AR033899A1 - Halogenacion oxidante de hidrocarburos de un atomo de carbono a hidrocarburos halogenados de un atomo de carbono,y procesos integrados relacionados con ella - Google Patents
Halogenacion oxidante de hidrocarburos de un atomo de carbono a hidrocarburos halogenados de un atomo de carbono,y procesos integrados relacionados con ellaInfo
- Publication number
- AR033899A1 AR033899A1 ARP020101860A ARP020101860A AR033899A1 AR 033899 A1 AR033899 A1 AR 033899A1 AR P020101860 A ARP020101860 A AR P020101860A AR P020101860 A ARP020101860 A AR P020101860A AR 033899 A1 AR033899 A1 AR 033899A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atom
- oxidizing
- hydrocarbons
- halide
- halogenation
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 title 2
- -1 rare earth halide Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/15—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination
- C07C17/152—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons
- C07C17/156—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/15—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination
- C07C17/152—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons
- C07C17/154—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons of saturated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/15—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination
- C07C17/158—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/04—Chloro-alkenes
- C07C21/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/09—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
- C07C29/12—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of esters of mineral acids
- C07C29/124—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of esters of mineral acids of halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/40—Ethylene production
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Un proceso de halogenación oxidante que comprende poner en contacto un hidrocarburo reactivo seleccionado de metano, un hidrocarburo halogenado de un átomo de carbono o una mezcla de ellos, con una fuente de halógeno y, de preferencia, con una fuente de oxigenado, en presencia de un catalizador de halogenuro de tierra rara u oxihalogenuro de tierra rara, de manera que se forme un hidrocarburo halogenado de un átomo de carbono, que tiene un número mayor de sustituyentes de halógeno cuando se compara con el hidrocarburo reactivo. Se prefiere que el producto sea un metano monohalogenado, más preferible cloruro de metilo. Se puede integrar el proceso de halogenación oxidante para formar halogenuro de metilo, con procesos corriente abajo, para producir sustancias químicas que son mercancías de valor, por ejemplo, alcohol metílico y/o éter dimetílico; olefinas ligeras, que incluyen etileno, propileno y butenos, hidrocarburos superiores, incluyendo gasolinas; monómero halogenuro de vinilo y ácido acético. Se puede reciclar el halogenuro de hidrógeno, que es un coproducto de estos procesos corriente abajo, al proceso de halogenación oxidante.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/862,058 US6452058B1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2001-05-21 | Oxidative halogenation of C1 hydrocarbons to halogenated C1 hydrocarbons and integrated processes related thereto |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR033899A1 true AR033899A1 (es) | 2004-01-07 |
Family
ID=25337527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP020101860A AR033899A1 (es) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-05-20 | Halogenacion oxidante de hidrocarburos de un atomo de carbono a hidrocarburos halogenados de un atomo de carbono,y procesos integrados relacionados con ella |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6452058B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1395536B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4226910B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100876032B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1283601C (es) |
| AR (1) | AR033899A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2002256217B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR0210054A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2447761C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE60222546T2 (es) |
| GC (1) | GC0000323A (es) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03010555A (es) |
| MY (1) | MY129647A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO20035158L (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2286329C2 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW593218B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2002094751A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (72)
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| US7230150B2 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2007-06-12 | Grt, Inc. | Zone reactor |
| AU2002307548B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2007-06-28 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Oxidative halogenation and optional dehydrogenation of C3+ hydrocarbons |
| CN1649808A (zh) * | 2001-05-23 | 2005-08-03 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 从单碳原料的卤乙烯生产 |
| US20030069452A1 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-04-10 | Sherman Jeffrey H. | Method and apparatus for synthesizing from alcohols and ethers from alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics |
| US20050192468A1 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2005-09-01 | Sherman Jeffrey H. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
| US20030078456A1 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-04-24 | Aysen Yilmaz | Integrated process for synthesizing alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and olefins from alkanes |
| US7161050B2 (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2007-01-09 | Grt, Inc. | Method and apparatus for synthesizing olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes |
| US7838708B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2010-11-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon conversion process improvements |
| US20040152929A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-08-05 | Clarke William D | Process for vinyl chloride manufacture from ethane and ethylene with air feed and alternative hcl processing methods |
| WO2005069751A2 (en) * | 2003-06-21 | 2005-08-04 | Richards Alan K | Anhydrous processing of methane into methane-sulfonic acid, methanol, and other compounds |
| CA2532367C (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2013-04-23 | Grt, Inc. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| US20050171393A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-08-04 | Lorkovic Ivan M. | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| CN100425588C (zh) * | 2004-01-17 | 2008-10-15 | 湖南大学 | 从甲烷经非合成气过程制备醋酸、甲醇和二甲醚的新流程 |
| WO2005095310A2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-13 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | The utilization of zirconium and zirconium based alloys for the containment of halogen containing environments used in the production of olefins, alcohols, ethers, ethoxylates glycols, and olefin oxides from alkanes |
| US8642822B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2014-02-04 | Marathon Gtf Technology, Ltd. | Processes for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons using microchannel reactor |
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| EP3272418A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-24 | ETH Zurich | A catalyst composition for direct synthesis of vinyl chloride from ethylene |
| CN108144632B (zh) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-11-03 | 西安元创化工科技股份有限公司 | 一种甲烷氧氯化的二氧化钌催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108704670B (zh) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | 一种Pt1@MIL纳米催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| US3172915A (en) | 1965-03-09 | Preparation of oxygenated methane derivatives | ||
| US1086381A (en) | 1912-10-11 | 1914-02-10 | Du Pont Powder Co | Preparation of alcohol from chlorhydrocarbons. |
| US3657367A (en) | 1968-10-31 | 1972-04-18 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Oxychlorination of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a fluidized catalyst containing lanthanum and didymium |
| IT958619B (it) | 1971-06-30 | 1973-10-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Procedimento per preparare idrocarburi clorurati |
| US3894107A (en) | 1973-08-09 | 1975-07-08 | Mobil Oil Corp | Conversion of alcohols, mercaptans, sulfides, halides and/or amines |
| US4523040A (en) | 1981-09-01 | 1985-06-11 | Olah George A | Methyl halides and methyl alcohol from methane |
| DE3275539D1 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1987-04-09 | Olah George A | Process for the production of methyl halides and methyl alcohol from methane |
| US4471150A (en) | 1981-12-30 | 1984-09-11 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalysts for light olefin production |
| FR2529883A1 (fr) | 1982-07-06 | 1984-01-13 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Procede de fabrication de chlorure de vinyle |
| US4480145A (en) | 1982-09-16 | 1984-10-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalysts for the conversion of methanol to ethylene plus gasoline |
| US4795843A (en) | 1985-08-26 | 1989-01-03 | Uop Inc. | Conversion of methane into larger organic hydrocarbons |
| US4769504A (en) | 1987-03-04 | 1988-09-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for converting light alkanes to higher hydrocarbons |
| US4990696A (en) | 1988-12-29 | 1991-02-05 | Stauffer John E | Methyl alcohol process |
| US5001293A (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1991-03-19 | Amoco Corporation | Halocarbon conversion |
| US5087786A (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1992-02-11 | Amoco Corporation | Halogen-assisted conversion of lower alkanes |
| US5354916A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1994-10-11 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Low temperature conversion of alkanes |
| US5243098A (en) | 1992-11-04 | 1993-09-07 | Energia Andina Ltd. | Conversion of methane to methanol |
| US5397560A (en) | 1993-04-06 | 1995-03-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Microporous crystalline aluminosilicate designated DCM-2 |
| RU2079478C1 (ru) * | 1994-01-12 | 1997-05-20 | Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химии и технологии элементоорганических соединений | Способ получения метилхлорида |
| US5536873A (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1996-07-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of pentenoic acid |
| RU2152920C2 (ru) * | 1996-05-13 | 2000-07-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Кирово-Чепецкий химический комбинат им.Б.П.Константинова" | Способ получения метилхлорида |
| FR2748740B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-15 | 1998-08-21 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Composition a base d'oxyde de cerium et d'oxyde de zirconium a haute surface specifique et a capacite elevee de stockage d'oxygene, procede de preparation et utilisation en catalyse |
| DE19721301C1 (de) | 1997-05-21 | 1998-10-01 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydrolyse von Alkylmonohalogeniden |
| US5912393A (en) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-15 | Uop Llc | Metallo aluminophosphate molecular sieve with novel crystal morphology and methanol to olefin process using the sieve |
| ATE287386T1 (de) | 1999-11-22 | 2005-02-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Verfahren zur umwandlung von ethylen zu vinylchlorid und katalysatorzusammensetzungen verwendbar für solches verfahren |
-
2001
- 2001-05-21 US US09/862,058 patent/US6452058B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-04-11 CA CA2447761A patent/CA2447761C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-11 KR KR1020037015164A patent/KR100876032B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-11 BR BR0210054-1A patent/BR0210054A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-11 WO PCT/US2002/011778 patent/WO2002094751A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-04-11 MX MXPA03010555A patent/MXPA03010555A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-11 AU AU2002256217A patent/AU2002256217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-04-11 CN CNB028137965A patent/CN1283601C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-11 JP JP2002591426A patent/JP4226910B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-11 EP EP02725666A patent/EP1395536B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 RU RU2003136763/04A patent/RU2286329C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-11 DE DE60222546T patent/DE60222546T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-12 GC GCP20021987 patent/GC0000323A/en active
- 2002-05-20 AR ARP020101860A patent/AR033899A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-20 TW TW091110518A patent/TW593218B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-20 MY MYPI20021846A patent/MY129647A/en unknown
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2003
- 2003-11-20 NO NO20035158A patent/NO20035158L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60222546T2 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
| AU2002256217B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| JP2004529189A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
| BR0210054A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
| JP4226910B2 (ja) | 2009-02-18 |
| DE60222546D1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
| US6452058B1 (en) | 2002-09-17 |
| RU2003136763A (ru) | 2005-05-10 |
| CA2447761C (en) | 2010-08-10 |
| EP1395536A2 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| EP1395536B1 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
| MY129647A (en) | 2007-04-30 |
| TW593218B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
| MXPA03010555A (es) | 2004-07-01 |
| CN1525950A (zh) | 2004-09-01 |
| KR20040002990A (ko) | 2004-01-07 |
| GC0000323A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
| WO2002094751A2 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
| CN1283601C (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
| NO20035158L (no) | 2004-01-20 |
| RU2286329C2 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
| NO20035158D0 (no) | 2003-11-20 |
| WO2002094751A3 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| KR100876032B1 (ko) | 2008-12-26 |
| CA2447761A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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