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AR077989A1 - Proceso de no fraccionamiento para produccion de combustible de baja ebullicion del crudo o fracciones del mismo - Google Patents

Proceso de no fraccionamiento para produccion de combustible de baja ebullicion del crudo o fracciones del mismo

Info

Publication number
AR077989A1
AR077989A1 ARP100103143A ARP100103143A AR077989A1 AR 077989 A1 AR077989 A1 AR 077989A1 AR P100103143 A ARP100103143 A AR P100103143A AR P100103143 A ARP100103143 A AR P100103143A AR 077989 A1 AR077989 A1 AR 077989A1
Authority
AR
Argentina
Prior art keywords
production
fractions
fuel
same
fuel efficiency
Prior art date
Application number
ARP100103143A
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Gunnerman Rudolf W
Gunnerman Peter W
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/551,264 external-priority patent/US7806947B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/651,592 external-priority patent/US8226817B2/en
Application filed by Gunnerman Rudolf W, Gunnerman Peter W filed Critical Gunnerman Rudolf W
Publication of AR077989A1 publication Critical patent/AR077989A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892—Manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/10—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with stationary catalyst bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G15/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
    • C10G15/08—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
    • C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
    • C10G29/205—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms by reaction with hydrocarbons added to the hydrocarbon oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/007—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 in the presence of hydrogen from a special source or of a special composition or having been purified by a special treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
    • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1025—Natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/104—Light gasoline having a boiling range of about 20 - 100 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1044—Heavy gasoline or naphtha having a boiling range of about 100 - 180 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
    • C10G2300/1051—Kerosene having a boiling range of about 180 - 230 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
    • C10G2300/1055—Diesel having a boiling range of about 230 - 330 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
    • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
    • C10G2300/1059—Gasoil having a boiling range of about 330 - 427 °C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4006—Temperature

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Un combustible de quemado limpio con una mezcla actualizada de hidrocarburos es producido por un gas reactor que contiene metano con crudo o una fraccion de petroleo líquido en un proceso donde el gas es alimentado hacia un recipiente de reaccion para hacer contacto con ambos el líquido y la rejilla de catalizador metálico que esta formado de las aletas de un metal de transicion sostenido en un marco de hierro inmerso en una fraccion de petroleo líquido, a una temperatura moderada para producir un producto de reaccion gaseosa que es condensado para formar el combustible. El combustible tiene una variedad de usos, incluyendo servir como aditivo para crudo para fines de transporte.
ARP100103143A 2009-08-31 2010-08-27 Proceso de no fraccionamiento para produccion de combustible de baja ebullicion del crudo o fracciones del mismo AR077989A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/551,264 US7806947B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2009-08-31 Liquid hydrocarbon fuel from methane assisted by spontaneously generated voltage
US12/651,592 US8226817B2 (en) 2010-01-04 2010-01-04 Non-fractionation process for production of low-boiling fuel from crude oil

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AR077989A1 true AR077989A1 (es) 2011-10-05

Family

ID=43628318

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ARP100103143A AR077989A1 (es) 2009-08-31 2010-08-27 Proceso de no fraccionamiento para produccion de combustible de baja ebullicion del crudo o fracciones del mismo

Country Status (19)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2473584B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2013503239A (es)
CN (1) CN102597184A (es)
AR (1) AR077989A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2010286906A1 (es)
BR (1) BR112012004429A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2771576C (es)
CO (1) CO6440517A2 (es)
DK (1) DK2473584T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2710849T3 (es)
HR (1) HRP20190276T1 (es)
HU (1) HUE042729T2 (es)
MX (1) MX2012002487A (es)
PL (1) PL2473584T3 (es)
PT (1) PT2473584T (es)
RU (1) RU2012112065A (es)
SI (1) SI2473584T1 (es)
TR (1) TR201902099T4 (es)
WO (1) WO2011025613A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7897124B2 (en) 2008-09-18 2011-03-01 Gunnerman Rudolf W Continuous process and plant design for conversion of biogas to liquid fuel
US8226817B2 (en) 2010-01-04 2012-07-24 Gunnerman Rudolf W Non-fractionation process for production of low-boiling fuel from crude oil
US10787616B2 (en) 2014-08-20 2020-09-29 Nexcrude Technologies, Inc. Methods for separating light fractions from hydrocarbon feedstock
DE102020114494A1 (de) 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Vng Ag Kraftstoffmischung mit verbesserter CO2- Bilanz
CN111530114B (zh) * 2020-06-16 2021-10-08 上海化工研究院有限公司 精馏系统、半连续精馏方法和其用途

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US3925001A (en) * 1969-12-19 1975-12-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Placement of catalytically active materials in combustion flames
US3870063A (en) * 1971-06-11 1975-03-11 John T Hayward Means of transporting crude oil through a pipeline
US3993600A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-11-23 Matthey Bishop, Inc. Catalyst support assembly
US3989477A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-11-02 Wilson Stanley C Gas enriching apparatus
US4188204A (en) * 1979-02-06 1980-02-12 Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited Metallurgical process using liquid fuels
JPS61242622A (ja) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-28 Toyota Motor Corp 酸素共存排気浄化装置
US4673488A (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-06-16 Uop Inc. Hydrocarbon-conversion process with fractionator overhead vapor recycle
US4895640A (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-01-23 Jackson Herman R Method for removing impurities and residual moisture from petroleum fuels
US5069775A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-12-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Heavy crude upgrading using remote natural gas
US5269909A (en) * 1991-10-29 1993-12-14 Intevep, S.A. Process for treating heavy crude oil
JPH0670219B2 (ja) * 1992-03-26 1994-09-07 インテヴェップ，エス．エイ． 重炭化水素における改良された粘度及び蒸留物比率を得る方法
JP2862118B2 (ja) * 1992-12-09 1999-02-24 三菱重工業株式会社 発電方法
JPH08143871A (ja) * 1994-11-24 1996-06-04 U S S:Kk 合成樹脂用の油化装置
US5891829A (en) * 1997-08-12 1999-04-06 Intevep, S.A. Process for the downhole upgrading of extra heavy crude oil
US5942101A (en) * 1997-12-09 1999-08-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Method for decreasing the conradson carbon number of petroleum streams
BRPI0405580A (pt) * 2003-12-19 2005-09-20 Shell Int Research Métodos de produzir um catalisador de sulfeto de metal de transição, um produto de petróleo bruto e combustìvel de transporte, combustìvel de aquecimento, lubrificantes ou substâncias quìmicas, catalisador de sulfeto de metal de transição, e, produto de petróleo bruto
WO2007071701A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Zirconium stabilised fischer tropsch catalyst and catalyst support

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2473584B1 (en) 2018-11-21
CN102597184A (zh) 2012-07-18
HRP20190276T1 (hr) 2019-06-14
HUE042729T2 (hu) 2021-11-29
MX2012002487A (es) 2012-06-13
AU2010286906A1 (en) 2012-03-15
CO6440517A2 (es) 2012-05-15
RU2012112065A (ru) 2013-10-10
ES2710849T3 (es) 2019-04-29
PT2473584T (pt) 2019-02-14
EP2473584A1 (en) 2012-07-11
PL2473584T3 (pl) 2019-05-31
SI2473584T1 (sl) 2019-04-30
JP2013503239A (ja) 2013-01-31
CA2771576A1 (en) 2011-03-03
TR201902099T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
EP2473584A4 (en) 2014-01-22
WO2011025613A1 (en) 2011-03-03
BR112012004429A2 (pt) 2016-03-22
DK2473584T3 (en) 2019-03-11
CA2771576C (en) 2019-09-17

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