester fibre, polyurethane fibre, polyamide fibre, polycellulose fibre, and cotton fibre. Non-woven fabric is preferred. Polymers suitable for providing a drug- -6impermeable base comprise polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl dichloride, polyolefin ethylene Svinylacetate copolymer, polyethylene, and polypropylene), polyurea, and polyester polyethylene terephthalate). The drug-impermeable base can be a single polymer layer or film, or a laminate composed of multiple polymer layers.

The carbonaceous material in the wound dressing of the present invention is selected from t a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof. Activated 00 carbon or porous graphite is preferred. For example (but not limited to), activated carbon fibre, particulate or powder charcoal, porous graphite such as flexible graphite or extended graphite, and/or sheets obtained from the compression of powder and/or particulate activated carbon io and/or porous graphite can be used. The noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc.

Any suitable means, such as immersing, thermocracking, electroplating, electroless plating, or vacuum plating, can be used to carry the noble metal on the carbonaceous material.

Moreover, the noble metal can be carried on the carbonaceous material in any known form. To effectively release the noble metal ion with the antimicrobial activity, it is preferred for the noble metal particulate on the carbonaceous material to be no larger than 200 nm, preferably no larger than 100 nm, and most preferably no larger than 50 nm.

The preparation of a silver-carrying carbonaceous material is provided as an example for illustrating several processes which can be used in preparing a noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material useful in the present invention: 1927750 I Manner I: a. immersing in a solution of silver nitrate tt An activated carbon fiber is immersed in a solution of silver nitrate for 1 to 720 minutes to 00 Sreduce the silver on the surface of the activated carbon fiber, followed by drying to C remove the water phase. The pH of the silver nitrate solution is maintained as ranging 0 from 3 to 8. The drying is conducted at a temperature ranging from 25 0 C to 150C.

b. high-temperature thermocracking The silver-containing activated carbon fiber is placed in a high-temperature furnace, with a controlled temperature ranging from 120 0 C and 450°C for 5 to 120 minutes, to break the silver on the surface of the activated carbon fiber into ultra fine metal particles. To avoid the oxidization or podzolization of the activated carbon fiber, it is preferred for the high-temperature thermocracking to be conducted in a vacuum or in the presence of protective air such as nitrogen.

c. washing The high-temperature thermocracked silver-containing activated carbon fiber is washed with water for 1 minute to 600 hours to remove the excess silver on the surface of the activated carbon fiber. This step is followed by baking the washed, activated carbon fiber to produce a silver-carrying activated carbon fiber.

[0023] The silver-carrying activated carbon fiber prepared according to the above process has a BET specific surface of above 400 m 2 carbon content of above 50 wt%, silver content of above 0.001 wt% of the activated carbon fiber, and a density of above 1.8 g/m 3 The activated carbon fiber made from a material selected from a group consisting of 0polypropylene nitrile fiber, cellulose fiber, bitumen fiber, phenolic fiber, and a combination Sthereof can be used in the above process.

[0024] The relevant details of the above preparation process can be found in Taiwan (ROC) t Patent Publication No. 0059115 (TW0059115). Moreover, the preparation of a 00 Ssilver-carrying activated carbon fiber also can be found in JP 10-99678; T. A. Oya, T.

SWakahara, and S. Yoshida, Carbon, 31, 1243-1247, 1993; Fu, H. Zeng, and Y. Lu, "Studies on the Mechanisms of the Reaction of Activated Carbon Fibers with Oxidants," Carbon, 32(4), 593-598(1994); and Wang, Y. Y. Z. Wan, X. H. Dong, G. X. Cheng, H. M. Tao, and T. Y. Wen, "Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Viscose-based Activated Carbon Fiber Supporting Silver," Carbon, 36(11), 1567-1571(1998). The above documents are incorporated hereinto for reference.

Manner II: [0025] A triode electrochemical system is used, wherein the auxiliary electrode is titanium-plated platinum, the working electrode is graphite, and the reference electrode is made of reticular silver wires. The reference electrode is located above the working electrode. An electrolytic solution is formulated by dissolving AgNO 3 solids in water to attain a concentration of 0.001M. A graphite sheet, activated carbon fiber, carbon fiber, or graphite fiber is immersed in the electrolytic solution and is electroplated with an over-potential of-20mV in a pulsed electroplating manner. After 5 to 100 cycles, the surface of the graphite sheet, activated carbon fiber, carbon fiber or graphite fiber is plated with silver particles with a grain size of no more than 200 nm.

Manner III: [0026] A diode electrochemical system is used, wherein a graphite sheet is present on both the cathode and anode. A graphite sheet, activated carbon fiber, carbon fiber, or graphite

O

Sfiber is immersed in 0.001M of AgNO 3 electrolytic solution, and is electroplated with an electron current of -5mA for 10 seconds. The surface of the graphite sheet, activated carbon fiber, carbon fiber or graphite fiber is plated with silver particles with a grain size of no more than 200 nm.

00 O[0027] If the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material used in the wound dressing of the present invention is in the form of fiber, it can be used as fiber, cloth, felt, ribbon or yam.

OOptionally, woven fabrics silver-carrying activated carbon fabrics) or non-woven fabrics prepared from carbonaceous fibers or a fiber mixture containing carbonaceous fibers, or carbon papers prepared from carbonaceous fibers or a fiber mixture containing carbonaceous fibers and optional resin, can be directly used to provide the wound dressing of the present invention. It is then unnecessary to use a base layer. Moreover, the carbonaceous material can be blended into a polymeric material to provide one or more layers of the wound dressing like synthetic skin.

[0028] If the base layer of the wound dressing is a porous base, the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material can be continuously or discontinuously coated on at least one portion of the first surface of the base. Optionally, the carbonaceous material can be coated with an adhesive layer to directly adhere the dressing to the skin. For example (but not limited to), the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material can be mixed with a first adhesive component, so that the mixture is coated on the first surface of the mixture to enhance the bond between the carbonaceous material and the base. Therefore, if the mixture layer in the wound dressing comes into contact with the wound or the surrounding skin, an adhesive that does not stimulate the skin, preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive, is more suitable as the first adhesive. The first adhesive can also be coated on the first surface of the base, followed by applying the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material on the adhesive. If the carbonaceous material is a carbonaceous fiber fabric, such as cloth, the carbonaceous fiber fabric layer and the base layer can be combined using ultrasonic welding to laminate the two layers, or simply by adding an additional adhesive layer to bind the two layers. As a result,

O

Sthe wound dressing is provided in the form of a band-aid. An optional non-sticky film can be applied onto the carbonaceous material layer through an adhesive, so as to provide a more suitable environment for the recovery of the wound or the skin surrounding the wound. For example, the non-sticky film can prevent the carbonaceous material from sticking onto the wound due to the body fluid or pustule generated therefrom, and thus, can avoid the difficulty 00 Oof removing the dressing. The material of the non-sticky film is selected from those being non-sticky to the granulation tissues of skin, and can be selected from, for example, but not Slimited to, a group consisting of nylon, polyester, teflon, and a combination thereof.

[0029] If the base layer of the wound dressing is drug-impermeable, the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material can be directly applied onto at least one portion of the first surface of the base as a material layer of carbonaceous material. Optionally, the carbonaceous material can be coated with an adhesive layer to directly apply the dressing on the skin. In this respect, if the carbonaceous material is a carbonaceous fiber, the carbonaceous fiber can be applied onto at least one portion of the first surface of the base as a fabric layer. The carbonaceous fabric layer can be laminated to the base layer using ultrasonic welding. In this case, the carbonaceous fabric layer is composed of carbonaceous fiber and natural and/or synthetic fiber. It can also contain just the carbonaceous fiber.

Optionally, an additional adhesive layer can be used between the first surface of the base and the carbonaceous material layer to bind the carbonaceous material layer and the first surface.

Alternatively, the carbonaceous material layer can directly contain an adhesive. In this case, if the carbonaceous material layer in a wound dressing comes into contact with the wound or the surrounding skin, an adhesive that does not stimulate the skin, preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive, is more suitable. Moreover, the aforementioned non-sticky film can optionally be applied onto the carbonaceous material.

[0030] Pressure sensitive adhesives that are known to be commonly applied in wound dressings can be used in the present invention. For example, the pressure sensitive adhesives disclosed in US 4,675,009, US 4,696,854, US 5,536,263, US 5,741,510, US 5,972,377, and US 6,495,158 B1 can be used. The above patents are incorporated hereinto for reference.

SThe pressure sensitive adhesives useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following pressure sensitive adhesives for use in a percutaneous patch: acrylic, polyacrylate, siloxane, or polyisobutadiene. Preferably, the pressure sensitive adhesive is t made of medical acrylic glue.

00 S[0031] The wound dressing of the present invention can optionally comprise an absorbent pad with a first and second surface, wherein the carbonaceous material is applied onto at least one portion of said first surface. The absorbent pad can absorb blood, body fluid, and/or other body exudation to provide a more suitable environment for the recovery of the wound or the skin surrounding the wound. The material of the absorbent pad can be selected from a group consisting of: cotton, artificial cotton, polyester, nylon, other artificial fibers, and a combination thereof.

[0032] When the absorbent pad is used in the wound dressing of the present invention, an adhesive can be used to apply the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material (in the form of a powder, particle, fiber, fiber cloth/felt or sheet) to at least one portion of the first surface of the absorbent pad. Alternatively, the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material can be mixed with an adhesive, and then applied onto the first surface of the absorbent pad to provide the wound dressing of the present invention. It is then unnecessary to use a base layer. In this case, if the carbonaceous material layer in a wound dressing comes into contact with the wound or the skin surrounding the wound, an adhesive that does not stimulate the skin, preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive, is more suitable. The aforementioned non-sticky film can optionally be applied on the carbonaceous material layer. Furthermore, an adhesive can be coated onto at least one portion of the first surface of the base layer, while the base layer is combined with a composite layer comprising the carbonaceous material layer (carrying the noble metal) and the absorbent pad. This combination occurs by adhering the first layer of the base layer to the second surface of the absorbent pad. Alternatively, the composite layer can be laminated to the base layer using approaches such as ultrasonic welding. As a result, the wound dressing is provided in the form of a band-aid.

F [0033] An adhesive can be applied to the second surface of the absorbent pad, which does not have carbonaceous material, so as to stick the wound dressing of the present invention to other medical products a tape, a bandage, or a patch) or to the skin, clothes and/or t articles of patients.

00 [0034] The wound dressing of the present invention can optionally comprise other therapeutically active components to provide additional therapeutic benefits. The therapeutically active component can either be incorporated into the layer with the noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material, or exist individually in a separate layer. If the therapeutically active component and the carbonaceous material individually exist in separate drug layers, the layer containing the carbonaceous material may be placed between the base layer and the drug layer. In this case, the base layer can be, as mentioned above, a porous base with the carbonaceous material coated onto the base. Moreover, the drug layer can be the aforementioned adhesive layer that is coated onto the carbonaceous material layer but comprises the therapeutically active components. Preferably, the adhesive in the drug layer is a pressure sensitive adhesive component suitable for a percutaneous patch. Alternatively, the carbonaceous material layer can be inserted in between the two drug layers base layer, drug layer, carbonaceous material layer, and drug layer in order). The therapeutically active components and pressure sensitive adhesive components in the drug layers can either be the same or different.

[0035] Any therapeutically active component for healing skin wounds can be applied to the wound dressing of the present invention. For example (but not limited to), the therapeutically active component useful in the wound dressing of the present invention comprises an antifungal agent such as erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, cephalosporin, acrisorcin, haloprogin, iodochlorhydroxyquin, tolnaftate, and triacetin, as well as a drug component for trauma, burn, and scald such as centella asiatica, econazole nitrate, mafenide, mupirocin, and povidone iodine.

S[0036] Optionally, the wound dressing of the present invention can further comprise a protective layer on the exterior surface of the material layer which contains a pressure sensitive adhesive (the material layer can be a drug layer, a carbonaceous material layer, or a Sseparate adhesive layer) to protect the material. The protective layer can be a single material 00 Slayer or two material layers which partially overlap each other. Any known protective layers N, useful in wound dressings can be used in the present invention. For example (but not limited Sto), a film consisting of one or more the following materials can be used as the protective layer: polyurethane, nylon, polyamide, polycellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl dichloride, polyolefin ethylene vinylacetate copolymer, polyethylene, and polypropylene), polyurea, and polyester polyethylene terephthlate).

[0037] The known technology used in the wound dressing of the present invention is briefly mentioned to facilitate the explication of the present invention. The technical features and contents of the present invention will be further explained according to the drawings.

Nonetheless, the relevant drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportion, since they function to express the features of the present invention only.

[0038] Figure 1 shows a side view of an embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a patch for healing a wound. The patch (1) contains a base layer (10) with a first surface (11) and a second surface an antimicrobial layer (20) on said first surface and a protective layer (40) on said antimicrobial layer The antimicrobial layer (20) comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive (not depicted) and a silver-carrying carbonaceous material as well as an optional therapeutically active component (not depicted) for healing trauma, burn, or scald wounds. The carbonaceous material can be activated carbon, graphite, carbon, or a combination thereof; preferably, activated carbon, porous graphite, or a combination thereof. Some examples include (but are not limited to): activated carbon fiber, powder or particulate charcoal, and/or porous graphite such as flexible graphite or extended graphite. When using the patch the protective layer O(40) is torn from said antimicrobial layer (20) and then the patch is applied onto the (-i wound or injured portion of the body with the side containing the antimicrobial layer [0039] Figure 2 shows a side view of another embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention. The schematic patch contains a base layer (10) with a first surface (11) 00 Sand a second surface an antimicrobial layer (20) on said first surface a drug layer coated on said antimicrobial layer and a protective layer (40) on said drug layer OThe drug layer (50) contains a pressure sensitive adhesive (not depicted) and a therapeutically active component (not depicted) for healing burn and scald wounds. The antimicrobial layer is composed of a silver-carrying carbonaceous material and may also have an adhesive.

The carbonaceous material can be activated carbon, graphite, carbon, or a combination thereof, preferably, activated carbon, porous graphite, or a combination thereof. Some examples include (but are not limited to): activated carbon fiber, powder or particulate charcoal, and/or porous graphite such as flexible graphite or extended graphite. When using the patch the protective layer (40) is torn from said drug layer (50) and then the patch is applied onto the wound or injured portion of the body with the side containing the drug layer Optionally, another drug layer is placed between the base layer (10) and the antimicrobial layer [0040] Figure 3 shows a side view of another embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a gauze (100). Figure 3A is a partially enlarged top view of the gauze (100). As depicted in Figures 3 and 3A, the gauze (100) contains a fiber fabric base layer (110) that has a first surface (111), a second surface (112) and an antimicrobial coating (120) applied onto at least one portion of said first surface (Ill).

The antimicrobial coating (120) contains a silver-carrying carbonaceous material (not depicted) and a pressure sensitive adhesive (not depicted). The carbonaceous material can be activated carbon, graphite, carbon, or a combination thereof, preferably activated carbon, porous graphite, or a combination thereof. Some examples include (but are not limited to): activated carbon fiber, powder or particulate charcoal, and/or porous graphite such as flexible

O

Sgraphite or extended graphite. In this embodiment, when the silver-carrying carbonaceous material is carbonaceous fiber, the carbonaceous fiber can be directly incorporated into the fiber of the base layer (110). The carbonaceous fiber can also be directly used as the base layer (110), making it unnecessary to have an adhesive or even an additional fiber layer.

00 O[0041] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the wound dressing of the present invention, wherein the wound dressing is a band-aid (200). Figure 5 shows a Ocross-sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 4. As depicted in Figures 4 and 5, the band-aid N (200) contains a base layer (210) that has a first surface (211) and a second surface (212), a pressure sensitive adhesive (220) coated on said first surface (211), an antimicrobial fabric layer (230) preferably positioned on the center of the base layer (210), and two protective layers (240) which partially overlap each other. The antimicrobial fabric layer (230) is a gauze layer comprising a silver-carrying carbonaceous fiber, preferably, silver-carrying activated carbon fiber. Although the antimicrobial layer (230) is depicted by a gauze, the antimicrobial layer (230) can also be a flexible carbonaceous material sheet or a non-woven fabric or fiber paper containing silver-carrying carbonaceous fiber. Optionally, a drug layer (not depicted) with another drug component for healing trauma, burn, or scald wounds can be applied onto the antimicrobial layer (230) to provide additional therapeutic effects.

[0042] In the wound dressing of the present invention where the noble metal is carried on the activated carbon or porous graphite, the activated carbon/porous graphite actively absorbs and aggregates the microbes close to the wound dressing on its surface. The activated carbon/porous graphite-carried noble metal proceeds to destroy the absorbed/aggregated microbes to provide an aseptic condition for the wound, promote the wound occlusion, and reduce scarring. Moreover, in the case where the activated carbon is used to carry the noble metal, moisture does not need to be added to activate the noble metal because the activated carbon absorbs moisture itself (normally 5 to 20 With this simpler manner, the present invention is still able to attain the desired antimicrobial benefit.

0 [0043] The present invention also provides a kit comprising the wound dressing of the present invention and a fixing element. Any device that can locally fix the dressing can be used as the fixing element. For example (but not limited to), the fixing element could be tape, a bandage, or a patch.

00 S[0044] The present invention further provides an antimicrobial composition for topical use N on skin. The composition comprises a carbonaceous material and an effective amount of Snoble metal carried on the carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, carbon, or a combination thereof, preferably, activated carbon, porous graphite, or a combination thereof. Some examples include (but are not limited to): activated carbon fiber, powder or particulate charcoal, and/or porous graphite, such as flexible graphite or extended graphite. The noble metal is selected from a group consisting of silver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, zinc, and a combination thereof. Preferably, the noble metal is silver.

[0045] In the composition of the present invention, the amount of the noble metal carried on the carbonaceous material is not critical, as long as its amount can provide the desired antimicrobial benefits. In view of the weight of the noble metal per se, it is typically 0.0001 to 30 wt%, preferably, 0.001 to 10 wt% of the total weight of the composition. It is preferred that the noble metal is carried on a carbonaceous material in particulate form. To more effectively release the noble metal ions with antimicrobial activity, it is preferred for the carbonaceous material-carried particulate noble metal to have a grain size no larger than 200 nm, more preferably, no larger than 100 nm, and most preferably, no larger than 50 nm.

[0046] Optionally, the composition of the present invention further contains a therapeutically active component in a therapeutically effective amount. For example (but not limited to), the therapeutically active components comprise an antimicrobial agent, an antifungal agent, or other therapeutic components for trauma, burn, or scald wounds. For example (but not limited to), the composition of the present invention can optionally contain 0 0erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycion, cephalosporin, triclosan, phenoxy isopropanol, Schlorhexidine gludonate, povidone iodine, acrisorcin, haloprogin, iodochlorhydroxyquin, tolnaftate, triacetin, centella asiatica, econazole nitrate, mafenide, mupirocin, and/or povidone iodine.

oO S[0047] In addition to the active components, the composition of the present invention can N, further contain a non-toxic, pharmaceutically and skin acceptable carrier, diluent, and t"- 0 excipient suitable for topical use. The carrier, diluent, excipient, and the standard doses of known pharmacological agents can be found in US 6,692,773 B2. The contents are incorporated hereinto for reference.

[0048] The composition for topical use of the present invention can be in various dosage forms, such as gel, paste, ointment, cream, emulsion, or suspension. The noble metal-carrying carbonaceous material can be mixed with the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient and other optional active components under aseptic conditions to provide the desired dosage form. For example (but not limited to), a suitable thickener or gelling agent is added to the aqueous or oil base to formulate a facial mask, ointment, or cream. Water can be used as the aqueous base. Depending upon the inherent properties of the base, aluminum stearate and hydrogenated lanolin can be used as a thickener. Starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivative, polyethylene glycol, silicones, bentonite, silicic acid, talc, or a mixture thereof can be used as the excipient to provide the composition of the present invention in the form of paste, ointment, cream, or gel.

[0049] It should be noted that the major difference between the present invention and the prior art lies in that the noble metal, which has an antimicrobial characteristic, is used in the present invention in the form of a carbonaceous material-carried noble metal. With the use of activated carbon and its ability to absorb moisture itself, the composition of the present invention can activate the noble metal to provide an antimicrobial benefit without adding moisture. Moreover, using activated carbon/porous graphite as the carbonaceous material due to its ability to aggregate microbes, the present invention improves the "passive" Scharacteristic presented by the prior art, in which the noble metal only kills the microbes upon contact. That is, the present invention actively destroys microbes. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for use in situations known in the prior art where the noble metals are t topically used on skins to destroy microbes and inhibit their growth, so as to provide a 00 Ssuperior antimicrobial benefit.

S[0050] Although the present invention has been disclosed above, the disclosure does not limit the present invention. Persons having ordinary skill in the art can make any changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Consequently, the scope of protection of the present invention is based on the claims attached.

Claims

1. A wound dressing, comprising a carbonaceous material and two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous material, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group t consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc. 00

2. The dressing according to claim 1, wherein the porous graphite is selected from a group consisting of flexible graphite, extended graphite, and a combination thereof.

3. The dressing according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said two or more noble io metals have a grain size of no larger than 200 nm.

4. The dressing according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a flexible base layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said noble metals-carrying carbonaceous material is coated on at least one portion of said first surface.

The dressing according to claim 4, wherein the noble metals-carrying carbonaceous material is attached to the first surface with a first adhesive.

6. The dressing according to claim 4 or claim 5, further comprising a second adhesive coated on the carbonaceous material.

7. The dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an absorbent pad having a first surface and a second surface, wherein said noble metals-carrying carbonaceous material is coated on at least one portion of said first surface of the absorbent pad.

8. The dressing according to claim 7, further comprising a non-sticky film on the carbonaceous material and/or a flexible base layer having a first surface and a second surface wherein said absorbent pad is coated on at least one portion of said first surface of the flexible base layer.

9. The dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a therapeutically active component.

The dressing according to claim 9, wherein said therapeutically active component is selected from a group consisting of erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, cephalosporin, acrisorcin, haloprogin, iodochlorhydroxyquin, tolnaftate, triacetin, centella asiatica, econazole nitrate, mafenide, mupirocin, povidone iodine, and combinations thereof.

11. The dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the dressing is woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or synthetic skin.

12. The dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the carbonaceous material is in a from selected from a group consisting of powder, particle, fibre, sheet, and a combination thereof. 1927750_1 jjp

13. A kit comprising a wound dressing according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and a N fixing element.

,14. The kit according to claim 13, wherein the fixing element is a tape, a bandage or a patch.

15. An antimicrobial composition for topical use on skins, comprising a carbonaceous t material and an effective amount of two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous 00 0 material, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, ito copper and zinc.

16. The antimicrobial composition according to claim 15, wherein the porous graphite is selected from a group consisting of flexible graphite, extended graphite, and a combination thereof.

17. The antimicrobial composition according to claim 16, wherein said two or more noble metals have a grain size of no larger than 200 nm.

18. The antimicrobial composition according to claim 17, further comprising a therapeutically active component.

19. The antimicrobial composition according to claim 18, wherein the therapeutically active component is selected from a group consisting of erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, cephalosporin, acrisorcin, haloprogin, iodochlorhydroxyquin, tolnaftate, triacetin, centella asiatica, econazole nitrate, mafenide, mupirocin, povidone iodine, and combinations thereof.

The antimicrobial composition according to claim 19, for use in a facial mask.

21. A wound dressing comprising a carbonaceous material and two or more noble metals carried on the carbonaceous material, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, porous graphite and a combination thereof, and said two or more noble metals are composed of silver and metal(s) selected from a group consisting of palladium, platinum, copper and zinc, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated 20 January, 2009 Feng Chia University Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON 1927750 1