AU2003218249A1 - Mild antibacterial liquid dish cleaning compositions containing peroxide - Google Patents

Description

WO 03/080782 PCT/US03/08363 MILD ANTIBACTERIAL LIQUID DISH CLEANING COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING PEROXIDE HAVING IMPROVED STABILITY AND STAIN REMOVAL BENEFITS 5 Field of Invention 10 This invention relates to a mild antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition of high active surfactant level containing APG and higher betaine levels and hydrogen peroxide, having improved stability which is designed to disinfect and remove stains, from the surface been treated while maintaining good foaming grease cutting, rinsing and mildness properties. 15 Background of the Invention The present invention relates to novel light duty liquid detergent compositions containing APG and higher betaine levels, and hydrogen peroxide with an improved stability profile and high foaming and good grease cutting properties as well as disinfecting properties. 20 The prior art is replete with light duty liquid detergent compositions containing nonionic surfactants in combination with anionic and/or betaine surfactants wherein the nonionic detergent is not the major active surfactant. In U.S. Patent No. 3,658,985 an anionic based shampoo contains a minor amount of a fatty acid alkanolamide. U.S. Patent No. 3,769,398 discloses a betaine-based shampoo containing minor amounts of 25 nonionic surfactants. This patent states that the low foaming properties of nonionic detergents renders its use in shampoo compositions non-preferred. U.S. Patent No. 4,329,335 also discloses a shampoo containing a betaine surfactant as the major ingredient and minor amounts of a nonionic surfactant and of a fatty acid mono- or di ethanolamide. U.S. Patent No. 4,259,204 discloses a shampoo comprising 0.8 to 20% WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 2 by weight of an anionic phosphoric acid ester and one additional surfactant which may be either anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic. U.S. Patent No. 4,329,334 discloses an anionic-amphoteric based shampoo containing a major amount of anionic surfactant and lesser amounts of a betaine and nonionic surfactants. 5 U.S. Patent No. 3,935,129 discloses a liquid cleaning composition containing an alkali metal silicate, urea, glycerin, triethanolamine, an anionic detergent and a nonionic detergent. The silicate content determines the amount of anionic and/or nonionic detergent in the liquid cleaning composition. However, the foaming properties of these detergent compositions are not discussed therein. 10 U.S. Patent No. 4,129,515 discloses a heavy duty liquid detergent for laundering fabrics comprising a mixture of substantially equal amounts of anionic and nonionic surfactants, alkanolamines and magnesium salts, and, optionally, zwitterionic surfactants as suds modifiers. U.S. Patent No. 4,224,195 discloses an aqueous detergent composition for 15 laundering socks or stockings comprising a specific group of nonionic detergents, namely, an ethylene oxide of a secondary alcohol, a specific group of anionic detergents, namely, a sulfuric ester salt of an ethylene oxide adduct of a secondary alcohol, and an amphoteric surfactant which may be a betaine, wherein either the anionic or nonionic surfactant may be the major ingredient. 20 The prior art also discloses detergent compositions containing all nonionic surfactants as shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,154,706 and 4,329,336 wherein the shampoo compositions contain a plurality of particular nonionic surfactants in order to affect desirable foaming and detersive properties despite the fact that nonionic surfactants are usually deficient in such properties. 25 U.S. Patent No. 4,013,787 discloses a piperazine based polymer in conditioning and shampoo compositions which may contain all nonionic surfactant or all anionic surfactant. U.S. Patent No. 4,450,091 discloses high viscosity shampoo compositions containing a blend of an amphoteric betaine surfactant, a WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 3 polyoxybutylenepolyoxyethylene nonionic detergent, an anionic surfactant, a fatty acid alkanolamide and a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty ester. But, none of the exemplified compositions contain an active ingredient mixture wherein the nonionic detergent is present in major proportion which is probably due to the low foaming properties of the 5 polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent. U.S. Patent No. 4,595,526 describes a composition comprising a nonionic surfactant, a betaine surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a C 12

-C

14 fatty acid monoethanolamide foam stabilizer. U.S. Patent 6,147,039 teaches an antibacterial hand cleaning composition 10 having a low surfactant content. Summary of the Invention It has now been found that a mild, antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition containing APG and higher betaine levels, and hydrogen peroxide having improved stability can be formulated with three different anionic surfactants, a zwitterionic 15 surfactant, an alkyl glucoside surfactant, a hydroxy aliphatic acid, a solubilizer, a preservative, and water which has desirable cleaning and foaming properties. An object of this invention is to provide an antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition which comprises a sulfate surfactant, two sulfonate anionic surfactants, a zwitterionic surfactant, an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, a solubilizer, a hydroxy 20 aliphatic acid, hydrogen peroxide, a preservative and water, wherein the composition does not contain any amine oxide, peracetic acid, polyethylene glycol, glycol ether, silicas, abrasives, acyl isoethionate, 2-hydroxy-4,2',4'-trichloridiphenyl ether, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, boric acid, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant, cyclic imidinium surfactant, or more than 3 25 wt. % of a fatty acid or salt thereof. Another object of this invention is to provide a mild antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition having improved stability and with desirable high foaming and cleaning properties which kills bacteria and removes stains from surfaces.

WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 4 Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained 5 by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Detailed Description of the Invention This invention relates to an antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition with stain removal properties, which comprises approximately by weight: 10 (a) 1% to 9% of a sodium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; (b) 4% to 16% of a magnesium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; (c) 4% to 16% of an ammonium or sodium salt of an ethoxylated C8-C18 15 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; (d) 0.1% to 8% of a zwitterionic surfactant; (e) 0.5% to 5%, more preferably 0.5% to 4% of a hydroxy containing organic acid; (f) 5% to 15% of an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant; 20 (g) 0.1% to 10%, more preferably 0.5% to 10% of at least one solubilizer; (h) 0.005% to 3.0% of a preservative; (i) 0.1% to 5%, more preferably 0.2% to 4%of hydrogen peroxide; and (j) the balance being color, fragrance, UV absorber and water, wherein the composition has a pH of 3 to 4.5 and has a viscosity of 200 to 800 cps, more preferably 25 200 to 600 cps at 250C using a #21 spindle at 20 rpm as measured on a Brookfield RVTDV-ll viscometer, wherein the composition does not contain any grease release agents such as choline chloride or buffering system which is a nitrogerious buffer which is ammonium or alkaline earth carbonate, amine oxide surfactants, peracetic acid, polyethylene glycol, glycol ether, guanidine derivates, alkoxylalkyl amines and WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 5 alkyleneamines C3-C7 alkyl and alkenyl monobasic and dibasic acids such as C4-C 7 aliphatic carboxylic diacids which do not contain a hydroxy group, boric acid, phosphoric acid, ethoxylated nonionic surfactants and amino alkylene phosphonic acid. The anionic sulfonate surfactants which may be used in the detergent of this 5 invention are selected from the consisting of water soluble and include the sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and ethanolammonium salts of linear C8-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonates; C1 0-C20 paraffin sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates containing about 10-24 carbon atoms and C8-C1 8 alkyl sulfates and mixtures thereof. The paraffin sulfonates may be monosulfonates or di-sulfonates and usually are 10 mixtures thereof, obtained by sulfonating paraffins of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferred paraffin sulfonates are those of C12-18 carbon atoms chains, and more preferably they are of C14-17 chains. Paraffin sulfonates that have the sulfonate group(s) distributed along the paraffin chain are described in U.S. Patents 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,744; and 3,372,188; and also in German Patent 735,096. Such compounds may 15 be made to specifications and desirably the content of paraffin sulfonates outside the C14-17 range will be minor and will be minimized, as will be any contents of di- or poly sulfonates. Examples of suitable other sulfonated anionic detergents are the well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates, such as the higher alkylbenzene 20 sulfonates containing 9 to 18 or preferably 9 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, or C8-15 alkyl toluene sulfonates. A preferred alkylbenzene sulfonate is a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate having a higher content of 3 phenyl (or higher) isomers and a correspondingly lower content (well below 50%) of 2 phenyl (or lower) isomers, such as those sulfonates wherein the benzene ring is 25 attached mostly at the 3 or higher (for example 4, 5, 6 or 7) position of the alkyl group and the content of the isomers in which the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1 position is correspondingly low. Preferred materials are set forth in U.S. Patent 3,320,174, especially those in which the alkyls are of 10 to 13 carbon atoms. The C8-18 ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactants have the structure WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 6 - + R-(OCHCH2)nOSO3 M wherein n is about 1 to about 22 more preferably 1 to 3 and R is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 15 and natural cuts, for 5 example, C12-14 or C12-16 and M is an ammonium cation or a metal cation, most preferably sodium. The ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate may be made by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide and C8-10 alkanol, and neutralizing the resultant product. The ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates differ from one another in the number of carbon 10 atoms in the alcohols and in the number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of such alcohol. Preferred ethoxylated alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates contain 12 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohols and in the alkyl groups thereof, e.g., sodium myristyl (3 EO) sulfate. Ethoxylated C8-18 alkylphenyl ether sulfates containing from 2 to 6 moles of 15 ethylene oxide in the molecule are also suitable for use in the invention compositions. These detergents can be prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol with 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide and sulfating and neutralizing the resultant ethoxylated alkylphenol. The concentration of the ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactant is about 1 to about 8 wt. %. 20 The water-soluble zwitterionic surfactant, which is an essential ingredient of present liquid detergent composition, provides good foaming properties and mildness to the present nonionic based liquid detergent. The zwitterionic surfactant is a water soluble betaine having the general formula: R2 25 R1---- R4- COO R3 30 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, or the amido radical: WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 7 0 H R-CH2)a - wherein R is an alkyl group having 9 to 19 carbon atoms and a is the integer 1 to 4; R 2 5 and R 3 are each alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons and preferably 1 carbon; R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and, optionally, one hydroxyl group. Typical alkyldimethyl betaines include decyl dimethyl betaine or 2-(N decyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonia) acetate, coco dimethyl betaine or 2-(N-coco N, N dimethylammonio) acetate, myristyl dimethyl betaine, palmityl dimethyl betaine, lauryl 10 diemethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine, etc. The amidobetaines similarly include cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine and the like. A preferred betaine is coco (C 8

-C

1 8) amidopropyl dimethyl betaine. The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants, which are used in conjunction with the aforementioned surfactants have a hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to about 15 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, most preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and polysaccharide hydrophilic group containing from about 1.5 to about 10, preferably from about 1.5 to about 4, most preferably from about 1.6 to about 2.7 saccharide units (e.g., galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of saccharide moieties 20 may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. The number x indicates the number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. For a particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule x can only assume integral values. In any physical sample of alkyl polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general molecules having different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the average 25 value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. In this specification the values of x are to be understood to be average values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4- positions rather than at the 1-position, (thus giving e.g. a glucosyl or galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside). However, attachment through the 1- position, i.e., glucosides, galactoside, fructosides, etc., is 30 preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are predominately WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 8 attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2-position. Attachment through the 3-, 4-, and 6- positions can also occur. Optionally and less desirably there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide chain. The preferred alkoxide moiety is ethoxide. 5 Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from about 8 to about 20, preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxide chain can contain up to about 30, preferably less than about 10, alkoxide 10 moieties. Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls and/or galactosyls and mixtures thereof. 15 The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. The use of alkyl monosaccharides in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred mode of carrying out the invention. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow 20 alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides. The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the formula R20(CnH2nO)r(Z)x wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which said 25 alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, preferable 0; and x is from 1.5 to 8, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7. To prepare these compounds a long chain alcohol (R2OH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 9 can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (R1OH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (C1 -6) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to 5 yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain alcohol (R2OH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desired alkyl polyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chain alkylglucosde content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material should be less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than about 5%, most preferably 0% of the alkyl 10 polyglucoside. The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%, more preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkyl polysaccharide. For some uses it is desirable to have the alkyl monosaccharide content less than about 10%. 15 The used herein, "alkyl polysaccharide surfactant" is intended to represent both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification, "alkyl polyglucoside" is used to include alkyl polyglycosides because the stereochemistry of the saccharide moiety is changed during the preparation reaction. 20 An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG 625 glycoside manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA. APG25 is a nonionic alkyl polyglycoside characterized by the formula: CnH2n+10 O(C6H 1005)xH wherein n=10 (2%); n=122 (65%); n=14 (21-28%); n=16 (4-8%) and n=18 (0.5%) and x 25 (degree of polymerization) = 1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6 to 10 (10% of APG 625 in distilled water); a specific gravity at 25°C of 1.1 g/ml; a density at 250C of 9.1 lbs/gallon; a calculated HLB of 12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 350C, 21 spindle, 5-10 RPM of 3,000 to 7,000 cps.

WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 10 The hydroxy containing organic acid is ortho hydroxy benzoic acid or preferably a hydroxy aliphatic acid selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid and glycolic and mixtures thereof, wherein citric acid is preferred. The instant light duty liquid nonmicroemulsion compositions can contain about 0 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, more preferably about 1 wt. % to about 8 wt. %, of at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of a C2-5 mono, dihydroxy or polyhydroxy alkanols such as ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and hexylene glycol and mixtures thereof and alkali metal cumene or xylene sulfonates such as sodium cumene sulfonate and sodium xylene 10 sulfonate. The solubilizing agents are included in order to control low temperature cloud clear properties. The instant formulas explicitly exclude alkali metal silicates and alkali metal builders such as alkali metal polyphosphates, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal phosphonates and alkali metal citrates because these materials, if used in the instant 15 composition, would cause the composition to have a high pH as well as leaving residue on the surface being cleaned. The final essential ingredient in the inventive compositions having improved interfacial tension properties is water. The proportion of water in the compositions generally is in the range of 10% to 95%. 20 The liquid cleaning composition of this invention may, if desired, also contain other components either to provide additional effect or to make the product more attractive to the consumer. The following are mentioned by way of example: Colors or dyes in amounts up to 0.5% by weight; bactericides in amounts up to 1% by weight; UV absorbents, or antioxidizing agents, and pH adjusting agents, such as sulfuric acid or 25 sodium hydroxide, as needed. Furthermore, if opaque compositions are desired, up to 4% by weight of an opacifier may be added. Preservatives which can be used in the instant compositions at a concentration of 0.005 wt. % to 3 wt. %, more preferably 0.01 wt. % to 2.5 wt. % are: benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride,5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3dioxane; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane- WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 11 1,3-diol; alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxy methyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidaxolidinyl-N'-(hydroxy methyl) urea; 1-3-dimethyol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; formaldehyde; iodopropyni butyl carbamata, butyl paraben; ethyl paraben; methyl paraben; propyl paraben, mixture of methyl isothiazolinone/methyl 5 chloroisothiazoline in a 1:3 wt. ratio; mixture of phenoxythanol/butyl paraben/methyl paraben/propylparaben; 2-phenoxyethanol; tris-hydroxyethyl-hexahydrotriazine; methylisothiazolinone; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 1,2-dibromo-2, 4 dicyanobutane; 1-(3-chloroalkyl)-3,5,7-triaza-azoniaadamantane chloride; and sodium benzoate. PH adjusting agents such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide can be used 10 as needed. In final form, the instant compositions exhibit stability at reduced and increased temperatures. More specifically, such compositions remain clear and stable in the range of 0oC to 500C, especially 50C to 430C. Such compositions exhibit a pH of 3 to 5. 15 The following examples illustrate the liquid body cleaning compositions of the described invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are by weight. The exemplified compositions are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the proportions in the examples and elsewhere in the specification are by weight. 20 The instant compositions have a minimum foam volume of 350mls after 40 rotations at room temperature as measured by the foam volume test using 0.0333 wt. % of the Ultra composition in 150 ppm of water. The Shake foam test is an inverted cylinder test in which 100 gr. of a 0.0333 wt. % LDL formula in 150 ppm of H20 is placed in a stoppered graduate cylinder (500 ml) and inverted 40 cycles at a rate of 30 25 cycles/minute. After 40 inversions, the foam volume which has been generated is measured in mis inside the graduated cylinder. This value includes the 100 ml of LDL solution inside the cylinder. After the initial volume is measured, 175 microliters of whole milk is added to the solution. The cylinder is then inverted for another 40 cycles and a foam volume with soil is measured; the foam volume after the soil addition is at WO 03/080782 PCT/USO3/08363 12 least 130mls. The values provided above include the 100 ml's of LDL solution inside the cylinder. Example 1 The following compositions are listed as a wt. %. The physical properties and 5 appearance (i.e. viscosity, cloud point, color) are unchanged upon aging in extreme temperature conditions. A B C MgLas 9 9 9 NaLas 3 3 3 AEOS 1.3EO 11.5 11.5 11.5 APG 9.5 9.5 9.5 Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 5 5 Glycoserve LAD 0.11 0.11 0.11 SXS 3.5 3.5 3.5 Ethanol 1.3 1.3 1.3 Citric acid 1 - Lactic acid - 1.4 Hydrogen peroxide 0.5 0.5 0.5 Tinogard-TL (UV absorber) 0.05 0.05 0.05 Perfume 0.45 0.45 0.45 Water balance balance balance PH 3.2-3.6 3.2-3.6 6.8 % stain removal (10%conc. 15min 33.1 32.5 12.5 soaking time) % peroxide loss, 3 days@ 135F 14% 18% % peroxide loss, 2 weeks@135F 45% 64% Not applicable The stain removal was determined on commercially available tea stained 10 melamine tiles fabricated by Test Fabrics Corp. The % removal was measured by a Photovolt meter for quantitative results. A solution of either 1% or 10% dish liquid was tested at room temperature and the soaking time was equal to 1 hour. The experimental conditions can be varied between 15 minutes and 1 hour soaking time, Room Temperature or 115oF. The dilution can also be lowered to 15 1%. In addition to tea tiles, coffee tiles can be used to exhibit the superiority in stain removal

Claims (1)

1. A mild antibacterial liquid dish cleaning composition with stain removal properties which comprises approximately by weight: (a) 1% to 9% of a sodium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 5 surfactant; (b) 4% to 16% of a magnesium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant; (c) 4% to 16% of an ammonium or sodium salt of an ethoxylated C8-C18 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; 10 (d) 0.1% to 8% of a zwitterionic surfactant; (e) 0.5% to 5% of a hydroxy containing organic acid; (f) 5% to 15% of an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant; (g) 0.1% to 10% of at least one solubilizer; (h) 0.005% to 3.0% of a preservative; 15 (i) 0.1% to 5% of hydrogen peroxide; and (j) the balance being color, perfume, UV absorber and water, wherein the composition has a pH of 3 to 4 and has a viscosity of 100 to 1,000 cps at 250C using a #21 spindle at 20 rpm as measured on a Brookfield RVTDV-II viscometer. 20