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NZ617574B2 - Wind turbine - Google Patents

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Publication number
NZ617574B2
NZ617574B2 NZ617574A NZ61757412A NZ617574B2 NZ 617574 B2 NZ617574 B2 NZ 617574B2 NZ 617574 A NZ617574 A NZ 617574A NZ 61757412 A NZ61757412 A NZ 61757412A NZ 617574 B2 NZ617574 B2 NZ 617574B2
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
rotor
generator
displacement
stator
wind power
Prior art date
Application number
NZ617574A
Other versions
NZ617574A (en
Inventor
Albrecht Brenner
Frank Knoop
Matthias Ubben
Original Assignee
Wobben Properties Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102011017801A external-priority patent/DE102011017801B8/en
Application filed by Wobben Properties Gmbh filed Critical Wobben Properties Gmbh
Publication of NZ617574A publication Critical patent/NZ617574A/en
Publication of NZ617574B2 publication Critical patent/NZ617574B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

wind power installation comprising a rotor 70 to which rotor blades 30 can be fitted, an electric generator 50 having a generator stator 100 and a generator rotor 200, where the rotor 30 is coupled to the generator rotor 200, and a plurality of displacement units which during the fitting or removal of rotor blades 30, are releasably fastened with a first end to the generator stator and a second end to the generator rotor. The displacement units each have a respective hydraulic cylinder 320, the deflection of which is controllable so that by actuation of the displacement unit the generator rotor 200 is displaced relative to the generator stator 100 and rotation of the rotor 200 is effected. The displacement unit has a bracket at its first end and a fork at its second end. The bracket is fastened to the generator stator 100 and the fork is fastened to the generator rotor 200. The hydraulic cylinder 320 is provided between the fork and the bracket. l of rotor blades 30, are releasably fastened with a first end to the generator stator and a second end to the generator rotor. The displacement units each have a respective hydraulic cylinder 320, the deflection of which is controllable so that by actuation of the displacement unit the generator rotor 200 is displaced relative to the generator stator 100 and rotation of the rotor 200 is effected. The displacement unit has a bracket at its first end and a fork at its second end. The bracket is fastened to the generator stator 100 and the fork is fastened to the generator rotor 200. The hydraulic cylinder 320 is provided between the fork and the bracket.

Description

Aloys Wobben' rasse 19, 26607 Aurich Wind turbine The present invention ns a wind power installation.
Various concepts are known for fitting and removing rotor blades of a wind power installation.
DE 102 24 439 disclosesa wind power installation having a direction— changling roller and a cable guide means in the region of the pylon head of the wind power installation for passing a hauling cable from the winch therethrough. A rotor blade is then pulled up to the pylon head by means of that cableand suitably fastened.
DE 103 05 543 discloses a further method of fitting rotor blades. In that case the rotor hub is rotated into a ermined first position. A rotor blade is mounted in place and the rotor hub is rotated by means of the rotor blade into a predetermined second position. In that case on of the rotor hub is effected in the direction of the action of the force of gravity Of the first rotor blade' which has already been fitted in place.
EP 1 412 638 discloses a further method of fitting rotor blades. In ' that case compensating weights are used instead of the rotor blades in the blade g ion.
An object of the present invention is to provide a wind power installation Which permits rotor blade fitment even in on to very high wind power installations.
That object is attained by a wind power installation according to claim 1 and by a method of fitting or removing a wind power installation rotor blade ing to claim 4.
Thus there is provided a wind power installation comprising a rotor to 3O which rotor blades can be fitted, an electric generator having a generator stator and a generator rotor, and a plurality of displacement units. The first end of the displacement unit is fastened to the generator stator and the sec'ond end of the displacement unit is releasably fastened to the generator rotor. The displacement units each have a respective hydraulic cylinder, the 2' , deflection of which is controllable so that by actuation of the displacement units the generator rotor is displaced relative to the generator stator. Thus rotation of‘ the rotor is also caused.
In an aspect of the invention the displacement unit has a bracket at its first end and a fork at its second end. The bracket is ed to the generator stator or to a'fixed component of the generator stator and the fork is fastened to the generator rotor. The hydraulic cylinder is provided n the fork and the bracket.
In a further aspect of the invention the fork is releasably fastened to a brake disc of the generator rotor.
The ion also concerns a method of g or removing rotor blades of a wind power installation. In that case the wind power installation has a rotor and an electric generator. The generator has a generator stator and a generator rotor. The rotor is coupled to the generator rotor. A first end of a displacement unit is fastened to the generator stator. A second end of the displacement unit is releasably fastened to the generator rotor.
The displacement units have a hydraulic cylinder, the deflection of which is controllable. The hydraulic cylinder is ed to e deflection. The second end of some of the displacement units is removed. The hydraulic cylinder of some of the displacement units is actuated to contract the hydraulic cylinder. The second end of the displacement unit is in turn. again fitted to the generator rotor. Renewed actuation of the hydraulic cylinder is then effected to deflect the hydraulic cylinder and thus produce a relative displacement between the tor stator and the generator rotor and therewith also rotation of the rotor.
The invention also concerns a use of a displacement unit having a hydraulic cylinder for producing a relative displacement between a generator rotor and a generator stator of a generator of a wind power installation. In that case a first end of the displacement unit is fastened to 3o the generator stator and the second end of the cement unit is ed to the generator rotor. By deflection of the hydraulic cylinder, a relative movement is produced between the generator rotor and the tor stator.
Because the rotor of the wind power installation is preferably fixedly coupled to the generator rotor, rotation of the generator rotor also leads to a rotation of the rotor of the wind power installation. Thus rotation of the generator rotor and ith also rotation of the rotor of the wind power installation can be implemented by stepwise displacement of the generator rotor relative to the generator stator.
The invention concerns the notion of providing at least one” displacement unit, for example having at least one hydraulic cylinder, between a stator and a rotor of the generator of the wind power installation. - In that case the cement unit is adapted to be dismantleable so that it is used only upon fitting or removingrotor blades of the wind power installation. The displacement units are then removed for the actual operation of the wind power installation. Preferably a plurality of displacement units are arranged around the periphery of the stator and the rotor respectively of the generator. The rotor can be d through a ermined angle relative to the stator by activation of the hydraulic cylinders (extension of the cylinder) of the cement units. As the hydraulic cylinders of the displacement units only have a limited stroke nt, displacement of the rotor of the generator and ith also of the rotor blades fastened to the spinner or the rotor of the wind power installation can be effected only stepwise or in portion—wise n. For that purpose it may be ary to at least partially remove the displacement units and re—fit them at another location, in which case however one of the displacement units should remain fitted to ensure a certain braking effect.
Further configurations of the invention are t—matter of the appendant claims.
Advantages and embodiments by way of example of the invention are described in greater detail hereinafter with reference to the drawing. 3O Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a tor of a wind power installation according to a first embodiment, Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic view of a portion of the generator of the wind power installation according to the first embodiment, Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic view of a further portion of the generator of a wind power installation according to the first ment, Figure 4 shows a view on an enlarged scale of a further portion of a generator of a wind power installation according to the first embodiment, Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a fork of a displacement unit in the generator of the wind power lation according to the first embodiment, Figures 6A and BB showvarious perspective views of a displacement unit for a generator of a wind power installation according to a second embodiment, and Figure 7 shows a diagrammatic view of a wind power installation according to the ion.
Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a generator of a wind power installation according to a first embodiment. The wind power installation according to the invention has a pylon, a pod on the pylon and a rotor (see Figure 7). The rotor of the wind power installation represents the rotating part of the wind power installation, that is to say for example the rotor blades and the rotor hub. The generator of the wind power installation is preferably provided within a pod (not shown) of a wind power installation.
The generator comprises a generator stator 100 and a generator rotor 200.
The rotor of the wind power installation is connected to the generator rotor so that rotation of the rotor also causes rotation of the generator rotor 200 and vice-versa. The generator stator 100 has a plurality of stator arms 110 which Carry a stator ring 120. The rotor 200 of the tor is provided within the stator ring. In addition there are twelve displacement units 300.
Those displacement units 300 can each have a respective lic cylinder 21 — 212. In this arrangement the first end of the displacement unit is fastened to one of the stator support arms 110 while the second end is fastened to the rotor 200 of the tor. The rotor can be displaced relative to the stator by ion of the respective cement units 300.
In Figure 1 there are twelve displacement units between each two adjacent stator support arms. According to the invention however it is also possible to provide fewer than twelve or more than twelve displacement units.
Although Figure 1 shows that the stator has a stator ring and stator arms, the stator according to the invention can also be of a different structure. According to the invention the displacement units are provided between the generator rotor and the generator stator so that actuation of the hydraulic cylinders of the displacement units also leads to a relative displacement n the generator rotor and the generator stator.
Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic ctive view of a portion of the generator of the first embodiment of Figure 1. Some parts of the generator such as for example the stator ring and further parts of the rotor are not shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 only shows a part 210 of the rotor. The part 210 (for example a brake disc of the rotor) preferably has a plurality of holes 211. The displacement unit 300 has a fork 310 at its first end and a bracket 330 at its second end. A hydraulic cylinder 320 is ed between the fork 310 and the bracket 330. The fork 310 is fastened for example by means of bolts or a screw means in the holes 211. The bracket 330 is fastened to one of the stator support arms 110. Preferably the ts 330 » are respectively fastened either to the left-hand or the right—hand side of the stator support arm 310.
Figure 3 shows a r portion of a generator according to a first embodiment. Some parts of the generator such as for example the stator ring are also not shown in Figure 3. The displacement unit 300 has a fork 310 at its first end and a bracket 330 at its second end. A hydraulic cylinder 320 is provided between the bracket 330 and the fork 310. The fork 310 has at least one hole through which the fork can be releasably fastened in holes 211 of a part 210 of the rotor.
Figure 4 shows a ctive view of the second end of the 1displacement unit of Figure 3. In this case the bracket 330 of the 3O displacement unit is releasably ed to a stator arm 110. That can be effected for example by way of a screw means. Figure 4 also shows an end of the hydraulic cylinder 320.
According to the invention the bracket can be of differing lengths so that the displacement unit can be adapted to the corresponding lation situations in the wind power installation.
Figure 5 shows a mmatic view of the fork 310 of the first embodiment. The fork has two holes 311, 312. Those holes serve to fasten the fork to a part 210 of the rotor. The fork further has a portion 313 serving to receive an end of the hydraulic cylinder.
Figures 6A and 6B show two diagrammatic views of a displacement unit for a generator according to a second embodiment. The displacement unit 300 has a fork 310, a t 330 and therebetween a hydraulic cylinder 320. The fork 310 has a hole 311, by means of which the fork can be releasably fastened to the part 210. The bracket 330 can also be releasably fastened to a support arm or another part of a stator of the generator.
The hydraulic cylinders of the first and second embodiments have for example optionally an operating pressure of 700 bars, a pressing force of 72' t, a pulling force of 50 t and are of a weight of for example 54 kg.
The removable cement units according to the first and second embodiments of the invention are used in particular in fitting and removing rotor blades of a wind power installation. Particularly in the case of very large wind power installations, the use of the cement units ing to the invention makes it possible to dispense with a crane which is otherwise typically used for rotating the rotor (spinner) of the wind power installation. The displacement units are fastened at their one end for example'to a brake disc of the rotor and at their second end to a support arm or another part of the stator of the generator.
The displacement units according to the ion can produce a displacement (relative as betWeen the generator rotor and the generator ) of for example a few degrees. With the use of the displacement 3O units according to the invention it is possible'to rotate a rotor (spinner) of the wind power installation even when one or two rotor blades are already fastened thereto. It is thus also possible in that way to ensure rotation under load. If at least one of the displacement units is fitted in place, that displacement unit can also be used to limit a rotary movement as the rotation can never be more than the stroke travel of the hydraulic cylinders.
According to the ion the brackets 330 can be of a differing length to be adapted to different installation situations.
In that respect the displacement units according to the invention can be of'such a design configuration that for example in the first embodiment only ten of the twelve cement units are required to rotate the rotor.
The displacement units according to the invention are used in particular in fitting or removing rotor blades of a wind power lation. A connection for a rotor blade can be rotated by means of the displacement units according to the invention into a 9 o'clock position so that a rotor blade can be fitted in place. The pod can then be rotated through 180°.
Thereafter the lic cylinders of the displacement units are extended and the generator rotor can move for example through 3.75° (the rotor of the-wind power installation also moves therewith as they are coupled together). Then for example two cylinders can be ed while the other ' ers hold the entire system. The piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders are retracted and the fork as well as the bracket are released and can be fastened again, that is to say at another location. Further ones of the for example ten displacement units are then released and re-fitted at another location. As an alternative thereto it is possible to dispense with e and re-fitting, more specifically by only the fork being tled from the brake disc and re-fitted at another location. By way of example according to the invention 16 stroke movement processes have to be performed to rotate the rotor of the generator through 60° so that the next blade adaptor is at the 9 o'clock position and the next rotor blade can be fastened in place. As an alternative o the connection can also be rotated into a 6 o'clock position and the blade can be fitted from below with a cable system 3O and thereafter further rotated h 120°.
The rotor of the wind power lation then has to be rotated through 120° so that the next rotor blade can be fastened to the third blade adaptor.
Figure 7 shows a mmatic view of a wind power installation according to the invention. The wind power installation has a pylon 10 and. a pod 20 on the pylon 10. The azimuth orientation of the pod can be altered by means of an azimuth drive 80 to adapt the orientation of the pod to the currently prevailing wind direction. The pod 20 has a rotatable rotor 70 having at least two and preferably three rotor blades 30. The rotor blades 30 can be connected to a rotor hub 75 which in turn is ted to an electric generator 60 directly or by means of a gear (not shown). The generator rotor is rotated by on of the rotor blades 30 and the rotor 70 and thuselectric poWer is generated.
The wind power installation can further have a control unit 40 for controlling operation of the wind power installation. In addition an anemometer and/or a wind direction indicator 50 can be proVided on the pod 20. The control unit 40 can adjust the pitch angle of the rotor blades 30 by means of the pitch drives 31. In addition the control unit 40 can control the azimuth orientation of the pod by means of the azimuth drive 80. The electric power generated by the generator 60 can optionally be passed to a power cabinet 90, for e in the base of the pylon 10. A converter can be provided in the power cabinet 90, which can r the electric power to the power supply network at a desired voltage and ncy.
Rotation of the rotori70 (for example for rotor blade fitment) can be effected in'accordance with the first or second embodiment.

Claims (4)

1. A wind power installation comprising a rotor to which rotor blades can be fitted, an electric tor having a generator stator and a generator rotor, wherein the rotor is coupled to the generator rotor, and a plurality of displacement units which during the fitting or removal of rotor blades, are releasably fastened with a first end to the generator stator and a second end to the generator rotor, wherein the displacement units each have a respective hydraulic cylinder, the deflection of which is controllable so that by actuation of the displacement unit the generator rotor is ced relative to the generator stator and on of the rotor is effected; wherein the displacement unit has a bracket at its first end and a fork at its second end, wherein the t is fastened to the tor stator and the fork is fastened to the generator rotor, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is provided between the fork and the bracket.
2. A wind power installation according to claim 1 wherein the fork is releasably fastened to a brake disc of the generator rotor.
3. A method of fitting or removing rotor blades of a wind power installation, wherein the wind power installation has a rotor and an electric generator having a generator stator and a generator rotor, wherein the rotor is coupled to the tor rotor, comprising the steps: fastening a bracket of a first end of each of a plurality of displacement units to the generator stator, fastening a fork of a second end of each of the plurality of displacement units to the tor rotor, wherein each displacement unit has a hydraulic cylinder, the deflection of which is controllable, actuating the hydraulic cylinder for each of the ity of cement units to achieve deflection of the hydraulic cylinder, removing the second end of each of the plurality of displacement units, actuating the hydraulic cylinder for each of the plurality of displacement units to contract each hydraulic cylinder, again fitting the second end of each of the plurality of displacement units to the generator rotor, and again actuating the hydraulic cylinders of each of the plurality displacement units to deflect the hydraulic cylinders and thus cause relative displacement n the generator stator and the tor rotor and thus also rotation of the rotor.
4. A wind power installation substantially as before described with reference to accompanying
NZ617574A 2011-04-29 2012-04-18 Wind turbine NZ617574B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011017801.5 2011-04-29
DE102011017801A DE102011017801B8 (en) 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Wind turbine with a plurality of displacement units for mounting or dismounting of rotor blades and method thereof
PCT/EP2012/057091 WO2012146521A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2012-04-18 Wind turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ617574A NZ617574A (en) 2014-12-24
NZ617574B2 true NZ617574B2 (en) 2015-03-25

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