AP1296A

AP1296A - Method and reagents for the quantification of solid-phase reactions using fluorine NMR.

Info

Publication number: AP1296A
Application number: APAP/P/2000/001849A
Authority: AP
Inventors: Vasant K Nagulapalli; Edward Orton; John E Airey; Paul H Krolikowski
Original assignee: Aventis Pharma Inc
Priority date: 1997-12-17
Filing date: 1998-12-14
Publication date: 2004-09-06
Also published as: AP2000001849A0

Abstract

This invention is directed to the use of 19F NMR to monitor and quantitate solid-phase reactions and fluorine-containing solid-phase reagents useful therefor.

Description

METHOD AND REAGENTS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF SOLID-PHASE REACTIONS USING FLUORINE NMR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to the use of ^I9F NMR to monitor and quantitate solid-phase reactions, and fluorine-containing solid-phase reagents useful therefor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Solid-phase synthetic techniques; in which a reagent is immobilized on a polymeric material which is inert to the reagents and reaction conditions employed, as well as being insoluble in the media used, are important synthetic tools for preparing amides and peptides as well as for effecting various functional group transformations. For solid-phase peptide synthesis, a summary of the many techniques may be found in J.M. Stewart and J.D. Young, Solid-phase Peptide Synthesis, 2nd. Ed., Pierce Chemical Co. (Chicago, IL, 1984); J. Meienhofer, Hormonal Proteins and Peptides, vol. 2, p. 46, Academic Press (New York), 1973; and E. Atherton and R.C. Sheppard, Solid-phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, ERL Press at Oxford University Press (Oxford, 1989). For the use of solid-phase methodology in the preparation of non-peptide molecules see Leznoff, C.C., Acc. Chem. Res., 1978, 77, 327-333. For the use of polymeric reagents in functional group transformations see A. Akelah and D.C. Sherrington, Application of Functionalized Polymers in Organic Synthesis, Chem Rev., 1981, 57, 557-587 and W. T. Ford and E. C. Blossey, Polymer Supported Reagents, Polymer supported Catalysts, and Polymer Supported Coupling Reactions, in Preparative Chemistry using Supported Reagents, Pierre Laszlo, ed., Academic Press, Inc., 193-212 (1987). For the use of polymeric reagents in oxidation reactions see J. M. J. Frechet et al., J. Org. Chem., 1978, 43, 2618 and G. Cainelli et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1976, 98, 6737. For the use of polymeric reagents in halogenation reactions see J. M. J. Frechet et al., J. Macromol. Sci. Chem.,1977, A-ll, 507 and D. C. Sherrington et al., Eur. Polym. J., 1977,13, 73. For the use of polymeric reagents in epoxidation reactions see J. M. J. Frechet et al.. Macromolecules, 1975, 5, 130 and C. R. Harrison et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1974, 1009. For the use of polymeric reagents in acylation reactions see Μ. B. Shambhu et al., Tet. Lett., 1973, 1627 and Μ. B. Shambhu et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1974, 619. For the use of polymeric reagents in Wittig reactions see S. V. McKinley et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.,1972, 134.

Polymeric reagents have also found widespread use in combinatorial synthesis and for preparing combinatorial libraries. See F. Balkenhohl et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.,1996, 35, 2288-2337 and

L.A. Thompson et al., Chem Rev., 1996, 96, 555-600.

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APOΟ 1296 ο

However, analytical methodology lor monitoring and quantifying reactions using polymeric reagents is not as developed as the solid-phase techniques themselves. In general, samples are cleaved from the solid support and analyzed by con ventional means such as TLC, IR and ^lH .NMR.. Removal of samples from the solid support is time consuming and may result in alteration of the reac tion product. Therefore, analytical methods for quantitating and monitoring functional group intercon v ers ions of resinbound samples is key to the continuing development of solid-phase synthetic techniques

Reported developments related to the analysis of resin-bound samples using fluorine NMR include the use of ^!9F NMR to characterize products resulting from linking fluorine-containing aromatic compounds to TentaGel resin (Svensson et ah. Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 7649); the use of ^l9F NMR and magic angle spinning ¹⁹F NMR to monitor the nucleophilic displacement of fluorine from 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzamide linked to Rink resin ( Shapiro et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 4671); the use of fluorinated analogs of/?-hydrox>Tnethyibenzoic acid, 3-[4-(hydroxymetbylphemT)]alkanoic acid, and 4-(hydroxyniethyl)phenoxyacetic acid linkers for monitoring solid-phase synthesis using gel-phase ⁱ⁹F NMR (Svensson et al., Tetrahedron. Lett,, 1998, 39, 7193-7196); and a method of quantifying resin loading using gel phase ^!9F NMR (Stones et ai,, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 4875-4,fr/Sr

SUMMAR Y OF THE INVENTION

This invention concerns methods for monitoring and quantifying solid-phase reactions using solid-phase synthesis reagents in which one or more fluorine atoms are permanently incorporated as an internal standard, thereby making it possible to directly quantify and monitor resin loading and subsequent solid-phase reactions by ⁱ⁵F NMR, obviating the need further manipulation of the analytical sample, including adding an external standard or performing additional reactions on the sample to incorporate a fluorine atom.

Accordingly, in its principal aspect, this invention is directed to a method of quantitating a solidphase reaction comprising;

(a) reacting solid-phase reaction component or a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component with ε reactant or fluorine-containing reactant to form a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product;

(b) obtaining a ‘T NMR spectrum of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product; and (c) comparing Ute integral corresponding to the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product ‘“F resonance to the integral corresponding to a standard ^I9F resonance.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component of formula

AP Ο Ο 1 2 9 6 wherein (^FP)

V—' is a solid support containing one or more fluorine atoms;

LG is absent or a linking group wherein LG is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and

B is a functional group suitable for reaction with a reactant to form a fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component comprising a known quantity of fluorine prepared by reacting a solid-phase reaction component with a quantity of a fluorine-containing reactant.

.10

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGURE 1 is the ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectrum of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

FIGURE 2 is the ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectrum of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl15 copoly(styrene-1 %-divinylbenzene)-resin.

FIGURE 3 is the ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectrum of a mixture of 3-fluorobenzamide and 4-hydroxy2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-1 %-divinylbenzene)-resin.

FIGURE 4 is the ^I9F MAS NMR spectrum of a product mixture resulting from the coupling of aminomethyl resin and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of DIC and DMAP.

Figure 4 shows ¹⁹F resonances for 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%divinylbenzene)-resin at about -146 and -164 ppm. In addition, the ¹⁹F spectrum also contains resonances ) at about -140,-144 and -153 ppm corresponding to an unexpected side product resulting from coupling of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-1 %-divinylbenzene)-resin with a second molecule of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to form the ester. Figure 4 illustrates the usefulness of the methods described herein to detect and monitor formation of an undesired side product and thereby allow the development of synthetic methodology to maximize formation of the desired 4hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin.

FIGURE 5 is the ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectrum of 4-[l-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrol4-oyl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinvlbenzene) resin.

FIGURE 6 is the ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectra of a reaction mixture consisting of 4-hydroxv-2,3,5,6tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin, l-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,5pyrrole-4-carboxylic acid (5 equiv.), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.5 equiv.) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (5 equiv.) taken at 5 minutes, 50 minutes and 100 minutes. The spectrum at 5 minutes shows ^l9F resonances at about -153 and -172 ppm corresponding to the ¹⁹F resonances of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,635 tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin. At 50 minutes, ¹⁹F resonances at

ΑΡ θ Ο 1 2 9 6 about -:53 and about -172 ppm corresponding to 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamiaomethylcopolyi styrene- IfNdivrnylbenzenej-resrm and at about -147 and -158 ppm corresponding to 4-(1-(4trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-4-oyl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethylcopoly(styrene-l%-divmylbenzene) are present. The spectrum at 100 minutes consists predominately of ^!9F resonances at -147 and -158 ppm indicating that that substantially all of the starting 4-hydroxy2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin has been convened to product to 4-[i-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2.5-dimethylpyrrol-4-oyl]oxy-2,3,5,6tetafl.uorobenzaniidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions of Temns

As used above and throughout the description of the invention, the following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings:

“Solid support” means a substrate which is inert to the reagents and reaction conditions described herein, as well as being substantially insoluble in the media used. Representative solid supports include inorganic substrates such as kieselguhr, silica gel, and controlled pore glass; organic polymers including polystyrene, including 1-2% copolystyrene divinyl benzene (gel form) and 20-40% copolystyrene divinyl benzene (macro porous form), polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, cellulose, and the like; and composite inorganic/polymeric compositions such as polyacrylamide supp« · -. within a matrix of kieselguhr particles. See J.M. Stewart and J.D. Young, Solid-phase Peptide Synthesr. 2nd. Ed., Pierce Chemical Co. (Chicago, IL, 1984).

In addition, solid support’’ includes a solid support as described above which is affixed to a second inert support such as the pins described in Technical Manual, Multipin™ SPOC, Chiron

Technologies (1995) and references therein which comprise a detachable polyethylene- or polyproylenebased head grafted with an amino functionalized methacrylate copolymer and an inert stem..

In addition, “solid support” includes polymeric supports such as the polyethylene glvcoi supports described by Janca et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92. 6419-6423 (1995) and S. Brenner, WO 95/16918, which are soluble in many solvents but can be precipitated by the addition of a precipitating solvent.

Linking group” and “linker” mean a group through which the functional groups suitable for reaction with a fluorine-containing reactant my be covalently linked to the solid support The linking group is substantially inert to the reagents and reaction conditions described herein.

Fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product means a product formed by reaction between

3e a solid-phase reaction component and a reactant, wherein the fluorine-containing s· · ct on product contains at least one fluorine atom. The fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product is prepared by

AP o U12 9 6 reacting a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component as defined herein with a reactant or fluorine-containing reactant, or by reaction of a solid-phase reaction component with a fluorinecontaining reactant. The fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product may contain functional groups suitable for further solid-phase reactions, in which case the further solid-phase reactions may be quantified using the methods described herein.

Solid-phase reaction component means a solid support as defined herein which contains a plurality of reactive sites containing functional groups suitable for reaction with a reactant to form a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product.

Fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component means a solid-phase reaction component as defined herein which contains at least one fluorine atom.

Reactant means a compound which contains functionality suitable for forming a covalent bond to the solid-phase reaction component to form a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product. In addition to possessing functionality suitable for forming the covalent bond to the solid-phase reaction component, the reactant may contain at least one additional functional group suitable for reaction with additional reactants while attached to the solid support. The functional group may be protected with a suitable protecting group so as to avoid interference w’ith formation of the bond to the solid-phase reaction component.

Fluorine-containing reactant means a reactant as defined herein which contains at least one fluorine atom in addition to the functionality suitable for forming a covalent bond to the solid-phase reaction component, such that reaction of the fluorine-containing reactant with a solid-phase reaction component or fluorine-containing reaction component results in formation of a fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product in which at least one fluorine atom is incorporated in the fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product through the fluorine-containing reactant.

Resin loading means the fraction of reactive sites on the solid-phase reaction component w'hich react with the fluorine-containing reactant to form the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction productfi.e., the fraction of reactive sites which are loaded by the fluorine-containing reactant).

Standard refers to a fluorine-containing entity, which when combined in a known amount with a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product, permits quantification of the formation of the fluorinecontaining solid-phase reaction product by comparison of the ¹⁹F integral of the fluorine-containing solid30 phase reaction product and the ¹⁹F integrals of the standard. The standard may be either internal, in which case the standard is physically incorporated in a known amount into the solid-phase reaction component, or external in which a known amount of a fluorine-containing standard compound is added to a sample of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product.

Magic angle spinning (MAS) is a NMR technique in which the sample tube is oriented at a defined angle relative to the magnetic field. Magic angle spinning is used in solid state and gel phase

NMR to remove line broadening caused by chemical-shift anisotropy. The magic angle is about 54.7°.

ΑΡ/Γ7 0 0.01849

ΑΡ ΰ u 1 2 9 6

For general discussions of MAS NMR. sec Koenig, J.L., Spectroscopy of Polymers·, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 1992 and Fitch et al., J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 7955, and references cited therein.

“Amine protecting group” means an easily removable group which is known m the art to protect an ammo group against undesirable reaction during synthetic procedures and to be selectively removable. The use of N-prctecting groups is well known in the art for protecting groups against undesirable reactions during a synthetic procedure and many such protecting groups are known, Cf, for example,

T.H. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd edition,. John Wiley & Sons, New' York (1991), incorporated herein by reference. Preferred N-protecting groups are acyl, including formyl, acetyl, chloroacetvl, trichloroacetyl, o-nitrophenylacetyl, o-nitrophenoxyacetyk trifluoroacetyl, acetoacetyl, 4-chiorobutyryl, isobutyryl, o-nitrocinnamoyl, picolinoyl, acylisothiocvanate, aminocaproyl, benzovi and the like, and acyloxy including methoxycarhonyl, 9-fiuorenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2,2.2-trifiuoroethoxycarbonyl, 2-trimethylsilylethxoycarbonyl, vinyloxycarbonvl, a! > avcarbonyl. ί-butyloxy carbonyl (BOC). 1,1-dimethylpropynyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (CB21, p-nitrophenyisuiiinyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbony, 2,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbor’. i. mrbonvi (Alloc), and the like.

“ Carboxylic acid protecting group and “acid protecting group” mean an easily removable group which is known m the art to protect a carboxylic acid (-CO,H) group against undesirable reaction during synthetic procedures and to be selectively removable. The use of carboxylic acid protecting groups is well known in the art and many such protecting groups are known, CF, for example, T.H. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New- York (1991), incorporated herein by reference. Examples of carboxylic acid protecting groups include esters such as methoxymetbyl. methylthiomethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, benzyloxymethyl, substituted and unsubstituted phenacyl, 2.2,2-trichioroethyl, teri-butyi, rinnamyl, substituted and unsubstituted benzyl, trimethylsilyl, allyl, and the like, and amides and hydrazides including Ν,Ν-dimethyl, 7-nitroindolyl. hydrazide, NphenylhydraziGe, and the like. Especially preferred carboxylic acid protecting groups are im-buty! and benzyl.

' Hydroxy protecting group means an easily removable group which is known in. the art to protect a hydroxy group against undesirable reaction during synthetic procedures and to be selectively remo vable. The use of hydroxy protecting groups is well known in the art and many such protecting groups are known, ch, lor example, T.H. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ecition, John Wiley' & Sons. New York (1991), incorporated herein ? k react Examples ot hyciroxy protecting groups include ethers such as methyl; substituted ' A hers such as methoxymethyl (MUM), methylthiometbyi (MTM), 2-methoxyethoxymethvl (MEM). bis(2-chloroetooxy(methyl, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), tetrahydrothiopyranvl,

ΑΡ/Γ/0 0.Ό 18 49

ΑΡ ο Ο 1 2 9 6

4-methoxytetrahydropyranyl, 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, and the like; substituted ethyl ethers such as 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethvl, 2-(phenylselenyl)ethyl, ί-butyl, allyl, benzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, triphenylmethyl. a-naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p-methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, 9-(9-phenyl-10-oxo)anthranyl (tritylone), and the like; silyl ethers such as trimethyisilyl (TMS), isopropyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), z-butyidiphenylsilyl, tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and the like; esters such as formate, acetate, trichloroacetate, phenoxyacetate, isobutyrate, pivaloate, adamantoate, benzoate, 2,4,6trimethylbenzoate, and the like; and carbonates such as methyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, allyl, p-nitrophenyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, S-benzyl thiocarbonate, and the like.

“Amino acid” means an amino acid selected from the group consisting of natural and unnatural amino acids as defined herein.

“Natural amino acid” means an α-amino acid selected from the group consisting of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

“Unnatural amino acid” means an amino acid for which there is no nucleic acid codon. Examples of unnatural amino acids include, for example, the D-isomers of the natural α-amino acids as indicated above; aminobutyric acid (Aib), 3-aminoisobutyric acid (bAib), norvaline (Nva), β-Ala,

2-aminoadipic acid (Aad), 3-aminoadipic acid (bAad), 2-aminobutyric acid (Abu), γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), 6-aminocaproic acid (Aep), 2,4-diaminobutryic acid (Dbu), α-aminopimelic acid, trimethylsilyl-Ala (TMSA), allo-isoleucine (alle), norleucine (Nle), ZerZ-Leu, citruiline (Cit), ornithine (Om), 2,2’-diaminopimelic acid) (Dpm), 2,3-diaminopropionic acid (Dpr), a- or β-Nal, cyclohexyl-Ala (Cha), hydroxyproline, sarcosine (Sar), and the like; cyclic amino acids; N^a-alkylated amino acids such as N^a-methylglycine (MeGly), N^a-ethylglycine (EtGly) and N^a-ethylasparagine (EtAsn); and amino acids in which the α-carbon bears two side-chain substituents.

“Equivalent amino acid” means an amino acid which may be substituted for another amino acid in the peptides according to the invention without any appreciable loss of function. In making such changes, substitutions of like amino acids is made on the basis of relative similarity of side chain substituents, for example regarding size, charge, hydrophilicity, hydropathicity and hydrophobicity as described herein.

“Peptide” and “polypeptide” mean a polymer in which the monomers are natural or unnatural amino acid residues joined together through amide bonds. The term “peptide backbone” means the series of amide bonds through which the amino acid residues are joined. The term “ amino acid residue” means the individual amino acid units incorporated into the peptides or polypeptides.

“Aliphatic” means a radical derived from a non aromatic C-H bond by removal of the hydrogen atom. The aliphatic radical may be further substituted by additional aliphatic or aromatic radicals as

7 81 9 0 0 /J/dV

ΑΡ ί» θ 1 2 9 6 defined herein. Representative aliphatic groups include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cydoaSkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aralkenyi. aralkvloxyalkyl, aralkyloxycarbonvlalkyl. aralkyl, aralkynyl, aralkyloxyalkenyi, heteroaralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkyloxyalkenyl, heten.. *·. om-alkyl. heteroaralkynyl, fused arylcycloalkyl, fused heteroarylcycloalkyl, fused arylcycloalksnyi. fused heteroaryievcioalkenyl, fused arylheteroeyclyl, fused heteroarylheterocyclvl, fused arylheterocyclenyl, fused heteroary Iheterocyclenvl, and the like, “ Aromatic means a radical deri ved from an aromatic C-H bond by removal of the hydrogen atom. Aromatic includes both aryl and heteroaryl rings as defined herein. The aryi or heteroaryi ring may be further substituted by additional ahpnatic or aromatic radicals as defined herein. Representative aromatic groups include aryl, fused cycloalkenylaryl, fused cycloalkvlaryl, fused heterocyclylaryl. fused heterocyclenyiarvl, heteroaryi. fused cycloulkylheteroaryl, fused cvcloalkenylheteroaru. fused heterocyclenyiheteroarvl, fused heterocyclvlheteroaryl, and the like.

Acyl” means an H-CO- or alkyi-CO- group wherein the alkyl group is as herein described. Preferred acyis contain a lower alkyl. Exemplary acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyi, 235 methylpropanoyl, butanoyl and palmitoyl

Acylamine is an acyl-NH- group wherein acyl is as defined herein.

Aiken oyl means an alkenyl-CO·· group wherein alkenyl is as defined herein.

Alkenyl means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 2 tc r 15 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred alkenyl groups have 2 to about

12 carbon atoms; more preferred alkenyl groups have 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. The alkenyl group is optionally substituted with one or more alky l group substituents as defined herein. Representative alkenyl groups induce ethenyl, propenyl, «-butenyl, z-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, cyclohex ylbutenvl and decenyl.

Alkenylene denotes a divalent group derived from a straight or branched .. . hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Representative alkenylene include -CH=CH-, CHgCH^CH-, -CHnCH-CHCHp-, and the like.

Alkenvioxy means an alkenyi-O- group wherein the alkenyl group is a* r described. Representative alkenyloxy groups include allyloxy or 3-butenyloxv.

Alkoxy means an alkyl-O- group wherein the alkyl group is as defined herein, Representative a· alkoxy· groups me aide rnetnoxy, ethoxy, « -propoxy, /-propoxy, «-butoxy, heptoxy - . hke.

Aikoxyalkylenyf' means an alkyi-O-alkylene- group wherein alkyl and alkylene are as defined herein. Representative alkoxyalkylenyl groups include methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, x-butoxyrnethyl and cyclopentylmethyloxy ethyi.

” Alkoxyaltcoxy ' means an aikyi-O-alkviene-O- group. Representative alkoxyalkoxy include ?5 methoxymethoxy, meihoxyethoxv, etln ··.·., ' \, and the like.

APOO1296

Alkoxycarbonyl means an ester group; i.e. an alkyl-O-CO- group wherein alkyl is as defined herein. Representative alkoxycarbonyl groups include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tbutyloxycarbonyl, and the like.

Alkoxycarbonylalkyl means an alkyl-O-CO-alkylene- group wherein alkyd and alkylenyl are as defined herein. Representative alkoxycarbonylalkyl include methoxycarbonylmethyl, and ethoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxycarbonyl ethyl, and the like.

Alkyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups have 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain. “ Lower alkyl means about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched. The alkyl may be substituted with one or more alkyd group substituents” which may be the same or different, and include halo, cycioaikyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, carbamoyl, acylamino, aroylamino, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, or heteroaralkyloxycarbonyl. Representative alkyl groups include methyl, trifiuoromethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, ethyl, «-propyl, z'-propyl, n-butyl, /-butyl, n-pentyl. 3-pentyl, methoxyethyl, carboxymethvl, methoxycarbonylethyl, benzyloxycarbonylmethyl, and pyridylmethyloxycarbonylmethyl.

Alkylene means a straight or branched bivalent hydrocarbon chain of 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. Alkylene may be substituted by one or more alkyl group substituents as defined herein. Preferred alkylene groups are the lower alkylene groups having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. Representative alkylene groups include methylene, ethylene, and the like.

Alkylsulfmyl means an alkyl-SO- group wherein the alkyl group is as defined above. Preferred alkylsulfinyl groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyd.

Alkylsulfonyl means an alkyl-SCk-group wherein the alkyl group is as defined herein.

Preferred alkylsulfonyl groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl.

Alkvlsulfonylcarbamoyl means an alkyl-SC^-NH-CO- group wherein alkyl group is defined herein. Preferred alkvlsulfonylcarbamoyl groups are those wherein the alkyd group is lower alkyl.

Alkylthio means an alkyl-S- group wherein the alkyl group is as defined herein. Preferred alkylthio groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl. Representative alkylthio groups include methylthio. ethylthio, z'-propylthio, heptylthio, and the like.

Alkynyl means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 2 to about 15 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Preferred alkynyl groups have 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. More preferred alkynyl groups contain 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. ” Lower alkynyl means alkynyl of 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be substituted by one or more alkyd group substituents as defined herein. Representative alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynvl, n-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, n-pentvnyl, heptynyl, octynyl, decynyl, and the like.

ΑΡ/Γ7 0 0 0 18 4 9

AP Ο Ο 1 2 9 6

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Alkvnylene refers to a divalent gioup derived by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from a straight or branched chain acyclic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. Representative alcynylene include

-CHECHCHECH-CB

-CHECH-CH(CH₃) and the like “Alkynyloxy” means an alkynyi-O- group wherein the alkynyl group is defined herein.

Representative alxynyloxv groups include propynyloxy. 3-butynyloxy, and the like, “ Alkynyl oxyalkyl” means alkynyi-O-alkylene- group wherein alkynyl and alkyienyl are defined herein.

NR²⁴ 25 “Amidino” or “amidine” means a group of formula C-NHR wherein R*“ is hydrogen;

;0 R^OyC- wherein R^2fi is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl; R*O-; R^2eC(O)-; cyano; alkyl; nitro; or amino, and R*^; is selected from hydrogen: alkvl; aralkyl; and heteroaralkyl.

“Amino^- means a group of formula Y*Y^N- wherein Y^ and Y“ are independently hydrogen;

? 1 -acyl; or alkyd, or V ‘ and Y taken together with the N atom through which Y and Y are linked form a 4 to 7 membered azaheterocyclyl. Representative amino groups include amino (H2N-.), methylamino.

dimethylamino, ciethylamino, and the like.

“ Aminoalkyl” means an amino-alkylene- group wherein amino and alkylene are defined herein.

Representative aminoalkyl groups include ammomethyl, aminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, and the like. “ Aralker.yl” means a aryl-alkenylene- group wherein aryl and alkenylene arc define herein.

Preferred aralkenyls contain a lower alkenylene moiety, A representative aralkenyl group is 220 phenethenyl.

> Aralkvloxy means an aralkyl-O- group wherein aralkyl is defined herein. Representative aralkoxy groups include benzyloxy, naphth-l-ylmethoxy, naphth-2-ylmethoxy, and the like.

“ Aralkyloxyalkyl means an aralkyl-O-alkylene- group wherein aralkyl and aikylene are defined herein. A representative aralkoxyalkyl group is benzyloxyethyl.

Aralkyloxycarbonyr means an aralkyl-O-CO- group wherein aralkyl is defined herein, A representative aralkoxy carbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl.

Aralkyioxycarbonylalkyl means an aralkoxycarbonyl-alkylene- group v. h. aralkoxycarbonyl and alkylene are defined herein. Representative aralkoxycarbonvlalkyls include benzyloxyearbonylmethyl, benzvloxyearbonvlethyl.

“Aralkyl” means an aryl-alkylene-group wherein aryl and alkylene are defined herein. Preferred aralkyls contain a lower alkylene group, Representative aralkyl groups include benzyl,

2-phenethyl, naphthienemethyl, and the like.

Aralkyioxyaikenyl means an aralkyl-O-alkenylene- group wherein aralkyl and alkenylene are defined herein, A representative aralkvloxy alkenyl group is 3-benzyloxyallyl.

AP/ry 00,0 1849

AP Ο Ο 1 2 9 6

Aralkylsulfonyl means an aralkyl-SO₂- group wherein aralkyl is defined herein.

Aralkylsulfinyl means an aralkyl-SO- group wherein aralkyl is defined herein.

Aralkvlthio means an aralkyl-S- group wherein aralkyl is defined herein. A representative aralkylthio group is benzylthio.

Aroyl means an aryl-CO- group wherein aryl is defined herein. Representative aroyl include benzoyl, naphth-l-oyl and naphth-2-oyl.

Aryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably of about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. The aryl is optionally substituted with one or more “ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. Representative aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl.

“ Aralkynyl” means an aryl-alkynylene- group wherein aryl and alkynylene are defined herein. Representative aralkynyl groups include phenylacetylenyl and 3-phenylbut-2-ynyl.

“ Aryldiazo” means an aryl-N=N- group wherein aryl is defined herein. Representative aryldiazo σ» groups include phenyldiazo and naphthyldiazo.

Arylcarbamoyl means an aryl-NHCO- group, wherein aryl is defined herein.

12 “ Carbamyl” means a group of formula Y Y NCO- wherein Y and Y are defined herein. Representative carbamyl groups include carbamyl (H2NCO-), dimethylaminocarbamoyl (Me2NCO-), and the like.

“Fused arylcycloalkenyl” means a radical derived from a fused aryl and cycloalkenyl as defined herein by removal of hydrogen atom from the cycloalkenyl portion. Preferred fused arylcycloalkenyls are those wherein aryl is phenyl and the cycloalkenyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The fused arylcycloalkenyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. Representative fused arylcycloalkenyl include 1,2dihydronaphthylene, indene, and the like, in which the bond to the parent moiety is through a nonaromatic carbon atom.

“ Fused cycloalkenylaryl” means a radical derived from a fused arylcycloalkenyl as defined herein by removal of hydrogen atom from the aryl portion. Representative fused cycloalkenylaryl are as described herein for a fused arylcycloalkenyl, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused arylcycloalkyl” means a radical derived from a fused aryl and cycloaikyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the cycloaikyl portion. Preferred fused arylcycloalkyls are those wherein aryl is phenyl and the cycloaikyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The fused arylcycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. Representative fused arylcycloalkyl includes 1,2.3,430

AP Ο Ο 1 2 g 6 tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like, in whieh tne bond to the parent moiety is through a non-aromatic carbon atom.

“ Fused cycloalkylaryi” means a radical derived from a fused arylcyeloalkyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the aryl portion. Representative fused cycloalkylaryi are as described herein for a fused arylcyeloalkyl radical, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom, “Fused arylheterocyclenyl” means a radical derived from a fused aryl and heterocyclenyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heterocyclenyl portion. Preferred fused arylheterocyclenyls are those wherein ary l is phenyl and the heterocyclenyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclenyl portion of the fused arylheterocyclenyl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. Tne fused arylheterocyclenyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, « herein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocy clenyl portion of the fused arylheterocyclenyl is optionally’ oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S.S-dioxide.

Representative fused arylheterocyclenyl include 3H-indolinyl, lH-2-oxoqumolyl, 2T-1 -oxoisoquinolyl,

1,2-dihydroquinolinyl, 3,4-dihydroquinohnyl, 1,2-dihydroisoquinolinyl, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinyl, and the like, m which the bond to the parent moiety is through a non-aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused heterocyclenylaryl” means a radical derived from a fused arylheterocycienyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the aryl portion. Representative fused heterocyclenylaryl are as defined herein for a fused arylheterocycienyl radical, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused arylheterocyclyl” means a radical derived from a fused aryl and heterocyclyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heterocyclyl portion. Preferred fused arylheterocyclyls are those wherein aryl is phenyl and the heterocyclyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza. oxa or thia before heterocyclyl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. The fused arylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclyl portion of the fused arylheterocyclyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxifle or S.S-dioxide. Representative preferred fused aryllheterocyl ring systems include indohnyi, 1,2.3.4-tetrahydroisoquinohne, 1.2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, lH-2.3-dihydroisoindoiyi, 2,3-dihydroberi’z[fjisoindolyl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[g jisoquinolinyl, and the like, in which trie bond to the parent moiety is through a non-aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused heterocyclylaryl” means a radical derived from a fused aryheteroc > .. defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heterocyclyl portion. Representative pre fen.rot fused

3c heterocyciylarvi ring systems are as described for fused arylheterocyclyl, except that die bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

ΑΡ/Γ/ 0 0,0180

APO 0 12 9 6 “Carboxy” means a HO(O)C- group (i.e. a carboxylic acid).

Carboxyalkyl means a HO(O)C-alkylene- group wherein alkylene is defined herein. Representative carboxyalkyls include carboxymethyl and carboxvethvl.

Cycloalkyloxy means a cycloalkyl-O- group wherein cycloaikyl is defined herein. Representative cycloalkyloxy groups include cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy. and the like.

Cycloaikyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably of about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloaikyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The cycloaikyl is optionally substituted with one or more “ ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. Representative monocyclic cycloaikyl include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like. Representative multicyclic cycloaikyl include 1-decalin, norbomyl, adamantyl, and the like.

Cycloalkenyl” means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably of about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkylene rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more “ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. Representative monocyclic cycloalkenyl include cvclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like. A representative multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbomylenyl.

Cycloalkylenyl means a bivalent, saturated carbocyclic group having about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkylenyl groups include 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4- cis or rranx-cyclohexanylene.

“Diazo” means a bivalent -N=N- radical.

“ Ethylenyl” means a -CH=CH- group.

Halo or “halogen” mean fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

“ Heteroaralkenyl” means a heteroaryl-alkenylenyl- group wherein heteroaryl and alkenylenyl are defined herein. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenylene moiety. Representative heteroaralkenyl groups include 4-pyridylvinyl, thienylethenyl, pyridylethenyl, imidazolylethenyl, pyrazinylethenyl, and the like.

“ Heteroaralkyl” means a heteroaryl-alkylenyl- group wherein heteroaryl and alkylenyl are defined herein. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkylenyl group. Representative heteroaralkyl groups include thienylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, imidazolylmethyl, pyrazinylmethyl, and the like.

Heteroaralkyloxy means an heteroaralkyl-O- group wherein heteroaralkyl is defined herein. A representative heteroaralkvloxy group is 4-pyridylmethyloxy.

Heteroaralkyloxyalkenvl means a heteroaralkyl-O-alkenylene- group wherein heteroaralkyl and alkenylene are defined herein. A representative heteroaralkyloxyalkenvl group is

4-pyridylmethyloxyallyl.

Heteroaralkyloxyalkyl means a heteroaralkyl-O-alkylene- group wherein heteroaralkyl and alkylene are defined herein. A representative heteroaralkyloxy group is 4-pyridylmethyloxyethyl.

Ί 8I 0 . 0 0 /J/dV

APC 0 1296 “Heteroaraikynyl” means an heteroaryl-alkynylene- group wherein heteroaryl and alkynylene are defined herein. Preferred heteroaralkynyls contain a lower alkynylene moiety. Representative heteroaralkynvl groups include pyrid-3-ylaeetylenyl, quinolin-3-ylacetylenyl, 4-pyndyiethynyL and the like.

“Heteroaroy! means an means a heteroaryl-CO- group wherein heteroaryl is defined herein.

Representative heteroaroyl groups include thiophenoyl, nicotinoyl, pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyi, pyridinoyl, and the like.

Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system ofabout 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atom? in the ring system is 'are element! s) other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. 'Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The heteroaryl may also be substituted by one or more “ring system substituents’' which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before heieroaryl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. A nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl may be oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.

Representative heteroaryls include pyrazinyl. furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyi. 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, qmnoxahnyl, phthalazinyl, imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[2,l-b]thiazolyi, benzofurazanyl, indolvl, azaindolyl. benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, thienopvridyi, quinazoiinyl, thienopyrimidyl, pyrrolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoazaindolyl, 1,2,4-triazinvl, “Heierocryldiazo” means an heteroaryl-N=N- group wherein heteroaryl is as defined herein.

“ Fused heteroaryl cycioalkenyl'’ means a radical derived from a fused heteroaryl and cycioalkenyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the cycioalkenyl portion. Preferred i fused heteroaryicvc loalkenyls are those wherein the heteroaryl and the cycioalkenyl each contain about 5 io about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before heteroaryl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. The fused heteroarylcycloalkenvl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent’ is as defined herein. I he nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl portion of the fused heteroarylcycloalkeny'i is optionally oxidized to the comesponding N-oxide. Representative fused heteroarylcycloalkenvl mciude 5,6dihyhroquinolyL 5,6-dihydroisoquinojyI, 5,6-dihydroquinoxalinyl, 5,6-dihydroquir,u.· wml,

4.5-dihydro-ΙΗ-benzimidazolyl, 4,5-dthydrobenzoxazolvl, and the like, in which the bond to the parent moiety is through a non-aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused cycloalkenylheteroaryT’ means a radical derived from a fused he. · rect.u'henyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl portion. Reprewrtj nc fused cycloalkenvlheteroaryl are as described herein for fused heteroaylcycloalkenyl, except chat the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

APCΟ 1296 “Fused heteroarylcycloalkyl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroaryl and cycloalkyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the cycloalkyl portion. Preferred fused heteroarylcycloalkyls are those wherein the heteroaryl thereof consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms and the cycloalkyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza. oxa or thia before heteroaryl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom is present respectively as a ring atom. The fused heteroarylcycloalkyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl portion of the fused heteroarylcycloalkyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. Representative fused heteroarylcycloalkyl include 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolyl,

5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-benzimidazolyl,

4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazolyl, 1 H-4-oxa-1,5-diazanaphthalen-2-onyl, l,3-dihydroimidizole-[4,5]-pyridin-2-onyl, and the like, in which the bond to the parent moiety is through a non-aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused cycloalkylheteroaryl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroarylcycloalkyl as defined herein by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl portion. Representative fused cycloalkylheteroaryl are as described herein for fused heteroarylcycloalkyl, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroaryl and ktterocyclenyl as defined herein by the removal of a hydrogen atom from the heterocyclenyl portion.

Preferred fused heteroarylheterocyclenyls are those wherein the heteroaryl thereof consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms and the heterocyclenyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before heteroaryl or heterocyclenyl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom is present respectively as a ring atom. The fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl portion of the fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclenyl portion of the fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Representative fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl include 7,8-dihydro[l,7]naphthyridinyl,

1.2- dihydro[2,7]naphthyridinyl, 6,7-dihydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridyl, l,2-dihvdro-l,5-naphthyridinyl, l,2-dihydro-l,6-naphthyridinyl, l,2-dihydro-l,7-naphthyridinyl, l,2-dihydro-l,8-naphthyridinyl,

1.2- dihydro-2,6-naphthyridinyl, and the like, in which the bond to the parent moiety is through a non aromatic carbon atom.

“Fused heterocyclenylheteroaryl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl as defined herein by the removal of a hydrogen atom from the heteroaryl portion. Representative fused heterocyclenylheteroaryl are as described herein for fused heteroarylheterocyclenyl, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

ΑΡ/Γ7 0 0/01849

AP & Ο 1 2 9 6 “Fused heteroarylheterocyclyl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroaryi and heterocyclyl as defined herein, by removal of a hydrogen atom from the heterocyclyl portion. Preferred fused heteroarylheteroeyclyls are those wherein me heteroaryi thereof consists of about 5 to about 6 nng atoms and the heterocyclyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryi or heterocyclyl portion of the fused heteroarylheterocyclyl means that at lea st a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. The fused heteroarylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen atom of the heteroaryi portion of the fused heteroarylheterocyclyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding T-oxide. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclyl portion of the fused heteroarylheterocyclyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding Ν-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Representative fused heteroarylheterocyclyl include

2.3- dihvdro-IH pyrrol[3,4-b]quinolm-2-yi, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz [b][l,7]naphthyndin-2-yl,

1.2.3.4- tetrahydrobenz [bj[l,6]naphthyndin-2-yl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b;mdol-2yl.

1.2.3.4- tetrahydro-9H-pyndo[4,3-b]indo!~2vl, 2,3,-dihydro-lH-pyrrolo[3,4-b]indol-2->l lH-2,3.4.5-tetrahydroazepino[3,4-bjindol-2-yl, lH-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4.3-bjindol-3-yl, lH-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroazepino[4,5-bjindol-2 yt 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,7]napthyridinyl,

1.2.3.4- teffhydrol2,7]naphthyridyl, 2,3-dihydro[l,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridyl,

2.3- dxhydro[1.4jdioxino[2.3-b]pryidyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-l-oxa[4,6]diazanaphthalenyl, 4,5.6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridyI, 6,7-dihydro[5,8]diazanaphthalenyl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro[l,5] napthyridinyl, !,2J,»-tetrahydro[l,6]napthyridinyl,

1.2.3.4- tetrahydro[l ,7]napthyridinyl„ 1.2,3,4-tetrahydro[1.8]napthyridinyl,

1.2.3.4- tetrahydro[2,6]napthyridinyl, and the like, in which the bond to the parent moieiy is through a non-aromatic car non atom, “ Fused beterocyclylheteroaryl” means a radical derived from a fused heteroaryiheteroeyclyi as defined herein, oy removal of a hydrogen atom from the heteroaryi portion. Representative fused heterocycivlheieroaryl are as described herein for fused heterarylheterocyclyl, except that the bond to the parent moiety is through an aromatic carbon atom.

Heteroarylsulphonylcarbamoyr' means a heteroaryl-SO2-NH-CO- group wherein heteroaryi is defined herein.

Heterocyclenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about nng atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 nng atoms, in which one or more atoms in the ring system is/are element! s) other than carbon, cor example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms, and which contains at least cne carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond. :: -. 2 heterocyclenyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before

3c heterocyclenyl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively w ;· - ^T a - a ring atom. Ί he heterocyclenyl may be optional^ , · , d by one or more ring system sui·, : . v herein ring

S * 81 0 / 0 0 ! J/dV

ΑΡ 0 Ο 1 2 9 6 system substituent” is as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclenyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Representative monocyclic azaheterocyclenyl groups include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridyl. 1,4-dihydropyridyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine,

2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 2-imidazolinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, and the like. Representative oxaheterocyclenyl groups include 3,4-dihydro-2/f-pyran, dihydrofuranyl, fluorodihydrofuranyl, and the like. A representative multicyclic oxaheterocyclenyl group is 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl. Representative monocyclic thiaheterocyclenyl rings include dihydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, and the like

Heterocyclyl means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is/are elements) other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before heterocyclyl means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. The heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by one or more “ ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclyl is optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Representative monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl,

1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahvdrothiopyranyl, and the like.

“ Heterocyclylalkyl” means a heterocyclyl-alkylene- group wherein heterocyclyl and alkylene are defined herein. Preferred heterocyclylalkyls contain a lower alkylene moiety. A representative heteroaralkyl group is tetrahydropyranylmethyl.

“ Heterocyclylalkyloxyalkyl” means a heterocyclylalkyl-O-alkylene group wherein heterocyclylalkyl and alkylene are defined herein. A representative heterocyclylalkyloxyalkyl group is tetrahydropyranylmethyloxymethyl.

Heterocyclyloxy means a heterocyclyl-O- group wherein heterocyclyl is defined herein. Representative heterocyclyloxy groups include quinuclidyloxy, pentamethylenesulfideoxy, tetrahvdropyranyloxy, tetrahydrothiophenyloxy, pyrrolidinyloxy, tetrahvdrofuranyloxy,

7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1 jheptanyloxy, hvdroxytetrahydropyranyloxy, hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1 Jheptanyloxy, and the like.

“ Hydroxyalkyl” means an alkyl group as defined herein substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain low'er alkyl. Representative hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.

O' _l ₊ “N-oxide” means a N “ group.

APO 0 12 9 6

Phenoxy means a phenyl-O- group wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with one or more ring system substituents as defined herein.

Phenylene means a -phenyl- group wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with one or more ring system substituents as defined herein.

Phenyitiio means a phenyl-S- group wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with one or more ring system substituents as defined herein.

Pyridyloxy means a pyridyl-O- group wherein the pyridyl ring is optionally substituted with one or more ring system substituents as defined herein.

“Ring system substituent” means a substituent attached which optionally replaces hydrogen on an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system. Ring system substituents are selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroarvi. aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, arovl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxy carbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkyisulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkyisulfinyl, atylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl. alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkyhhio, cycloaikyi, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, aryldiazo, hetero aryIdiazo, amidino, amino, aminoalkyl, carbamyl and sulfamyl. When a ring system is saturated or partially saturated, the “ring system substituent” further comprises methylene (H,C=), oxo (0=) and thioxo ;S~), “Sulfamyl” means a group of formula Y^Y^NSCb- wherein Y^ and Y“ are defined herein. Representative sulfamyl groups are aminosulfamoyl (FfoNSOo-) and dimethylaminosulfamoyl (Me2,NSO2-)·

Ί 81 0 o 0 /J/dV

Preferred Embodiments

In a preferred aspect of this invention, the ¹⁹F NMR spectra are obtained using magic angle spinning.

In order to calculate the amounts of reagents for use in subsequent reactions and for optimization of the subsequent chemistry, it is necessary to determine the loading of the fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product.

Loading of fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product/gram (a) is calculated using formula xh a .

—(formula 1 s y'L Mr where,

1- Integral corresponding to the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction μ > < ’ resonance; x= Number of equivalent F atoms in standard compound;

Number of equivalent F atoms in reference compound;

APOΟ 12 9 6

I_s= Integral of standard resonance;

Q_s= Quantity in moles of the standard;

M = Mass in grams of the resin.

In another preferred aspect of this invention, the solid-phase reaction is quantified using an 5 external standard.

In order to determine resin loading using an external standard, a known quantity of a fluorinecontaining standard compound is added as an external standard to a precisely determined amount of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product, which is subsequently swollen in an appropriate solvent. Suitable fluorine-containing standard compounds comprise any unreactive, soluble fluorinated substance.

A preferred fluorine-containing standard compound is 3-fluorobenzamide(3FB).

The ¹⁹F spectrum of this system consists of well resolved resonances corresponding to the fluorine-containing standard compound and the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component. Simple calculation according to formula 1 using the integral values for the ^l9F signals of the fluorinecontaining standard compound and the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component, and known quantities of fluorine-containing standard compound and the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component present in the sample gives the resin loading value.

The loading of fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component/gram (a) determined by ^1SF NMR using an external standard has been verified by comparison to measurements of a using other techniques such as elemental analysis.

In another preferred aspect of this invention, the solid-phase reaction is quantitated using an internal standard comprising a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component as defined herein.

The determination of resin loading using an internal standard is determined as described above by ) comparing the integrals of the ¹⁹F resonance(s) of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component with the ¹⁹F resonance(s) of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product.

A preferred internal standard for use in the method of this invention are fluorine-containing solidphase reaction components formula I δ > ί ι o / ο o zj/sjy

L-B

I wherein

Θ.

is a solid support optionally containing one or more fluorine atoms;

L is absent or a linking group optionally containing one or more fluorine atoms, provided that at least one of the solid support and the linking group contains at least one fluorine atom; and

ΑΡ ΰ Ο 1 2 9 6

Fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components of formula I comprising a solid support and a fluorine-containing linking group are prepared by reacting a solid-phase reaction component as defined herein with a fluorine-containing subunit.

The fluorine-containing subunit is a compound which contains at least one iiuonne atom and 5 which contains functionality suitable for forming a covalent bond to the solid-phase reaction component, and at least one additional functional group suitable for reaction with a reactant to form the fluorinecontaining solid-phase reaction product. The additional functional group(s) may be protected with a suitable protecting group so as to avoid interference with formation of the bond to the solid-phase reaction component.

Representative solid-phase reaction components suitable for reaction with a fluorine-containing subunit to form the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component include polystyrene, aminomethyl polystyrene, Meirifield resin (chloromethylated polystyrene), hydroxymethyl resin. Rink acid resin (4benzyloxy-2’,4’~dirnethoxvbenzhydro! resin ). Wang resin (p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin), MBHA resin (p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin), BRA resin (benzhydrylamine resin), Rink resin (4-(2’,4’15 dimethoxyphenyl-Fmoc-aminoniethyl)-phenoxy resin, and the like.

Fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components in which the solid support contains one or more fluorine atoms are designated herein by formula II

LGB

II wherein is a solid support containing one or more fluorine atoms;

LG is absent or a linking group optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and B is a functional group suitable for reaction with a reactant to form a fluorine-containing solidphase reaction, product.

Fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components of formula II are prepared by polymerization using methods known in the art so as to incorporate one or more fluorine-containing monomers into die solid support. Representative fluorine-containing monomers include 4-fluorostyrene, 4-trifluoromethy istyrene, and the like.

Preferred fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components of formula II are prepared by polymerizing a niixture oi 4-fluorostyrene, 1.4-divinylbenzene and 4-vinylbenzy k -, cd Another preferred internal standard for use in the method of this invention is a fluorinecontaining solid-phase reaction component prepared by reaction of a quantity of solid-phase reaction component with i quantity of fluorine-coma mins reactant, such that a known quantity of fluorine is incorporated into the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component.

APOO1296

In a preferred aspect, the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component is prepared by reacting the solid-phase reaction component with about 0.05 to about 0.4 molar equivalents of the fluorine-containing reactant.

Representative fluorine-containing reactants suitable for reaction with the solid-phase reaction 5 component to form the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component include bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride, 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride, 4-fluorobenzylamine, 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 4-fluorophenylchloroformate, 3-fluorophenyl isocyanate, 4-fluorophenylisothiocyanate, trifluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine,

4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylhydrazine,

4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyanate, 4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenol,

IH, IH, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyldimethylchlorosilane, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride,

2,2,2,-trifluoroethanol, 4-fluorophenol, 4-fluorobenzoic acid, l,2-epoxy-3-fluoropropane, 4-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 215 fluoro-4-hydroxybenzyl chloride, and the like. A preferred fluorine-containing reactant is 4-fluorophenol.

Representative solid-phase reaction components suitable for reaction with the fluorine-containing reactant to form the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component include polystyrene, aminomethyl polystyrene, Merrifield resin (chloromethylated polystyrene), hydroxymethyl resin, Rink acid resin (4-benzyloxy-2',4'-dimethoxybenzhydrol resin), Wang resin (p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin), MBHA resin (p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin), BHA resin (benzhydrylamine resin), Rink resin (4-(2',4'dimethoxyphenyl-Fmoc-aminomethyl)-phenoxy resin, and the like. A preferred solid-phase reaction component is Merrifield resin.

ί

More preferred fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components for use as internal standards according to the method of this invention have formula III wherein

ΑΡ/Γ7 0 0.0180

AP001296

R, '21

O

D N-C—

Mn

X 9

N-SHlo z

22' ?x

A is absent or is selected from ^ZP , ' P ,

-C(O)-, -YC(O)-, -SO,-, -NR’SO_r? -CHR;-, -CHR’Y- and -CHR⁷YC(O)(CH₂)_m-;

B is halogen. NHP, OW or SO₂zh D is CH or N;

P is H or an amine protecting group;

W is Η, NHP, NPR⁹, NC(O)C1, C(O)R⁹, C(O)NR¹⁰Rⁿ, C(O)OR⁹, SO₂R⁹ or C(O)-imidazol-l-yl; ¥ is -O- or -NR*-;

Z is CL OH, OR, or NR’R¹²;

R‘‘ is F, or when one of R¹⁶, R, R^,c and R” is F, R¹ is H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, CN or NO,:

R~, R* ar.d Pf are independently II. alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, CN or NO₂, or one of R‘ ,R^J and R⁴, taken together with one of R⁵ and R° and the carbon atoms to which they are attached, define a group of formula •16

C J k/..yA /M f

R¹⁴ ,17

Ύ R 19

R2

R⁵ and R^fc are independently -H, alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from allyl, alkoxy, halogen, nitrile and -NO₂;

R and R^s are independently H or lower alkyl;

R⁹ and R are independently aliphatic or aromatic;

R‘° and Rⁿ are independently H, aliphatic or aromatic;

R¹² is -CH₂R‘h

RL R‘h RL R^l , R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R-^!’, R- , R~ and R²³ are independently selected from H. alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, -CN and -NO,;

m is 0 or 1; n is 1-6: and p is 0, > or 2.

The preparation of fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components of formula III for use according to the method of this invention i? described in Schemes 1-10 below. The preparation and use of fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components of formula III in which B is ONTIP or ONPR⁹ in the preparation oi aldehyde, ketone, oxime, amine, and hydroxamic acid compounds is described in PCT/US97/23920, incorporated herein by reference. The preparation and use of fiuorme-contaimng solid-phase reaction components of formula III in which B is OW or SO₂Z wherein W is H. NC(O)C1,

ΑΡ/Γ7 0 M 18 ( 8

APCο 1296

C(O)R⁹, C(O)NR¹⁰R^H, C(O)OR⁹, SO₂R⁹ or C(O)-imidazol-l-yl in the preparation of amides, peptides, hydroxamic acids, amines, urethanes, carbonates, carbamates, sulfonamides and α-substituted carbonyl compounds is described in U.S. patent application ser. No.: 60/090,558, filed June 24, 1998, incorporated herein by reference.

The preparation of the solid-phase reaction component of formula

R , RR⁴ and R⁷ are as defined herein

Θ· j According to the foregoing Scheme 1, amino resin i or hydroxy resin 4 is coupled with the

4-hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid derivative 2 in a suitable organic solvent such as dichloromethane, DMF,

DMSO or THF to form the 4-hydroxy fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction components 3 or 4hydroxyfluorobenzoyloxy resin compound 5. Coupling times range from about 2 to about 24 hours, depending upon the amino resin and 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid derivative to be coupled, activating agent, solvent and temperature. The coupling is accomplished at from about -10 °C to about 50 °C, preferably at about ambient temperature. The carboxylic acid moiety is activated with an appropriate activating agent such as isopropyl chloroformate in the presence of N-methylpiperidine, diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphonic chloride (BOP-CI) in the presence of triethylamine,

2-(lH-benzotriazole-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) in the presence of diisopropylethyl amine, N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and the like.

APOΟ 129 6

A preferred ammo resin i for preparing the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzamido resms of this invention is aminomethyl polystyrene. Depending on the size of the particles, (75-250 mesh), ammomethyl polystyrene has loading ranges of from about 0.5 to about 1.2 mmol/g and from about 0,1 to about 0.5 mmol/g, respectively. Ammomethyl polystyrene having a particle size of 75 mesh is preferred.

A preferred hydroxy resin 4 is hydroxymethyl resin.

In a preferred method of preparing the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzamido resin 3. a mixture of the 4hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid derivative 2, aminomethyl polystyrene, diisopropylcarbodtimide (DIG) and 4dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in anhydrous DMF is stirred at about ambient temperature for about 18 hours. The 4-hydroxyfluorobenzamido resin 3 is then filtered, washed with one or more solvents and dried.

The preparation of the solid-phase reaction component of formula , o -4-,/^r2 : '' π ' A

D -H 5--OH

R^J wherein D, p, R², R^J and R⁴ are defined herein is shown in Scheme 2.

Scheme 2

R_v

S HD NH + HO₂C—H

Ep ι R _r4

-OH ₇ MX

N //-OH azacyooalkyl resin 6 > 8 i· 0 0 0 /J/dV

As shown in the Scheme 2 above, coupling of the azacycloalkyl resin compound 6 with the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid compound 2 provides the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoyI-azacycloalkyl resin compound 7, The coupling is accomplished using the reagents and conditions described in Scheme 1 above. A preferred azacycloalkyl resin compound is (piperidinomethyl) polystyrene, designated herein as

(pipendinomethyl) polystyrene he preparation of the solid-phase reaction component of formula

NH

Ar ύ Ο 1 2 9 6

F

wherein A is -C(O)- and B is F, OH, SO,H or SO₂C1 is shown in Scheme 3.

polystyrene

F

As shown in Scheme 3, Friedel-Crafts acylation of polystyrene with the 4-fluorofluorobenzoyl chloride derivative 8, in the presence of a Lewis acid such as FeC13, SnCl₄ or A1CL, in a suitable organic solvent, provides the 4-fluorofluorobenzoyl resin compound 9. Reaction of 9 with hydroxide provides the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoyl resin compound K).

In a preferred aspect, polystyrene is acylated with the 4-fluorofluorobenzoyl chloride derivative 8 in the presence of A1C1₃ in nitrobenzene to provide the 4-fluorofluorobenzoyl resin compound 9. A mixture of 9 in water/cyclohexane is treated with sodium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate according to the procedure of Feldman et al., J. Org. Chem., 56 (26), 7350-7354 (1991), to provide the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoyl resin compound 10.

Reaction of the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoyl resin compound 10 with an SO,' equivalent such as potassium metabisulfite, in the presence of base in a suitable organic solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane or chloroform, provides the fluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid resin compound 11.

Representative bases include diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, triethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, and the like. Reaction of the fluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid resin compound 11 with an acid chloride such as

Ί 6 i 0 .’0 0 ZJZdV

Ar Ο Ο 1 2 9 6 chlorosulfonic acid, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, and the like, in an inert organic solvent provides the 5,6-trifluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride acid resin compound 12 .

The preparation the solid-phase reaction component of formula

O.

N'^s:-VV

R'

-R²

B

R~ R' wherein B is F or OH is outlined in Scheme 4.

Scheme 4

As shown in Scheme 4, reaction of amino resin I with the 4-hydroxyfluorophenylsulfonyl chloride compound 13 in the presence of base such as N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, collidine, triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine m a suitable organic solvent such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dioxane, THF or DMF, provides the 4-hydroxyfluorophenylsulfonamide resin compound 14. The reaction is preferably conducted in dichloromethane in the presence of collidine.

'15 Alternatively, amino resin i is. reacted with the 4-fluorofluorophenylsulfonyi chloride compound as described above to give the 4-fluoroiluorophenylsulfonamide resin compound 16 which is converted to the desired 4-hydroxyfluorophenylsulfonamide resin compound 14 as described in Scheme 3 above.

The preparation of a solid-phase reaction component of formula

ΑΡθΟ 12 9 6

s l /rxj/

R^J

R wherein B is F, OH, SO₃H or SO₂C1 is shown in Scheme 5.

/ polystyrene

0-θ-Β(ΟΗ)_{2 +} F

R⁴ 19 L = Br, Cl, I

As shown in Scheme 5, bromination of polystyrene, for example using Br₂ in the presence of FeCl₃, T1(OAc)₃ or BF₃ gives the brominated polystyrene resin compound 17. Metal halogen exchange, for example using an alkyllithium reagent such as n-butyllithium in benzene or TMEDA; addition of trimethylborate; and acidic workup provides the polystyryl boronic acid resin compound 18. Coupling of 18 with the fluorophenyl halide compound 19 using Suzuki conditions (catalytic Pd(0), basic conditions; See Frenette et ah, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 9177 and Brown et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1996,118, 6331), provides the 4-fluorofluorophenyl polystyrene resin compound 20. Conversion of 20 to the 4-hydroxyfluorophenyl polystyrene resin compound 21, fluorophenyl-4-sulfonic acid polystyrene resin compound 22 or the fluorophenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride polystyrene resin compound 23 is accomplished as described in Scheme 3 above.

ΑΡ ύ Ο 12 9 6

The preparation of a solid-phase reaction component of formula

B wherein B is F or OH is outlined in Scheme 6.

Scheme 6

As shown in the foregoing Scheme 6, reaction of thiopolystyrene with a trifluorophenylbenzene compound 24 results in formation of the difluorophenylthio-polystyrene resin compound 25. The reaction is preferably earned out in a suitable solvent such as toluene, dioxane, DMF or DMSO. in the presence of base, preferably catalytic pyridine or N-methylmorpholine. Conversion of 25 to the

4-hydroxyfluorophenylthio-polystyretie resin compound 26 is accomplished as described in Scheme 3 above. Oxidation of 26, lor example using m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) provides the 4hydroxyfluorophenylsulfonyl-polystyrene resin 27.

ΑΡ/Γ7 00/01949

The preparation of the solid-phase reaction component of formula

L-O-NHF _ . (s) (21), wherein . 1. and P are defined herein, is shown in Scheme 7.

Scheme 7

APuO1296

θ-L-O-NHP¹-- (7)-_L-o__Npp·

33

According to the foregoing Scheme 7, a polymeric hydroxy resin compound 28 is converted to the polymeric N-hydroxyphthalimido resin compound 29 by coupling with N-hydroxyphthalimide under

Mitsunobu conditions (Mitsunobu, 0., Synthesis 1981, 1); by conversion of the hydroxy group to a leaving group such as the mesylate followed by nucleophilic displacement with N-hydroxyphthalimide; or by reaction of the polymeric hydroxy resin compound with N-hydroxyphthalimide in the presence of an acid such as benzenesulfonic acid. Removal of the phthalimido group using techniques commonly known in the art such as treatment of 29 with hydrazine, or preferably methvlamine, provides the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 30 in which P is H.

For example, coupling of 28 with N-hydroxyphthalimide is accomplished in the presence of diisopropylazodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in DMF. The phthalimido protection is then removed by methylaminolysis in THF at about 40 °C.

Introduction of an amine protecting group such as benzyl using reagents and reaction conditions commonly known in the art provides the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 31 in which P is an amine protecting group.

In certain instances, the attempted introduction of certain amine protecting groups to the fluorinecontaining solid-phase reaction component 30 results in diprotection of the N atom. Diprotection is preferably avoided by selective mono-protection of 30 with a protecting group P', to form the mono-N20 protected fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 32, followed by introduction of the protecting group P to form the Ν,Ν-diprotected fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 33 and selective removal of P'. A preferred protecting group P' is allyloxycarbonvl which is selectively cleaved in the presence of additional amine protecting groups by Pd(0).

AP/P/ 00/01849

An alternative route to the solid-phase reaction component 31 is outlined in Scheme 8.

APOO129 6

Scheme 8 (A

-L-OH

H°._n.P

P’

O--NPP'

-L-O-NHP

2.1

According to the foregoing Scheme 8, the solid-phase reaction component 30 is coupled with a Ν,Ν-diprotected hydroxylamine compound 34, wherein P and P’ are amine protecting groups to form the Ν,Ν-diprotected fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 35. The amine protecting group P’ is then selectively removed to form the N-protected fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 31·

In a preferred embodiment of the synthesis described in Scheme 8, P is benzyl and P’ is allyloxycarbonyl. Selective removal of the allyloxycarbonyl protecting group is eff ected by treatment with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)Palladium.(0).

The Ν,Ν-diprotected hydroxylamine compound 34 is prepared by sequential introduction of the protecting groups P and P' to an O-protected hydroxylamine compound of formula H jNOP² wherein P² is a hydroxy protecting group. A preferred hydroxy protecting group is alkyl. The amine protecting groups P and P’ are then introduced using reagents and reaction conditions well known in the art of organic synthesis. For Example, reaction of O-feri-butylhydroxylamine with allyloxychloroformate results in formation of N-allyloxycarbonyl-O-ierr-butylhydroxylamine, which is then reacted with benzyl bromide to form N-benzyl-N-allyloxycarbonyl-O-Zert-hutylhydroxylamine. Treatment of

N-henzyl-N-allyloxycarbonyl-O-terz-butylhydroxylamine with trifluoroacetic acid gives

N-henzyl-N-allyloxycarbonylhydroxylamine.

The preparation of a solid-phase reaction component of formula F

OR³ is shown in Scheme 9.

Scheme 9

ΑΡ θ θ 1 2 9 6

F

According to the foregoing Scheme 9, a polymeric chloromethyl resin compound such as chloromethyl polystyrene (36, Merrifield resin) is reacted with 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid compound

37 in the presence of base to form the 4-carboxyfluorophenoxymethyl resin compound 38. Reduction of the carboxylic acid group, for example using LiAlH₄, diisobutylaluminum hydride, or BH₃-THF provides the 4-hydroxymethylfluorophenoxymethyl resin compound 39. Conversion of 39 to the hydroxyphthalimido resin compound 40, followed by removal of the phthalimido group as described in Scheme 7 above provides the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 41.

The preparation of a solid-phase reaction compound of formula f 8 1 ft · 0 0 /.J/dV

is shown in Scheme 10.

AP001296 \ 7

Scheme 10

ΑΡ/Γ/ 0 0/01843

According to the foregoing Scheme 10, a polymeric chloromethyl resin compound 36 is reacted with a ketone 92 m the presence of base as described in Scheme 9 above to form the 9-(2p4'dimethoxyphenyicarbonyS)-tluorophenoxymethyl-resin compound 43. Reduction of the carbonyl, for example using LiBH., provides the 4-(hydroxymethyl-2’,4’-dirnethoxyphenyl)-fluorophenoxyrneihyl resin compound 99. Conversion of 44 to the hydroxyphthalimido resin compound 95. followed by removal of the pbihahmido group as described in Scheme 7 above provides the soh.i-, . -e reaction component 96.

APOO1296

Still more preferred solid-phase reaction components for use according to the method of this invention have formula II wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are F; and one of R⁵ and R⁶ is H and the other of R⁵and R⁶ is H or 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl.

Other still more preferred solid-phase reaction components for use according to the method of 5 this invention have formula II wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are F; and one of R⁵ and R⁶ is H and the other of

R⁵ and R⁶ is H or 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl; and B is F, OW or SO₂Z.

Other still more preferred solid-phase reaction components for use according to the method of this invention have formula II wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are F; and one of R⁵ and R⁶ is H and the other of R⁵ and R⁶ is H or 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl; B is F, OW or SO₂Z; and A is phenylene, -C(O)-, -YC(O)-,

-SO₂-, -NR⁷SO₂- or -CHR⁷O-.

Representative still more preferred solid-phase reaction components include, but are not limited to:

4-carboxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin, designated herein

4-(0-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

6*810/00 /J/dV

4-(2’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl-O-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene1% divinylbenzene) resin, designated herein as

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

ΑΡθ0129 6

F

OH

2.3,5,0-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-4-suifonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

SO₃H

F

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

F

π t

O F

4-hydroxy-2.3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyloxyrnethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

OH

F

AP/P/ 0 0/01849

2,3.5,0-ietrafluorc>benzoyloxyrnethyl-4”Sulfonie acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

2,3,5,6-tetrafiuorobenzoyloxymethyl-4-sulk’nyl chloride-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

AFu U12 9 6 . 5

Λ ./

F

SO₂CI

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

F

O F

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

8*810/00 ZJ/dV

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

AF U Ο 1 2 9 6

f~_x

Η '7 Μ J-

F _::L^,so₃h ! _FF

2,3₃5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

F

N-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5.6-tetrafluorobenzoyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

O F

F

N-(2,.?,5,6-tetrafluorohen2oyl-4-sulfornc acid)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride)-piperidinomethyl-4-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

F

ΑΡ ΰ Ο 12 9 6

N.(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl)-piperidinornethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein

N-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonic acid)sulfonyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

N-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride)sulfonyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin,

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

F

AP ν Ο 1 2 9 6

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride polystyrene resin, designated herein as

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,Metrafluorophenylsulfor;yl-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyisulfonyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated here in as

2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl-4-suifonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

·* Still more preferred solid-phase reaction components for use according to the method of this invention have formula 1 wherein R¹, R², R^J and R⁴ are F; one of R⁵ and R⁶ is H and the other of R⁵ and R⁶ is 2,4-dimeihoxypheriYl; and A is phenylene. -C(O)-, -YC(O)-, -SO₂-, -NR^TSO_:- or -CHRO-.

Representative more preferred solid-phase reaction components include:

4-carboxy-2,3.5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyhcopoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-(O-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrailuorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-(2 ’,4’-dimetho>yphenyl-O-methylhyd!Oxyiamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafiuorophenoxymethy.i-copoly( styrene1% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5.6-tetrafluorobenzamidorneihyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzarrudomethyl-4-sul.fon y 1 chloride-polystyrene resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5.6-pentafluorobenzoyi-polys::yrene resin,

ΑΡϋ 0 12 9 6

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin and 5 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin,

An especially preferred solid-phase reaction component is

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-polystyrene resin.

The use of ^l9F NMR to quantify and monitor the preparation of fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction product of formula

is shown in Scheme 11.

7 810.00 /J/dV

As shown in the foregoing scheme 11, the first step in the preparation of the fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component consists of loading aminomethyl resin i with the 4-hydroxyfluorobenzoic acid derivative 2 as described in Scheme 1 above. The level of resin loading to the amino resin 1 is determined as described above.

The second step in the preparation of the fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 is coupling of the 4-hydroxy fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 3 with a carboxylic acid compound of formula R⁹CO₂H. Coupling times range from about 2 to about 24 hours depending on the nature of the 4-hydroxy fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 3, the carboxylic acid compound R⁹CO₂H, solvent, reaction temperature and activating agent. Coupling is preferably accomplished using diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in the presence of catalytic

AP Ο Ο 12 9 6

4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a su itable solvent such as benzene, dichloromethune, di chloroethane, dioxane, THF or DMT at about ambient temperature over about 18 hours. A preferred solvent is anhydrous DMF. The fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 is then washed with a suitable organic soivent or solvents to remove excess reagents.

The coupling reaction described above results in down-field shift of the ^l9F resonances in the fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 relative to the 4-hydroxy fluorinecontaining activated ester solid-phase reaction component 3. Consequently, loading ot 'the carboxylic acid compound R;CO,H can be determined by comparison of relative integral values of the ⁱ⁹F resonances corresponding to the activated ester and phenol moieties. These measurements are independent of resin quantity and total sample volume.

In a similar fashion, subsequent reactions performed on the fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 can be quantifed using the techniques described above. For example, the fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 can be cleaved with an amine of formula HNR'⁴RT wherein R*⁴ and R are H, aliphatic or aromatic, to form an amide of formula 37 with concomitant regeneration of the 4-hydroxy fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 3 as shown in Scheme 12.

Scheme 12

The reaction described in Scheme 12 above is quantified by comparison oi r. i.·: ' e integral values of the ^li'F resonances corresponding to fluorine-containing activated ester solid-phase reaction component 36 and 4-hydroxy fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component 3.

In a similar fashion, the progress, of a solid-phase reaction over time may be monitored by 2c periodically obtaining a ’T NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture and monitoring the disappearance of the F resonances corresponding to the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component.

Solid-phase synthetic techniques are used extensively in the preparation of peptides. Peptide synthesis on solid supports generally involves building a peptide from the carboxyl or C·terminal end in which the C-termnal ammo acid with its α-aniino group protected is attached to a solid-phase polymer.

r0 The N-protecting group is then cleaved oft, and the next ammo acid, also N-protected is coupled by a peptide bond to tne a-amuio group of the amino acid attached to the solid support as described above.

The cycle of deprotection oi the prior amino acid and coupling the additional amino avid is repeated until the peptide is completed. Any reactive side chains of the amino acids are protected by chemical groups

APOΟ 129 6 that can withstand the coupling and N“-deprotection procedure but can he removed at the end of the synthesis.

The yield of any of the coupling reactions utilized in the peptide synthesis described above have heretofore been determined by cleaving a sample of the peptide from the resin, purifying the peptide and calculating the yield. By using the ¹⁹F NMR methodology described herein, the yield is determined simply by comparing the ^I9F resonances of the starting and product resin-bound peptide at each step of the synthesis.

It is to be understood that this invention covers all appropriate combinations of the particular and preferred groupings referred to herein.

The foregoing may be better understood by reference to the following examples, which are presented for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

Fluorine NMR

Unless otherwise indicated, ¹⁹F NMR experiments are carried out on a Varian Unityplus spectrometer operating at a ¹⁹F frequency of 470.228 MHz. The ’H nanoprobe is tuned to ^I9F frequency. Typically, spectra are acquired with a (delay-pulse-acquire) sequence repeated for nt transients. Typical spectral width is 100,000Hz and the chemical shifts are referenced relative to CFC1₃ using the transmitter frequency. The spectra are acquired using a Nanoprobe in which the sample is oriented at a magic angle (54.7 degrees) relative to the magnetic field and the sample is spun at a rate of 1000-1500Hz. The samples are prepared by swelling an accurately weighed 2-3 mg sample of fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product with about 40 pL of deuterated dimethylformamide (DMF). When an external standard is used for the analysis, it is typically added first to the dry fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product in the sample tube. The external standard is preferably 3-fluorobenzamide, in which case, 20 pL of a 0.125 M solution of 3-fluorobenzamide in deuterated DMF is added to the dry resin in the sample tube.

o o

t · ♦ · *

«X

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of 4-hvdroxv-2,3.5.6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copolvf styrene-l%-divinv'lbenzenet-resin.

To a stirred slurry of aminomethyl polystyrene (0.82 mmol/g, 800 g, 656 mmoi) in DMF ( 8 L) is added a solution cf 2.3.5,6-tetrafluoro-4-bydroxybenzoic acid (234 g, 984 mmol) in DM? (1 L), a solution of 1-by dr oxv benzotriazole (133 g, 984 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) and diisopropyl carbodiimide (124 g, 984 mmol) and the mixture is stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is then filtered and the resin washed with DMF (1x1 L; 5 x 2 L), THF (3 x 2 L; 2 x 3 L) and CH_;C1, (3x3 L). The resin is then air-dried in trays for 2 days.

The resm (995 g) is then added to a mixture of piperidine (125 mL) and DMF ( 6 L). DMF ( 2 L) is added to facilitate stirring and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. The mixture is then filtered and the resin is washed with DMF (10 x 500ml) and dried in vacuo.

The resm is then suspended in DMF (4 L) and a solution of 2M HCl (750 ml,i m DMF (2 Lh is added and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 hours. The resin is then filtered, washed with DMF (10 L) arid THF (.10 L) and dried overnight in vacuo at ambient temperature.

AP/P/ 00/018*9

EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of 2.3.4.5.6-pentafluorobenzovl-copolv(stvrene-l%-divinvlbenzene)-resin.

F

O F

To a mixture of copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene) resin (100-200 mesh, 10 g) and pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (25 g) in nitrobenzene (250 mL) is added A1C1₃ (1.0 M in nitrobenzene, 38 mL) and the reaction mixture is stirred at 60 °C for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is then poured into a

-' mixture of DMF (30 mL), concentrated HCI (20 mL) and ice (80 g). The mixture is stirred for 30 10 minutes, filtered, and the resin is washed with 3:1 DMF-H₂O until the washings are colorless. The resin is then washed with warm DMF and 2:1 dichloromethane-methanol (6 x) and dried in vacuo. ¹⁹F NMR δ -146.5 (2F), -157 (IF), -165.5 (2F).

EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of 4-hydroxv-2,3.5.6-pentafluorobenzovl-copolv(styrene-l%-divinvlbenzene)-resin.

AP/P/ 0 0 ! 0 18 < 9

The title resin is prepared by treating a mixture of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl-copoly(styrene20 1 %-divinylbenzene)-resin in water/cyclohexane with sodium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as described by Feldman et al., J. Org. Chem., 56 (26), 7350-7354 (1991).

EXAMPLE 4

Preparation of 2.3.5,6-tetrafluorobenzovl-4-sulfonic acid-copolvt stvrene-l%-divinv]ben2ene)-resin.

SO₃H

F

A mixture of 2,3,4.5,6-pentafiuorohetizoyl-copoly(styrene-1%-divmylbenzerie j-resin (325 mg), prepared as in Example 2, dichloromethane (3 mL), H₂O (1 mL), triethylamine (1.2 rnL / and potassium metabisulfite (560 mg) is stirred for 3 days. The resin is then washed with dichloromethane (6 x) and dried in vacuo at 40 °C. NMR δ -142 (2P), -147 (2F).

EXAMPLE 5

Preparation of 2.3.5.6-tetrafluorobenzovi-9-sulfonvl chloride-copolvCstvrene-l%-divinv;benzene)-resm.

SO₂CI

F ί > In '00Zd/«JV

The 2.3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-4-sulfonic acid-copoly(styrene-1 %-divinylberu-.ene)-resin (300 mg), prepared in .Example 4, is swelled in carbon tetrachloride (3 mL) and chlorosulfomc acid (1 mL) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours and then is quenched with acetic acid. The resin is filtered, washed with dichloromethane (6 x) and ether (4 x) and dried in vacuo at 40 ^; C, ^l9F NMR δ -142 (2F), -146.5 (2F).

EXAMPLE 6

Preparation of 2.3.4.5.6-pentafluorophenvlsulfonamidomethvl-copolv(stvrene-l%-divinvlbenzene)-resin.

Aminomethyl polystyrene (1 g, 1.2 mmol) is swelled with dichloromethane and 2,4,6-collidine (0.475 mL, 3.6 mmol) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenylsulfonyl chloride (1.44 mmol) are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours and the resin is filtered, washed with dichloromethane (6x) and dried in vacuo at 40 °C.

EXAMPLE?

Preparation of 4-hvdroxv-2.3.5.6-pentafIuorophenvlsulfonamidomethvl-copolv(stvrene-l%divinvlbenzenei-resin.

AP/P/0 0 / 0 1 a 48

The title resin is prepared according to the method of Example 3, except substituting 2,3,4,5,6pentafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin, prepared as in Example 17, for 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin.

EXAMPLE 8

4-carboxv-2.3.5.6-tetrafluorophenoxvmethvl-copolvfstvrene-l% divinvlbenzene) resin.

co₂h

F F

Merrifield resin (2 mmol/g, 600 mg, 1.2 mmol) is swelled in anhydrous DMF (20 mL). 2,3,5,6tetrafluoro-4-hydroxy benzoic acid hydrate (2.28 g, 10 mmol) and cesium carbonate (3.26 g, 10 mmol) are added and the reaction mixture is heated at 85 °C for 12 hours with gentle agitation. The reaction

ΑΡ θ θ 1 2 9 6 mixture is filtered and the 4-carboxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene·1% divinylbenzene) resin is washed with DMF (5x), 20% aqueous DMF (5x), THF (5x) and dichioromethane and dried overnight in vacuo. IR (microscope, cm-1): 1640 (C=O); ¹⁹F NMR (nanoprobe) -144.4 ppm, 160.2 ppm.

EXAMPLE 9

Determination of loading of aminomethyi resin with 2.3.5.6-tetrafluoro-4-hvdroxybenzpic acid (TTP) using ^l9F NMR.

0O ,NH2

OH p

F

F,. X OOH

-0Cu,' 0

....20 ' )

The loading of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,0-tetrafluorobenzamidomefhyl-copoly(styrer.e-1 %divinylbenzene)-resin is determined obtaining the ¹⁹F NMR spectrum of a sample consisting of a mixture of 3-fiuorobenzanide and 4-bydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly( styrene-1 %divinylbenzene)-resin. The integrals of the ^;I'F resonances corresponding to 3-fluorobenzamide and 4hydroxy-2.3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidometbyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resm are measured and the loading of the resin is then calculated using formula 1.

The ^!<T NMR spectrum is acquired at ambient temperature on a Varian UnityPius spectrometer operating at 470.2 3 MHz, The spectrometer is equipped with a single coil proton Nanoprobe tuned to 19F. The sample is prepared by accurately weighing 2-4 mg of resin in a sample tube. To the weighed resin is added 20 microliters of a 0.125 M solution of 3-fluorobenzamide in d7-dimethylformamide (Cambridge Isotopes), followed by sufficient d7-dimethylformamide to fill the sample tube (total solvent volume is approximately 40 microliters).

The loading of 4 samples of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%divinylbenzene)-resin, prepared using the coupling conditions summarized below, is determined by ^!9F NMR and by combustion analysis, is summarized in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, there is excellent agreement between the resin loading determined by ¹⁹F NMR and the resin loading as determined by combusti on ana ly sis.

ΑΡ/Π/00/0 18 49

AP u υ 1 2 9 6

Table 1

Determination of Loading of Aminomethyl Resin with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (TFP) using ¹⁹F NMR.

Sample	Coupling conditions	Resin Loading (mmol TFP/g resin)
¹⁹FNMR	Combustion analysis
1	Initial aminomethyl resin loading 0.82 mmol/g.	0.83	0.87
2	As in Example 1; initial aminomethyl resin loading 0.39 mmol/g.	0.27	0.28
3	As in Example 1; initial aminomethyl resin loading 0.47 mmol/g.	0.35	0.35
4	As in Example 1, except 20% HCl in DMF used instead of 2N HC1/DMF; initial aminomethyl resin loading 0.47 mmol/g.	0.35	0.38

EXAMPLE 10

General procedure for preparing 2.3.5.6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethvl-cor>olv(stvrene-I%-divinvIbenzene') activated ester resin compounds.

4-Hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene)-resin (0.47 mmol/g, 0.5 g) is weighed into each of 40 20 mL Jones tubes arranged in a test tube rack and DMF (4 mL), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC; 0.186 mL, 5 equiv.) and 4-dimethylaminopryidine (DMAP; 43 mg,

1.5 equiv. (1 mL of a stock solution prepared by dissolving 1720 mg of DMAP in 40 mL of DMF)) are added to each tube. The carboxylic acid to be coupled (5 equiv.) is added and the test tube rack is shaken overnight at ambient temperature. The test tube rack is removed from the shaker the resin samples are filtered in two batches of 20. The resin samples are washed with DMF (5x5 ml), THF (5 x 5ml) and CH₂CL (5 x 5ml) and dried overnight at 35 °C.

IVr 001296

EXAMPLE 11

Monitoring of 4-1 i-f4-tnfluoromethvlphenvi)-2.5-dimethvbvrrol-4-oylloxv-2.3,5,6tetrafluorobenzamidornethvi-copolv(stvrene-l%-divinvlbenzene) formation using ‘T NMR.

CH₃

The coupling of 4-hydroxy-2,3.5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-1 %divinylbenzene)-resin and l-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,5-pyrrole-4-carboxylic acid, using the procedure of Example 10, is monitored using ¹⁹F NMR by removing aliquots of the reaction at selected time periods and obtaining the ¹⁹F NMR spectra of the aliquots. As the reaction proceeds, the ^l9F resonances corresponding to ihe starting of 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoiy(styrene-l %divinylbenzene)-resin are replaced by the ^:T resonances corresponding to the product 4-( I -(4trifluoromethylphimyI)-2,5-dimethylpyrroi-4-oyl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidometbyicopoly(styrene-l%-divinylbenzene) resin. The ¹⁹F NMR spectra obtained at 5, 50 and 100 minutes are reproduced in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 7. the reaction mixture consists of entirety of starting resin at

5 minutes; about equal amounts of starting resin and activated ester resin product at 50 minutes; and almost entirely activated ester resin product at 100 minutes. Exact quantification of the progress of the reaction at a giver time period is obtained by integrating the starting resin and product activated ester resin ^b'F resonances δ i 8 i 0 , 0 0 /«J/4V

7) EXAMPLE 12

General procedure for cleaving 2,3.5.6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethvl-copolvistvrene-l%-divinyroenzene) activated ester res.n compounds with amines.

The requisite amount of 2,3,5,6-ietrafluorobenzamidomethyl-copoly(styreni- drvmy ibenzene) activated ester resm compounds are placed in the desired receptacle i.e. 96 well plates: reaction flasks; test-tubes, etc,

A stock solution in DMF of the desired amine is prepared in a desired container. By any suitable means, i.e. by pipette, or robotic instrument an amount of the amine stock solution is transferred to the resin reaction vessels. The amount of amine being transferred is usually 0.8 equivalents· of the resin (in

ΑΡ υ ϋ12 9 6 mmoles). The reaction vessels are then agitated for about 3 days. The mixture in the reaction vessels is then removed by pipetting or by robotic instruments to be filtered through any suitable device, such as

Jones filtration tubes or through a Polyfiltronics filtration plate. These procedures allow the free resin to be retained in the filtration device, whilst permitting the reaction liquid to pass into a collection vessel, such as test tube or a 96 well plate. The filtrate is then concentrated to dryness using any suitable device such as a Turbovac; a Savant or a Genevac evaporator. This process will produce the desired compound as an amide in a form suitable for biological assay. In the case of amines that may be N-protected as Boc, etc. or have t-butyl ester groups present, these can be removed by treating the protected amide final product with a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride in the presence of a trace of water.

EXAMPLE 13

Preparation of a fluorine-containing solid support.

A 1 L cylindrical reaction vessel is charged with 450 mL of deionized water, 4.5 g polyvinylpyrollidone and 0.5 g azoisobutyronitrile. The flask is well purged with nitrogen gas. The mixture is stirred 30 minutes at 200 rpm using a Teflon agitator, then styrene (24 mL), 4-fluorostyrene (11.4 mL), 1,4-divinylbenzene (0.6 mL) and 4-vinylbenzylchloride (13.8 mL) are added. The mixture is next stirred at 305 rpm at room temperature for 1 hour, then heated to 80 °C for 18 hours to complete the polymerization reaction. After cooling, the resin is washed with water (1.5 L), methanol (1.0 L) and dimethylformamide (2x500 mL) prior to drying in vacuo. Elemental analysis of the polymer resin gives

7.41 % Cl and 3.22 % F. The IR spectrum of the resin shows : 1266 cm'¹ (-CH_;C1 wag) and 1223 cm'¹ (C-F stretch).

EXAMPLE 14

Preparation of a fluorine-containing solid support by modification of a pre-formed resin.

Merrifield resin (2 mmol/g, 1.0 g, 2.0 mmol) is swelled in anhydrous dimethylformamide (25 mL). A solution of 4-fluorophenol (0.7 mmol, 78 mg) and sodium hydroxide (0.75 mmol, 0.75 mL of 1.0 N aqueous solution) in 3 mL of dimethylsulfoxide is added and the reaction mixture is heated at 80 °C for 30 hours with gentle agitation. After cooling, the resin is washed sequentially with dimethylformamide (2 X 25 mL), 2 % aqueous HCI in dimethylformamide (1 mL in 9 mL dimethylformamide; 25 mL), dimethylformamide (2 X 25 mL), and finally CH₂C1₂ (2 X 25 mL). The product is dried in vacuo, then stored at -5 °C until used.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS;

1. A method of quantitating a solid-phase reaction comprising;

(a) reacting a solid-phase reaction component or a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction

5 component with a reactant or fluorine-containing reactant to form a fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product:

(b) obtaining a ’T NMR spectrum of the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product; and (c) comparing the integral corresponding to the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction product ^1SF resonance to the integral corresponding to a standard ¹⁹F resonance contained in an internal standard.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the ^,9F NMR spectra are obtained using magic angle spinning.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the internal standard is a fluorine-containing solid15 phase reaction component of formula

L~B wherein is :t solid support optionally containing one or more fluorine atoms;

ΑΓ/Γ/ o 0 / 0 1 g t, 0 > L is absent or a linking group optionally containing one or more fluorine atom:, provided that at least one of the solid support and the 'linking group contains at least one fluorine atom: and

25 B is a functional group suitable for reaction with a reactant to form a fluorine-containing solidphase reaction product,
4. Tne method according to claim 3 wherein the solid support contains one or more fluorine atoms.

30 5, The method according to claim 3 wherein solid support;

L is a group of formula

Rzo _ R21 /—\ ° / \ II

-D N-CMA

-D v O \ II

N-SMA

A is absent or is selected from ^/p ' ^p

-C(O)-, -YC(O)-, -SO₂-, -NR⁷SO2-, -CHR⁷-, -CHR⁷Y- and -CHR⁷YC(O)(CH2)m-;

; B is halogen, NHP, OW or SO₂Z;

D is CH or N;

10 P is H or an amine protecting group;

W is H, NHP, NPR⁹, NC(O)C1, C(O)R⁹, C(O)NR¹⁰Rⁿ, C(O)OR⁹, SO₂R⁹ or C(O)-imidazol-l-yl;

Y is -O- or -NR⁸-;

Zis Cl, OH, OR_aorNR⁹R¹²;

,) R¹ is F, or when one of R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is F, R^! is H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, CN or NO₂;

20 R², R³ and R⁴ are independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, CN or NO,, or one of R² ,R^J and R⁴, taken together with one of R⁵ and R⁶ and the carbon atoms to which they are attached, define a group of formula

AP/P/ 0 0 / 0 18 4 S

R⁵ and R⁶ are independently -H, alkyd, phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, nitrile and -NO,;

AP Ο Ο 1 2 9 6

R and R^s are independently H or lower alkyl;

R° and R‘^? are independently aliphatic or aromatic;

R¹’·' and R^u are independently H, aliphatic or aromatic;

Rⁿ is -CFLRfr

10 R\ R‘z, R’\ Rfr R’\ R¹⁹, R^2,J, Rfo R‘^;: and R²³ are independently selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, -CN and -NO-;

m is 0 or 1;

15 n is 1-6; and p is 0, 1 or 2,

6. The method according to claim 5 wherein R’, R², R^J and R⁴ are F; and one of R^; and R⁶ is H and 20 the oilier of R' and Rr is H or 2,4-dimeihoxyphenyl.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein B is F, OW or SO,Z.

S, The method according to claim 7 wherein A is phenylene. -C(O)-, -YC(O)-, · -. -NR⁷SO_;- or

25 -CHRO-.

9. The method according to claim 5 wherein the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component is selected from

4-carboxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

30 4-(O-methylhydroxylamme)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-(2’.4’-dimethoxyphenyl-O-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxynu fh. · -. pcb.frstyrene1% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-hydroxy-2.3.5.,6-ie;rafluorobenzamidoinelhyi-poly3tyrene resin, 2.3,5,6-tetrafiuorcbenzamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

35 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobsnzamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, 4-hydroxy~2,3,5,6~teoafluorobenzoyloxymethyl-po3ystyrene resin,

AP/rz 00/018*9

AP&Ο 1296

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyloxymethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin.

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyloxymethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,
5 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, N-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin,
10 N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid)-piperidinOmethyl-polystyrene resin,

N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonyl chloride)-piperidinomethyl-4-polystyrene resin, N-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin,

N-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonic acid)sulfonyl)-piperidmomethyl-polystyrene resin, N-((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride)sulfonyl)-piperidinomethyl-polystyrene resin,

15 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride polystyrene resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, and

20 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin.

10. The method according to claim 5 wherein the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component is selected from

4-carboxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin,

25 4-(O-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene-l% divinylbenzene) resin, 4-(2’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl-O-methylhydroxylamine)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenoxymethyl-copoly(styrene1% divinylbenzene) resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin, designated herein as

30 2.3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin,

4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-pentafluorobenzoyl-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzoyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin,

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorobenzovl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin, 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenvlsulfonamidomethyl-polystyrene resin,

35 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonic acid-polystyrene resin and

2.3.5.6- tetrafluorophenylsulfonamidomethyl-4-sulfonyl chloride-polystyrene resin.

AP/*/ 0 0 / 01- 8 < 9
11, The method according to claim 5 wherein the fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component is 4-hydroxy-2,3.5,6-tetrafluorobenzamidornethyl-polystyrene resin.
12. A fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component of formula wherein

LG—B

LG is absent or a linking group wherein LG is optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; and

B is a functional group suitable for reaction with a reactant to form a fluorine -containing solidphase reaction product.
13. The fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component according to claim 12 which is prepared by polymerizing s mixture comprising at least one fluorine-containing monomer.
14. The fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component according to claim. 13 wherein the fluorine-containing monomer is 4-fluorostyrene,
15. The fluorine-containing solid-phase reaction component according to claim ΐ 3 which is prepared by polymerizing a mixture of styrene, 4-fluorostyrene, 1,4-divinylbenzene and 4-vinyIbenzylchloride.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid-phase reaction component is Merrifield resin and the fluorine-containing reactant is 4-fluorophenoI.