[go: up one dir, main page]

AU2001274162A1 - Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit - Google Patents

Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit

Info

Publication number
AU2001274162A1
AU2001274162A1 AU2001274162A AU7416201A AU2001274162A1 AU 2001274162 A1 AU2001274162 A1 AU 2001274162A1 AU 2001274162 A AU2001274162 A AU 2001274162A AU 7416201 A AU7416201 A AU 7416201A AU 2001274162 A1 AU2001274162 A1 AU 2001274162A1
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
smart card
cryptography method
card microcircuit
cryptography
processing unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
AU2001274162A
Inventor
Marc Girault
Jean-Claude Pailles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
Original Assignee
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8850871&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=AU2001274162(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by France Telecom SA filed Critical France Telecom SA
Publication of AU2001274162A1 publication Critical patent/AU2001274162A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/409—Device specific authentication in transaction processing
    • G06Q20/4097—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners
    • G06Q20/40975—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners using encryption therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0806—Details of the card
    • G07F7/0833—Card having specific functional components
    • G07F7/084—Additional components relating to data transfer and storing, e.g. error detection, self-diagnosis

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Method of cryptography in a smart card comprising a central processing unit, said method implementing precomputation operations, characterized in that said precomputation operations are performed by the smart card and in that the precomputation operations are carried out at a session during the waiting periods of the inputs/outputs of the central processing unit.
AU2001274162A 2000-05-31 2001-05-30 Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit Abandoned AU2001274162A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0007040A FR2809894B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2000-05-31 CRYPTOGRAPHY METHOD, MICROCIRCUIT FOR CHIP CARD AND CHIP CARDS INCLUDING SUCH MICROCIRCUIT
FR0007040 2000-05-31
PCT/FR2001/001684 WO2001093216A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-30 Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2001274162A1 true AU2001274162A1 (en) 2001-12-11

Family

ID=8850871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2001274162A Abandoned AU2001274162A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-30 Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US7802098B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1290647B1 (en)
JP (2) JP2003535538A (en)
KR (1) KR100829654B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE254783T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001274162A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60101275T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2213119T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2809894B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1290647E (en)
WO (1) WO2001093216A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7889052B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2011-02-15 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc Authorizing payment subsequent to RF transactions
US7239226B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2007-07-03 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for payment using radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions
US7156301B1 (en) 1999-09-07 2007-01-02 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Foldable non-traditionally-sized RF transaction card system and method
US7070112B2 (en) 1999-09-07 2006-07-04 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Transparent transaction device
US7837116B2 (en) 1999-09-07 2010-11-23 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Transaction card
US7093767B2 (en) 1999-09-07 2006-08-22 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for manufacturing a punch-out RFID transaction device
US7306158B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2007-12-11 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Clear contactless card
US7172112B2 (en) 2000-01-21 2007-02-06 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Public/private dual card system and method
US8429041B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2013-04-23 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for managing account information lifecycles
US8543423B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2013-09-24 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for enrolling with multiple transaction environments
US7268668B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2007-09-11 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for managing multiple accounts on a RF transaction instrument
WO2001067355A2 (en) 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System for facilitating a transaction
US7725427B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-25 Fred Bishop Recurrent billing maintenance with radio frequency payment devices
US7542942B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2009-06-02 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for securing sensitive information during completion of a transaction
US7650314B1 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-01-19 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for securing a recurrent billing transaction
US7668750B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-02-23 David S Bonalle Securing RF transactions using a transactions counter
US8294552B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2012-10-23 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc Facial scan biometrics on a payment device
US7746215B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-06-29 Fred Bishop RF transactions using a wireless reader grid
US9024719B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2015-05-05 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc RF transaction system and method for storing user personal data
US7463133B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2008-12-09 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for providing a RF transaction device operable to store multiple distinct calling card accounts
US7303120B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2007-12-04 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System for biometric security using a FOB
US7503480B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2009-03-17 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for tracking user performance
US7925535B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2011-04-12 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for securing RF transactions using a radio frequency identification device including a random number generator
US7705732B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-04-27 Fred Bishop Authenticating an RF transaction using a transaction counter
US7429927B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2008-09-30 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for providing and RFID transaction device
US9031880B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2015-05-12 Iii Holdings 1, Llc Systems and methods for non-traditional payment using biometric data
US7059531B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-06-13 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for smellprint recognition biometrics on a fob
US7996324B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2011-08-09 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for managing multiple accounts on a RF transaction device using secondary identification indicia
US7154375B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-12-26 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Biometric safeguard method with a fob
US7360689B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2008-04-22 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for proffering multiple biometrics for use with a FOB
US8635131B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2014-01-21 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for managing a transaction protocol
US7493288B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2009-02-17 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc RF payment via a mobile device
US7312707B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2007-12-25 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for authenticating a RF transaction using a transaction account routing number
US7543738B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2009-06-09 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for secure transactions manageable by a transaction account provider
US20040236699A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2004-11-25 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for hand geometry recognition biometrics on a fob
US7121471B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-10-17 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for DNA recognition biometrics on a fob
US7249112B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2007-07-24 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for assigning a funding source for a radio frequency identification device
US7805378B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-09-28 American Express Travel Related Servicex Company, Inc. System and method for encoding information in magnetic stripe format for use in radio frequency identification transactions
US7228155B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2007-06-05 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for remotely initializing a RF transaction
US7119659B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-10-10 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for providing a RF transaction device for use in a private label transaction
US8548927B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2013-10-01 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc Biometric registration for facilitating an RF transaction
US8960535B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2015-02-24 Iii Holdings 1, Llc Method and system for resource management and evaluation
US8001054B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2011-08-16 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for generating an unpredictable number using a seeded algorithm
US8279042B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2012-10-02 Xatra Fund Mx, Llc Iris scan biometrics on a payment device
US7827106B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-11-02 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for manufacturing a punch-out RFID transaction device
US7762457B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2010-07-27 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for dynamic fob synchronization and personalization
US9454752B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2016-09-27 Chartoleaux Kg Limited Liability Company Reload protocol at a transaction processing entity
US8538863B1 (en) 2001-07-10 2013-09-17 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for facilitating a transaction using a revolving use account associated with a primary account
KR100338189B1 (en) * 2001-11-08 2002-05-24 C & C Entpr Co Ltd Method and system for creating security connection key value for rf card
FR2842052B1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-09-24 France Telecom CRYPTOGRAPHIC METHOD AND DEVICES FOR REDUCING CALCULATION DURING TRANSACTIONS
US7587756B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2009-09-08 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus for a secure proximity integrated circuit card transactions
US6805287B2 (en) 2002-09-12 2004-10-19 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. System and method for converting a stored value card to a credit card
US7268667B2 (en) 2003-05-09 2007-09-11 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for providing a RF transaction device operable to store multiple distinct accounts
FR2867289A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-09 France Telecom Cryptographic operation performing method for use in electronic chip, involves producing cryptographic value in chip by adding binary versions of one factor having secret key and shifted according to position of one bits of another factor
US7318550B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2008-01-15 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Biometric safeguard method for use with a smartcard
US7314165B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2008-01-01 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Method and system for smellprint recognition biometrics on a smartcard
JP4810098B2 (en) * 2005-01-19 2011-11-09 株式会社東芝 Processing data transfer method and paper sheet processing apparatus in paper sheet processing apparatus
JP5302083B2 (en) * 2009-04-23 2013-10-02 株式会社メガチップス Memory device and memory device control method
DE102010050194A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Tu Darmstadt Method for setting cryptographically secure connection between computer systems e.g. mobile phone, involves determining fractional values of cryptographic data for interaction of computer systems, in parallel
KR101166129B1 (en) 2011-05-31 2012-07-23 서울대학교산학협력단 Method of solving a discrete logarithm problem using pre-computation table and apparatus thereof
FR3020166B1 (en) * 2014-04-18 2021-09-03 Compagnie Ind Et Financiere Dingenierie Ingenico TRANSACTIONAL DATA PROCESSING METHODS, CORRESPONDING DEVICES AND PROGRAMS

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5299262A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-03-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for exponentiating in cryptographic systems
FR2716058B1 (en) 1994-02-04 1996-04-12 France Telecom Method of digital signature and authentication of messages using a discrete logarithm.
EP0757336B1 (en) * 1995-08-04 2000-11-22 Belle Gate Investment B.V. Data exchange systems comprising portable data processing units
US5668878A (en) * 1994-02-28 1997-09-16 Brands; Stefanus Alfonsus Secure cryptographic methods for electronic transfer of information
FR2720209B1 (en) * 1994-05-20 1996-06-21 France Telecom Method for carrying out a secure electronic transaction.
US5999627A (en) * 1995-01-07 1999-12-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for exponentiation in a public-key cryptosystem
FR2733379B1 (en) * 1995-04-20 1997-06-20 Gemplus Card Int PROCESS FOR GENERATING ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, ESPECIALLY FOR SMART CARDS
FR2734435B1 (en) * 1995-05-17 1997-07-25 France Telecom ZERO KNOWLEDGE DIGITAL SIGNATURE METHOD FOR DEVELOPING A COLLISION RESISTANT SIGNATURE
ATE372541T1 (en) * 1997-05-04 2007-09-15 Milsys Ltd IMPROVED APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MODULAR MULTIPLICATION AND EXPONENTATION BASED ON MONTGOMERY MULTIPLICATION
US6157966A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-12-05 Schlumberger Malco, Inc. System and method for an ISO7816 complaint smart card to become master over a terminal
US6212637B1 (en) * 1997-07-04 2001-04-03 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Method and apparatus for en-bloc verification of plural digital signatures and recording medium with the method recorded thereon
US6314519B1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2001-11-06 Motorola, Inc. Secure messaging system overlay for a selective call signaling system
IL124594A0 (en) * 1998-05-21 1998-12-06 Nds Ltd Context saving system
EP1090480B1 (en) * 1998-06-03 2019-01-09 Cryptography Research, Inc. Improved des and other cryptographic processes with leak minimization for smartcards and other cryptosystems
US6105139A (en) * 1998-06-03 2000-08-15 Nec Usa, Inc. Controller-based power management for low-power sequential circuits
CA2309627A1 (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-04-06 Hughes Electronics Corporation An apparatus for providing a secure processing environment
US20020057796A1 (en) * 1998-12-24 2002-05-16 Lambert Robert J. Method for accelerating cryptographic operations on elliptic curves
US6463537B1 (en) * 1999-01-04 2002-10-08 Codex Technologies, Inc. Modified computer motherboard security and identification system
US7006999B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2006-02-28 Xerox Corporation Method for enabling privacy and trust in electronic communities
JP3582422B2 (en) * 1999-10-19 2004-10-27 株式会社デンソー Security module
US7016494B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2006-03-21 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Multiple cryptographic key precompute and store

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5174256B2 (en) 2013-04-03
WO2001093216A1 (en) 2001-12-06
FR2809894A1 (en) 2001-12-07
US20030163699A1 (en) 2003-08-28
HK1052785A1 (en) 2003-09-26
EP1290647B1 (en) 2003-11-19
JP2012133390A (en) 2012-07-12
PT1290647E (en) 2004-04-30
DE60101275T2 (en) 2004-09-09
KR100829654B1 (en) 2008-05-16
ATE254783T1 (en) 2003-12-15
FR2809894B1 (en) 2002-10-25
JP2003535538A (en) 2003-11-25
ES2213119T3 (en) 2004-08-16
EP1290647A1 (en) 2003-03-12
KR20030028746A (en) 2003-04-10
US7802098B2 (en) 2010-09-21
DE60101275D1 (en) 2003-12-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2001274162A1 (en) Cryptography method and smart card microcircuit
MXPA03008141A (en) Automated banking machine processing system and method.
GB2384084A (en) Methods and apparatus for implementing financial transactions
NO995529L (en) Electronic transaction
ZA200208001B (en) Game server, game control method, and game machine.
ZA200208229B (en) Game server, game control method, and game machine.
ZA200207878B (en) Game server, game machine, and game control method.
ZA200208419B (en) Game machine, game server, and game control method.
ZA200208078B (en) Game server, game machine, game control server, and game control method.
ZA200207153B (en) Card game monitoring system, card game table and monitoring method.
SG103302A1 (en) Point card, point card processing apparatus, and point card system
WO2001093036A8 (en) Transactional supply chain system and method
WO2004031900A3 (en) Method and apparatus for scheduling a meeting
MXPA02004072A (en) Method and system for performing money transfer transactions.
WO2002102586A3 (en) Cellulose-polymer composites and methods for manufacturing same
WO2001077868A8 (en) System, method and apparatus for international financial transactions
ZA200100561B (en) Cryptographic communication process and apparatus.
SG149682A1 (en) Method and apparatus for effectively performing linear transformations
WO2004010263A3 (en) Method and system for automating business processes
AU2001266950A1 (en) Method and apparatus for processing metals, and the metals so produced
EP1345437A3 (en) Asynchronous configuration
AU2001244592A1 (en) Data generating device, data generating method and data generating program
IL153880A0 (en) Method, apparatus, and system for network-based peer-to-peer business transactions
WO2002001348A3 (en) Method and apparatus for providing real-time operation in a personal computer system
MY129149A (en) Control spending based on time period