AT527133A4 - Mobile micro-hydropower plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile micro-hydroelectric power plant with a Pelton turbine (48) and generator (15) in a single common base housing (3), which has a headwater inlet (33) and headwater outlet (6) on the outside and can be set up without a foundation on four feet (72) and has a transport aid/handles (8), wherein the headwater is supplied to the Pelton turbine (48) inside the common base housing (3) via a headwater assembly (26) which can be replaced as a whole unit and is adjustable in installation height in order to enable the use of different impellers with different jet circle diameters in the Pelton turbine (48) without further adjustments.

Description

Mobile micro-hydropower plant

The invention relates to a mobile micro-hydropower plant for generating electricity, with a turbine and generator in a housing, which can be adapted to and operated with any water source supplied via a hose or pipe (the invention is abbreviated to "MKWK"). The mobile micro-hydropower plant described in more detail below has a single basic housing in which all components of the micro-hydropower plant are housed in the form of exchangeable modules/assemblies. An underwater basin is integrated into the basic housing. All required connections (sockets, connections for PV panels, connectors for data cables), external devices (sensors, LTE routers) and the connections for the drive water inlet and

Headwater outlets are mounted on the outside of the base housing.

Depending on the design variant, the micro hydropower plant has an exchangeable

Turbine module for changing the turbine type between Pelton or Kaplan turbine.

An internally height-adjustable and replaceable headwater assembly in the version with a Pelton turbine makes it possible to easily change the turbine runner to a different jet diameter. In addition, either a linear headwater assembly with a fixed nozzle or a headwater assembly with a needle nozzle can be installed. The MKWK also has a modular control system for manual or fully automated operation, replaceable power electronics components depending on the power range, a battery storage system and all the necessary electrical components for IT or TNS network provision and can be combined directly with PV modules if required.

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[0001] The principle of using hydropower has been known for a long time. There are various forms of turbines or water wheels that convert the kinetic energy of the water into a rotational movement. These include, for example: free-jet turbines such as the Pelton turbine, but also cross-flow turbines such as the Francis, Ossberger or Kaplan turbine. They differ in their operating principle, the design of the turbine blades and the options for control and alignment.

in the water flow.

[0002] Pelton turbines are generally used in hydroelectric power plants with high heads and low flow rates. They resemble a water wheel. During operation, the water flows at high speed onto the blades, which consist of two half-shells with a cutting edge in the middle. This deflects the water jet by almost 180° and transfers its energy to the turbine wheel. Pelton turbines can be installed horizontally or

can be installed vertically and operated with one or more nozzles.

[0003] A needle nozzle is usually used to regulate the power or flow. With the needle nozzle, a drop-shaped needle can be moved out of or into the nozzle mouth via a spindle or cylinder drive in order to regulate the flow of water. This technology is available in various variations in

Use, see CH000000050409A or CH000000303773A.

[0004] In a Pelton turbine, the control elements for the turbine usually consist of an adjustable needle nozzle, a jet deflector and, in rare cases, a non-adjustable nozzle. These components of the water inlet are always firmly connected to the turbine housing. As described in A7000000378088B, there are also

Small hydroelectric power plants with interchangeable nozzles to adjust the amount of water.

[0005] Kaplan turbines are used in hydroelectric power plants with low head heights and high flow rates. There are various designs of this type of turbine, e.g. horizontal as a tube turbine or vertical as a shaft turbine. The Kaplan turbine is an axial flow overpressure turbine. The blades are usually adjustable. In front of the runner is the control unit, which has so-called guide vanes. It ensures an optimal flow to the runner blades by correctly adjusting the guide vanes at

different amounts of water.

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The power plant is connected to the weir system via a penstock.

[0007] The power plant house contains a turbine with a housing, whereby this turbine is adapted to the respective body of water. In some cases, the turbine unit is also referred to as

Container placed on a concrete slab.

[0008] More modern hydroelectric power plants can also be installed directly in a river and have various modules that are inserted into the bed of the river. This principle is described in EP000002917416B1. A slightly modified technique for installing a turbine in or on a river results in

from the patent specification EP000002959159B1.

[0009] This also includes shaft turbines with a low head, which, due to their design, enable an even higher flow speed in the turbine. These are also installed directly next to or in a flowing water. Such a construction option is used in

EP000002794998B1 is described in more detail.

[0010] Floating power plants, as already described in patent DE000003210375C2 and their technology in DE000002820760A1, float on or under the surface of a flowing water and are anchored with ropes to the bank or the bottom. They

utilize the flow velocity of the water.

[0011] In addition, micro hydroelectric power plants for small outputs are already known, which accommodate the turbine and the generator in a housing and have a flow inlet and outlet opening on this housing. These power plants cannot be moved during operation and are anchored in or next to a flowing water with or on a foundation. Technical details of this can be found in the utility model DE202009012203U1. A similar technical design of turbine, generator and gearbox in a housing can be found in the patent

AT000000378088B.

[0012] All electrical components, such as a PLC for control, relays, circuit breakers, FI’s, insulation monitors, sensors, measuring transducers and other electrical

Installation materials are state of the art and available on the market.

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(B6U) and downstream LC filter in the DC circuit.

[0014] A controller for forwarding excess energy in isolated network operation in the event of overvoltage to a heating resistor using PWM modulation in the DC circuit behind the rectifier is known from photovoltaic systems. Another possibility for dissipating excess energy in isolated network operation can be a control based on the frequency

in the three-phase circuit at the generator output, as already described in AT000000378088B.

[0015] The combination of several renewable energy systems as a network is also state of the art. There are already possibilities to combine photovoltaic and wind energy systems via

to operate a common control unit (charge controller or hybrid inverter).

[0016] The use of photovoltaics on or in buildings that are used for hydropower has already proven itself in many cases. One approach is, for example, the installation of PV panels on stationary buildings, such as turbine houses or weirs. A mobile regenerative energy storage solution is also known as a closed system (see DE202022002130U1) which includes a water turbine, PV modules, water pump and a

tank.

[0017] Mobile power generation plants, which are able to provide their own island network or can actively feed into an upstream network and comply with ÖVE 8101 (formerly ÖVE-EN 1 Part 4 853), are portable and can be moved during operation, are currently only available with combustion engines or as transportable battery storage systems, which

Offer charging options via photovoltaics or mains power.

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[0018] Small or micro hydroelectric power plants have been used for some time to supply buildings such as alpine pastures, hunting lodges and shelters or farms in remote areas. They are also used to produce electricity in areas with existing electricity infrastructure, but mostly in the form of stationary power plants. Both well-known stationary and existing mobile and modular small or micro hydroelectric power plants are used.

Micro-hydropower plants have some disadvantages.

[0019] Both known stationary and existing mobile and modular hydroelectric power plants are dependent on a flowing water or water reservoir and are designed to use such a water. All of these power plants are placed next to or above a flowing water and are supplied by a penstock from a higher stream catchment or reservoir. Other power plants that use the current float on or under the water surface and are also dependent on a flowing water. There are also mobile and modular small hydroelectric power plants that can be installed directly in the stream bed and form a kind of combination of weir and power plant as described in E£P000002917416B1. However, the use of

The power plant will interfere with the course of the water and dam up the water.

[0020] Almost all "mobile" hydroelectric power plants, even if the turbine and generator are housed in a housing (also possible as a container version) (DE202009012203UT), require a foundation or a concrete slab for installation or another solid anchoring. Installation with feet on a level surface, without further securing and transport by hand is known from 47000000378088B. Other possibilities for setting up such a small hydroelectric power plant without any problems on steep terrain

or to be able to move on rollers on the level are only possible with external aids.

[0021] Stationary small hydroelectric power plants require significantly more construction work and land interventions. In many places, however, this should be avoided in order to keep the impact on the environment as low as possible. In addition, these small hydroelectric power plants have a long lead time with planning, ordering, production and assembly and cannot simply be put into operation. Stationary plants are unsuitable for use in remote areas and, due to the construction effort, are not profitable for supplying an alpine hut, for example. Plants which are only needed for summer operation, for example, or which are not used at certain times due to official requirements,

Low water levels remain unused.

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or without existing flowing water is therefore not easily possible.

[0023] Known hydroelectric power plants have only minimal options for adapting to different bodies of water or to the pressure (head of fall) and the water supply. A simple change between two completely different turbine types such as Pelton and Kaplan turbines, a simple change of the turbine wheel for a different head of fall (pressure) and the associated necessary adjustments to the turbine housing, nozzles and fittings for the water supply are not possible. All known stationary or mobile hydroelectric power plants cannot generally be simply equipped with a different turbine wheel (larger/smaller) or turbine type. Subsequent changes or adaptation to a different body of water are time-consuming, expensive and involve construction and planning work. Existing small hydroelectric power plants, depending on the design, only offer the option of exchanging nozzles on Pelton turbines in order to influence the jet diameter. However, they have very little adaptability.

other bodies of water/water sources.

[0024] Gearboxes, such as those used in some mobile small hydropower plants to optimize speed, cause more efficiency losses, increased

noise emissions and increased maintenance requirements.

[0025] All known hydroelectric power plants for generating electricity are used either in isolated operation in remote areas or, if the infrastructure is available, in parallel to the grid (i.e. feed-in operation). The known versions of mobile small hydroelectric power plants, which are designed for isolated operation, require a qualified electrician for commissioning because additional electrical installations such as the installation of protective devices such as insulation monitors or circuit breakers for the connected consumers must be ensured. The operation of such a hydroelectric power plant in a different grid type is not possible without further modifications to the electrical technology. Furthermore, optimal power provision without battery storage and inverters in an isolated grid is very difficult because the maximum consumption can be the bottleneck power of the turbine.

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to be able to.

[0027] Buildings in remote areas often already have small photovoltaic systems for self-supply. However, these usually only have small battery storage units and the PV modules do not have sufficient power during periods of bad weather to supply everyday appliances such as refrigerators, stoves, heating, etc. alone. The integration of a small hydroelectric power plant into such a PV system, where possible, can only be achieved with increased electrical installation effort. At this point, there is a lack of a simple combination and connection option for mobile small hydroelectric power plants and PV

modules or PV systems.

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[0028] The disadvantages listed above are to be eliminated or avoided by implementing a compact micro-hydropower plant which is mobile, accommodates all components in a basic housing in the form of exchangeable modules/assemblies, can be used on any type of water source and is adaptable to it, has a battery storage system, can be combined with photovoltaics and can be operated safely and by laymen without modifications in any type of network (island, parallel, feed-in operation).

become.

[0029] The micro hydropower plant described in the above paragraph will be described below (as

(also abbreviated as “MKWK” in the description).

[0030] The task of the MKWK is to be a mobile "plug and play" power generation plant, enabling optimal energy generation from any connected water source and safe operation when feeding into an upstream network or when providing an island network. The MKWK should be very easily adaptable to the most diverse conditions in terms of installation location and water supply (with regard to water quantity and water pressure). This should enable use in remote regions, for example, but also in the

Industry for the use of process water.

[0031] In order to achieve a high degree of mobility and thus be able to be used in the most remote and difficult to access areas, all components of the MKWK are housed in a basic housing (also known as the "power plant housing") made of light metal, which is equipped with carrying handles. Due to its design, it can be placed on a Euro pallet (120x80cm) with the standard feet. The MKWK is even more mobile thanks to easily attachable rollers and can easily be moved with flexible hose lines during operation. The MKWK has special, interchangeable installation platforms, which enable it to be installed indoors, outdoors or even on steep terrain without any further construction or foundation measures. The transport sled developed also enables transport over

Snow, grass and mud as well as with a crane or helicopter.

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[0033] Depending on requirements, the fully automated version of the MKWK also contains

Warning lights, a temperature sensor and an outdoor cellular router on the outside of the housing.

[0034] For easy access to the turbine, a maintenance cover is mounted on the side in front of the turbine housing behind it. Underneath there is a

Maintenance cover for the underwater basin adjacent to the turbine housing below.

[0035] Access to the interior of the base housing is via a hinged lid

guaranteed.

[0036] Depending on the power class and design variant, the interior of the base housing is divided into two areas by a partition wall, which has openings on the top for air circulation, in order to protect the components of the power electronics, the control system and the internal batteries against the ingress of water in the event of an internal leak in the water supply assembly, the turbine housing or the shaft seal. In every design, whether with or without a partition wall, there are small drainage openings in the rear corners of the base housing in order to protect the components of the power electronics, the control system and the internal batteries against the ingress of water in the event of an internal leak.

to prevent flooding of the base housing.

[0037] Furthermore, there are various and interchangeable modules or assemblies inside the basic housing. The internal structure in interchangeable or adjustable modules or assemblies enables the MKWK to be adapted to any operating conditions and locations.

can be easily adapted, especially to the respective water supply.

[0038] An even easier adaptability to different water sources is achieved by the exchangeable turbine module, which makes it possible to switch between a Pelton or

Kaplan turbine without having to change the common base housing.

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suitable turbine with a different jet circle diameter.

[0040] In addition, the entire water turbine assembly with all its individual components can be removed from the base housing in one piece and thus, when changing the turbine type (as described above) against a water turbine assembly with, for example, a larger

pipe diameter or other nozzle shape (needle nozzle or fixed nozzle).

[0041] The nozzle type (needle nozzle or fixed nozzle) and the nozzle size can be changed. With a fixed nozzle, different nozzle diameters can be achieved by changing the nozzle. The needle nozzle can adjust the flow depending on the water supply.

(beam diameter) control.

[0042] The underwater basin integrated into the base housing makes it possible to set up and operate the MKWK in any environment (such as basements, industrial halls, grounds) even without water. The used water can be returned using a pipe or hose line thanks to this integration of the underwater basin. The water therefore does not escape unregulated from the turbine housing or the common

base housing.

[0043] Another advantage is the one-sided bearing of the turbine impeller, which sits directly on the generator shaft. This eliminates any gears or belt drives that could lead to a

lead to loss of efficiency.

[0044] The electrical components of the MKWK are also modular and interchangeable. This allows for easy adaptation of all electrical components as required.

Components such as generators, rectifiers, inverters as well as switch and control panels.

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realized by means of an MPPT charge controller with an adapted power characteristic.

[0046] Depending on the type of network chosen, a pure charge controller with inverter, a

Hybrid inverters or just one inverter are used.

[0047] With Pelton turbines, maximum bottleneck powers of approx. 6kW and

with a Kaplan turbine of 2kW.

[0048] When operating in an isolated network or as a pure self-consumption system with an upstream network, the turbine may accelerate above the nominal speed if the power consumption is low and the storage is full (only with a fixed water nozzle). To prevent this phenomenon, the excess energy from the DC circuit can be transferred to a heater (for domestic water or air heating) using the PWM method. The input variable for

This regulation is the resulting overvoltage in the DC circuit.

[0049] Depending on the design variant, a power plant can be implemented for pure feed-in or island/self-consumption operation. The only network types in feed-in operation are TNS (protection with FI/LS). In island/self-consumption operation, switching takes place between TNS (protection with FI/LS) and IT (protection with ISO monitor). Depending on the power plant type, different connection connections (CEE plugs) are used. For the simple installation of earth spikes for the correct earthing of the MKWK, a screw connection is required.

provided under the box.

[0050] In all operating modes, you can choose between 1 and 3 phase operation.

When feeding in a 3-phase feed-in, it only occurs from 0.8 kW bottleneck power.

[0051] The storage and the generator circuit are always designed as isolated

network operated.

[0052] A PLC with visualization (web server) is used for control. Remote control is possible via LTE router or wired network connection.

possible.

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Mechanical locking mechanisms are just a few of the key points.

[0054] The control and operating elements are clearly visible on the electrical installation 2. The electrical installations 1+3 mainly accommodate the power supplies,

Switch, distribution and protection devices.

[0055] Analogue voltage displays and pressure gauges are installed to monitor the essential operating parameters. The power plant has digital measurements of current, voltage and speed in the generator circuit, water pressure and temperature as well as external and

indoor temperature.

[0056] In conjunction with the design of the motor slide and/or needle nozzle (depending on the design variant), a reliable and fully automated control of the turbine

possible.

[0057] The MKWK can be designed with internal and/or external battery storage. The option to expand to 24V, 48V or higher (depending on the power class) is available via a DC high-current socket on the housing. In the future, an additional

Connector provided for a control line to the external battery storage.

[0058] For even greater energy production or as a replacement in the event of a changing water supply, photovoltaic modules can be connected directly to the MCHP using DC connectors to another MPPT controller input of the power electronics (charge controller and inverter or hybrid inverter) and thus integrated into the provided or fed network. A special bracket for PV modules on the front of the basic housing can be mounted on it. The integration of additional PV modules

away from this bracket is possible.

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drawings are explained in more detail. These drawings show:

Fig. 1 shows an isometric view from the right front of the closed MKWK Fig. 2 shows an isometric view from the right front of the opened MKWK Fig. 3 shows an isometric view from the left front of the opened MKWK

Fig. 4 shows a front view of the opened MKWK

Fig. 5 shows a rear view of the opened MKWK

Fig. 6 shows a side view from the right of the opened MKWK

Fig. 7 shows a side view from the left of the opened MKWK

Fig. 8 shows a top view of the opened MKWK

Fig. 9 shows a side view (right) of the headrace assembly, turbine, etc.

generator as well as the drain of the underwater basin and the power water outlet

Fig. 10 shows an isometric view from the right of the penstock assembly, turbine housing, rear cover for the penstock assembly as well as generator and turbine

Fig. 11 shows a side view from the right of the water pump assembly in the version with needle nozzle

Fig. 12 shows a sectional view of Fig. 11 along the water jet axis with turbine

and turbine housing along the water jet axis

Fig. 13 shows a sectional view from the front along the axis A-A (see Fig. 8) through the MKWK

Fig. 14 shows a sectional view from the front along the axis B-B (see Fig. 8) through the MKWK

Fig. 15 shows an isometric view from the rear left of the closed MKWK

in the design variant with Kaplan bulb turbine Fig. 16 shows a side view from the right of the closed MCHP in the

variant with Kaplan turbine

Fig. 17 shows an isometric view from the right of the wooden terrain support frame. Fig. 18 shows an isometric view from the right of the steel terrain support frame. Fig. 19 shows an isometric view from the right of the support frame for the

ground-level use

Fig. 20 shows an isometric view from the right rear of the transport carriage

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roller attachments

Fig. 22 shows a side view from the right of the closed MCHP with mounted PV module

Fig. 23 shows an isometric view from the right of the closed MKWK, on which

Mounting frame (Fig.19) mounted, with external battery storage installed

[0060] According to Fig. 1, the "MKWK" comprises at least one power plant housing (3) with an inspection cover for the turbine (7) and an inspection cover for the underwater basin (5), as well as ventilation covers (9). The power plant housing (3) is made of light metal, preferably aluminum. This has the advantage that the MKWK is portable and mobile due to its low weight. In another design variant, the power plant housing is made of a thin steel sheet. The inspection covers (5 & 7) are equipped with so-called profile slots (like a keyhole) and are each fixed with eight lens head screws. If the screws are loosened a little, the entire cover can be removed by turning or moving it. This allows very quick and easy access to the turbine and the underwater basin. For a firm and secure stand, the power plant housing (3) has a total of four feet (2) on the corners on the underside. The feet (2) are attached to the power plant housing (3) by means of a screw connection. Fastening plates with two elongated holes are provided on the upper part of the base for attaching tensioning belts, expanders, tarpaulins and for holding the photovoltaic module substructure (82). The larger plate welded to the base at the bottom serves as a universal interface for fastening to/on all variants of the installation and transport frame as well as to the steerable heavy-duty rollers (80). A hinged lid (1) was installed to provide access to the interior of the power plant housing (3). Carrying handles (8) were attached to the outside of both side walls of the power plant housing (3) so that the power plant can be carried as a whole unit. In order to visually signal the operating status to the operator, one or more flashing lights (4) are installed on the front wall, depending on the version. They serve as a visual warning device in the event of changes in the operating status, such as automatic start-up of the power plant or start-up via remote control command. On the underside of the power plant housing (3), on the right, is the water discharge (6) for the underwater basin and the bypass. The integrated underwater basin (63) serves to

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mountable.

[0061] The schematic diagram in Fig. 2 shows some of the internal components and assemblies. These include the internal temperature sensor (10). Depending on the temperature, the control system (PLC or thermostat) can switch the fans (11) on or off. Inside, the power plant housing (3) can be divided into two chambers (sections), depending on the power class. This is partly due to the spatial separation and partly to protect the electrical equipment in the event of an internal leak. In the event of an internal leak, the partition wall (89) prevents the water from flooding the left chamber, which contains the power and control electronics, but instead flows out through the drainage slots. Fig. 2 shows the fully automatic version with the operating and control panel (14) for local control, as well as the electrical installation panel 1 (12). Depending on the design variant, the MKWK can be operated manually or fully automatically. Depending on the design, the MKWK can contain three or two electrical installation panels. For the manual version, electrical installation panels 2 and 3 (24) are required. All three electrical installation panels (12 & 24) are required for the automation of the MKWK. Electrical installation panel 2 is located under the cover provided for it (13) and has the same dimensions as installation panel 1. The operating and control panel (14) contains, among other things, an Ethernet interface, an emergency stop button, rotary switches and push buttons for local control. In addition, there are also several indicator lights and a buzzer on this (14) for signaling the operating states. In order to give the operator an overview of relevant operating parameters at all times, even during local operation, the voltage of the battery storage (86) and the voltage of the generator (15) are shown via analogue measuring displays (18). A pressure gauge (42) is also installed in every version of the headwater assembly (26). An insulating layer (17) is attached to the inside of the cover (1), which prevents condensation.

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Holding ropes must be replaced.

[0062] In Fig 3, the MCHP is shown in an isometric view from the left. Other components inside the power plant housing (3) as well as various electrical connections are visible. On the left side wall there are two ventilation covers (9) with fans (11) located directly behind them. In conjunction with the identical ventilation cover on the right side wall (Fig. 1 Pos. 9), optimal dissipation of waste heat from the electrical components is ensured. For easy expansion of the battery storage, there is a DC high-current socket (20) on the left side wall visible here. Due to its design, it is possible to conduct high currents from the external battery storage to the inverter. In the variant shown here, there is also an LTE router (21) for remote access to the power plant on the left side wall. This is not required in the manual version. In addition, a 3-pin CCE feed-in socket (22) is installed for connection to an upstream network. If this plug is connected to the active power grid, the power plant must be operated with TNS protective measures. This is ensured by a mechanical and electrical lock on the network selector switch. Directly next to it is a normal 3-pin CEE socket (23), which serves as a load outlet. This means that an IT island network can be provided or operation as a self-consumption system in the TNS network can be carried out. The electrical installation panel 3 (24) is mounted on the partition wall (89). Most of the protective devices for personal and line protection, such as residual current devices, LS and ISO monitors, are located on this. The power measurement and metering is also located on the installation panel 3 (24). The hybrid inverter (25) is located on the partition wall (89) directly next to the electrical installation panel 3 (24). Depending on the design variant, a separate charge controller with inverter, a hybrid inverter or a pure inverter is used. Part of the rectifier housing (27) can be seen in the right-hand chamber. The three-phase current generated by the synchronous generator (15) is rectified and smoothed using a B6U rectifier bridge and LC filter. The control to the best power point is then carried out by the MPPT controller with an adapted power characteristic in the hybrid inverter (25).

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Turbine housing (29) in which the Pelton turbine (48) is accommodated.

[0063] In Fig. 4, the MKWK can be seen from the front. The symmetrical distribution of the components on the front wall is clearly visible. In this design variant, two built-in locks (32) are mounted, as well as four tabs (30) to enable the installation of padlocks. On the underside of the power plant housing,

near the right side wall, the water outlet (6) can be seen.

[0064] Fig. 5 shows the opened MKWK from the rear. On the back or rear wall of the power plant housing (3) there are essential elements which relate to the connections for the penstock (33) and the penstock assembly (26). The connection for the penstock (33) is designed as a tank screw connection with an external thread. This means that various types of coupling can be used for the connection, but preferably a Storz-C coupling. Above this connection is the control cable connection (35), which can connect the power plant to any existing intake structure by means of a control line. In order to enable the control cable and penstock to be laid as easily as possible, this position, not far from the penstock connection (33), was chosen. The outside temperature sensor (36) also finds its place on the rear wall. This means that it is optimally protected from any sunlight. The cover for the penstock assembly (34) is screwed to the power plant casing (3) using cylinder head screws and can be easily removed if necessary for inspections or if the penstock assembly (26) needs to be replaced. If the Pelton turbine (48) is to be replaced with a Kaplan turbine (64), the cover for the penstock assembly (34) is simply replaced with a cover (66) that fits the Kaplan turbine and has the same mounting points for the screw connection. As soon as the cover for the penstock assembly (34) is removed, the penstock assembly (26) can simply be pulled out to the rear. The prerequisite for this is that the nozzle (46) is first removed and the flat-sealing threaded screw connection (45) for the penstock assembly (26) is removed.

is opened.

[0065] In Fig. 6, the opened MKWK is shown in the side view from the right. The view essentially serves to provide a better overview of the MKWK. The feet (2) with the wooden jaws attached underneath to protect the coating. Furthermore, the inspection cover turbine (7) and the inspection cover for the underwater basin (5). The

Ventilation cover (9) as well as the carrying handle (8) and the connection for the water pipe

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to the underwater basin (31) is very well shown in this figure.

The T-piece (31) is connected to a pipe nipple with external thread, which is connected to the bottom of the

integrated underwater basin (63).

[0066] In Fig. 7 the opened MKWK is shown in the side view from the left. For a

To provide a better overview of the MKWK, key component positions were labelled.

[0067] Fig. 8 shows a top view of the opened MKWK. In this illustration, the division and arrangement of the various components and assemblies are clearly visible. In the chamber to the left of the partition wall (89), most of the electrical components are located. In the variant shown, these also include two 12V batteries (41) as internal storage. Via the connection to the DC high-current socket (20), it is possible to expand this internal battery storage (41) and thus increase the storage capacity of the MKWK. To the right of the internal battery storage (41), in an area that is clearly visible to the operator, is the electrical installation panel 3 (24). The adjacent hybrid inverter (25) is connected to the battery storage (41), the rectifier (27) and the sockets (22 & 23). The partition wall (89) is located slightly off-center in the power plant housing (3). The arrangement of the rectifier (27) and the generator (15) with the turbine housing (29) is also clearly visible. In the bottom right corner of the chamber on the right-hand side, which contains the machine set, the turbine housing (29) can be seen from above. In addition, the tool holder (16) is located near the rectifier housing. The tool holder (16) makes it possible to have the right tool immediately to hand in the event of a defect in the system. In addition, the handwheels (Fig. 2 Pos. 52) that are needed in an emergency are located on the tool holder.

in order to be able to close or open the water slide valves (Fig. 9 Pos. 43) manually.

[0068] Fig. 9 shows a side view from the right of the water turbine assembly (26), the Pelton turbine (48) and the generator (15) including its holder (62). In this variant, the water turbine assembly (26) consists of a nozzle (46) with a fixed diameter, which can be quickly mounted on or removed from the reduction (49) in front of it using a thread. This allows the nozzle diameter to be changed quickly in just a few steps. In front of the reduction (49) for the nozzle (46) is the extension pipe (37), which makes it possible to bring the nozzle (46) into an optimal distance from the blade (90) of the Pelton turbine (48). The two wedge valves (43)

serve on the one hand to regulate the water supply to the nozzle (46) and the

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Connection for the control cable (59).

[0069] Fig. 10 shows an isometric view from the right of the water turbine assembly (26), the turbine housing (29), the rear cover for the water turbine assembly (34), the Pelton turbine (48) and the generator (15). Arranged in the turbine housing is the quick-assembly holder (47), which makes it possible to exchange the Pelton turbine (48) as a unit with the attached blades for another turbine runner within a few minutes. The attachment to this quick-assembly holder is made using five cylinder head screws, which are mounted with medium-strength screw locking. In order to ensure the height adjustment of the water turbine assembly (26) mentioned in the previous paragraph [0068], two built-in cover plates (50 & 51) are required, which cover the elongated holes that define the maximum path of the height adjustment. The inner cover plate (50) has the function of collecting the spray water from the Pelton turbine (48), which

at this point on the turbine housing, and the turbine housing

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Belt drive is therefore completely eliminated. This allows for greater efficiency.

[0070] Fig. 11 shows a side view from the right of another variant of the water drive assembly (26) in which a needle nozzle is installed instead of a fixed nozzle (46). The needle nozzle consists of the following components: Nozzle mouth (53), which is connected from the front to the needle nozzle base body (54) by means of a screw flange. A spindle mechanism (55) screwed onto an external thread and the same remaining parts that are compatible with the normal motor slide unit (28). The coupling (57), the gear motor (58), the control connection (59) and the housing for the control board (60) are also the same for both variants. The upper parts of the motor slide unit (28) are also only plugged on in this variant and are screwed onto the hexagon of the spindle mechanism.

fixed.

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when the impeller diameter becomes larger or smaller.

[0072] Fig. 13 shows a sectional view from the front through the MKWK along the axis A-A (see Fig. 8) and allows a view of the vertical arrangement of the levels of the underwater basin (63), generator bracket (62), generator (15) and turbine housing (29). The underwater basin (63) is integrated into the power plant casing (3) in a virtually invisible manner. It thus forms level 0, since the underside of the casing (3) and the underwater basin are at the same height. To the left, the underwater basin extends to the partition wall (89) and to the right it is limited by the inspection cover (5). Above the underwater basin (63) on level 1 is the turbine housing (29). The generator bracket (62) is also located on level 1. The generator (15) and also the rectifier (27) are located on level 2. The lighting inside the turbine housing visible in position (56) switches on automatically when the cover (1) of the power plant casing (3) is opened and enables inspection work in the turbine casing during the day and

Night.

[0073] Fig. 14 shows a sectional view from the front through the MKWK along the axis B-B (see Fig. 8), which runs through the shaft axis of the generator (15) and Pelton turbine (48). An improved view of the attachment of the generator (15) to the turbine housing (29) and the generator bracket (62) as well as of the Pelton turbine on the generator shaft with the quick-assembly holder (47). The quick-assembly holder (47) is pushed over the generator shaft and can be moved axially without the Pelton turbine (48). Only when the turbine runner is mounted is the quick-assembly holder (47) aligned on the front of the generator shaft. In order to avoid unwanted vibrations on the power plant housing (3) and the turbine housing (29),

Generator bracket (62) and the generator (15) under both feet

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can arise.

[0074] Fig. 15 shows an isometric view from the rear left of the closed MCHP in the design variant with a Kaplan tube turbine (hereinafter also referred to as "Kaplan turbine"). It is possible to install a Kaplan tube turbine in the power plant casing (3) without major changes. The inspection cover for the Pelton turbine (7) can be replaced by the inspection cover for the Kaplan tube turbine (94). This differs in that the connection (65) for the headwater outlet is already embedded in the cover. This connection is preferably designed with a Storz A coupling. The cover (94) seals on its inside, all around the connection, with a form-fitting connection to the headwater section behind it, which is equipped with a shaft feedthrough from the generator. When installed, the turbine runner (64) protrudes a little bit into this outlet. The turbine runner of the Kaplan bulb turbine can only be installed after the modified inspection cover (94) has been fitted through the penstock outlet (65). Another part that must be replaced is the cover plate for the penstock assembly (34). Like the inspection cover for the turbine (7), this is replaced by a cover plate for the Kaplan bulb turbine (66) with a pre-installed connection (67) for the penstock inlet. The connection (67) should also preferably be designed with a Storz A coupling. The water flows from the Storz A coupling connection (67) towards the Storz A coupling outlet (65). In the case of MCHP with a Kaplan turbine (64) fitted, the Pelton turbine (48) is omitted, the turbine housing (29) is completely replaced and the generator (15) is replaced depending on the speed. The penstock assembly (26) is replaced by a purely rigid

Piping replaced without bypass branch.

[0075] Fig. 16 shows a side view from the right of the closed MKWK in the design variant with Kaplan turbine. The connections for the water inlet (67) and

The penstock outlet (65) and the Kaplan turbine (64) already installed here are visible.

[0076] Fig. 17 shows an isometric view from the right of the wooden terrain installation frame. The power plant includes a variety of installation and transport frames, which can be adapted to the respective purpose and location. In this illustration, the wooden terrain installation frame (68) can be seen, which essentially consists of squared timbers (12x12cm) and has two wooden ground spikes (95) (12x12cm). The wooden version is the simplest solution for installing the power plant in the terrain and offers the least modularity when it comes to further additions to the MCHP area, such as a

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individual adaptation to the terrain is rather difficult.

[0077] Fig. 18 shows an isometric view from the front right of the galvanized version of the steel terrain installation frame (71). Depending on the variant, it has fixed or adjustable support feet (69) for installation in the terrain. Figure 18 shows the version with adjustable support feet (69), which are driven into the ground and thus ensure a secure stand. Pressure plates (96) are screwed onto the support feet, which are equipped with a joint (95) for terrain adaptation with the function of preventing the support feet from sinking into the ground. The adjustable support feet can be continuously adjusted at the top using the adapter plate with the help of a ratchet and a spindle drive. Another feature are the trays (70), which can be inserted into the frame without any fastening if required, and can be used as a tool tray during assembly or inspections and

such purposes.

[0078] Fig. 19 shows an isometric view from the right of the steel installation frame for ground-level use. The steel installation frame (73) can be seen here, which is designed for ground-level installation. This can be equipped (as in the version shown here) with short feet (72) or with extended feet and with steerable heavy-duty castors (80). In this view, you can see the same insert trays (70) as in the steel off-road installation frame (71). With the extended feet (97), you can insert the external battery storage unit (86) into the steel installation frame (73).

integrate.

[0079] Fig. 20 shows an isometric view from the rear right of the transport carriage. The transport carriage (75) is used for transport through rough terrain and over grass, snow or mud. If necessary, the power plant can remain on this carriage and the transport carriage can be fixed in place in the terrain using the rear and front ground spikes (76 & 79). For further fastening or transport, ropes or tensioning belts can also be fixed in the long holes arranged all around. The adapter plates (77) can be used as a doubling/height jump as required. However, the MKWK can also be attached to the transport carriage without these adapter plates (77). The transport carriage (75) can, as shown in the figure, be pulled using a hand winch, a chainsaw winch and the like. The carriage (75) is also suitable for

transport via crane or helicopter.

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external battery storage (86) in a building.

[0081] Fig. 22 shows a side view from the right of the closed MKWK with the photovoltaic module mounted. Since the MKWK is also a hybrid power generation plant, it can also be combined directly with PV modules. In the variant shown here, the PV modules are suspended from the front wall of the MKWK via a PV substructure (82). When the cover (1) is closed, this construction is protected against theft, as there are no exposed screw connections between the substructure (82) and the power plant housing (3). A telescopic tube of the PV substructure (82) enables the attachment of PV modules of different sizes. The photovoltaic module (81) itself is screwed or clamped from behind. It is also possible to set up additional PV modules in the vicinity of the MKWK away from this substructure and connect them directly to another MPPT controller input of the charge controller or

inverter, via DC connector.

[0082] Fig. 23 shows an isometric view from the right of the closed MKWK, mounted on the installation frame (Fig. 19), with an external battery storage unit inserted. In this illustration, the MKWK is mounted on the steel installation frame (73) with extended feet (97). The external battery storage unit (86) is inserted into the installation frame. This external battery storage unit (86) has ventilation covers (87) with fans behind them for dissipating the waste heat from the batteries. In order to ensure access to the maximum of four storage batteries installed in this design variant at any time, a flap (84) was installed on the front wall of the housing of the battery storage unit (86) as well as a cover (85) on top. On the left side wall there is also the battery main switch, which can switch the DC high-current connection to the MKWK on or off and the plug connections for the main circuit and a control line for the

fan control and the battery temperature sensor.

[0083] This is followed by Fig. 1 to Fig. 23 as well as 3 pages of position numbers and designations.

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Pos.No. Description 1 Cover of power plant housing 2 Stand

3 power plant housing (basic housing) 4 warm lamp(s)

5 Inspection cover underwater basin 6 Headwater outlet 7 Inspection cover turbine

8 Carrying handle 9 Ventilation cover 10 Internal temperature sensor 11 Fan 12 Electrical installation panel 1 13 Cover for electrical installation panel 2 14 Operating and control panel 15 Generator 16 Tool holder 17 Insulation layer 18 Analogue measuring displays 19 Gas pressure cylinder 20 DC high-current socket 21 LTE router 22 CEE feed-in socket 23 CEE socket 24 Electrical installation panel 3 25 Hybrid inverter 26 Headrace assembly 27 Rectifier housing 28 Motor slide unit 29 —Turbine housing 30 Mounting for padlocks 31 T-piece for underwater basin and bypass 32 Cylinder locks 33 Headrace line connection 34 Cover for headrace line component 35 Control cable connection 36 Outside temperature sensor 37 Extension pipe 38 Water temperature sensor 39 © Telescopic pipe with seal 40 Housing for motor + Control 41 Battery (internal memory) 42 Pressure gauge 43 Wedge valve 44 Pressure sensor

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threaded screw connection-flat sealing nozzle

quick-assembly mount Pelton turbine

reduction for nozzle

Inner cover plate for height adjustment Outer cover plate for height adjustment Handwheel for motor slide Nozzle mouth

base body needle nozzle spindle mechanism

Lighting Turbine Housing Shaft Coupling

gear motor

control connection

control board

needle

Generator bracket Underwater basin Kaplan tube turbine Headrace outlet Kaplan

Cover for Headrace Component-Kaplan Headrace Connection-Kaplan

Wooden terrain support frame Adjustable support foot

insert tray

steel terrain support frame base

steel mounting frame

rubber insert

transport carriage

rear ground spike

adapter plate

cable winch

front ground spike

Steerable heavy-duty rollers photovoltaic module

PV module substructure

PV module substructure - telescopic tube flap for external battery storage cover for external battery storage external battery storage ventilation cover

flat gasket generator

partition wall

Pelton bucket

holding and counter holding plate

Page [2] of [3]

crosspiece

needle nozzle

Inspection cover for the Kaplan turbine wooden ground spike

pressure distribution plate

long feet

Page [3] of [3]

Claims (5)

1. Mobile micro-hydropower plant with Pelton turbine (48) and generator (15) in a single common base housing (3), which has a driving water inlet (33) and a driving water outlet (6) on the outside and can be set up without a foundation on four feet (72) and has a transport aid/handles (8), characterized in that the supply of the driving water to the Pelton turbine (48) inside the common base housing (3) takes place via a driving water assembly (26) which can be exchanged as a whole unit and is adjustable in installation height in order to enable the use of different impellers with different jet circle diameters in the Pelton turbine (48) without further adjustments. 2. Mobile micro-hydropower plant according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the headrace assembly (26) adjustable in installation height, a rigid internal piping for the alternative operation of the power plant with a Kaplan tube turbine (64) can be installed. 3. Mobile micro-hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the base housing (3) has an internal underwater basin (63) installed below the turbine housing (29) in order to enable collection and controlled discharge of the processed water via the water outlet (6). 4. Mobile micro hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that on the front side of the base housing (3) with a PV substructure (82) which can be suspended and which can be adjusted to different sizes of PV modules via a telescopic tube (83) integrated into the PV substructure, a direct attachment option for a photovoltaic module (81) at the power plant. 5. Mobile micro-hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the four feet (2), which are each screwed to the underside of the base housing (3) in a corner via the fastening plate on their upper side, form with their second fastening plate on the underside the interface secured by four screws to the adapter plates (77) of the terrain installation frame (71), the installation frame (73) and the transport carriage (75).