AT18154U1 - Metal hot-part insulation element to prevent or reduce the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a textile, partially metallic metal hot part insulation element (also referred to herein as an "insulation element") for preventing or reducing the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health, in the form of an insulating mattress, insulating cushion/pillow, insulating mat, insulating sleeve, insulating molding, insulating element, insulating hood , insulating blanket, glass fabric mat, insulating cassette, hardcover elements or similar and is used for thermal insulation of hot metal parts in a temperature range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C.

Description

Description

METAL HOT PART INSULATION ELEMENT TO PREVENT OR. REDUCING THE FORMATION OF HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS HARMFUL TO ENVIRONMENT AND/OR HEALTH

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a textile or partially metallic metal hot-part insulation element (also referred to herein as an “insulation element”) for preventing or reducing the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health, which is in the form of an insulating mattress, insulating cushion/pillow, insulating mat, insulating sleeve, Insulating molding, insulating element, insulating hood, insulating blanket, glass fabric mat, insulating cassette, hardcover elements, etc. is designed and is used for thermal insulation of hot metal parts in a temperature range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C.

STATE OF THE ART

In principle, various types of insulation elements or insulation systems are known, which are used for thermal insulation and/or sound insulation but also as heat protection for internal combustion engines (such as engines of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machines, rail vehicles and ship engines), engine hot parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particle filters, turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power plants and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

These known insulation elements or insulation systems generally consist of a covering made of textile fabrics using E-glass, ECR-Gilas, basalt or other high-temperature materials, each with or without metal wire reinforcement, each with or without different coatings and/or chemical impregnations as well as on the cold side with laminations made of plastic films and/or metal foils that enclose one or more layers of insulation material, which usually also consist of E-glass, ECR glass, basalt, rock wool or other high-temperature materials that are selected and designed in this way that they can withstand the operating temperatures of the object to be insulated and also have good heat and sound insulation properties.

[0004] Consequently, the known insulation elements or insulation systems serve for thermal insulation and/or sound insulation and/or as heat protection, for temperature maintenance in the system, for heat protection of nearby components from heat or heating or overheating, or to meet other application requirements, e.g. sound insulation, Touch protection, fire protection, occupational safety, etc.

These insulating elements or insulating systems are constructed in various designs, such as in pillow form, i.e. consisting of an inner fabric (so-called hot side), one or more inner insulating materials and an outer fabric (so-called cold side), or also in mattress form , i.e. consisting of an inner fabric (so-called hot side), one or more layers of insulation material in the form of insulation mats, loosely filled insulation materials or combinations thereof, an outer fabric (so-called cold side) and a so-called fabric web (side part), the inner and outer fabric connects and gives the insulation element its box or mattress-like shape.

Further forms of representation are mentioned herein and will not be described in more detail here.

In recent years, the use of E-glass fabrics, ECR glass fabrics, HR glass fabrics, basalt fabrics, calcium silicate fabrics, each with and without wire reinforcement, as carrier and wrapping fabric

lasts. Insulating materials, heat-conducting cement, spray insulation, solid insulation, rock wool mats, E-glass mats, ECR glass mats, HR glass mats, basalt mats, mineral fiber mats are also preferred in this temperature range.

In order to achieve temperature-resistant practicality and durability, some of these, especially the hot-side fabric, are provided with special coatings and/or impregnations. The outer, i.e. cold-side fabric, is often provided with a water- and/or oil-repellent coating and/or impregnation and/or laminated with a plastic film and/or metal foil. Some of the outsides are provided with metallic reinforcement.

[0009] E-glass needle mats, ECR glass needle mats, HR glass fibre mats, so-called superwool products, rock wool, basalt, ceramic fibres or similar insulating materials have proven to be suitable as insulation materials for temperatures in the range of 20°C to 750°C.

All of the above-mentioned insulating fabrics that are currently preferred and all of the above-mentioned high-temperature insulation materials have a not inconsiderable mass content of more than 5% by weight of calcium and/or compounds therewith (in particular oxides thereof).

[0011] During the dismantling or replacement of insulation elements or insulation systems that have been in use, as known from the prior art, dust and/or deposits of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds, in particular chromium(VI) compounds, are now detected.

These can be detected as residues both on the insulated components, on the surface of the inner fabric of these insulation elements or insulation systems, within the insulation elements or insulation systems, and on the surface of the insulation used.

[0013] The heating/heating of hot metal parts (e.g. engines/turbines), high continuous temperatures (400°C-750°C) and possibly the effects of moisture appear to promote the process of formation of heavy metal compounds. However, the permanent temperature of these hot metal parts is not so high that the resulting heavy metal compounds, especially chromium (VI) compounds, volatilize/burn. This requires temperatures of more than 1,000°C.

The amount of heavy metal compounds produced cannot be predicted/limited because each hot metal part is used under different conditions and is therefore exposed to different influences.

[0015] Heavy metal compounds, especially chromium compounds, especially chromium(VI) compounds, are considered to be extremely harmful to health and the environment. They can cause incurable diseases, are considered to be of particular concern, carcinogenic and mutagenic and can lead to death depending on the concentration and contact.

The present invention is therefore based on the technical task of providing an insulating element or insulating system for use at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, which, when used as intended, prevents the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds. very particularly preferably prevents chromium (VI) compounds, or reduces their formation in such a way that the resulting concentration of these compounds does not pose any health or environmentally harmful risks that can be avoided through suitable, reasonable protective measures.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a metal hot part insulation element (1) for preventing or reducing the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health according to claim 1, which is designed at least in one layer or in one layer and thus has at least a first outer layer (2) ( also referred to herein as the lower outer layer),

wherein the first outer layer (2) is designed as a direct contact layer for a metal hot part to be insulated when the metal hot part insulation element is used as intended,

wherein the metal hot part insulation element (1) comprises at least the following due to its three-dimensionality (when used as intended):

- a lower outside (3) (also referred to herein as hot side), which (when the metal hot part insulation element is used as intended) is designed as a direct contact surface for a metal hot part to be insulated, and

- an upper outer side (4) (also referred to herein as cold side) which is arranged opposite the contact surface for the metal hot part,

wherein all components of the metal hot part insulation element (1) consist of materials which contain calcium and calcium compounds with a mass content of less than 5% by weight, in particular calcium and calcium compounds with a mass content of not more than 0.50% by weight.

For example, the first outer layer (2) consists of a film or a textile sheet structure, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably a metal fabric, in particular stainless steel fabric or a stainless steel foil or aluminum foil.

It is advantageous that all components of the metal hot part insulation element (1) consist of materials which contain calcium and calcium compounds with a mass content of less than 5% by weight, in particular calcium and calcium compounds with a total mass content of not more than 0.50 % by weight, when the metal hot part or the metal hot device is used as intended under operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750°C the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health (in particular chromium compounds, especially chromium (Vl) compounds), which are due to chemical reactions between the metallic material of the metal hot part or the steel reinforcements in the insulating elements and the conventional insulating element or insulating material , in particular the calcium contained therein or its compounds (especially oxides), which arise during the intended use of the metal hot device is prevented or reduced.

[0020] In addition, the use of the metal hot part insulation element (1) with the structure according to the invention advantageously reduces the corrosion of the metal hot part - which occurs particularly in the presence of moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation, condensation and ice formation) - due to the chemical reaction between the metallic material of the metal hot part and the conventional insulating elements, in particular with the calcium or its compounds (especially oxides) contained therein, reduced or even prevented. Corrosion is understood to be the chemical reaction of a hot metal part with its surroundings (e.g. with the insulating material), which causes a measurable change in the hot metal part or its structural properties and can lead to an impairment of function.

Further advantageous refinements and further developments result from the subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based on the knowledge that calcium and compounds therewith serve as an oxidizing agent compared to heavy metals, such as chromium, which is used, for example, in steels, and thus the formation of highly toxic metal compounds, for example in the form of metal vapors and metal dusts promotes. The inventors of the present invention have also found that this effect occurs to an increased extent when metal hot parts whose materials contain such heavy metals are whole at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C particularly preferably operated in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular up to 700 ° C, 650 ° C, very particularly preferably up to 600 ° C.

[0023] Various studies seem to confirm the assumption that the image

The formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, in particular chromium compounds, in particular chromium(VI) compounds, is directly related to the use of conventional calcium-containing insulation elements and/or insulation systems and thus to the coexistence of calcium and/or its oxides.

According to the definition in technology and chemistry, the term “heavy metal” includes metals (only non-ferrous metals) with a density > 5 g/cm®. Many heavy metals, especially lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, mercury, selenium and zinc, can be highly toxic to animals and humans as metals, metal ions or in a chemically bound state.

The toxic effect of heavy metals can be strongly dependent on the oxidation state or the chemical compound of the heavy metal. An example of this is chromium, which is non-toxic in elemental form, essential as chromium (III) and toxic and carcinogenic as chromium (VI).

[0026] An example of a specific conversion of “non-toxic” heavy metal compounds into heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health due to the chemical reaction between the metallic material of the metal hot part and the conventional insulation elements containing calcium oxide (CaO) is the oxidation of chromium ( Ill) in chromium(VI) in the presence of oxygen (O2) and temperatures in the range from 400°C to 600°C:

Cr(3,O3 + 2CaO + 3/2 O2 —> 2CaCr Os

In addition, it was found that the maximum of chromium (III) oxidation to chromium (VI) in the presence of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, which is formed from the corresponding oxides in the presence of water, and the associated leaching of health - and environmentally harmful chromium (Vl) compounds from hot metal parts - which are coated or insulated with materials containing these compounds - are to be expected in the range between 150°C and 800°C when using conventional insulation elements and occur more frequently.

METAL HOT PART

[0028] In the context of this invention, the term “metal hot part” refers to metallic hot devices (e.g. internal combustion engines or steam or gas turbines) and metallic components (e.g. supply and discharge systems of hot devices) which, during intended use, have an operating temperature in the range of Reach, produce or be operated with 20°C to 750°C.

The metal hot parts that are insulated with the metal hot part insulation element (1) according to the invention consist of steel or cast steel, which in particular has alloy components containing heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium or niobium. Examples of this are chrome steel (for hot metal parts with operating temperatures of 100 to 300°C), for example for heating systems, turbines; Chrome vanadium steel (for hot metal parts with an upper operating temperature of up to 220°C); Chrome-nickel steel (for hot metal parts with an upper operating temperature of up to 550°C), e.g. for mechanical and apparatus engineering. Further examples of heat-resistant steels containing heavy metals and application examples can be found in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1: EXAMPLES OF HEAT-RESISTANT STEELS CONTAINING HEAVY METALS

Steel grade Application example Upper operating temperature WStE 26 to 36 Fittings, valves c

350-400° WStE 39 to 51

15MnNi 63 fittings, forgings in 350°C

20 MnMOoNi 55 Power generation plants 400°C

19 Mn 5 fittings, fittings, flanges at 500°C

15 Mo 3 steam generator and apparatus construction 500°C

13 CrMo44 500°C

10 CrMo9 10 500°C

14 MoV6 3 550°C

26 NICrMoV 8 5 low pressure steam turbines

26 NiCr 115 300-350°C 26 NiCrMoV 14.5

26 CrMoNIiV 49 medium pressure and high pressure steam turbines

30 CrMoNIiV 5 11 590-550°C X 12 CrNiMo 12 Compressors and compressor blades 550°C

X 21 CrMoV 12 1 fittings, steam and gas turbine rotors 580-600°C X 19 CrMoVNb 11 1 | Rods, blades, rings, disks for gas turbines | 580-600°C X6CrNiTi18-10 heat exchanger 800°C

Examples of metal hot parts within the meaning of the present invention are internal combustion engines (such as engines of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles or ship engines), engine hot parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particulate filters, turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and the like associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power plants and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

[0031] For example, in geothermal power generation, turbines are used as metal hot parts in which (water) steam is used as the working medium with a lower limit of about 180°C. The turbines of geothermal steam power plants must be adapted to the resulting temperatures and be appropriately insulated.

INSULATION MATERIALS

When selecting the material for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts, the purpose of the insulation must be taken into account. Thermal insulation refers to insulation systems against heat radiation or heat loss for hot metal parts (e.g. systems and hot metal devices) as well as to reduce the surface temperature that are operated above the ambient temperature. Depending on the operating temperature of the hot metal part to be insulated, different materials that are used for the insulating element are used for thermal insulation.

In principle, the person skilled in the art knows how to select the suitable materials, whereby he can rely on selection criteria, for example properties of the material, such as thermal conductivity, application limit temperature, water vapor permeability, hydrophobic properties, flow resistance, fire behavior, mechanical properties, vibration behavior, acoustic Properties, proportion of organic components, e.g. in air separation plants, resistance to mold in damp rooms, corrosion behavior, e.g. low content of water-soluble chloride ions in connection with stainless austenitic steels, storage life, transportability, processability, aging resistance, costs of the material used and disposal/recycling. For this purpose, the expert uses well-known tables. Reference is made here, as an example, to DIN 4140, which regulates the implementation of insulation on operational systems in industry and in technical buildings.

disequipment treated. The VDI 2055 series of guidelines is a guideline for calculating and checking the properties of insulating materials and the thermal properties of insulation systems.

The individual components of the metal hot part insulation element can be in the form of laid fabrics, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, nonwovens, felts, cardboard, papers, needle mats, stitch-bonded mats, mats, plates, solidified fibers, similar layers, loose fibers, Powders, granules or in the form of an insulating compound or solid insulation.

According to the invention, low-calcium, particularly preferably calcium-free materials include, in particular, S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fiber, silica, carbon and thermally stabilized intermediate products on the way to carbon fiber, cellulose, Textile fibers (natural fibers, synthetic fibers), metal fibers (e.g. strands, wires, filaments), metals, metal alloys, plastic-coated metals, metal-coated plastics, plastics or mixtures thereof, which are used for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C are suitable.

[0036] A material that is used for the insulating element, in particular an insulating material or an insulating material carrier or an insulating element enveloping material, is low in calcium in the sense of the present invention if it contains calcium, calcium ions and/or calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5 wt. %, preferably in the range from 0 to 4 wt. %, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 3 wt. %, very particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 2 wt. %, 0 to 1.5 wt. %, 0 to 1 wt. %, or 1 to 2 wt. %. Materials are calcium-free in the sense of the present invention if they contain calcium, calcium ions and/or calcium oxide only as unavoidable impurities of a total of not more than 0.50 wt. %, particularly preferably of a total of not more than 0.25 wt. %, very particularly preferably of a total of not more than 0.10 wt. %.

[0037] Particularly advantageous materials of this type that can be used for the insulating element are S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates (e.g. variant 1: SiO2 with 94-97 wt.%, Al;O3 with 3-6 wt.%, others < 1 wt.%; variant 2: SiO>» with 54 wt.%, Al>O3 with 46 wt.%; variant 3: SiO» with 54 wt.%, Al;>O3 with 43 wt.% and Cr»Os with 3 wt.%), aluminosilicates, alumina fiber and silicate glass, since these are low in calcium or calcium-free and are also partly characterized by increased moisture resistance and/or strength.

S-glass (S = Strength) is an aluminum silicate glass that is suitable for high mechanical requirements at high temperatures.

M-glass (M = Modulus) is a glass containing berrylium that is used for the highest mechanical requirements due to its increased rigidity (modulus of elasticity).

Q-glass (Q = quartz) refers to fibers/filaments made of quartz glass (SiO>»), which are usually used at very high temperatures of up to 1,450 ° C (e.g. as fire protection).

D-glass (D = Dielectric) is a borosilicate glass.

Fibers/filaments with a mass content of SiO of more than 94% are referred to as silicate glass. The remaining mass fractions are Al;>Os and approx. 1.5% are other components. Silicate glass is preferably obtained by chemical leaching, whereby calcium components are removed.

Materials otherwise commonly used for the thermal insulation of hot parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, such as artificial mineral fibers, in particular made of E-glass, ECR glass, C-glass, basalt, calcium silicate fibers, CMS fibers (calcium-magnesium silicate), rock wool, slag wool, ceramic fibers have a mass content of calcium oxides of over 5% by weight and are therefore not suitable as low-calcium, particularly preferably calcium-free, materials.

The materials for the insulating element are therefore conventional ECR glass (>15% by weight CaO), E-glass (>15% by weight CaO) and/or C-glass (>10% by weight CaO). ), in particular for components of the metal hot part dimming element according to the invention, which are in direct contact with the metal hot part to be insulated. The aforementioned materials (e.g. as a layer, layer or filling material) are also not suitable for the metal hot part insulating element if they have direct or indirect contact (e.g. leaching through moisture) with the metal hot part or other heavy metal-containing components of the metal hot part insulating element.

Typical compositions of glasses are listed in Table 2 below:

TABLE 2: TYPICAL COMPOSITIONS OF GLASSES

Oxide E-glass [%] | ECR glass [%] |C glass [%] | A-Glas [%] AR-Gilas [%] | S-glass [%] D-glass [%] SiO2 52-56 54-62 64-68 63-72 55-75 64-66 74.0 Al2O3 12-16 9-15 3-5 0-6 0-5 24-25

B2O3 5-10 - 0-6 0-8 3-12 - 22.5 CaO 16-25 17-25 11-15 6-10 1-10 0-0.2

MgO 0-5 0-4 2-4 0-4 - 9.5-10

BaQO - 0-1

Li2zO - - - - 0-0.15

Na2O + K2O_| 0-2 2-5 7-10 14-16 11-21 0-0.2 3.5 TiO2 0-1.5

Fe20Os 0-0.8 0-0.8 - - 0-0, 1

F2 0-1

However, the aforementioned materials that contain calcium and its compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight can be used if they are provided with functional impregnations and/or coatings and/or laminations that are subject to direct chemical Counteract the reaction so that the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to health and the environment, for example chromium compounds, in particular chromium (VI) compounds, is prevented or reduced in such a way that the resulting concentration of these compounds does not cause any health risks or can be avoided through appropriate, reasonable protective measures. and pose environmentally harmful risks.

It can also be provided that the materials which contain calcium and its compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight are pretreated in a chemical process in such a way that they do not contain calcium and its compounds with a mass content of have more than 5% by weight more. For example, special leaching processes and the like can be mentioned here.

[0048] Nevertheless, the aforementioned materials, which contain calcium and its compounds with a mass content of more than 5% by weight, can also be used, for example, as heat-insulating filling materials in the form of loose fibers, powders, granules, insulating material or in any other form described herein technically sensible representation form in a first inner layer (7) and/or in at least a second inner layer (8), since in this case there is no direct contact between the metallic surface of the metal hot part to be insulated and these materials and/or if there is indirect contact (e.g. leaching through moisture) to the metal hot part or other heavy metal-containing components of the metal hot part insulation element must be excluded.

Fibers/filaments consisting of the materials S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers are particularly preferred.

sern, cellulose fibers, textile fibers (in particular natural fibers, synthetic fibers), textile-metallic fibers made of metal (e.g. aluminum), metal alloys (e.g. steel wool), plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic or a core completely coated with metal, and plastic fibers, such as Para -Aramid, meta-aramid, PBl, PBO, polyimide-polypropylene, polyamide or polyester fibers, which are used for the thermal insulation of hot metal parts at operating temperatures in the range from 20°C to 750°C, especially in the range of 200° C to 750°C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400°C to 750°C. Aluminum silicate wool or polycrystalline wool are also suitable as low-calcium materials. In addition, polyurethane/polyisocyanurate rigid foam (PUR/PIR), polystyrene particle foam (EPS) and extruded foam (XPS) as well as flexible elastomer foam (FEF) are particularly suitable materials for insulation in the low temperature range from 20°C to 150°C.

Fibers of plant origin, fibers of animal origin or chemical fibers made from natural polymers are particularly suitable as natural fibers for textiles or textile fabrics. Fibers of plant origin used in particular include seed fibers such as cotton and kapok, among others, leaf fibers such as hemp, jute, ramie, flax (linen), among others, and hard fibers such as sisal, among others. Fibers of animal origin in particular include fine animal hair, such as sheep's wool, alpaca wool, cashmere wool, angora wool, camel hair, etc.; coarse animal hair, such as horsehair, cattle hair, pig bristles, etc. and silks such as mulberry silk, tussah silk, etc. Chemical fibers made from natural polymers are in particular made from regenerated cellulose, such as viscose, viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro; from cellulose esters such as acetate, triacetate; protein fibers such as casein fibers; alginate; Chitin and bio-based polyamides.

[0051] Furthermore, suitable synthetic fibers for textiles or textile fabrics are chemical fibers made from synthetic polymers, such as polyester (PES, PET, PTT, PBT); polyamides (PA); polyimide (Pl); polyamideimide (PAl); Aramids (AR) e.g. meta-aramid, para-aramid; Polyacrylics (PAN); modacrylic (MAC); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Polyethylene (PE, UHMW-PE, HMPE; HP-PE); polypropylene (PP); Polychlorides (CLF; PVC); Elastanes (EL, EA/ELAS, PUE); polybenzoxazole (PBO); polybenzimidazole (PBI); polyurea; melamine (MEL); polyphenylene sulfide (PPS); Trivinyl; Elastolefin (EOL); Elastomultiester (ELE); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA;PVAL); Vinylal (PVAL); Polycarbonate (PC); Polystyrene (PST, PS))

[0052] It is understood that the materials defined herein that can be used for the insulating element can also be used within a layer or as a heat-insulating filling material in combination, for example loosely or as hybrid materials.

[0053] The material that can be used for the insulating element can also be surface modified, e.g. it can contain an organic coating or another modification, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hexamethyldisilazane or alkylsilanes.

A preferred fiber diameter is preferably in the range of 3 µm to 30 µm, particularly preferably 6 µm to 17 µm, most preferably between 6 µm and 9 µm.

[0055] The fibres used are either limited in length (so-called staple fibres or chopped fibres) or endless (filaments).

[0056] In addition, IR opacifying agents, for example in powder form, can be added to the materials that can be used for the insulating element. Examples of suitable materials include C, SiC, ilmenite, zirconium silicate, iron oxide, TiO2, ZrO2, manganese oxide and iron titanate.

Granules and powders, such as pyrogenic silica, aerogels, silicone resins (e.g. polymethylsiloxanes or polyalkylphenylsiloxanes and their copolymers with alkyd, acrylic or polyester resins or polyethers), polyfluorocarbon compounds, acrylic resins, oligomeric siloxanes, organosilanes, are also suitable as heat-insulating filling materials. Silicic acid esters or silicates with hydrophobic additives, siliconates, stearates, paraffins, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, wax esters, ceresins, bitumen, alkyd resins, acrylate copolymers (e.g. also organosilicon-acrylate copolymers), styrene copolymers (e.g. butadiene-styrene copolymers or carboxylated ones butadiene-styrene copolymers), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl propionate, polystyrene acrylates, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl terpolymers, polyolefins, ethylene copo-

Polymers, propylene copolymers, thermoplastic polymers and polymer blends (e.g. made from polyethylene or polypropylene and ethylene/vinyl acetate or ethylene/acrylate copolymers, optionally crosslinked with silane to increase the softening temperature) and carbon. The materials used for the insulation element can be used individually or in combination.

METAL HOT PART INSULATING ELEMENT

[0058] In the context of the invention, the term “metal hot part insulation element” is to be understood as a thermal insulation for metal hot parts (as defined herein) which is used as heat protection against heat radiation (e.g. against components located nearby) or against heat loss to maintain the temperature in the system for metal hot parts which are operated above the ambient temperature, preferably at temperatures in the range from 20°C to 750°C, in particular in the range from 200°C to 750°C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400°C to 750°C.

[0059] The thickness of the metal hot part insulation element according to the invention is in the range from 6 µm (e.g. foils) to 150 cm, 0.5 mm to 100 cm, preferably in the range from 1 to 90 cm, 1 to 80 cm, 1 to 70 cm, 1 to 60 cm, 1 to 50 cm, 1 to 40 cm, particularly preferably from 10 to 300 mm, 10 - 250 mm, 10 to 200 mm, 10 to 150 mm, very particularly preferably from 10 to 140 mm, to 130 mm, to 120 mm, to 110 mm, to 100 mm, to 90 mm, to 80 mm, to 70 mm, to 60 mm, to 50 mm, to 40 mm, to 30 mm, to 20 mm.

[0060] The metal hot part insulation element according to the invention is designed to be at least single-layered or single-ply, so that it comprises at least one so-called outer layer (2) which is designed as a contact surface for a metal hot part.

The insulating element according to the invention can also be designed in multiple layers, preferably from two, three, four, five or more layers or in multiple layers. Multi-layer insulation is insulation made up of several layers of the same material (including material mixtures), while multi-layer insulation is insulation made up of several layers, with at least two layers consisting of different materials (including material mixtures).

The selection of whether the metal hot part insulation element according to the invention is designed as a single layer/single layer or multi-layer/multilayer, the selection of the materials used and the determination of the thickness of the metal hot part insulation element depend on the energy efficiency to be achieved of the metal hot parts to be thermally insulated.

The basis for determining insulation layer thicknesses, for example according to the VDI 2055 Sheet 1 guideline, are operational and economic requirements as well as legal requirements and regulations for environmental protection, e.g. the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV).

Operational requirements are, for example: compliance with a predetermined upper limit for heat flux density or total heat loss, compliance with a predetermined surface temperature to protect against burns and to reduce the risk of ignition as well as to avoid condensation and ice formation, limiting the temperature change of a medium within a predetermined time for a stationary medium, e.g. temperature drop in a container, or within a given distance for a flowing medium, e.g. temperature drop in a pipe. From an economic point of view, capital expenditure and heat loss costs for the insulation layer thickness to be determined should result in a minimum; capital expenditure for increasing energy efficiency and the costs caused by heat loss must be optimized.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element (1) comprises at least a second outer layer (5) (also referred to herein as the upper outer layer), which (when the metal hot part insulation element is used as intended) is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), the second Outer layer (5) has calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight.

[0066] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the second outer layer (5) or upper

Outer layer (5) is calcium-free.

The individual layers or layers of the insulating element can be connected to one another using suitable joining techniques. For example, the layers or layers can be sewn together, welded, quilted, glued, needled, stapled, bound or connected via other connection options. If necessary, a joining technique between the individual layers can also be dispensed with, for example by suitable folding or folding, or a combination of the above-mentioned joining techniques can be used.

The layers or layers of the insulating element according to the invention can also be connected to a single or multi-layer side wall (6) or a corresponding side part and thus give the metal hot part insulation element a box-like or mattress-like shape. The side wall can, for example, be formed as a separate side part, which is connected to the lower outer layer (2) and the upper outer layer (5) by suitable joining techniques described herein, or by so-called darts of the lower outer layer (2) or the upper outer layer (5). become. Other forms of representation are also conceivable and are not described in more detail here. The side wall (6), together with the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5), provides a so-called casing of the metal hot part insulation element, which creates a free space which can be filled by at least one first inner layer. The first inner layer and further inner layers of the metal hot part insulation element can be designed in any technically sensible form of representation described herein. The first inner layer and further inner layers of the metal hot part insulation element can, for example, be loose or in the form of mats, panels, papers, cardboard, felt, fleece or as a container.

The materials defined here are suitable as materials that can be used for the side wall or the first and any further inner layer. As described above, one or more inner layers can be selected depending on your needs and area of application.

According to a preferred embodiment, the single-layer or multi-layer side wall (6) is designed to be low in calcium, preferably calcium-free.

[0071] As already described above, the presence of moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation, dew and ice formation) can lead to an increased leaching of heavy metal compounds or precursor compounds thereof that are harmful to health and the environment. For this reason, it proves to be particularly advantageous if the entire casing of the insulating element according to the invention consists of materials that are low in calcium, preferably calcium-free, so that all possible (outward-facing) contact surfaces or points of the metal hot part insulating element that can come into contact with the metal surface of the metal hot part do not contribute to the formation of toxic (heavy) metal vapors and (heavy) metal dust during the intended use of the metal hot part.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment, the outer layer of the metal hot part insulation element consists of a metal mesh, in particular stainless steel mesh or a film, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably stainless steel foil. At least the metal hot part insulation element is preferably covered with such a film. When using films, the metal hot part insulation element is a "closed system" on the outside of the metal hot part, so that direct contact between the metal hot part and the materials used for the insulation element is prevented. This advantageously allows a possible filling of the metal hot part insulation element or other layers and/or layers in the first or second inner layer to be made of low-calcium insulation materials without any concerns. The hot side is preferably a stainless steel mesh, i.e. slightly permeable, which has a positive effect on the heat ingress "hot on insulation material" so that effective thermal insulation is guaranteed. In order to prevent direct heat transfer hot/cold, it is advantageous if the cold side and side wall are not a fully metallic layer.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot-part insulating element (1) has a casing, the casing comprising the following components, which are provided to delimit the insulating element from the surroundings:

- a first outer layer (2), which is designed as a direct contact surface for the hot metal part,

- a second outer layer (5) arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), and

- optionally at least one side wall (6), which connects the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5) and thus gives the metal hot part insulation element a box-like or mattress-like shape,

wherein the casing of the metal hot part insulating element consists of materials that are low in calcium, preferably calcium-free.

[0074] It goes without saying that the individual components of the casing, namely the lower outer layer (2), the upper outer layer (5) and one or more side walls (6), depending on the area of application, are each independent of one another in one or more layers or can be designed in one or more layers. The individual layers or layers can also be connected to one another using suitable joining techniques mentioned above.

In order to reduce or at best prevent destruction of the metal hot part insulation element due to vibration and/or relative movements of the insulation elements to one another or between insulation elements and the metal hot part to be insulated, individual components of the metal hot part insulation element, i.e. at least one outer layer (2, 5) or at least one side wall (6) in whole or in part, particularly preferably the entire casing of the insulating element, very particularly preferably the entire metal hot part insulating element in the form of laid fabrics, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, nonwovens, felts, cardboard, papers, needle mats, sewn-knit mats , mats, plates, solidified fibers or similar layers.

[0076] In addition, the metal hot part insulating element can be wholly or partially reinforced with a woven, knitted, knitted, or otherwise manufactured metallic sheet structure, which absorbs the vibrations of the hot part to be insulated.

According to a preferred embodiment, the entire casing of the metal hot part insulation element, i.e. the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5) and the at least one side wall (6) as a heat-insulating textile fabric, is plastic film, metal film, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic , or mixtures thereof.

A textile fabric is a scrim, bundle, woven fabric, knitted fabric, braid, fleece, felt, cardboard, paper, needle mat, stitch-bonded mat, mat, plate, solidified fibers or similar layers.

Foils, in particular metal foils, particularly preferably stainless steel foils (perforated or unperforated), or metallic fabrics can also be considered as materials for the casing of the metal hot part insulation element.

[0080] It has proven to be advantageous that the casing of the metal hot part insulation element is designed entirely or partially in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet.

[0081] On the one hand, this structure is advantageous if materials that are not low in calcium or calcium-free are used as the inner layer (7) or as heat-insulating filling material, for example for cost reasons, so that they are shielded from direct contact with the metal hot part.

Nevertheless, this structure is particularly preferred if the hot metal parts to be insulated are exposed to increased exposure to external moisture (e.g. rainwater, condensation and/or ice formation) or external mechanical stress.

[0083] Furthermore, this construction allows the metal hot part insulation element to be connected to the metal hot part (as defined herein), e.g. by welding, pressing, screwing, gluing, or other connection options.

[0084] According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element can be completely or partially covered by a metallic jacket (9) in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet (these are calcium-free from the outset). In this case, it can also be provided that the metallic jacket (9) is connected to the metal hot part (as defined herein), e.g. by welding, pressing, screwing, gluing, or other connection options.

The metallic jacket (9) in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet can be designed in the form of a half or full shell.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element (1) comprises at least one first inner layer (7), the at least one first inner layer (7) being in the form of a layer (i.e. single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer), as a heat-insulating layer Filling material or in any technically useful form described herein (i.e. for example in the form of loose fibers, powders, granules or insulating material as defined herein).

If the inner layer (7) is designed as a layer, it can be designed as a textile fabric, plastic film, metal foil (such as stainless steel foil), plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or mixtures thereof.

In one exemplary embodiment, the metal hot-part insulation element is a three- or multi-layer insulation element or insulation system, in the form of a single- or multi-layer lower outer layer (2), a single- or multi-layer upper outer layer (5), and a single-layer or multi-layer inner layer (7). The presence of side walls (6) is not necessary with this structure.

Each component of the insulating element according to the invention can optionally be provided with functional equipment, coatings, impregnations and/or laminations (in particular with metal foils) and can contain and/or be made from metal fibers, strands, wires or filaments.

In order to easily adapt the metal hot part insulating element (e.g. during installation) to the shape of the hot device, it is designed as a textile or partially metal metal hot part insulating element, preferably the metal hot part insulating element is constructed in such a way that its shape corresponds to the contour of the hot device in a thickness around the thickness of the entire Metal hot part insulation element padded shape corresponds (offset).

[0091] In addition, the use of textile or partially metallic metal hot part insulation elements has proven to be particularly advantageous if they are inherently low in calcium. The textile or partially metallic metal hot part insulation elements are particularly preferably calcium-free from the outset.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, all components, i.e. the insulation element casing, comprising outer layers (2, 5) and possibly side walls (6) as well as the inner layers (7, 8) or the insulation element filling of the metal hot part insulation element, consist of materials that contain calcium and its compounds (in particular oxides therewith) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight. This means that all components consist at least of low-calcium materials, ideally of calcium-free materials. This structure proves to be particularly advantageous if permeable materials such as scrims, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, fleeces, felts, solidified fibers or the like are used for the casing of the metal hot part insulation element and/or the metal hot parts to be insulated are exposed to increased exposure to external moisture (e.g. rainwater, condensation and ice formation) and thus leaching of conventional materials described herein is to be expected.

[0093] This structure is also advantageous if the metal hot part insulation element is used for heat

Insulation of hot metal parts is used, which radiate heat to such an extent that even the outside temperature of the “cold side” of individual insulation elements of an insulation system may still be within a temperature window where chromium (VI) can possibly still be formed on the surface of the cold side. This often occurs with multi-layer dam systems, for example with turbine insulation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the casing of the metal hot part insulation element consists of a foil, in particular a metal foil, particularly preferably stainless steel foil. At least the metal hot part insulating element is preferably covered with such a film. In both cases, the metal hot part insulation element is a “closed system” to the outside, so that, for example, the penetration of moisture into the metal hot part insulation element and penetration to the metallic surface of the metal hot part insulation element and the associated leaching of calcium and its compounds from the materials is prevented. This advantageously allows a possible filling of the metal hot part insulation element or other layers and/or layers in the first or second inner layer to be safely made from low-calcium materials, as defined herein.

This prevents the direct release of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health into the environment, since there is no direct contact between the metallic surface of the metal hot part insulation element and a calcium-containing layer. Under these circumstances, heavy metal compounds can only form within the metal hot part insulation element, for example on an internal contact surface of the lower/upper outer layer to the first and/or second inner layer (insulating material), with the release of heavy metal compounds into the environment due to the way in which the casing is designed, namely as a “closed system” (e.g. as a film or metal foil), whereby the casing acts as a barrier. However, it may happen that a metal hot-part insulation element with this structure has to be disposed of as hazardous waste.

[0096] Alternatively, it can be provided that the lower outer layer (2), which is designed as a direct contact layer for a metal hot part to be insulated, or the lower outer side (3) or the metal hot part itself, has a dimpled or essentially transverse or diagonally corrugated or grooved surface (surface with elevations) (surface with elevations). Dimples can be used, for example, in the form of pyramids, truncated pyramids, truncated cones, endless wedges and/or hemispheres.

[0097] It was found that a corresponding design of the surface of the lower outer layer (2) or of the metal hot part itself, as a spacer between the surface of the metal hot part to be insulated (e.g. made of steel) and the metal hot part insulation element, in particular components of this insulation element , which do not consist of low-calcium materials, can function.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lower outer layer (2) itself is designed as a layer consisting of knobs, as defined above (see FIG. 13).

[0099] In both cases, the distance between the knobs or elevations on the surface is in the range of 100 μm to 2 cm and the height of the mutually spaced elevations is in the range of 100 μm to 2 cm.

The knobs or elevations of the surface can have a coating of aluminum oxide, which in turn can be coated with precious metals, in particular platinum, rhodium, palladium or nanoparticles.

Individual components or all components of the metal hot part insulating element can also be connected to one another by connecting elements (10a) and thereby fixed to one another.

[00102] It can thus be provided that the metal hot part insulation element contains longitudinal or transverse seams, stitching seams or stitching, in order to advantageously ensure the shape or dimensional stability (no slipping/shifting of the components (layers/layers) towards one another).

der) and thus ensure a precise installation.

Alternative connecting elements (10a) for connecting the individual components or all components of the metal hot part insulation element to one another are, for example, clips, hooks, cords, straps, wires or similar suitable connecting elements.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the metal hot part insulation element is from hot to cold when the metal hot part insulation element is used as intended:

- a stainless steel wire mesh, or a metal foil (perforated, non-perforated) and/or a fabric that is free or low in calcium (hot side),

- an inner layer (7) or a heat-insulating filling material that is free or low in calcium, and

- a stainless steel wire mesh (preferably with an oil and water repellent coating), or a metal foil (perforated or not perforated) and/or a fabric (preferably with an oil and water repellent coating) which is free or low in calcium (cold side).

The metal hot-part insulation element according to the invention can be in the form of an insulating mattress, insulating cushion/pillow, insulating mat, insulating sleeve, insulating molding, insulating element, insulating hood, insulating blanket, glass fabric shaped mat, insulating cassette, hardcover elements, etc. be trained.

[00106] Insulation elements are often in use for many years. The insulation elements are subjected to constant stress day after day. Temperature changes, possibly moisture, vibrations and leaks - an insulation element has to withstand all of this.

[00107] The present invention therefore also includes a metal hot part insulation element system which comprises at least two metal hot part insulation elements, as defined herein, which may be connected to one another or to one another. It may also be provided to combine metal hot part insulation elements, as defined herein (i.e. the first outer layer (2) consists of materials which contain calcium and calcium compounds (in particular calcium oxide) with a mass content of less than 5% by weight) and conventional insulation elements to form an overall system. This advantageously allows an overall system to be formed in order to ensure that the overall system is easy to assemble and to minimize heat transfer at the joints of the individual metal hot part insulation elements, especially the lower metal hot part insulation elements (arranged towards the metal hot part), by offsetting them. At the same time, this enables better shape adaptation to the metal hot part to be insulated. The size of the metal hot part insulation elements should be selected so that they can be assembled and disassembled quickly. During maintenance and repair work, small units can therefore advantageously be repaired or replaced if necessary.

The individual metal hot-part insulation elements can be secured by connecting elements (10b), such as clips, hooks, springs, buckles, tabs, eyelets, clamps, eyebolts, cap locks, loops, belts, ribbons, cords, cords, straps, lashing eyes, Velcro connections, Overlaps, wires or similar connecting elements, which are suitable for connecting two or more insulation elements or insulation systems under and/or with each other, can be connected to form a metal hot-part insulation element system. At the same time, heat transfer into joints, gaps, joints, etc. is minimized or, at best, prevented.

Alternatively or in addition to this, the individual metal hot part dimming elements of the metal hot part insulating element system can be sewn under and/or together, welded, stapled, quilted, glued, needled, bound or connected in some other way.

[00110] A particular advantage of providing the metal hot part insulation element system in which at least two metal hot part insulation elements are connected to one another is that this creates an insulation system that is sealed against external environmental influences, whereby the penetration of moisture is prevented or at least minimized.

[00111] In a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element system comprises at least the metal hot part insulation element, as defined herein, as well as the metal hot part to be thermally insulated, wherein at least one metal hot part insulation element of the metal hot part insulation element system is at least partially contacted with the metal hot part via a contact side. The metal hot part is preferably an internal combustion engine (such as an engine of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles or ship engines), an engine hot part, a component of exhaust systems such as diesel particulate filters, turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as a gas and steam turbine, a generator, a combined heat and power plant and similar units, as well as supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems.

[00112] In addition, the present invention comprises a metal hot-part insulation element cassette, wherein a metal hot-part insulation element (1), as defined herein, or a metal hot-part insulation element system, as defined herein, are placed in or fastened in a prefabricated cassette mold (13), so that they are placed in the direction of the The hot metal part to be insulated forms a closed insulation system and can then be attached as a whole to or on the hot metal part to be insulated.

Two or more of these cassettes can be connected to one another using suitable connection methods or joining techniques.

The present invention also provides a method for thermally insulating hot metal parts while simultaneously reducing the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health during the operation of hot metal parts, wherein a hot metal part (12) is encased with the metal hot part insulation element according to one of the preceding claims.

A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of the metal hot part insulation element (1) defined herein, the metal hot part insulation element system defined herein or the metal hot part insulation element cassette defined herein as thermal insulation, sound insulation and/or heat protection of metal hot parts (12), in particular internal combustion engines (such as engines of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, rail vehicles and ship engines), engine hot parts, components of exhaust systems such as diesel particle filters, turbochargers, catalytic converters, silencers, SCR systems and their associated components, as well as gas and steam turbines, generators, combined heat and power plants and similar units, as well Supply and discharge lines belonging to all of the aforementioned systems in a temperature range from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, in particular in the range from 70 ° C to 750 ° C, particularly preferably in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferred in the range from 400°C to 750°C, in particular up to 700°C, 650°C, very particularly preferably up to 600°C.

For this purpose, it can be provided that the metal hot-part insulation element according to the invention is used in a narrow metallic formwork.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element is used specifically for insulating metal hot parts or forms with them a metal hot part insulation element system defined herein, which are operated in a temperature range of 80 to 120 ° C. This includes in particular engines (e.g. gasoline engines, diesel engines) as well as all associated supply and discharge lines. During everyday operation, these hot metal parts are usually exposed to different weather conditions that involve moisture or water (e.g. rainwater, condensation and ice formation). Under these conditions, heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health are increasingly formed upon contact with materials containing calcium.

It is therefore particularly useful to insulate exhaust gas catalytic converters and exhaust ducts, such as exhaust pipes for exhaust gases from gasoline or diesel engines, which are made from steels that contain heavy metal additives, with the metal hot part insulating element according to the invention. Exhaust gases from gasoline engines reach temperatures in the range of approx. 800°C (idling) to approx.

900°C (full load). In contrast, diesel engines achieve exhaust gas temperatures in the range from approx. 250°C (idling) to approx. 650°C, preferably up to approx. 500°C (full load). Exhaust catalytic converters in motor vehicles are operated at operating temperatures in the range of 400°C to 900°C.

According to a preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulating element is used specifically for insulating turbines and their components. These are made of steel, with the wall temperature of a turbine during operation being in the range of 400°C to 800°C. Under these conditions, heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and/or health are increasingly formed upon contact with materials containing calcium.

In a further preferred embodiment, the metal hot part insulation element is specifically used for insulating heat engines, such as for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems in the temperature range from 110 ° C to 550 ° C or in steam processes at temperatures of more than 150 ° C used to prevent unwanted heat loss.

EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is explained in more detail using the following figures and exemplary embodiments, without restricting the invention to these.

[00122] This shows

1: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in pillow form, with a lower outer layer (2), an upper outer layer (5) and a first inner layer (7).

2: the schematic structure of the lower and upper three-dimensional outer layer (2, 5) with the lower outside (hot side) (3) and the upper outside (cold side) (4).

[00125] Fig. 3: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in mattress form with the side wall (6) and a first inner layer (7).

4: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a mattress with multi-layer filling. With a first inner layer (7) and at least a second or further inner layer (8).

5: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention, which is partially additionally provided with a wire jacket (9), as a vibration-protecting layer on at least one of the outer layers and/or the web, at best the entire insulating element or insulating system.

6: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a cushion, which has fastening elements (11) on the lower outer layer (2) for attachment to a hot metal part (12).

7: 7(A), 7(B) and 7(C) show the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention in the form of a mattress, which is additionally provided with suitable connecting elements (10b) on at least one of the outer layers and/or the Side wall is provided or fixed and / or in which individual or all layers are connected with suitable connecting elements (10a) (e.g. transverse seams). Furthermore, the overlap tab (15) or a partial cassette (13) is shown schematically.

[00130] Fig. 8: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention, which is placed in a prefabricated cassette form (13) or fastened therein and is then attached to the hot metal part to be insulated and thus forms a partially or fully closed insulating system.

Fig. 9: the schematic structure of a metal hot-part insulation element system, in which several layers of the insulation elements (1), in the form of a pillow and/or mattress

(see Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) form an overall system, the lower layer of metal hot part insulation elements (1) being designed according to the invention. Further layers are particularly advantageously also constructed from metal hot-part insulation elements (1) according to the invention, but may also consist of conventional insulation elements.

10: a sectional view of a metal hot part insulation element (1) that is arranged around a metal hot part (12) (e.g. turbocharger) for thermal insulation.

11: the schematic structure of an insulating element (1) according to the invention, which is additionally completely or partially covered with a metallic jacket (9). The representation form of a half-shell is sketched here.

[00134] Fig. 12: the surface of a lower outer layer (2) which is formed with elevations/spacers in the form of knobs: in the form of hemispheres (Fig. 12A), endless wedges and pyramids (Fig. 12B) as well as truncated pyramids and/or truncated cones (Fig. 12C).

1 has a lower outer layer (2), also referred to as the hot side, an upper outer layer (5), also referred to as the cold side, and at least a first inner layer (7). , also known as insulation material.

[00136] For the application temperatures of the metal hot part or metal hot part insulating element listed here, the following structure in pillow form has proven particularly useful:

VERSION 1 - ALL POOR OR FREE

Optional: wire mesh, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce vibration-related, mechanical abrasion.

Lower outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): low-calcium or calcium-free insulation material, as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, bundle, paper or cardboard, single or multi-layered, or single or multi-layered, preferably silicate fiber mat or other low-calcium or calcium-free insulation materials

Upper outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, bundle, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these, particularly preferably equipped with an oil and water-repellent coating/lamination/foil that is low in calcium or calcium-free and has oil or water-repellent properties.

VERSION 2 - HOT SIDE ARM OR FREE/FILL COMBI/COLD SIDE ARM OR FREE

Depending on the application temperature and operating conditions of the metal hot part or the metal hot part insulating element, the following structure, for example, can be selected to ensure the prevention or reduction of the formation of compounds containing heavy metals that are hazardous to health and/or the environment:

Optional: Wire mesh, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area,

to prevent or reduce vibration-related mechanical abrasion.

Lower outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): hot side (facing the lower outer layer) low-calcium or free insulation material, for example as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, containers, paper or cardboard, single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer, preferably silicate fiber mat, - combined with one or more layers or one or more layers of insulating materials in any technically sensible form of representation described herein, which are not low in calcium or calcium free, facing the upper outer layer.

Upper outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these, particularly preferably equipped with an oil - and water-repellent coating/lamination/lamination/foiling, which is ideally low in calcium or calcium-free and has oil- or water-repellent properties.

VERSION 3 - HOT SIDE POOR OR FREE/FILLING COMBINATION/COLD SIDE NOT POOR OR FREE

[00138] As a further structure, depending on the application temperature and operating conditions of the metal hot part or the metal hot part insulation element, the following structure can be selected, for example, while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of heavy metal-containing compounds that are hazardous to health and/or the environment:

Optional: wire mesh, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce vibration-related, mechanical abrasion.

Lower outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): hot side (facing the lower outer layer) low-calcium or free insulation material, for example as loose fibers, fleece, mat, felt, containers, paper or cardboard, single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer, preferably silicate fiber mat, - combined with one or more layers or one or more layers of insulating materials in any technically sensible form of representation described herein, which are not low in calcium or calcium free, facing the upper outer layer.

Upper outer layer: a non-calcium-poor or calcium-free fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture thereof, particularly preferably equipped with a oil- and water-repellent coating/lamination/lamination/foiling, which is ideally low in calcium or calcium-free and has oil- and water-repellent properties.

VERSION 4 - HOT SIDE ARM OR FREE/FILL NON POOR OR FLAW SIDE NOT POOR OR FREE

[00139] As a further structure, depending on the application temperature and operating conditions of the metal hot part or the metal hot part insulation element, the following structure can be selected, for example, while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of heavy metal-containing compounds that are hazardous to health and/or the environment:

Optional: wire mesh, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce vibration-related, mechanical abrasion.

Lower outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): one or more layers or one or more layers of insulation materials in any technically sensible form described herein that are not low in calcium or calcium free

Upper outer layer: a non-calcium-poor or calcium-free fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture thereof, particularly preferably equipped with a oil- and water-repellent coating/lamination/lamination/foiling, which is ideally low in calcium or calcium-free and has oil- and water-repellent properties.

VERSION 5 - HOT SIDE ARM OR FREE/NOT FILLING ARM OR FREV COLD SIDE ARM OR FREE

[00140] As a further structure, depending on the application temperature and operating conditions of the metal hot part or the metal hot part insulating element, the following structure, for example, can be selected to ensure the prevention or reduction of the formation of compounds containing heavy metals that are hazardous to health and/or the environment:

Optional: Wire mesh, completely or partially connected to the actual lower outer layer, if necessary also partially or completely in the web area, to prevent or reduce vibration-related mechanical abrasion.

Lower outer layer: low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, containers, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement, with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these

Inner layer (insulation): one or more layers or one or more layers of insulating materials in any technically reasonable form described herein, which are not low in calcium or calcium-free

Upper outer layer: a low-calcium or calcium-free fabric, container, hybrid textile, with or without wire reinforcement with or without impregnation or with or without coating, also microporous metal foil, preferably stainless steel mesh or silicate fabric, also as a mixture of these, particularly preferably equipped with an oil - and water-repellent coating/lamination/lamination/foiling, which is ideally low in calcium or calcium-free and has oil- or water-repellent properties.

Further structures, depending on the application temperature and operating conditions of the metal hot part or the metal hot part insulating element, are possible while ensuring the prevention or reduction of the formation of heavy metal-containing compounds that are hazardous to health and/or the environment and are not described in more detail here.

3 and 4 show a further embodiment of the metal hot part insulation element (1) in the form of a mattress. The metal hot part insulation element comprises a lower outer layer (2), an upper outer layer (5), four webs or side parts (6), which together span a free space and thereby give the metal hot part insulation element a box or mattress-like shape. The free space is filled at least by a first inner layer (7).

For the application temperatures of the metal hot part or metal hot part insulating element listed here, a structure in the form of a mattress has proven particularly useful, which is constructed like the aforementioned pillow shape, but with a web, corresponding to the upper outer layer, preferably corresponding to the lower outer layer. If the lower outer layer (hot side) consists of a metallic mesh or a metallic foil, the optional wire mesh can be dispensed with. The structures of the pillow shape described above also apply to the mattress shape (only supplemented by a bar).

DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF AN EXEMPLARY INSULATING ELEMENT ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION DAM SYSTEM:

The metal hot part insulation element or metal hot part insulation element system has, for example, a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer upper outer layer (5), a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer inner layer (7; 8), a single or multi-layer or single or multi-layer lower outer layer (2), which are connected by a web or side wall (6) corresponding to the insulation thickness. Both the upper outer layer (5), the inner layer (7; 8), the lower outer layer (2), and the web (6) are made from components as defined herein.

[00145] Optionally, the metal hot part insulation element or metal hot part insulation element system has an additional partial or complete protective layer (9) on one, several or all outer layers (2; 5; 6) - the so-called casing (e.g. in the form of a metal wire mesh, knitted fabric, a metal foil or another form of representation of a material suitable as a protective layer) in order to additionally protect the insulating element against other external influences, in particular vibration, abrasion, electrostatic charging, penetration of liquids or similar influences. This optional layer can replace one or more layers 2, 5 or 6 if necessary.

Optionally, the insulating element or insulating system can contain longitudinal or transverse seams (10a) as shown in FIG to reduce or prevent, and to ensure the shape or shape retention and thus a precise assembly.

It can also be provided that the insulating element or insulating system, as shown in FIG , cords, straps, lashing eyes, Velcro connections, overlaps, wires or similar connecting elements in order to connect two or more insulation elements under and/or with each other in order to form an insulation system in order to maximize the heat transfer in joints, gaps, joints, etc. to minimize or at best prevent.

Optionally, the insulating element can have fastening elements (11), as shown in FIG.

[00149] Fig. 9 shows that the insulation system is constructed from two or more layers of metal hot-section insulation elements that form an overall system, with at least the lower layer (the

Metal hot part facing layer) consists of metal hot part insulating elements according to the invention. This ensures that the entire system is easy to install and minimizes heat transfer at the joints, especially in the lower layer of insulation elements, by offsetting the layer above. At the same time, this enables better shape adaptation to the hot metal part to be insulated. The size of the insulation elements must be chosen so that quick assembly and disassembly is possible. During maintenance and repair work, small units can be repaired or replaced if necessary. The individual layers can be connected underneath and/or together as described above.

REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST

1 metal hot part insulation element

2 lower outer layer

3 lower outside (hot side)

4 upper outside (cold side)

5 upper outer layer

6 Side wall (bridge)

7 first inner layer (insulating material) 8 second or further inner layer

9 metallic sheath

10a Connecting elements as a means of preventing layer shifts within a metal hot part insulating element

10b connecting elements as a means of connecting metal hot part insulation elements

each other 11 fastening element 12 metal hot part 13 cassette (partial or full cassette)

14 Spacers 15 Overlap tab

Claims (19)

Expectations 1. Metal hot part insulation element (1) to prevent or reduce the formation of heavy metal compounds that are harmful to the environment and / or health, in particular in the range from 200 ° C to 750 ° C, very particularly preferably in the range from 400 ° C to 750 ° C, which is at least in one layer or is designed in a single layer and thus comprises at least a first outer layer (2), wherein the first outer layer (2) acts as a direct contact layer for a hot metal part to be insulated is trained, wherein the metal hot part insulation element (1) comprises at least the following: - a lower outside (3), which is designed as a contact surface for a hot metal part to be insulated, and - an upper outer side (4) arranged opposite the contact surface for the metal hot part, characterized in that all components of the metal hot part insulation element (1) consist of materials containing calcium and calcium compounds with a mass old of less than 5% by weight, especially calcium and calcium compounds with a Have a total mass content of not more than 0.50% by weight, wherein the material of the first outer layer (2) is S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, Aluminoboro- silicate or silicate glass is, or using materials that contain calcium and its compounds with a mass have a senerate content of more than 5% by weight, with functional impregnations and/or coatings and/or laminations that are subject to direct chemical counteract the chemical reaction, and where the metal hot part consists of steel or cast steel, the alloy containing heavy metals tion components. 2. Metal hot part dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the metal hot part dimming element (1) comprises at least a second outer layer (5) which is arranged opposite the first outer layer (2). 3. Metal hot part insulation element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal hot part insulation element (1) has a casing, The casing comprises the following components: - a first outer layer (2) which is designed as a contact surface for the metal hot part, - a second outer layer (5) arranged opposite the first outer layer (2), and - optionally at least one side wall (6) which connects the first outer layer (2) and the second outer layer (5). 4. Metal hot part insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal hot part insulating element (1) comprises at least one first inner layer (7), wherein the at least one first inner layer (7) is designed as a heat-insulating filling material. 5. Metal hot part dimming element according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first outer layer (2), the second outer layer (5) and the at least one side wall (6) are designed as a textile fabric, plastic film, metal foil, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or mixtures thereof. 6. Metal hot part insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the materials which contain calcium and its compounds with a mass content of less than 5% by weight are from the group consisting of S-glass, M-glass, Q-glass, D-glass, aluminoborosilicates, aluminosilicates, alumina fiber, silica, carbon and thermally stabilized intermediate products on the way to carbon fiber, cellulose, textile fibers (natural fibers, synthetic fibers), metal fibers (e.g. strands, wires, filaments), metals, metal alloys, plastic-coated metals, metal-coated plastics, plastics or mixtures thereof are selected. 7. Metal hot part dimming element according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the individual components of the metal hot part insulation element are in the form of laid fabrics, bundles, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, nonwovens, felts, needle mats, stitch-bonded mats, mats, plates, solidified fibers, similar layers or loose fibers are formed or consist of films. 8. Metal hot part dimming element according to one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the casing of the metal hot part insulation element is designed entirely or partially in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet. 9. Metal hot part dimming element according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the metal hot part insulation element is encased by a metallic jacket (9), the metallic jacket (9) being designed in the form of a metal foil or a metal sheet in half or full shell shape. 10. Metal hot part insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein individual components of the metal hot part insulating element are connected to one another by connecting elements (10a) and thereby fixed to one another. 11. Metal hot part insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the materials of the metal hot part insulation element are impregnated and / or coated and / or laminated. 12. Metal hot part dimming element according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one outer side (2, 5 or 6) is at least partially provided with metallic protection against direct mechanical stress, for example due to vibration, for example in the form of a wire mesh, a wire mesh or a metallic foil. 13. Metal hot part insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein connecting elements (10b, 11) are attached to at least one outside, which enable at least two metal hot part dimming elements to be connected to one another or enable at least one metal hot part insulation element to be attached to the metal hot part. 14. Metal hot part insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein fastening elements (11) are attached to the lower side facing the metal hot part. 15. Metal hot part insulating element system, comprising at least two metal hot part insulating elements according to one of the preceding claims, which are optionally connected to one another or to one another. 16. Metal hot part dimming element cassette, wherein a metal hot part insulating element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14 or a metal hot part insulating element system according to claim 15 is placed in a prefabricated cassette shape (13) or narrow metallic casing or is fastened in this or with a metallic jacket in half. or full shell shape (9) so that it forms a closed insulation system. 17. Method for thermal insulation of metal hot parts (12), characterized in that a metal hot part (12) is encased with a metal hot part insulation element or with a metal hot part insulation element system according to one of the preceding claims. 18. Use of a metal hot part insulation element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, a metal hot part insulation element system according to claim 15 or a metal hot part insulation element cassette according to claim 16 as thermal insulation, sound insulation and / or heat protection of metal hot parts in a temperature range of 20 ° C to 750 ° C. 19. Use of a metal hot part insulating element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, a metal hot part insulating element system according to claim 15 or a metal hot part insulating element cassette according to claim 16, in a metallic narrow formwork. There are also 7 sheets of drawings 24/31