AU2002313773A1 - Theurapeutic tropane compounds - Google Patents
Theurapeutic tropane compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- AU2002313773A1 AU2002313773A1 AU2002313773A AU2002313773A AU2002313773A1 AU 2002313773 A1 AU2002313773 A1 AU 2002313773A1 AU 2002313773 A AU2002313773 A AU 2002313773A AU 2002313773 A AU2002313773 A AU 2002313773A AU 2002313773 A1 AU2002313773 A1 AU 2002313773A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- azabicyclo
- carbomethoxy
- methyl
- octane
- hydroxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000003813 tropane derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 94
- 102000006441 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 65
- 108010044266 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 65
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 102000019208 Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 30
- 108010012996 Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 30
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 29
- 229930004006 tropane Natural products 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 tropane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 18
- XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N tropane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 101710164184 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 102100034333 Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000035231 inattentive type attention deficit hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004189 3,4-dichlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(Cl)C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002825 dopamine reuptake Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000022497 Cocaine-Related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010013654 Drug abuse Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000008092 Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010049586 Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000001272 cocaine abuse Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 101100295738 Gallus gallus COR3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RIQAHPABWXDXKL-KGLIPLIRSA-N (1r,5s)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Chemical compound C1([C@@]23CC[C@@](CCC2)(N3C)[H])=CC=C(F)C=C1 RIQAHPABWXDXKL-KGLIPLIRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001207 fluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 22
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- QUSLQENMLDRCTO-YJNKXOJESA-N win 35428 Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](N3C)[C@H]2C(=O)OC)=CC=C(F)C=C1 QUSLQENMLDRCTO-YJNKXOJESA-N 0.000 description 16
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound O1CC2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2C1(CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N (1s,2s,3r,4r)-3-[[5-chloro-2-[(1-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3h-1-benzazepin-7-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)CCCC2=C(OC)C(NC=3N=C(C(=CN=3)Cl)N[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@]4([H])C[C@@]3(C=C4)[H])C(N)=O)=CC=C21 GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229940125758 compound 15 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000009625 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000282560 Macaca mulatta Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000006289 Rett Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000035317 Total hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000000323 Tourette Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000016620 Tourette disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003569 transporter assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N (R)-fluoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 2-amino-9-[(1S,6R,8R,9S,10R,15R,17R,18R)-8-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-9,18-difluoro-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-bis(sulfanylidene)-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.2.1.06,10]octadecan-17-yl]-1H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@@H]3COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]3F)O[C@H]([C@H]4F)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)C(=O)N1 YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 2
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- 241000282567 Macaca fascicularis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-yne Chemical compound CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AMIHUYQKNJHXPT-DRABBMOASA-N methyl (1s,3s,4s,5r)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@]3(CC[C@@](C2)(N3C)[H])[H])C(=O)OC)=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 AMIHUYQKNJHXPT-DRABBMOASA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZGFWYKMIWJOHRA-TZIWHRDSSA-N (1r,5r)-5-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Chemical compound O([C@]12CC[C@@H](CCC2)N1C)C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGFWYKMIWJOHRA-TZIWHRDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GTQLIPQFXVKRKJ-UNSMHXHVSA-N altropane Chemical compound C1([C@H]2C[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](N3C\C=C\I)[C@H]2C(=O)OC)=CC=C(F)C=C1 GTQLIPQFXVKRKJ-UNSMHXHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-L aspartate group Chemical group N[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical group OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
THERAPEUTIC TROPANE COMPOUNDS
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
This invention was made with government support under Grant Numbers DA 11542, DA 7-8081, DA 1-8825, DA06303, DA 00304 and RR 00168 awarded by the NIH/NIDA. The government has certain rights in the invention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to therapeutic uses of boat tropane analogs, e.g., treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in physiological, pharmacological and pathological processes in brain. The transport system is a primary mechanism for terminating the effects of synaptic dopamine, thereby contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in dopamine systems. It also appears to be a principal target of cocaine in the brain. (Kennedy and Hanbauer, J. Neurochem. 1983, 41, 172-178; Shoemaker et al., Naunyn-Schmeideberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 1985, 329, 227-235; Reith et al., Biochem Pharmacol 1986, 35, 1123-1129; Ritz et al., Science 1987, 237, 1219-1223; Madras et al., J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 1989a, 251, 131-141; Bergman et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1989, 251, 150-155; Madras and Kaufman, Synapse 1994, 18, 261-275). Furthermore, the dopamine transporter may be a conduit for entry of neurotoxins into dopamine containing cells. The striatum has the highest levels of dopamine terminals in the brain. A high density of DAT is localized on dopamine neurons in the striatum and appears to be a marker for a number of physiological and pathological states. For example, in Parkinson's disease, dopamine is severely reduced and the depletion of DAT in the striatum has been an indicator for Parkinson's disease (Schoemaker et al., Naunyn- Schmeideberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 1985, 329, 227-235; Kaufman and Madras, Synapse 1991, 9, 43-49). Consequently, early or presymptomatic diagnosis
of Parkinson's disease can be achieved by the quantitative measurement of DAT depletion in the striatum. (Kaufman and Madras, Synapse 1991, 9, 43- 49).
Other neuropsychiatric disorders, including Tourette's Syndrome and Lesch Nyhan Syndrome and possibly Rett's syndrome, are also marked by changes in DAT density. The DAT also is the target of the most widely used drug for Attention Deficit Disorder, methylphenidate. Other diseases, e.g., depression, can be affected. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), the contents of which are incorporated by reference. Furthermore, an age-related decline in dopamine neurons can be reflected by a decline in the dopamine transporter (Kaufman and Madras, Brain Res. 1993, 611, 322-328; van Dyck et al., J. Nucl. Med. 1995, 36, 1175-1181) and may provide a view on dopamine deficits that lie outside the realm of neuropsychiatric diseases. The density of the DAT in the brains of substance abusers has also been shown to deviate from that in normal brain. For example, the density is elevated in post-mortem tissues of cocaine abusers (Little et al., Brain Res. 1993, 628, 17-25). On the other hand, the density of the DAT in chronic nonviolent alcohol abusers is decreased markedly. (Tiihonen et al., Nature Medicine 1995, 1, 654-657). Cocaine dependence is a problem of national significance. To date no cocaine pharmacotherapy has been reported. Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the mammalian central nervous system. Its reinforcing properties and stimulant effects are associated with its propensity to bind to monoamine transporters, particularly the dopamine transporter (DAT). (Kennedy, L. T. and I. Hanbauer (1983), J. Neurochem. 34: 1137-1144; Kuhar, M. J., M. C. Ritz and J. W. Boja (1991), Trends Neurosci. 14: 299-302; Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J. Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R. D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 131-141; Madras, B. K., J. B. Kamien, M. Fahey, D. Canfield, et al. (1990), Pharmacol Biochem. Behav. 35: 949-953; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H. Sershen and A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129; Ritz, M. C, R. J. Lamb, S. R. Goldberg and M. J. Kuhar (1987), Science 237: 1219-1223; Schoemaker, H., C. Pimoule, S. Arbilla, B. Scatton, F. Javoy-Agid and S. Z. Langer (1985), Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 329: 227-235.) It also binds with substantial potency to serotonin transporters (SERT) and norepinephrine transporters.
Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies have largely focused on a series of cocaine analogs. Among the more potent of these congeners at 3H- cocaine binding sites in striatum (Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J. Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R. D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 131-141; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H. Sershen and A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129) is (lR)-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane-2β- carboxylic acid methyl ester, (WIN35,428 or CFT) (Kaufman, M. J. and B. K. Madras (1992), Synapse 12: 99-111; Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J. Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R. D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 131-141) reported in 1973 (Clarke, R. L., S. J. Daum, A. J.
Gambino, M. D. Aceto, et al. (1973), J. Med. Chem. 16: 1260-1267). This compound was subsequently radiolabeled to provide a selective probe for the DAT in primate brain. (Canfield, D. R., R. D. Spealman, M. J. Kaufman and B. K. Madras (1990), Synapse 6: 189-195; Kaufman, M. J. and B. K. Madras (1991), Synapse 9: 43-49; Kaufman, M. J., R. D. Spealman and B. K. Madras (1991), Synapse 9: 177-187.)
Accordingly, a pharmaceutical that binds to the DAT can assist in the treatment of these various disease states.
Among the most potent tropane inhibitors of monoamine binding sites in striatum are 3β-{4-(l-methylethenyl)-phenyl} -2β-propanoyl-8-azabicyclo (3.2. l)octane and 3β-(2-naphthyl)-2β-propanoyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2. l)octane, (Bennett, B. A., C. H. Wichems, C. K. Hollingsworth, H. M. L. Davies, C. Thornley, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1995), J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 272: 1176-1186; Davies, H. M. L., L. A. Kuhn, C. Thornley, J. J. Matasi, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 2554-2558) (1R)-RTI55 (βCIT), (Boja 1991; Boja, J. W., A. Patel, F. I. Carroll, M. A. Rahman, et al. (1991), Ear. J. Pharmacol 194: 133-134; Neumeyer, J. L., S. Wang, R. A. Milius, R. M. Baldwin, et al. (1991), J. Med. Chem. 34: 3144-3146) (li?)-RTI121, (Carroll, F. I., A. H. Lewin, J. W. Boja and M. J. Kuhar (1992), J. Med. Chem. 35: 969-981.) and (lR)-3β-(3,4-di-chlorophenyl)- tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (O-401), (Carroll, F. I., M. A. Kuzemko and Y. Gao (1992), Med. Chem Res. 1: 382-387; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang, A.-L. Brownell, D. R. Elmaleh and B. K. Madras (1993), J. Med. Chem. 36: 855-862). SAR studies of the binding of these agents and their effects on monoamine transporter function have been reported. (Blough, B. E., P.
Abraham, A. H. Lewin, M. J. Kuhar, J. W. Boja and F. I. Carroll (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 4027-4035; Carroll, F. I., P. Kotian, A. Dehghani, J. L. Gray, et al. (1995), J. Med. Chem. 38: 379-388; Carroll, F. I., A. H. Lewin, J. W. Boja and M. J. Kuhar (1992),y J. Med. Chem. 35: 969-981; Carroll, F. I., S. W. Mascarella, M. A. Kuzemko, Y. Gao, et al. (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37:
2865-2873; Chen, Z., S. Izenwasser, J. L. Katz, N. Zhu, C. L. Klein and M. L. Trudell (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 4744-4749; Davies, H. M. L., L. A. Kuhn, C. Thornley, J. J. Matasi, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 2554-2558; Davies, H. M. L., Z.-Q. Peng and J. H. Houser (1994), Tetrahedron Lett. 48: 8939-8942; Davies, H. M. L., E. Saikali, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1993), Eur. J. Pharmacol. Mol Pharm. 244: 93-97; Holmquist,
C. R., K. I. Keverline-Frantz, P. Abraham, J. W. Boja, M. J. Kuhar and F. I. Carroll (1996), J. Med. Chem 39: 4139-4141; Kozikowski, A. P., G. L. Araldi and R. G. Ball (1997), J. Org. Chem. 62: 503-509; Kozikowski, A. P., M. Roberti, L. Xiang, J. S. Bergmann, P. M. Callahan, K. A. Cunningham and K.
M. Johnson (1992), J. Med. Chem. 35: 4764-4766; Kozikowski, A. P., D.
Simoni, S. Manfredini, M. Roberti and J. Stoelwinder (1996), Tetrahedron
Lett. 37: 5333-5336; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang, A.-L. Brownell, D. R.
Elmaleh and B. K. Madras (1993), J. Med. Chem. 36: 855-862; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang and B. K. Madras (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37: 2001-2010;
Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang and B. K. Madras (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39:
371-379; Newman, A. H., A. C. Allen, S. Izenwasser and J. L. Katz (1994), J.
Med Chem. 37: 2258-2261; Newman, A. H., R. H. Kline, A. C. Allen, S.
Izenwasser, C. George and J. L. Katz (1995), J. Med. Chem. 38: 3933-3940; Shreekrishna, V. K., S. Izenwasser, J. L. Katz, C. L. Klein, N. Zhu and M. L.
Trudell (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37: 3875-3877; Simoni, D., J. Stoelwinder, A.
P. Kozikowski, K. M. Johnson, J. S. Bergmann and R. G. Ball (1993), J. Med.
Chem. 36: 3975-3977.)
Binding of cocaine and its tropane analogs to monoamine transporters is stereoselective. As example (JR)-(-) -cocaine binds at the dopamine transporter about 200-fold more potently than the unnatural isomer, (JS)-(+) -cocaine. (Kaufman, M. J. and B. K. Madras (1992), Synapse
12: 99-111; Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J. Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R.
D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 131-141; Madras, B. K., R. D. Spealman, M. A. Fahey, J. L. Neumeyer, J. K. Saha and R. A. Milius
(1989), Mol. Pharmacol. 36: 518-524; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H.
Sershen and A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129; Ritz, M.
C, R. J. Lamb, S. R. Goldberg and M. J. Kuhar (1987), Science 237:
1219-1223.)
Also, only the R-enantiomers of cocaine have been found active in a variety of biological and neurochemical measures. (Clarke, R. L., S. J.
Daum, A. J. Gambino, M. D. Aceto, et al. (1973), J. Med. Chem. 16:
1260-1267; Kaufman, M. J. and B. K. Madras (1992), Synapse 12: 99-111;
Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J. Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R. D. Spealman
(1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 131-141; Madras, B. K., R. D. Spealman, M. A. Fahey, J. L. Neumeyer, J. K. Saha and R. A. Milius (1989),
Mol. Pharmacol. 36: 518-524; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H. Sershen and
A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129; Ritz, M. C, R. J.
Lamb, S. R. Goldberg and M. J. Kuhar (1987), Science 237: 1219-1223;
Sershen, H., M. E. A. Reith and A. Lajtha (1980), Neuropharmacology 19: 1145-1148; Sershen, H., M. E. A. Reith and A. Lajtha (1982),
Neuropharmacology 21: 469-474; Spealman, R. D., R. T. Kelleher and S. R.
Goldberg (1983), J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 225: 509-513.) Parallel stereoselective behavioral effects have also been observed. (Bergman, J., B.
K. Madras, S. E. Johnson and R. D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251: 150-155; Heikkila, R. E., L. Manzino and F. S. Cabbat (1981),
Subst. Alcohol Actions/ Misuse 2: 115-121; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H.
Sershen and A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129;
Spealman, R. D., R. T. Kelleher and S. R. Goldberg (1983), J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther. 225: 509-513; Wang, S., Y. Gai, M. Laruelle, R. M. Baldwin, B. E. Scanlet, R. B. Innis and J. L. Neumeyer (1993), J. Med. Chem. 36:
1914-1917.) For example, in primates and rodents the stimulating and reinforcing properties of the (-)-enantiomer of cocaine or its 3-aryltropane analogs were considerably greater than for the (+)-enantiomers.
Although SAR studies of cocaine and its 3-aryltropane analogs have offered insight into their mode of binding to monoamine transporters, a comprehensive picture of the binding interaction at the molecular level has not emerged. SAR studies on the classical tropane analogs (Carroll, F. I., Y.
Gao, M. A. Rahman, P. Abraham, et al. (1991), J. Med. Chem. 34:
2719-2725; Carroll, F. I., S. W. Mascarella, M. A. Kuzemko, Y. Gao, et al. (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37: 2865-2873; Madras, B. K., M. A. Fahey, J.
Bergman, D. R. Canfield and R. D. Spealman (1989), J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther. 251: 131-141; Madras, B. K., R. D. Spealman, M. A. Fahey, J. L. Neumeyer, J. K. Saha and R. A. Milius (1989), Mol. Pharmacol. 36: 518-524; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang, A.-L. Brownell, D. R. Elmaleh and B. K. Madras (1993), J. Med. Chem. 36: 855-862; Reith, M. E. A., B. E. Meisler, H. Sershen and A. Lajtha (1986), Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1123-1129) appeared to provide a consistent model for this interaction with the DAT, however, subsequent studies revealed inconsistencies. (Carroll, F. I., P. Kotian, A. Dehghani, J. L. Gray, et al. (1995), J. Med. Chem. 38: 379-388; Chen, Z., S. Izenwasser, J. L. Katz, N. Zhu, C. L. Klein and M. L. Trudell (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 4744-4749; Davies, H. M. L., L. A. Kuhn, C. Thornley, J. J.
Matasi, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 2554-2558; Kozikowski, A. P., G. L. Araldi and R. G. Ball (1997), J. Org. Chem. 62: 503-509; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang and B. K. Madras (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37: 2001-2010; Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang and B. K. Madras (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 371-379.)
Carroll had proposed (Boja, J. W., R. M. McNeill, A. Lewin, P. Abraham, F. I. Carroll and M. J. Kuhar (1992), Mol. Neurosci. 3: 984-986; Carroll, F. I., P. Abraham, A. Lewin, K. A. Parham, J. W. Boja and M. J. Kuhar (1992), J. Med. Chem. 35: 2497-2500; Carroll, F. I., Y. Gao, M. A. Rahman, P. Abraham, et al. (1991), J. Med. Chem. 34: 2719-2725; Carroll, F. I., M. A. Kuzemko and Y. Gao (1992), Med. Chem Res. 1: 382-387) four molecular requirements for binding of cocaine and its tropane analogs at the DAT: a 2β-carboxy ester, a basic nitrogen capable of protonation at physiological pH, the .^-configuration of the tropane and a 3β-aromatic ring at C3. However, Davies (Davies, H. M. L., E. Saikali, T. Sexton and S. R. Childers (1993), Ear. J. Pharmacol. Mol. Pharm. 244: 93-97) later reported that introduction of 2β-ketones did not reduce potency. Kozikowski questioned the role of hydrogen bonding at the C2 site because introduction of unsaturated and saturated alkyl groups (Kozikowski, A. P., M. Roberti, K. M. Johnson, J. S. Bergmann and R. G. Ball (1993), Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 3: 1327-1332; Kozikowski, A. P., M. Roberti, L. Xiang, J. S. Bergmann, P. M. Callahan, K. A. Cunningham and K. M. Johnson (1992), J. Med. Chem. 35: 4764-4766) did not diminish binding. Further, the ionic bond between a protonated amine (at physiologically pH) and the presumed (Kitayama, S., S. Shimada, H. Xu, L. Markham, D. H. Donovan and G. R. Uhl (1993), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 7782-7785) aspartate residue on the DAT was
questioned because reduction of nitrogen nucleophilicity (Kozikowski, A. P., M. K. E. Saiah, J. S. Bergmann and K. M. Johnson (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37(37): 3440-3442) by introduction of N-sulfones did not reduce binding potency. It also has been reported (Madras, B. K., J. B. Kamien, M. Fahey, D.
Canfield, et al. (1990), Pharmacol Biochem. Behaυ. 35: 949-953) that introduction of an alkyl or allyl group did not eliminate binding potency. An N-iodoallyl group on the tropane has provided potent and selective ligands for the DAT, and altropane is currently being developed as a SPECT imaging agent (Elmaleh, D. R., B. K. Madras, T. M. Shoup, C. Byon, et al. (1995), J. Nucl. Chem., 37 1197-1202 (1966); Fischman, A. J., A. A. Bonab, J. W. Babich, N. M. Alpert, et al. (1996), Neuroscience-Net 1, 00010, (1997). A 99mtechnetium labeled compound, technepine, which binds potently and selectively to the DAT and provides excellent in vivo SPECT images has been reported. (Madras, B. K., A. G. Jones, A. Mahmood, R. E. Zimmerman, et al. (1996), Synapse 22: 239-246.) (Meltzer, P.O., Blundell, P., Jones, A.G., Mahmood, A., Garada, B. et al., J. Med. Chem., 40, 1835-1844, (1997). 2-Carbomethoxy-3-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)tropanes have been reported (Meltzer, P. C, A. Y. Liang and B. K. Madras (1994), J. Med. Chem. 37: 2001-2010). The S-enantiomer, S)-(+)-2β-carbomethoxy-3α-
(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)tropane (Difluoropine) was considerably more potent (IC50: 10.9 nM) and selective (DAT v. SERT: 324) than any of the other seven isomers, including the R-enantiomers.
Drug therapies for cocaine abuse are needed. Also, there is a need for therapeutic and protective agents for neurodegenerative diseases such as
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease as well as therapeutic agents for dopamine related dysfunction such as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD and ADHD). Compounds that inhibit monoamine reuptake in the mammalian system are sought to provide such therapies. Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake has an effect on diseases mediated by 5HT receptors. Compounds that provide such inhibition can be useful, for example, as therapeutic anti-depressants.
Cocaine recognition sites are localized on monoamine transporters such as, for example, the dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT). These transporters are localized, in turn, on monoamine nerve terminals. Compounds that bind to these sites can be useful as (i)
probes for neuro-degenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease), (ii) therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), (iii) therapeutic drugs for dopamine dysfunction (e.g., Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)), (iv) treatment of psychiatric dysfunction (e.g., depression) and (v) treatment of clinical dysfunction (e.g., migraine).
Thus it would be useful to have compounds that can be used for therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, dopamine dysfunction, e.g., Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette's Syndrome, Lesch Nyhan Syndrome and possibly Rett's syndrome, psychiatric dysfunction, e.g., depression, and treatment of clinical dysfunction, e.g., migraine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the discovery that tropane compounds having the "boat" configuration show surprisingly effective results in treating certain neurological diseases, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease. Thus, the present invention relates to therapeutic uses of boat tropane analogs. More specifically, the invention relates to methods of treating patients having neurodegenerative diseases, dopamine dysfunction and other DAT related diseases, comprising administering to the patient boat tropane compounds. Such diseases include, but are not limited to, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette's Syndrome, Lesch Nyhan Syndrome, Rett's syndrome, depression, narcolepsy and migraine. The methods also include therapies for smoking cessation.
More specifically, the invention relates to the use of topane compounds having the boat configuration, as described further below, for the treatment of these diseases.
The present invention provides pharmaceutical therapeutic compositions comprising the compounds formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for use in the present methods. Further, the invention provides a method for inhibiting 5- hydroxytryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter by contacting the
monoamine transporter with a 5-hydroxy-tryptamine reuptake inhibiting (5- HT inhibiting) amount of a boat tropane compound. Inhibition of 5-hydroxy- tryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter in a mammal is provided in accord with the present invention by administering to the mammal a 5-HT inhibiting amount of a boat tropane compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferred monoamine transporters for the practice of the present invention include the dopamine transporter, the serotonin transporter and the norepinephrine transporter.
The invention also provides a method for inhibiting dopamine reuptake of a dopamine transporter by contacting the dopamine transporter with a dopamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a boat tropane compound. Inhibition of dopamine reuptake of a dopamine transporter in a mammal is provided in accord with the present invention by administering to the mammal a dopamine inhibiting amount of a boat tropane compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The invention also relates to a method for treating a mammal having a disorder selected from neurodegenerative disease, psychiatric dysfunction, dopamine dysfunction, cocaine abuse and clinical dysfunction comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound of the present invention. In preferred methods, the compound has a 3α-group. In certain methods, the neurodegenerative disease is selected from Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. An example of a psychiatric disorder which can be treated by the present methods is depression.
The invention also relates to methods for treating dopamine related dysfunction in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a dopamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a compound as described herein. In preferred methods, the compound is a boat tropane. An example of a dopamine related dysfunction is Attention deficit disorder.
Certain preferred compounds used in the present invention have a high selectivity for the DAT versus the SERT. Preferred compounds have an IC50 SERT/ DAT ratio of greater than about 10, preferably greater than about 30 and more preferably 50 or more. In addition, preferably the compounds have an IC50 at the DAT of less than about 500 nM, preferably less than 60 nM, more preferably less than about 20, and most preferably less than about 10.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a general scheme for preparation of 2- carbomethoxy tropanes (Scheme 1) comprising an aryl octene in accord with the present invention and subsequent preparation of 3α and 3β diasteriomers thereof.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a general scheme for preparation of 2- ethylketo analogs compounds in accord with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 illustrates the absolute Configurations of (li?)-8a, (1R)-I8a,
(lS)-18a.
FIG. 4 illustrates a reaction scheme (Scheme 1) for the preparation of 2,3-Unsaturated Tropanes.
FIG. 5 illustrates a reaction scheme (Scheme 2) for the preparation of Bridge Oxygenated Tropanes.
FIG. 6 illustrates a reaction scheme (Scheme 3) for the preparation of Bridge Oxygenated 2-Keto Tropanes.
FIG. 7 illustrates a reaction scheme (Scheme 4) for the resolution of 8a, 15a and 18a. FIG. 8 illustrates a reaction scheme (Scheme 5) for the inversion at C6 and C7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accord with the present invention, methods are provided for administering to a patient suffering from certain neurological diseases, an effective amount of a boat tropane analog. Compounds useful as therapeutic agents in the methods of the present invention include boat tropane compounds described in pending application U.S.S.N. 09/568,106, US Patent No. 6,171,576, which issued on January 9, 2001, provisional application no. 60/313,205 and US Application No. 10/033,621. These applications and patents are incorporated in their entirety.
Preferred compounds for use in the methods of the present invention comprise tropane analogs that bind to monoamine transporters. Examples of useful compounds are represented by the following general structural formula:
FORMULA I
wherein Ri is or β and is selected from COORa, CORa, and
CON(CH3)ORa;
R2 is α and is selected from CeH4X, CδH3XY, CιoH7X, and CioHβXY; Ra is selected from Ci - C5 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, etc.; X and Y are independently selected from Ra, H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, and
OCH3;
Z = NR3, NS02R3, with R3= H, (CH2)nC6H4Y, C6H4Y, CHCH2, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl.
Ri can be in the α or β configuration. R is in the α configuration. Further, Ri preferably can be substituted at the C2 or C4 when the tropane has a 1R or IS configuration, respectively. Particularly preferred compounds comprise compound 15 shown in Figures 1 and 2, especially 2β- (l-Propanoyl)-3 -(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane, 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α~(3,4- dichlorophenyl)tropane. Any tropane compound of the above general formula is useful in the present invention so long as it binds to DAT. Examples of particularly useful tropanes are: 2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyltropane ("WIN 35,428") (Clarke, R.L., et al., J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 1260-1267) which binds potently (ICso=l 1.0 nM) and with specificity to the DAT (Meltzer, P.C., et al., J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 855-862); 2-carbomethoxy-3-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-N-methyltropane ("0-401"; IC5o=1.09nM) (Meltzer, P.C., et al., J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 855-862). Tropane analogs that have a 3α- group are of the boat configuration. Other tropanes having a 3β-oriented group are of the chair configuration. Preferred compounds for use in the method of the present invention have the boat configuration.
Other compounds useful for treating neurological disorders include the boat tropanes disclosed in U.S. Patent No. US Patent No. 6,171,576,
which is incorporated herein in its entirety, e.g., (S)-(+)-2-carbomethoxy-3α- (bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)tropane.
Additional examples of preferred boat tropane compounds are described in US Application No. 10/033,621 and include tropane analogs having the following formula:
FORMULA II
wherein:
Ri = COOR7, COR3, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, CONHR4, or COR6 and is α or β;
R9 = OH or O, is a 6- or 7- substituent, and if R9 is OH, it is α or β;
X = NR3, CH2, CHY, CYYi, CO, O, S; SO, SOa, NS02R3, or C=CXιY with the N, C, O or S atom being a member of the ring;
Xi = NR3, CH2, CHY, CYYi CO, O, S; SO, SO2, or NS02R3; Rs= H, (CH2)nC6H4Y, C6H4Y, CHCH2, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl;
Y and Yi = H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, OCH3, CF3, N02, NH2, CN, NHCOCH3, N(CH3)2, (CH2)nCH3, COCH3, or C(CH3)3;
R4 = CH3, CH2CH3, or CH3SO2; R6 = morpholinyl or piperidinyl;
Ar = phenyl-Rs, naphthyl-Rs, anthracenyl-Rs, phenanthrenyl-Rs, or diphenylmethoxy-R5;
R5 = H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, OCH3, CF3, N02, NH2, CN, NHCOCH3, N(CH3)2, (CH2)nCH3, COCH3, C(CH3)3 where n= 0-6, 4-F, 4-Cl, 4-1, 2-F, 2-Cl, 2-1, 3-F, 3-Cl, 3-1, 3,4-diCl, 3,4-diOH, 3,4-diOAc, 3,4-diOCH3, 3-OH-4-C1, 3-OH-4-F, 3-C1-4-OH, 3-F-4-OH, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, CO (lower alkyl), or CO (lower alkoxy); n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
R = lower alkyl; and
Synthetic routes to these compounds are shown in Figures 3-8 and described in US Application No. 10/033,621 and Meltzer, et al., J.Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2619-2635. The term "lower alkyl" when used herein designates aliphatic saturated branched or straight chain hydrocarbon monovalent substituents containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, (CH2)nCH3, C(CH3)3; etc., more preferably 1 to 4 carbons. The term "lower alkoxy" designates lower alkoxy substituents containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc., more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The term "lower alkenyl" when used herein designates aliphatic unsaturated branched or straight chain vinyl hydrocarbon substituents containing from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms such as allyl, etc., more preferably 2 to 4 carbons. The term "lower alkynyl" designates lower alkynyl substituents containing from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as, for example, propyne, butyne, etc.
The terms substituted lower alkyl, substituted lower alkoxy, substituted lower alkenyl and substituted lower alkynyl, when used herein, include corresponding alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl groups substituted with halide, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, or carboxamide groups, etc. such as, for example, -CH2OH, -CH2CH2COOH, -CH2CONH2, -OCH2CH2OH, - OCH2COOH, -OCH2CH2CONH2, etc. As used herein, the terms lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyl and lower alkynyl are meant to include where practical substituted such groups as described above.
When X contains a carbon atom as the ring member, reference to X is sometimes made herein as a carbon group. Thus, when X is a carbon group, as that phrase is used herein, it means that a carbon atom is a ring member at the X position (i.e., the 8- position). The substituents at the 2 position of the ring can be - or β. Preferred compounds have the substitutents at the 3-position in the configuration to form the boat conformation. Although Ri is illustrated in the 2- position, it should be recognized that substitution at the 4- position is also included and the position is dependent on the numbering of the tropane ring. The compounds of the present invention can be racemic, pure R-enantiomers, or pure S-enantiomers. Thus, the structural formulas illustrated herein are
intended to represent each enantiomer and diastereomer of the illustrated compound. In certain preferred compounds of the present invention, Ri is COOCH3. In yet other preferred compounds, Ri is COR3, where Rs is CHCH2. Other preferred compounds are 6 or 7-bridge hydroxylated or keto compounds.
Tropane analogs having hydroxyl or ketone substituents in the 6- or 7- position of the tropane structure include those having the formula:
FORMULA III
wherein X, Ar, and Rg have the same meaning as defined above. In preferred compounds, R9 is OH.
Preferred compounds for use in the present are those compounds wherein X is N, Ar is phenyl, substituted phenyl, diarylmethoxy or substituted diarylmethoxy. The aryl ring can be substituted with one or more halide atoms, hydroxy groups, nitro groups, amino groups, cyano groups, lower alkyl groups having from 1-8 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy groups having from 1-8 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl groups having from 2-8 carbon atoms, or lower alkynyl groups having from 2-8 carbon atoms. The aryl group can have a substituent selected from the group consisting of Br, CI, I, F, OH, OCHs, CF3, NO2, NH2, CN, NHCOCH3, N(CH3)2, COCH3, C(CH3)3, (CH2)nCH3 where n= 0-6, allyl, isopropyl and isoburyl. Preferably the substituent is a halogen. The aryl ring can be substituted with chloride, fluoride or iodide. Ar may be a mono- or di-halogen substituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, the amino group is a mono- or di- alkyl substituted group having from 1-8 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds include, but are not limited to: 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β- hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2- naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy- 3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β- Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β- hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (1R)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β- Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy- 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-7 -benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α- hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β- Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}oct-7- one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy- 7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α- bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane. Other preferred compounds have the following formula:
FORMULA IV
In preferred compounds, X includes a nitrogen, carbon or oxygen atom as a ring member, R9 is OH, and Ar is phenyl, substituted phenyl such as mono- or di-halogen substituted phenyl, or a diarylmethoxy including halogen substituted such groups. In particularly preferred compounds, X is N3, R3 is CH2CH3, R9 is OH or O in the 6- or 7- position, Ar is phenyl or naphthyl either of which can be substituted with halogen, alkenyl having 2-8 carbon atoms or alkynyl having 2-8 carbon atoms. Ar can be substituted with 4-Cl, 4-F, 4-Br, 4-1, 3,4-C , ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, propynyl or butynyl.
In some preferred compounds, the compounds have a C2-ethylketone. One example of such a compound is l-{3α-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}oct-2-yl}propan-l-one (Compound 26).
The bridge-hydroxylated tropane compounds provide a broad array of molecules including compounds that bind with very high affinity. Selectivity for inhibition of the DAT versus the serotonin transporter (SERT) is another property of tropanes of considerable relevance for development of medications and for probes useful to image the DAT in living brain. Preferred compounds for DAT imaging agents have high DAT: SERT selectivity. Boat tropane compounds exhibit extremely potent and selective binding for the DAT. Compounds that have the desired target:non-target (DAT: SET) specificity can be selected based upon the particular use and application. Preferably, the selectivity ratio of binding of SERT to binding of DAT is greater than about 10, preferably greater than about 30 and more preferably 50 or more. In addition, preferred boat tropane compounds have an IC50 less than about 500 nM, preferably less than 60 nM, more preferably less than about 20, and most preferably less than about 10. Using the combination of selectivity (SERT/ DAT ratio) and potency (IC50) information for these compounds, one of ordinary skill in the art can readily select the appropriate compound for the desired application, e.g., imaging or treatment.
Selectivity for inhibition of the DAT versus the SERT is greater for compounds bearing a 3α-aryl substituent as compared with a 3β-aryl substituent. Preferred compounds have the following substitutions at the C3 position: 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-fluorophenyl, and phenyl.
Other preferred compounds for use in the methods of the present invention have a C2 ethyl ketone instead of a C2 ester. An especially preferred compounds a 3α-3,4-dichlorophenyl analog, with a C2 ethyl ketone, (compound 26). This compound is one of the most selective and potent DAT inhibitors (DAT: 1.1 nM; SERT: 2,520 nM) (see Scheme 3). Thus, in certain instances, preferred compounds for use in the present methods are substituted at the 2β-position, instead of a 2α-substitution. Other preferred compounds contain a C2-ketone, which retains potency at the DAT. Yet other preferred compounds are 6α- or 7 α- hydroxylated compounds.
For use in the present invention, the compounds of interest can be made into pharmaceutical compositions, comprising the desired compounds in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known to those skilled in the art. An exemplary pharmaceutical composition is a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention optionally included in a pharmaceutically-acceptable and compatible carrier. The term "pharmaceutically-acceptable and compatible carrier" as used herein, and described more fully below, refers to e.g., one or more compatible solid or liquid filler diluents or encapsulating substances that are suitable for administration to a human or other animal. The route of administration can be varied but is principally selected from intravenous, nasal and oral routes. For parenteral administration, e.g., it will typically be injected in a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable parenteral carrier such as physiological saline.
The term "therapeutically-effective amount" is that amount of the pharmaceutical compositions which produces a desired result or exerts a desired influence on the particular condition being treated. Various concentrations may be used in preparing compositions incorporating the same ingredient to provide for variations in the age of the patient to be treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment and the mode of administration. An effective dose of the compound is administered to a patient based on IC50 values determined in vitro.
The term "compatible", as used herein, means that the components of the pharmaceutical compositions are capable of being commingled with the compounds of the present invention, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction that would substantially impair the desired pharmaceutical efficacy.
Dose of the pharmaceutical compositions will vary depending on the subject and upon particular route of administration used. Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can also be administered to a subject according to a variety well-characterized protocols.
The pharmaceutical composition may a liquid composition in pyrogen- free, sterilized container or vial. The container can be unit dose or multidose. The compounds and pharmaceutical preparations can be used to inhibit the %-hydroxytryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter,
particularly reuptake by the dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter or norepinephrine transporter.
Dysfunction of dopamine neurons has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Imaging of the dopamine neurons offers important clinical information relevant to diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. Dopamine neurons produce dopamine, release the neurotransmitter and remove the released dopamine with a dopamine transporter protein. Compounds that bind to the dopamine transporter are effective measures of dopamine neurons and can be transformed into imaging agents for PET and for SPECT imaging. In identifying a suitable compound for the dopamine transporter, an essential first step is to measure the affinity and selectivity of a candidate at the dopamine transporter. The affinity is measured by conducting radioreceptor assays. A radiolabeled marker for the transporter, e.g., (3H)WIN 35,428, is incubated with the unlabeled candidate and a source of the transporter, usually brain striatum. The effect of various concentrations of the candidate on inhibiting (3H)WIN 35,428 binding is quantified. The concentration of the compound that inhibits 50% of (3H)WIN 35,428 bound to the transporter (IC50 value) is used as a measure of its affinity for the transporter. A suitable range of concentrations of the candidate typically is 1 - 10 nM.
It is also important to measure the selectivity of the candidate of the dopamine compared with the serotonin transporter. The serotonin transporter is also detectable in the striatum, the brain region with the highest density of dopamine neurons and in brain regions surrounding the striatum. It is necessary to determine whether the candidate compound is more potent at the dopamine than the serotonin transporter. If more selective (> 10-fold), the probe will permit accurate measures of the dopamine transporter in this region of interest or will provide effective treatment modality for the dopamine transporter. Therefore, a measure of probe affinity of the serotonin transport is conducted by assays paralleling the dopamine transporter assays. (3H)Citalopram is used to radiolabel binding sites on the serotonin transporter and competition studies are conducted with the candidate compound at various concentrations in order to generate an IC50 value. This invention will be illustrated further by the following examples.
These examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention
in any manner. The Examples provide suitable methods for preparing compounds of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art may make compounds of the present invention by any other suitable means. As is well known to those skilled in the art, other substituents can be provided for the illustrated compounds by suitable modification of the reactants.
All exemplified target compounds are fully analyzed (mp, TLC, CHN, GC and/or HPLC) and characterized (Η NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR) prior to submission for biological evaluation. The affinity of all the compounds for the DAT, SERT and NET are measured. NMR spectra are recorded on a Bruker 100, a Varian XL 400, or a Bruker 300 NMR spectrometer. Tetramethylsilane ("TMS") is used as internal standard. Melting points are uncorrected and are measured on a Gallenkamp melting point apparatus. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is carried out on Baker Si 250F plates. Visualization is accomplished with iodine vapor, UV exposure or treatment with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). Preparative TLC is carried out on Analtech uniplates Silica Gel GF 2000 microns. Flash chromatography is carried out on Baker Silica Gel 40mM. Elemental Analyses are performed by Atlantic Microlab, Atlanta, GA and are within 0.4% of calculated values for each element. A Beckman 1801 Scintillation Counter is used for scintiUation spectrometry. 0.1% Bovine Serum Albumin ("BSA") and (-)-cocaine is purchased from Sigma Chemicals. All reactions are conducted under an inert (N2) atmosphere.
3H-WIN 35,428 (3H-CFT, 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-N- H- methyltropane, 79.4-87.0 Ci/mmol) and 3H-citalopram (86.8 Ci/mmol) is purchased from DuPont-New England Nuclear (Boston, MA). (R)-(-)-Cocaine hydrochloride for the pharmacological studies was donated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Fluoxetine was donated by E. Lilly & Co. HPLC analyses are carried out on a Waters 510 system with detection at 254 nm on a Chiralcel OC column (flow rate: 1 mL/min).
PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS:
Reaction schemes for preparation of various classes of compounds of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings. In Scheme 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1, Keto ester 1' {Meltzer et al., J. Med. Chem, 1994, 37, 2001} is converted to the enol triflate 2' by reaction with N- phenyltrifluoromethanesulfonimide and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in
tetrahydrofuran. The enol triflate 2' is then coupled with the appropriate commercial or preformed arylboronic acids by Suzuki coupling in diethoxymethane in the presence of lithium chloride, sodium carbonate and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) to provide aryl octenes 3' in excellent yield.
Reduction of the octenes 3' with samarium iodide in tetrahydrofuran /methanol at low temperature (-78 °C) provides a mixture of the 3β- and 3α- diastereomers, 4' and 12' respectively. These diastereomers are readily separated by flash column chromatography.
EXAMPLE 1: 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane (Compound 15' (R=4-F), FIG. 2)
A 250 mL round bottom flask containing the 2β- methoxymethylcarbamoyl-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane 14' (471 mg) was flushed with nitrogen and charged with anhydrous THF (70 mL). At room temperature, EtMgBr/Et2θ (3.0 mL; 3.0M) was added dropwise over 3 min. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and was then heated to 65°C for lh at which point no starting material was observed by TLC (TLC sample was prepared by adding an aliquot of the reaction to ethereal HCl, and basifying with 2M Na2Cθ3; Rf (product) 0.42; Rf (starting material) 0.13 (20% EtOAc/hexanes, 5% EtβN). The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and quenched by slow addition of ethereal HCl. The cloudy solution was basified with 2M Na2Cθ3 and diluted with ether (25 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (1 x 10 mL) and CHCI3 (2 x 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2S04), filtered and reduced in vacuo to yield the crude residue (484 mg). This residue was then chromatographed (25 g S1O2; eluent 25% EtOAc/hexanes, 5% Et3N). Fractions containing the product were combined and concentrated to yield 15' (300 mg, 70%).
Mp. 60.5-61.3 °C; Rf 0.49 (33% EtOAc/hexanes; 5% EI3 ); ΪH-NMR (CDCI3) δ 0.86 (t, 3H), 1.27 (ddd, 1H), 1.4-1.6 (m, 2H), 2.0-2.5 (m, 6H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 3.12 (brd, 1H), 3.2-3.3 (m, 2H), 6.85-7.0 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H); IR (KBr)
2900, 1740, 1500 cm"1; Elemental analysis: calculated C, 74.15, H, 8.05, N, 5.09; found C, 74.00, H, 8.13, N, 4.98
EXAMPLE 2: 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane (Compound 15' (R=3,4-Cl2), FIG. 2)
2β-Methoxymethylcarbamoyl-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane, 14' (105 mg, 0.29 mmol) was flushed with nitrogen and charged with anhydrous THF (15 mL). At room temperature, EtMgBr/Et2θ (0.8 mL; 3.0M) was added dropwise over 3 min. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for lh and was then heated to 55°C for 30 min at which point no starting material was observed by TLC. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and quenched by slow addition of ethereal HCl. The cloudy solution was basified with 2M Na2Cθ3 and diluted with ether (15 mL) and water (15 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CHCI3 (2 x 15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2S04), filtered and reduced in vacuo to yield a residue (95 mg) which was chromatographed (5 g Siθ2, eluent 25% EtOAc in hexanes, 5% Et3N). Fractions containing the product were combined and concentrated to yield 15' (80 mg, 80%).
Rf 0.28 (30% EtOAc/hexanes; 5% Et3N); ΪH-NMR (CDCI3) δ 0.93 (t,
J=7.4Hz, 3H), 1.27 (ddd, 1H), 1.42-1.62 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.30 (m, 6H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 3.32-2.52 (m, 3H), 3.14 (brd 1H), 3.2-3.36 (m, 2H), 7.10 (dd, 1H), 7.24 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H).
EXAMPLE 2a: 2β-(l-Proρanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichloroρhenyl)tropane
(Compound 15' (R-3,4-Cl2), FIG. 2) To commercially available ethylmagnesium bromide (1M in THF, 12.6 mL, 12.6 mmol) in a flask equipped with an addition funnel under nitrogen was added triethylamine (5.0 g, 50.4 mmol). To the resulting mixture was added drop-wise a solution of compound 12' (R=Cl2, 750 mg, 2.29 mmol) in benzene (10 mL) at 5-10°C over a period of 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 5-10°C for 5 hours and then treated with 4 M HCl (2.9 mL, 11.6 mmol). The organic layer was washed with water (1 x 50 mL), 5% NaHC03 (aq) (1 x 50 mL) and water (2 x 50 L). The organic phase was then dried (K2CO3), filtered and the concentrated. The residue was
chromatographed (Si02. 25% EtOAc in hexanes with 5% Et3N) and gave 670 mg (85%) of compound 15' with the same physical and spectral characteristics as previously reported (Example 1).
EXAMPLE 3: Tissue sources and preparation.
Brain tissue from adult male and female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was stored at -85 °C in the primate brain bank at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. We recently cloned the DAT and SERT from both species and found them to have virtually identical protein sequences (Miller, G. M. et al., Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2001, 87, 124-143). The caudate-putamen was dissected from coronal slices and yielded 1.4 ± 0.4 g tissue. Membranes were prepared as described previously. Briefly, the caudate-putamen was homogenized in 10 volumes (w/v) of ice-cold Tris.HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4 at 4 °C) and centrifuged at 38,000 x g for 20 min in the cold. The resulting pellet was suspended in 40 volumes of buffer, and the entire was procedure was repeated twice. The membrane suspension (25 mg original wet weight of tissue/ml) was diluted to 12 ml/ml for {3H}WIN 35,428 or {3H}citalopram assay in buffer just before assay and was dispersed with a Brinkmann Polytron homogenizer (setting #5) for 15 sec. All experiments were conducted in triplicate and each experiment was repeated in each of 2 - 3 preparations from individual brains.
EXAMPLE 4: Dopamine transporter assay. The dopamine transporter was labeled with {3H}WIN 35,428 ({3H}CFT,
(lR)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluprophenyl)-N-{3H}methyltropane, 81 - 84
Ci/mmol, DuPont-NEN). The affinity of {3H}WIN 35,428 for the dopamine transporter was determined in experiments by incubating tissue with a fixed concentration of {3H}WIN 35,428 and a range of concentration of unlabeled WIN 35,428. The assay tubes received, in Tris.HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4 at 0 - 4 °C; NaCl 100 mM), the following constituents at a final assay concentration: WIN35,428, 0.2 ml (1 pM - 100 or 300 nM), {3H}WIN 35,428 (0.3 nM); membrane preparation 0.2 mL (4 mg original wet weight of tissue/mL). The 2 h incubation (0 - 4 °C) was initiated by addition of membranes and terminated by rapid filtration over Whatman GF/B glass
fiber filters pre-soaked in 0.1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma Chem. Co.). The filters were washed twice with 5 mL Tris.HCl buffer (50 mM), incubated overnight at 0 - 4 °C in scintillation fluor (Beckman Ready- Value, 5 mL) and radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry (Beckman 1801). Cpm were converted to dp following determination of counting efficiency (> 45%) of each vial by external standardization.
Total binding was defined as {3H}WIN 35,428 bound in the presence of ineffective concentrations of unlabeled WIN 35,428 (1 or 10 pM). Nonspecific binding was defined as {3H}WIN 35,428 bound in the presence of an excess (30 μM) of (-)-cocaine. Specific binding was the difference between the two values. Competition experiments to determine the affinities of other drugs at {3H}WIN 35,428 binding sites were conducted using procedures similar to those outlined above. Stock solutions of water-soluble drugs were dissolved in water or buffer and stock solutions of other drugs were made in a range of ethanol/HCl solutions or other appropriate solvents. Several of the drugs were sonicated to promote solubility. The stock solutions were diluted serially in the assay buffer and added (0.2 mL) to the assay medium as described above. IC50 values were computed by the EBDA computer program and are the means of experiments conducted in triplicate.
EXAMPLE 5: Serotonin transporter assay.
The serotonin transporter was assayed in caudate-putamen membranes using conditions similar to those for the dopamine transporter.
The affinity of {3H}citalopram (spec, act.: 82 Ci/mmol, DuPont-NEN) for the serotonin transporter was determined in experiments by incubating tissue with a fixed concentration of {3H}citalopram and a range of concentrations of unlabeled citalopram. The assay tubes received, in Tris.HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4 at 0 - 4 °C; NaCl 100 mM), the following constituents at a final assay concentration: citalopram, 0.2 ml (1 pM - 100 or 300 nM), {3H}citalopram (1 nM); membrane preparation 0.2 ml (4 mg original wet weight of tissue/mL). The 2 h incubation (0 - 4 °C) was initiated by addition of membranes and terminated by rapid filtration over Whatman GF/B glass fiber filters pre- soaked in 0.1% polyethyleneimine. The filters were washed twice with 5 ml Tris.HCl buffer (50 mM), incubated overnight at 0 - 4 °C in scintillation fluor (Beckman Ready- Value, 5 mL) and radioactivity was measured by liquid
scintillation spectrometry (Beckman 1801). Cpm were converted to dpm following determination of counting efficiency (> 45%) of each vial by external standardization. Total binding was defined as {3H}citalopram bound in the presence of ineffective concentrations of unlabeled citalopram (1 or 10 pM). Non-specific binding was defined as {3H}citalopram bound in the presence of an excess (10 μM) of fluoxetine. Specific binding was the difference between the two values. Competition experiments to determine the affinities of other drugs at {3H}citalopram binding sites were conducted using procedures similar to those outlined above. IC50 values were computed by the EBDA computer program and are the means of experiments conducted in triplicate.
Table 1 presents binding data for the 7-keto, 6α- and 7α-hydroxy, and 3-diarylmethoxy tropane compounds shown in FIGs. 3-8. Table 1 shows the inhibition of {^H}WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter and {3H}citalopram binding to the serotonin transporter in rhesus or cynomolgus monkey caudate-putamen. Studies were conducted in monkey striatum because this tissue (Meltzer, P. C. et al., Med. Chem. Res. 1998, 8, 12-34) is used in an ongoing investigation of structure activity relationships at the DAT, and meaningful comparisons with an extensive database can be made. Competition studies were conducted with a fixed concentration of radioligand and a range of concentrations of the test drug. All drugs inhibited { H}WIN 35,428 and {3H}citalopram binding in a concentration- dependent manner. Each value is the mean of 2 or more independent experiments each conducted in different brains and triplicate. Errors generally do not exceed 15% between replicate experiments. Highest doses tested were generally 10-100μM.
Table 1.
Compound D T SERT
20 O-2096 14.2 7,038
26 O-2099 1.1 2,520
30a O-2015 33.2 10,700
30b O-2032 3.04 991
Table 2 presents a comparison of 6- and 7-hydroxylated compounds as well as bridge unsubstituted (R9 = H) parent compounds.
Table 2.
Ar : a = 3,4-Cla phen yi b = 2-naphthyl c = 4-F-phenyl d = phenyl
IC50 (nM)
R2 Compound DAT SERT SERT/DA T
H 16a, 0-1157 (R) 0.38 27.7 73
6-OH 17a, 0-1926 6.09 1,450 238
7-OH 18a, 0-1163 1.19 1,390 1,170
7-OH (1Λ)-I8a, O-l 676 482 5,300 11
7-OH (1S)-18Ά, 0-1924 0.76 1,220 1,610
H 16b, 0-1228 0.57 5.95 10
6-OH 17b, 0-1748 32 180 6
7-OH 18b, 0-1952 2.8 94 34
H 16c, O-1204 17.9 1,130 63
6-OH 17c, 0-1755 739 5,820 8
7-OH 18c, 0-1951 110 >20,000 >120
H 16d NA NA -
6-OH 17d, 0-1589 3,530 >10,000 >3
7-OH 18d, 0-1954 518 >100,000 >190
In general, the 7-hydroxy compounds (18) are more potent than the 6- hydroxy compounds (17). When the aromatic ring is oriented in the 3α- configuration, the parent-unsubstituted compound (1R)-I6a has DAT IC50
0.38 nM and the hydroxylated enantiopure compound (lS)-18a shows a similar value of 0.76 nM. In this case, the hydroxylated compound shows a selectivity ratio of 1610 and is therefore 22-fold more selective than 16a. However, the (lS)-18a, the 3α-configured compounds, is 32-fold more selective than its 3β-counterpart (data not shown). Thus, introduction of an hydroxyl at C7 has, at least, maintained potency of DAT inhibition and retained or may have increased selectivity versus inhibition of the SERT. This increase in selectivity is evident in the 6-hydroxy compounds (17a) as well. The present invention has been described in detail, including the preferred embodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon consideration of the present disclosure, may make modifications and/ or improvements of this invention and still be within the scope and spirit of this invention as set forth in the following claims. All references cited are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
Claims
1. A method of treating a neurological disorder in a patient comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a boat tropane compound.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound has the following structure:
wherein Ri is or β and is selected from COORa, CORa, and CON(CH3)ORa; R2 is α and is selected from CΘH X, C6H3XY, CιoH7X, and
CioHeXY;
Ra is selected from Ci - C5 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl;
X and Y are independently selected from Ra, H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, and OCH3;
Z = NR3, NSO2R3, with R3= H, (CH2)nC6H4Y, C6H4Y, CHCH2, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprises 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprises 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound has the following structure:
FORMULA II
wherein:
Ri = COOR7, COR3, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, CONHR4,
R9 = OH or O, is a 6- or 7- substituent, and if Rg is OH, it is α or β; X = NR3, CH2, CHY, CYYi, CO, O, S; SO, SO2, NSO2R3, or C=CXιY with the N, C, O or S atom being a member of the ring;
Xi = NR3, CH2, CHY, CYYi CO, O, S; SO, SO2, or NSO2R3; R3= H, (CH2)nC6H4Y, C6H4Y, CHCH2, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl; Y and Yi = H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, OCH3, CF3, N02, NH2, CN, NHCOCH3,
N(CH3)2, (CH2)nCH3, COCH3, or C(CH3)3; R4 = CH3, CH2CH3, or CH3SO2; Re = morpholinyl or piperidinyl;
Ar = phenyl-Rs, naphthyl-Rs, anthracenyl-Rs, phenanthrenyl-Rs, or diphenylmethoxy-R5;
R5 = H, Br, CI, I, F, OH, OCH3, CF3, N02, NH2, CN, NHCOCH3, N(CH3)2, (CH2)nCH3, COCH3, C(CH3)3 where n= 0-6, 4-F, 4-Cl, 4-1, 2-F, 2-Cl, 2-1, 3-F, 3-Cl, 3-1, 3,4-diCl, 3,4-diOH, 3,4-diOAc, 3,4-diOCH3, 3-OH-4-C1, 3-OH-4-F, 3-C1-4-OH, 3-F-4-OH, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, CO(lower alkyl), or CO(lower alkoxy); n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R = lower alkyl; and
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein Ri = CO2CH3.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the following compounds: 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
( IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
( 1 R) - 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α- (3 ,4-dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. ljoctane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naρhthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7 -benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. ljoctane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein Ri = COR3.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprises l-{3α-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)~7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neurological disorder is selected from a neurodegenerative disease, dopamine dysfunction, psychiatric dysfunction, and clinical dysfunction.
11. A method for inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter comprising contacting the monoamine transporter with a boat tropane compound.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the monoamine transporter is selected from the group consisting of a dopamine transporter, a serotonin transporter and a norepinephrine transporter.
13. A method of treating a neurodegenerative disease in a patient comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a boat tropane compound selected from the following compounds: 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane;
2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (3 ,4-dichlorophenyl) tropane; 1 -{3α- (3 ,4-Dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
(IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (1R)~ 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is selected from Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
15. A method for treating psychiatric dysfunction in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a boat tropane compound selected from the following compounds: 2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (4-fluorophenyl) -tropane;
2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (3 ,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane;
1 -{3α- (3 ,4-Dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
(1R)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3 -phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicy clo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the psychiatric disorder comprises depression.
17. A method for treating dopamine related dysfunction in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a dopamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a boat tropane selected from the following compounds:
2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (4-fluorophenyl)-tropane; 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane;
1 -{3α- (3 ,4-Dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo
{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. ljoctane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
( IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; ( 1 R) - 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α- (3 ,4-dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphτhyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)meτhoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
18. A method for treating dopamine related dysfunction in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a dopamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a compound selected from the following compounds: 2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α~ (4-fluorophenyl) -tropane; 2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane; l-{3α-(3,4-Dichloroρhenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
( IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (1R)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicy clo{3.2. ljoctane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the dopamine related dysfunction comprises Attention deficit disorder.
20. A method for treating cocaine abuse in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound selected from the following compounds: 2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl)-3α- (4-fluorophenyl) -tropane;
2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) tropane ; l-{3α-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy~3α-phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicy clo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. ljoctane; (IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
( 1 R) - 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α- (3 ,4-dichlorophenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6 -hydroxy-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2 β- Carbomethoxy-3 α-bis (fluorophenyl)methoxy-7 β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
21. A method for treating clinical dysfunction in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound selected from the following compounds:
2 β- ( 1 -Propanoyl) -3α- (4-fluorophenyl) -tropane;
2β-(l-Propanoyl)-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)tropane;
1 -{3α- (3 ,4-Dichloroρhenyl) -7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-2-yl} propan- 1-one; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. ljoctane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo {3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3 -phenyl-6β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; (IS)- 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-
8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
( 1 R)- 2β-Carbomeτhoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(2-naphthyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(4-fluorophenyl)-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-phenyl-7β-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane; 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-7α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbom.ethoxy-3α-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6α-hydroxy-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane ;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α~(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2.1}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(3,4-dichloroρhenyl)-8-meτhyl-8- azabicyclo{3.2. l}oct-7-one;
2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy-7β-hydroxy-8-meτhyl- 8-azabicyclo{3.2.1}octane; and 2β-Carbomethoxy-3α-bis(4-fluorophenyl)meτhoxy-6β-hydroxy-8- methyl-8-azabicyclo{3.2. l}octane.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the clinical dysfunction comprises migraine.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US31320501P | 2001-08-17 | 2001-08-17 | |
| US60/313,205 | 2001-08-17 | ||
| PCT/US2002/026310 WO2003015830A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-16 | Theurapeutic tropane compounds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2002313773A1 true AU2002313773A1 (en) | 2003-05-29 |
| AU2002313773B2 AU2002313773B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002313773A Ceased AU2002313773B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-16 | Theurapeutic tropane compounds |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030125352A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1429811A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002313773B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2458801A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003015830A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20060173037A1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-08-03 | Nathalie Schlienger | Aminophenyl derivatives as selective androgen receptor modulators |
| EP3579887A4 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2020-09-16 | Likeminds, Inc. | Methods for in vivo monitoring of dopaminergic disorders and efficacy of treatment agents therefor |
| US20210322463A1 (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-10-21 | Likeminds, Inc. | Method for accelerated tissue penetration of compounds into brain |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5262428A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-11-16 | Wake Forest University | Biologically active tropane derivatives |
| AU672052B2 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1996-09-19 | Neurosearch A/S | Antidepressant and antiparkinsonian compounds |
| US5948933A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-09-07 | Organix, Inc. | Tropane analogs and methods for inhibition of monoamine transport |
| DE20203103U1 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2002-07-11 | Organix, Inc., Woburn, Mass. | Serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
-
2002
- 2002-08-16 EP EP02753490A patent/EP1429811A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-16 AU AU2002313773A patent/AU2002313773B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-16 US US10/222,530 patent/US20030125352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-16 CA CA002458801A patent/CA2458801A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-16 WO PCT/US2002/026310 patent/WO2003015830A1/en not_active Ceased
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