AR021028A1 - Metodo para producir un producto de hierro liquido y producto de hierro obtenido por el metodo - Google Patents
Metodo para producir un producto de hierro liquido y producto de hierro obtenido por el metodoInfo
- Publication number
- AR021028A1 AR021028A1 ARP990105482A ARP990105482A AR021028A1 AR 021028 A1 AR021028 A1 AR 021028A1 AR P990105482 A ARP990105482 A AR P990105482A AR P990105482 A ARP990105482 A AR P990105482A AR 021028 A1 AR021028 A1 AR 021028A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- product
- carbon
- iron product
- producing
- Prior art date
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
- C21C1/025—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Un método para producir un producto de hierro líquido y producto de hierro obtenido por el método, donde se opera un horno de reverbero giratorio (28)conjuntamente con un dispositivo de fusion eléctrica (34) para la produccion de un producto de hierro de alta pureza (36) que tiene un rango de silicio ymanganeso con bajo contenido de azufre y fosforo. El método incluye producir un producto de hierro de alta pureza y un rango de producto que contiene carbono(31) proveniente de productos compactosque contienen carbono y oxido de hierro (19), incluyendo las etapas de proveer un horno para reduccion directa de losproductos compactos que contienen carbono y oxido de hierro (19), pre-reduciendo los productos compactos que contiene hierro y carbono (19) en un horno quetiene una superficie de reverbero giratoria, produciendo hierro metalizado intermedio que contiene carbonos, Se utiliza un horno de fusion eléctrica (34) pararecibir hierro metalizado intermedio se contienen carbono desde la etapa de pre-reduccion, el cual es alimentado en forma directa y continua dentro de un áreainterior central del dispositivo de fusion eléctrica, con el calentamiento del hierro metalizado que contiene carbono en el dispositivo de fusion eléctricabajo elevadas temperaturas de alrededor de 1300sC hasta alrededor de 1700sC minimizando el ingreso de aire u otros gases indeseables tales como oxígeno en laetapa de fusion mientras se mantienen las elevadas temperaturas, y se remueve el producto de hierrolíquido de alta pureza desde el dispositivo de difusioneléctrica. El método provee un producto de alto contenido de hierro que tiene un rango especificado de porcentaje de manganeso, silicio y carbono, con bajocontenido de azufre y fosforo. Existe una significativa reduccion de oxidos de silicio y reduccion de oxidos de manganeso del producto. Se produce un productocon contenido alto de hierro, extremadamente deseable, para ser utilizado en la industria de obtencion de acero.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10643398P | 1998-10-30 | 1998-10-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR021028A1 true AR021028A1 (es) | 2002-06-12 |
Family
ID=22311397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP990105482A AR021028A1 (es) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-29 | Metodo para producir un producto de hierro liquido y producto de hierro obtenido por el metodo |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6251156B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1144696B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4060034B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN100343396C (es) |
| AR (1) | AR021028A1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE332982T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU761344B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2346977C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69932357T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2272090T3 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW518366B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2000026420A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6582491B2 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2003-06-24 | Midrex International, B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method for producing molten iron in duplex furnaces |
| ATE498697T1 (de) * | 2000-03-30 | 2011-03-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischem eisen in einem schmelzreduktionsofen mit bewegender sohle |
| US6451084B1 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2002-09-17 | Ernest Q. Petrey, Jr. | Iron oxide waste agglomerates and method of assisting a steel-making operation |
| US6669756B2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2003-12-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Discharge apparatus for movable hearth type heat-treatment furnace, its operation method, and method and apparatus for manufacturing molten iron using the same |
| US6409790B1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-06-25 | Calderon Energy Company Of Bowling Green, Inc. | Method and apparatus for practicing carbonaceous-based metallurgy |
| JP4691827B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-15 | 2011-06-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 粒状金属鉄 |
| JP4669189B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-18 | 2011-04-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 粒状金属鉄の製法 |
| US6689182B2 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2004-02-10 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Method and device for producing molten iron |
| JP4116874B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2008-07-09 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶鉄の製法 |
| US7413592B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2008-08-19 | Nu-Iron Technology, Llc | Linear hearth furnace system and methods regarding same |
| RU2441922C2 (ru) * | 2005-08-30 | 2012-02-10 | Е.И.Дюпон Де Немур Энд Компани | Процесс восстановления руды и продукт металлизации оксида титана и железа |
| US9002313B2 (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2015-04-07 | Federal Signal Corporation | Fully integrated light bar |
| US7746794B2 (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2010-06-29 | Federal Signal Corporation | Integrated municipal management console |
| GB0605796D0 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-05-03 | Renishaw Plc | Apparatus and method of measuring workpieces |
| US8372179B2 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2013-02-12 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ore reduction process using carbon based materials having a low sulfur content and titanium oxide and iron metallization product therefrom |
| JP5503472B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2014-05-28 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 還元鉄の製造方法 |
| CN102051428B (zh) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-02-08 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种综合处理铜选矿尾渣和镍熔融渣的提铁炼钢工艺 |
| CA2853223C (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2018-03-06 | Hoffman & Sons Technologies, Llc | Producing pig iron from iron-containing feed materials |
| FI20155762A (fi) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-10-26 | Midrex Technologies Inc | Menetelmät ja järjestelmät ferrokromin valmistamiseksi duplexuunissa |
| CN108699624B (zh) * | 2015-11-18 | 2020-03-10 | 明特克公司 | 改进的钛铁矿熔炼方法 |
| DE102017212583A1 (de) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Pellet als Zuschlagstoff für metallurgische Prozesse und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung |
| CN108004366A (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 朝阳金河粉末冶金材料有限公司 | 一种采用钒钛磁铁矿还原磁选制备铁粉生产耐磨介质的方法 |
| KR102020453B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-09-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | 제강부산물로부터 유가금속 회수방법 |
| KR102517013B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-04-04 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 가탄재 및 그것을 사용한 가탄 방법 |
| JP7293634B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-06-20 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化鉱石の製錬方法 |
| TWI711702B (zh) * | 2019-09-03 | 2020-12-01 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 鐵碳複合材料及鐵氧化物的還原方法 |
| DE102020205493A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von flüssigem Roheisen aus einem DRI-Produkt |
| TWI843517B (zh) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-05-21 | 日商Jfe鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 直接還原鐵的熔解方法、固體鐵及固體鐵的製造方法、土木建築用資材及土木建築用資材的製造方法以及直接還原鐵的熔解系統 |
| JP7636730B2 (ja) * | 2022-04-22 | 2025-02-27 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 直接還元鉄の溶解方法、固体鉄の製造方法および土木建築用資材の製造方法 |
| US20260022429A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2026-01-22 | Arcelormittal | A method for manufacturing pig iron in an electrical smelting furnace and associated electrical smelting furnace |
| KR20250024819A (ko) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-19 | 아르셀러미탈 | 전기 제련로에서 선철을 제조하는 방법 및 연관된 전기 제련로 |
| EP4562191A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-06-04 | ArcelorMittal | A method for manufacturing pig iron in an electrical smelting furnace and associated furnace |
| CN119452107A (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-14 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 用于在电熔炼炉中制造生铁的方法和相关的电熔炼炉 |
| CN119452106A (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-14 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 用于在电熔炼炉中制造熔融生铁的方法 |
| EP4562200A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-06-04 | ArcelorMittal | A method for manufacturing pig iron in an electrical smelting furnace and associated electrical smelting furnace |
| KR20250024820A (ko) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-19 | 아르셀러미탈 | 전기 제련로에서 선철을 제조하는 방법 및 연관된 제련로 |
| KR20250024062A (ko) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-18 | 아르셀러미탈 | 전기 제련로를 포함하는 생산 라인에서 선철을 제조하는 방법 |
| KR20250024824A (ko) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-02-19 | 아르셀러미탈 | 전기 제련로에서 선철을 제조하는 방법 및 연관된 전기 제련로 |
| CN115491453B (zh) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-12-19 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | 一种PLCsmelt熔融还原炼铁方法及装置 |
| EP4417713A1 (en) | 2023-02-14 | 2024-08-21 | Oterdoom, Harmen | The novel two-step (semi-)continuous process for clean slag and steel or hot metal |
| WO2024254668A1 (pt) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-12-19 | Gavea Tech Ltda | Equipamento e processo para produção de ligas metálicas e método de tratamento de gases |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1324458A (en) * | 1919-12-09 | Method of preventing oxidation of molten metal | ||
| US4395285A (en) | 1980-03-26 | 1983-07-26 | Elkem Metals Company | Low density compacts of prepared mix for use in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon |
| US4436551A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-03-13 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Process for making steel from direct-reduced iron |
| CN86101529A (zh) * | 1983-09-14 | 1988-02-17 | 新西兰钢铁公司 | 铁水的生产 |
| US4514218A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-04-30 | Daidotokushuko Kabushikikaisha | Reduced iron melting method using electric arc furnace |
| US4564388A (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-01-14 | Intersteel Technology, Inc. | Method for continuous steelmaking |
| US4731112A (en) | 1986-02-19 | 1988-03-15 | Midrex International, B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method of producing ferro-alloys |
| US4699654A (en) * | 1986-04-08 | 1987-10-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Melting furnace and method for melting metal |
| US4701214A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-10-20 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam | Method of producing iron using rotary hearth and apparatus |
| IN167132B (es) * | 1986-12-15 | 1990-09-01 | Nippon Kokan Kk | |
| JPH089739B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-23 | 1996-01-31 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 焼成塊成鉱の製造方法 |
| US5296015A (en) * | 1990-01-09 | 1994-03-22 | Hylsa S.A. De C.V. | Method for the pneumatic transport of large iron-bearing particles |
| US5186741A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1993-02-16 | Zia Patent Company | Direct reduction process in a rotary hearth furnace |
| FR2705768B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-27 | 1995-07-21 | Lorraine Laminage | Four métallurgique pour la fusion de matières métalliques et/ou l'élaboration de métal liquide, tel qu'un four électrique d'aciérie, et procédé d'élaboration utilisant un tel four. |
| US5730775A (en) | 1994-12-16 | 1998-03-24 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method for rapid reduction of iron oxide in a rotary hearth furnace |
| CN1187246A (zh) * | 1995-06-09 | 1998-07-08 | 美国3M公司 | 具有不规则基体三角的反光立体角制品 |
| US5601631A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-02-11 | Maumee Research & Engineering Inc. | Process for treating metal oxide fines |
| CN1123330A (zh) * | 1995-09-19 | 1996-05-29 | 冶金工业部重庆钢铁设计研究院 | 一种复合炉装置 |
| US5681367A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-10-28 | Usx Engineers & Consultants, Inc. | Method of producing hot metal |
-
1999
- 1999-10-29 CA CA002346977A patent/CA2346977C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-29 DE DE69932357T patent/DE69932357T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-29 ES ES99961551T patent/ES2272090T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-29 WO PCT/US1999/025591 patent/WO2000026420A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-29 US US09/429,973 patent/US6251156B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-29 AR ARP990105482A patent/AR021028A1/es unknown
- 1999-10-29 EP EP99961551A patent/EP1144696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-29 JP JP2000579792A patent/JP4060034B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-29 AT AT99961551T patent/ATE332982T1/de active
- 1999-10-29 CN CNB998128090A patent/CN100343396C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-29 AU AU18104/00A patent/AU761344B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-10 TW TW088118826A patent/TW518366B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2346977C (en) | 2006-09-19 |
| EP1144696B1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
| AU761344B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
| DE69932357T2 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
| CN100343396C (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
| AU1810400A (en) | 2000-05-22 |
| WO2000026420A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| ATE332982T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
| CN1330723A (zh) | 2002-01-09 |
| JP2002528645A (ja) | 2002-09-03 |
| US6251156B1 (en) | 2001-06-26 |
| DE69932357D1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
| JP4060034B2 (ja) | 2008-03-12 |
| ES2272090T3 (es) | 2007-04-16 |
| TW518366B (en) | 2003-01-21 |
| CA2346977A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
| EP1144696A1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
| EP1144696A4 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
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