NZ616926B2

NZ616926B2 - Diazonamide analogs

Info

Publication number: NZ616926B2
Application number: NZ616926A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Charles Caldwell; Susan Harran; Lai Wang; Qi Wei; Xiaoming Xu; Ming Zhou
Original assignee: Joyant Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date: 2011-04-22
Filing date: 2012-04-15
Publication date: 2016-01-06

Abstract

Provided are macrocyclic diazonamide A analogue compounds of the general formula (I), wherein the variables are as defined in the specification. The compounds disrupt the mitotic spindle. The compounds may be useful in the treatment of cancer.

Description

Diazonamide Analogs Technical Field The invention relates to diazonamide s of formula (I), and to salts, pharmaceutical compositions, and conjugates thereof, which are useful as anti—proliferative agents.

Introduction Diazonamide A is a mitotic spindle—disrupting agent first isolated from the marine organism Diazona angulata, having the structure: The preparation of diazonamide analogs via macrocyclic indoline intermediates bearing a carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) or o—nitrophenylsulfonyl protected amino group has been previously described. US 7,022,720 and US 7,517,895 correctly disclose the structure of diazonamide A and describe the synthesis of some of its analogs. US 7,851,620 (continued with US Ser No. 12/896,898) describes synthetic s for the preparation of diazonamide analogs via indoline intermediates. US 7,538,129 describes diazonamide A s. US Ser No. 12/432,615 is a related g application disclosing indoline, which lack the rigid yclic structure bridging the A— and E—rings of the diazonamide skeleton. Disclosed here are compounds of formula (I) and additional novel diazonamide analogs which possess potent cytotoxic activity and are useful for the treatment of cell proliferative disorders.

Summary of the Invention The present invention is directed towards compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and conjugates f, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (1) and/or a salt or conjugate thereof, modified forms of such compounds ated to stabilizing or targeting , and methods of making and using these compounds and formulations, wherein formula (I) is: or a pharmaceutically able salt or conjugate thereof; wherein: R1 is optionally substituted Cl—C4 alkyl; R2 is H, or optionally substituted Cl—C4 alkyl; R3 is Cl—C12 alkyl, Cl—C12 heteroalkyl, C2—C12 alkenyl, C2—C12 heteroalkenyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C3—C8 heterocyclyl, C4—C12 cycloalkylalkyl, C4—C12 heterocyclylalkyl, C6—C12 aryl, C5—C12 heteroaryl, C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; R4 is H, or optionally substituted Cl—C4 alkyl; R5 is optionally substituted C6—C12 aryl or optionally substituted C5—C12 aryl; R6 is H, or optionally substituted Cl—C4 alkyl; each Y and Y’ is independently halo, OH, Cl—C4 alkoxy, or Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C2— C8 alkynyl, C6—C12 aryl, or C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be ally tuted; m is 0—4; and m’ is 0—3.

The invention asses all combinations of various preferred embodiments/substitutions of formula (I) described herein.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or a disclosed embodiment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In some embodiments, the compound of a (I) or a disclosed embodiment thereof is a compound in one of the Tables provided herein, or a ceutically acceptable salt or conjugate of one of these compounds.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for treating or ameliorating a cell proliferative disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) or a sed embodiment thereof WO 45255 or a salt, conjugate, or pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, the amount stered is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation. In other embodiments, the amount is sufficient to slow tumor growth or reduce tumor size. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) or a disclosed embodiment thereof is used in combination with another chemotherapeutic agent or approach.

Provided also are methods for inhibiting cell proliferation in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of one of the formula described herein, or a salt, or conjugate thereof, in an amount effective to inhibit cell proliferation. In some embodiments, the cells are in a cell line, such as a cancer cell line (e.g., a cell line derived from breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung, or poietic cancers, etc.). In some embodiments, the cells are in a tissue, an in some such embodiments, the tissue can be in a subject. In other ments, the cells are in a tumor, and sometimes are in a tumor in a t.

Provided also are methods for treating cancer in a subject in need of such treatment, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a disclosed embodiment thereof or a salt or conjugate thereof, as bed herein, in an amount that is effective to treat or ameliorate said cancer.

The ion further provides methods for treating or ameliorating a condition related to aberrant cell proliferation. For example, provided are methods of treating or ameliorating a cell proliferative disorder in a subject, comprising administering a compound of formula (I) or a disclosed embodiment thereof or a salt or conjugate thereof, as bed herein, to a subject in need thereof in an amount effective to treat or ameliorate the condition.

In the methods described herein, the subject may be a research animal (e. g., , dog, cat, monkey), optionally containing a tumor such as a xenograft tumor (e. g., human , for example, or may be a human.

Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 shows data for subject compounds in an HCC46l human lung carcinoma xenograft model in mice.

Figure 2 shows data for subject compounds in a a pancreatic cancer xenograft model in mice.

Detailed Description of Particular Embodiments The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following ed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the Examples included herein. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be ng. It is further to be understood that unless specifically defined herein, the terminology used herein is to be given its ional g as known in the relevant art.

As used , the singular forms 4‘ 77 4‘ , an”, and “the” include plural references unless indicated otherwise.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to a human or animal subject. In preferred embodiments, the subject is human.

The terms “treat”, ing" or "treatment" in reference to a particular disease or disorder include prevention of the disease or disorder, and/or lessening, ing, ameliorating, alleviating or removing the symptoms and/or pathology of the disease or disorder.

The term "therapeutically effective amount" or “effective amount” is intended to mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit a ical or medical response of a cell, tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, narian, l doctor or other clinician. The terms also can refer to reducing or stopping a cell proliferation rate (e. g., slowing or halting tumor growth) or ng the number of erating cancer cells (e. g., removing part or all of a tumor). Sometimes, the rate or cell proliferation is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% or more.

Sometimes, the number of proliferating cells is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% or more.

As used herein, the terms “alkyl,” “alkenyl” and “alkynyl” include straight—chain, branched—chain and cyclic monovalent hydrocarbyl radicals, and combinations of these, which contain only C and H when they are unsubstituted. Examples include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, utyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentylethyl, 2—propenyl, 3—butynyl, and the like. The total number of carbon atoms in each such group is sometimes described herein, e.g., when the group can contain up to twelve carbon atoms it may be described as l—12C or as Cl—C12 or as Cl—12 or as C142. When heteroatoms (typically N, O and S) are allowed to replace carbon atoms of an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, as in heteroalkyl groups, for example, the numbers describing the group, though still written as e.g. Cl—C6, represent the sum of the number of carbon atoms in the group plus the number of such heteroatoms that are included as replacements for carbon atoms in the ring or chain being bed. lly, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl substituents of the invention contain l—12C (alkyl) or 2—12C (alkenyl or alkynyl). Preferably they contain l—8C (alkyl) or 2—8C (alkenyl WO 45255 2012/033715 or alkynyl). Sometimes they contain l—4C (alkyl) or 2—4C (alkenyl or alkynyl). A single group can include more than one type of multiple bond, or more than one multiple bond; such groups are included within the definition of the term “alkenyl” when they contain at least one carbon—carbon double bond, and they are included within the term “alkynyl” when they contain at least one carbon—carbon triple bond.

“Heteroalkyl”, “heteroalkenyl”, and “heteroalkynyl” and the like are defined similarly to the corresponding hydrocarbyl (alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl) groups, but the ‘hetero’ terms refer to groups that contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N and combinations thereof, within the backbone residue; thus at least one carbon atom of a corresponding alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group is replaced by one of the specified heteroatoms to form a heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroalkynyl group. Preferably, each heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl and heteroalkynyl group ns only l—2 heteroatoms as part of the skeleton of backbone of the heteroalkyl group, i.e., not including substituents that may be t. Hence, heteroalkyls include ls such as O—alkyl, alkyl ethers, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines, alkyl sulfides, alkyl yls, and the like.

The typical and preferred sizes for heteroforms of alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups are generally the same as for the corresponding hydrocarbyl groups, and the substituents that may be present on the heteroforms are the same as those bed above for the hydrocarbyl . Where such groups contain N, the nitrogen atom may be present as NH or it may be substituted if the heteroalkyl or similar group is described as ally substituted. Where such groups contain S, the sulfur atom may optionally be oxidized to SO or S02 unless otherwise indicated. For reasons of chemical stability, it is also tood that, unless ise specified, such groups do not include more than three contiguous atoms as part of the alkyl chain, although an oxo group may be present on N or S as in a nitro or sulfonyl group. Thus —C(O)NH2 can be a C2 heteroalkyl group substituted with =0; and — SOZNH— can be a C2 heteroalkylene, where S replaces one carbon, N replaces one carbon, and S is substituted with two =0 groups.

While “alkyl” as used herein includes cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl groups, the term “cycloalkyl” may be used herein to specifically describe a saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic or fused or spiro polycyclic, carbocycle that is connected Via a ring carbon atom, and “cycloalkylalkyl” may be used to describe a carbocyclic non—aromatic group that is connected to the base molecule through an alkyl linker. Similarly, “heterocyclyl” may be used to describe a non—aromatic cyclic group that contains at least one atom as a ring member and that is connected to the molecule Via a ring atom of the cyclic group, which may be C or N; and “heterocyclylalkyl” may be used to describe such a group that is connected to another molecule through an alkyl . The sizes and substituents that are suitable for the cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyl groups are the same as those described above for alkyl groups. Frequently, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl groups are C3—C8, and cycloalkylalkyl or cyclylalkyl groups are C4—C12. The size of a cycloalkylalkyl or heterocyclylalkyl group describes the total number of carbon atoms or of carbon atoms plus heteroatoms that e carbon atoms of an alkyl, alkenyl, l, cycloalkyl, or lkylalkyl portion. As used , these terms also include rings that n a double bond or two, as long as the ring is not aromatic.

As used herein, “acyl” encompasses groups comprising an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl radical attached at one of the two available valence ons of a yl carbon atom (which may be depicted herein as —C(=O)R, —C(O)R, or COR) where R is an alkyl, l, alkynyl, aryl, or arylalkyl group, and heteroacyl refers to the corresponding groups wherein at least one carbon other than the carbonyl carbon has been replaced by a heteroatom chosen from N, O and S. Thus heteroacyl includes, for example, —C(=O)OR and —C(=O)NR2 as well as —C(=O)—heteroaryl. Also included within the definition of heteroacyl groups are thioacyl substituents, e.g., —C(=S)R, and imine groups, e. g., —C(=NH)R.

Acyl and heteroacyl groups are bonded to any group or molecule to which they are attached through the open valence of the carbonyl carbon atom. Typically, they are Cl—C8 acyl groups, which include formyl, acetyl, triﬂuoroacetyl, pivaloyl, and benzoyl, and C2—C8 heteroacyl groups, which include yacetyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and 4—pyridinoyl. The hydrocarbyl groups, aryl groups, and heteroforms of such groups that comprise an acyl or heteroacyl group can be substituted with the substituents described herein as generally suitable substituents for each of the corresponding component of the acyl or heteroacyl group.

“Aromatic” moiety or “aryl” moiety refers to a monocyclic or fused bicyclic moiety having the well—known characteristics of aromaticity; examples include phenyl and naphthyl.

Carbocyclic aryl rings and ring systems typically 6—12 carbon ring atoms, and may include a saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring fused to an aromatic ring, e.g., a tetrahydronaphthalene, indane or indene ring . Similarly, oaromatic” and “heteroaryl” refer to such monocyclic or fused bicyclic ring systems which contain as ring s one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. The inclusion of a heteroatom permits aromaticity in 5—membered rings as well as 6—membered rings. Typical heteroaromatic systems include monocyclic C5—C6 ic groups such as pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and tetrazolyl rings, and the fused bicyclic es formed by fusing one of these monocyclic groups with a phenyl ring or with any of the heteroaromatic monocyclic groups to form a C8— C10 bicyclic group such as indolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, riazolyl, isoquinolinyl, inyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzisoxazolyl, pyrazolopyridyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, and the like. Any monocyclic or fused ring bicyclic system which has the characteristics of aromaticity in terms of electron distribution throughout the ring system is ed in this definition. It also includes bicyclic groups where at least one ring has the characteristics of aromaticity, even though it may be fused to a nonaromatic ring. Typically, the ring systems contain 5—12 ring member atoms. Preferably the monocyclic aryl and heteroaryl groups contain 5—6 ring members, and the bicyclic aryl and heteroaryl groups contain 8—10 ring members.

Similarly, “arylalkyl” and “heteroarylalkyl” refer to ic and heteroaromatic ring systems which are bonded to their attachment point through a linking group such as an alkylene, including substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or c linkers. Typically the linker is Cl—C8 alkyl or a heteroform thereof, preferably a Cl—C4 alkyl. These linkers may also include a carbonyl group, thus making them able to provide substituents as an acyl or heteroacyl moieties.

“Arylalkyl” groups as used herein are hydrocarbyl groups if they are tituted, and are described by the total number of carbon atoms in the ring and alkylene or similar linker. Thus a benzyl group is a C7—arylalkyl group, and phenylethyl is a C8—arylalkyl.

Preferably, an arylalkyl group es one or two optionally substituted phenyl rings and a Cl—C4 alkylene that is unsubstituted or is tuted with one or two Cl—C4 alkyl groups or Cl—C4 heteroalkyl groups, where the alkyl or heteroalkyl groups can optionally cyclize to form a ring such as cyclopropane, dioxolane, or oxacyclopentane, and wherein the alkyl or heteroalkyl groups may be optionally ﬂuorinated. Examples of arylalkyl groups include optionally substituted benzyl, phenylethyl, diphenylmethyl, and triphenylmethyl groups. al substituents when present on the aryl ring of an arylalkyl group are the same as those described herein for an aryl ring. kyl groups lly contain from 7—20 atoms, preferably 7— 14 atoms.

“Heteroarylalkyl” as described above refers to a moiety comprising an aryl group that is attached h a linking group, and differs from “arylalkyl” in that at least one ring atom of the aryl moiety or one atom in the linking group is a heteroatom selected from N, O and S. The heteroarylalkyl groups are bed herein according to the total number of atoms in the ring and linker combined, and they include aryl groups linked through a heteroalkyl linker; heteroaryl groups linked through a hydrocarbyl linker such as an alkylene; and heteroaryl groups linked through a heteroalkyl linker. For e, heteroaryl groups include pyridylmethyl, lethyl, —O—benzyl, and the like. Heteroarylalkyl groups typically contain from 6—20 atoms, preferably 6—14 atoms.

“Alkylene” as used herein refers to a nt hydrocarbyl group; because it is nt, it can link two other groups together. lly it refers to —(CH2)n— where n is 1—8 and preferably n is 1—4, though where specified, an alkylene can also be substituted by other groups, and can be of other lengths, and the open valences need not be at opposite ends of a chain. Thus —CH(Me)— and —C(Me)2— may also be referred to as alkylenes, as can a cyclic group such as cyclopropan—l,l—diyl. However, for clarity, a three—atom linker that is an alkylene group, for example, refers to a divalent group in which the available valences for attachment to other groups are separated by three atoms such as —(CH2)3—, i.e., the specified length represents the number of atoms linking the attachment points rather than the total number of atoms in the hydrocarbyl group: —C(Me)2— would thus be a om linker, since the available valences are separated by only one atom. Where an alkylene group is substituted, the substituents include those typically present on alkyl groups as bed herein, thus —C(=O)— is an example of a one—carbon substituted alkylene. Where it is described as unsaturated, the alkylene may contain one or more double or triple bonds.

“Heteroalkylene” as used herein is defined similarly to the corresponding alkylene groups, but the ‘hetero’ terms refer to groups that contain one or more atoms selected from O, S and N and combinations f, within the ne residue; thus at least one carbon atom of a corresponding alkylene group is replaced by one of the specified atoms to form a heteroalkylene group. Thus, —C(=O)NH— is an example of a two— carbon substituted alkylene, where N replaces one carbon, and C is substituted with a =0 group.

“Heteroform” as used herein refers to a derivative of a group such as an alkyl, aryl, or acyl, wherein at least one carbon atom of the designated carbocyclic group has been replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, O and S. Thus the heteroforms of alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, acyl, aryl, and arylalkyl are heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroalkynyl, heteroacyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkyl, respectively. It will be understood that the heteroform of an aryl or arylalkyl moiety may contain one less “C” atom than the ponding all carbon system, because the inclusion of a heteroatom permits aromaticity in 5—membered rings. For example, the heteroform of C6—C12 aryl is C5—C12 heteroaryl, and the heteroform of C7—C20 arylalkyl is C6—C20 heteroarylalkyl. It is understood that no more than two N, O or S atoms are ordinarily connected sequentially, except where an oxo group is attached to N or S to form a nitro or sulfonyl group, or in the case of certain aromatic rings, such as triazine, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, and the like.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term "oxo" refers to =0.

“Halo”, as used herein, includes ﬂuoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. Fluoro, , and bromo are often preferred.

“Amino” as used herein refers to NHZ, but where an amino is described as “substituted” or “optionally substituted”, the term es NR2 wherein each R is independently H, or is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, aryl, or arylalkyl group or a heteroform of one of these groups, as further defined herein, each of which may be ally substituted with the substituents described herein as le for the corresponding type of group. The term also includes forms wherein the two R groups on one nitrogen atom (i.e., NR2) are linked together to form a 3—8 ed monocyclic azacyclic ring or an 8—12 membered bicyclic fused azacyclic ring system, each of which may be saturated, unsaturated or aromatic and which may contain 1—3 heteroatoms ing the azacylic ring nitrogen atom ndently selected from N, O and S as ring members (i.e., 0—2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S in addition to the nitrogen atom of the azacyclic ring), and which may be optionally substituted with the substituents described as suitable for alkyl groups or, if NR2 comprises an aromatic group, it may be optionally substituted with the substituents described as typical for aryl or heteroaryl groups. red such azacyclic rings include pyrrolidine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, and homopiperazine.

Amino groups may optionally be in a protected or ected form. One of skill in the art would appreciate that riate amine protecting groups may vary depending on the functionality present in the particular le and the nature of the amino group. Suitably ted amines may include, for example, amines protected as carbamates (e. g., tert— butoxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), ﬂuorenylmethyloxy—carbonyl (Fmoc), allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) or (trialkylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl), carboxamides (e. g., , acyl or triﬂuoroacetyl, benzoyl), sulfonamides, phthalimides, succinimides, Schiff’s base derivatives, and the like. Also included are alkyl or allyl amines, as well as trialkylsilyl protected amines.

Where an amine is present in protected form, it is sometimes desirable to remove the ting group. Thus, the methods of the present invention also optionally include a step of removing any protecting groups on an amine or aminoalkyl group.

The terms “alkylsulfonyl” and ulfonyl” as used herein refer to moieties of the form —SOZalkyl or —SOZaryl, where alkyl and aryl are defined as above. ally ﬂuorinated C1_4alkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl groups are preferred for sulfonyl moieties. The phenyl groups of an arylsulfonyl moiety may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents suitable for an aryl ring; for example, they may be substituted by halo, methyl, nitro, alkoxy, amino, or the like. Such sulfonyl moieties, when t on oxygen form sulfonates. Such sulfonyl moieties form sulfonamides when present on nitrogen, and sulfones when present on . Representative sulfonates include, e. g., —OSOzMe (mesylate), —OSOZCF3 (triﬂate), —OSOZtolyl (tosylate), and the like.

The term “alkoxycarbonyl” as used herein refers to a moiety of the form —COOR’, where R’ is Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C5—C6 aryl, or C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, trialkylsilyl, or the like, each of which may be optionally substituted. When present on nitrogen, such alkoxycarbonyl moieties form carbamates, which are ntly used as nitrogen protecting groups. In some such embodiments, R’ may be optionally halogenated Cl—C4 alkyl (e. g., tert—butyl, methyl, ethyl, 2,2,2—trichloroethyl, l,l—dimethyl—2,2,2—trichloroethyl), allyl, optionally tuted benzyl, ﬂuorenylmethyl, or trialkylsilyl (e. g., triisopropylsilyl, ylsilyl, tert—butyldimethylsilyl). When present on carbon, such moieties may also be referred to as carboxylate esters, carboalkoxy groups, or the like. In some embodiments containing a carboxylate ester functional group, R’ is preferably a C1_4 alkyl group. In some such embodiments, R’ is methyl, ethyl, n—propyl, isopropyl, n—butyl, isobutyl, s—butyl or t— butyl.

The term "substituted" means that the specified group or moiety bears one or more drogen substituents. The term "unsubstituted" means that the specified group bears no such substituents.

“Optionally substituted” as used herein indicates that the particular group or groups being described may have no non—hydrogen substituents, or the group or groups may have one or more non—hydrogen tuents (i.e., the group may be substituted or unsubstituted).

If not otherwise specified, the total number of such substituents that may be present is equal to the number of H atoms present on the tituted form of the group being described.

Where an optional substituent is attached via a double bond, such as a carbonyl oxygen (=0), the group takes up two available valences, so the total number of substituents that may be ed is reduced according to the number of available valences.

Alkyl, l and alkynyl groups are often substituted to the extent that such tution makes sense chemically. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, halo, OH, =0, =N—CN, =N—OR, =NR, OR, NR2, SR, SOR, SOZR, SOZNRZ, NRSOZR, NRCONRZ, NRCOOR, NRCOR, CN, COOR, CONRZ, OOCR, COR, and N02, wherein each R is independently H, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 heteroalkyl, Cl—C8 acyl, C2—C8 heteroacyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C2—C8 heteroalkenyl, C2—C8 alkynyl, C2—C8 alkynyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, C5—C20 arylalkyl, or C5—C20 heteroarylalkyl, and each R is optionally tuted with one or more groups selected from halo, OH, :0, =N—CN, =N—OR’, =NR’, OR’, NR’z, SR’, SOR’, SOzR’, SOzNR’z, NR’SOzR’, NR’CONR’z, NR’COOR’, NR’COR’, CN, COOR’, CONR’z, OOCR’, COR’, and N02, wherein each R’ is independently H, ally ﬂuorinated Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 heteroalkyl, Cl—C8 acyl, C2—C8 heteroacyl, C6—Cl2 aryl C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, C5—C20 arylalkyl, or C5— C20 arylalkyl. Alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can also be substituted by Cl—C8 acyl, C2—C8 heteroacyl, C6—Cl2 aryl or C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, each of which can be substituted by the substituents that are appropriate for the particular group.

Preferred substituents when present on an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, or a heteroform of one of these, include halo, OH, :0, OR, SR, and NR2, where R is defined as above; sometimes, R is H, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, or optionally ﬂuorinated Cl— C4 acyl. Particularly preferred substituents when present on R3 include OH, :0, Cl—C4 , OAc, NHAc, NHZ, and NHMe. Sometimes, optional tuents present on an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, or a heteroform of one of these, include NRSOZR, NRCONRZ, COOR, or CONRZ, where R is defined as above; preferably, each R is independently H, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, or is C6—Cl2 aryl, C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, C7—C20 kyl, or C6—C20 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.

Aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl moieties may be substituted with a variety of substituents including optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C2—C8 alkynyl, Cl—C8 acyl, and heteroforms of these, C6—Cl2 aryl, C5—Cl2 for heteroaryl, C6—20 arylalkyl (CS—20 for heteroarylalkyl), each of which can itself be r substituted; other substituents for aryl and heteroaryl moieties include halo, OH, OR, CHZOH, CHgOR, , NR2, SR, SOR, SOzR, SOzNRz, NRSOzR, Z, NRCOOR, NRCOR, CN, COOR, CONRz, OOCR, C(O)R, and N02, wherein each R is independently H, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C2—C8 heteroalkenyl, C2—C8 alkynyl, C2—C8 heteroalkynyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, C7—C20 arylalkyl, or C6—C20 heteroarylalkyl, and each R is optionally tuted as described above for alkyl groups. The substituent groups on an aryl or heteroaryl group may of course be further tuted with the groups described herein as suitable for each type of group that comprises the substituent.

Preferred substituents when present on an aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl moieties include halo, OH, OR, CHZOH, CHZOR, CHZNRZ, SR, NR2, CN, COOR, CONRZ, and N02, where R is defined as above, or optionally substituted C6—C12 aryl or C5—C12 aryl ring.

Where an arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl group is described as optionally substituted, the substituents may be on either the alkyl or heteroalkyl portion or on the aryl or aryl portion of the group. The substituents optionally present on the alkyl or heteroalkyl portion are the same as those described above for alkyl groups generally; the substituents ally present on the aryl or heteroaryl n are the same as those described above for aryl groups generally.

The invention encompasses isomers of the subject compounds, particularly stereoisomers, such as wherein the carbon atom bearing the substituent R1 in formula (I) or the corresponding atom in disclosed embodiments of formula (I), has the (S)—configuration.

The t invention provides novel indoline analogs of formula (I), which are useful for the treatment or amelioration of proliferative disorders, in ular, cancer.

The invention encompasses all combinations of preferred embodiments and preferred substituents described herein.

Preferably, R1 is optionally substituted C2—C4 alkyl, preferably C2—C4 alkyl, preferably propyl or butyl, preferably pyl or t—butyl.

Preferably, R2, R4 and R6 are independently H or methyl, preferably H. A substituent at R4 may function as a protecting group, and methods described herein include an optional deprotection step to remove any protecting groups present on the molecule.

Preferably, R3 is a substituted methyl of the general formula (—CRaRbR°) wherein Ra is OH, OR, CHgOR, SR, and NR2, where each R is independently H, optionally nated (preferably ﬂuorinated or chlorinated) Cl—C4 alkyl, or optionally halogenated Cl—C4 acyl, and preferably OH; and each of Rb and RC is independently H, Cl—C6 alkyl, C2—C6 alkenyl, C2—C6 alkynyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C3—C8 lkylalkyl, C6—C12 aryl, C7—Cl4 kyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted, and preferably H or Cl—C4 lower alkyl, more preferably H and pyl or t—butyl, tively; or Rb and RC may be taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a C3—C8 cycloalkyl or a C3—C8 cyclyl ring, which may be optionally substituted. For example, Rb and RC may be taken together to form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, entyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiofuran, tetrahydrothiopyran, pyrrolidine, or piperidine ring, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, each of Rb and RC are taken er to form a cyclohexyl or a 2012/033715 entyl ring. In some embodiments, the ring formed by Rb and RC may be fused to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl ring to provide, for example, and indenyl or tetrahydronaphthyl ring .

In other red embodiments, R3 is C1—C4 alkyl, C3—C6 cycloalkyl, C4—C8 cycloalkylalkyl, or C6—C8 arylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted. In preferred embodiments, the alkyl group comprising part of R3 is substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of OH, OR, CHgOR, SR, and NR2, where each R is independently H, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, or optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 acyl. Preferably R3 is substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of OH, OMe, OAc, NHZ, NHMe, CHZOH and NHAc. In more specific embodiments, R3 is a Cl—C8, preferably Cl—C4, more preferably C2—C3, most preferably C2 straight chain, branched, or cycloalkyl group, each of which is substituted on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group that is part of R5 with OH, OMe, OAc, NH2, NHMe, CHZOH or NHAc, preferably OH.

Preferably R5 is an optionally substituted phenyl, yl, benzimidazole, azole, benzthiazole, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl ring, and more preferably, R5 is an optionally tuted oxazole, oxazoline, thiazole, thiazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, pyrrole, pyrroline, isoxazole, isoxazoline, isothiazole, isothiazoline, zole, thiadiazole, triazole or tetrazole ring.

Preferred substituents include halo, nitro, cyano, or optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkoxy, COORS, CONR92, C6—C12 aryl or C5—C12 aryl, each of which may be optionally substituted; where R8 is H, or Cl—C8 alkyl, C2— C8 alkenyl, C6—C12 aryl, or C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted; and each R9 is independently H, or Cl—C12 alkyl, Cl—C12 heteroalkyl, C2—C12 alkenyl, C2—C12 heteroalkenyl, C3—C8 lkyl, C3—C8 heterocyclyl, C4—C12 cycloalkylalkyl, C4—C12 heterocyclylalkyl, C6—C12 aryl, C5—C12 heteroaryl, C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; or two R9 on the same N can cyclize to form an optionally substituted 3— to 8—membered azacyclic ring, ally containing an additional heteroatom selected from N, O, and S as a ring member; preferred such azacyclic rings include pyrrolidine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, zine, and homopiperazine.

In certain preferred embodiments, R5 is an optionally substituted oxazole or le ring. In some such embodiments, R5 is an oxazole ring substituted with an optionally tuted C6—C12 aryl or C5—C12 heteroaryl ring. In some embodiments, R5 is an oxazole ring substituted with one or more alkyl, halo, carboxylic acid, ester or amide substituents.

In specific embodiments of formula (I), R5 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring of the formula: (R14)p §_[/Jl\l N N §—</N\II—(R14)p . §_</ immk H j_(R14)qI Q ; Q Q Q g—éﬁl §—</Q\):—I(R14)p gﬁ §_(§N /\\\/Q X/Cl) ; (R14) - P (R14) P ; or wherein Q is O, S or NR”, where R13 is H or Cl—C4 alkyl; each R14 is independently halo, nitro, cyano, or optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 , COORs, CONR92, C6—C12 aryl or C5—C12 heteroaryl, each of which may be ally substituted; where R8 is H, or Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C6—C12 aryl, or C7— C14 arylalkyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted; and each R9 is independently H, or Cl—C12 alkyl, Cl—C12 heteroalkyl, C2—C12 alkenyl, C2— C12 heteroalkenyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C3—C8 heterocyclyl, C4—C12 cycloalkylalkyl, C4—C12 heterocyclylalkyl, C6—C12 aryl, C5—C12 heteroaryl, C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; or two R9 on the same N can cyclize to form an ally substituted 3— to 8—membered azacyclic ring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from N, O, and S as a ring member; p is 0—3; and q is 0 to 4. Such azacyclic rings may be ted, unsaturated or aromatic; preferred such azacyclic rings include pyrrolidine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, zine, and perazine.

In certain preferred embodiments of formula (I), R5 is MEIR“R12 or é—{IR11R12 wherein each R11 and R12 is independently H, halo, nitro, cyano, or optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkoxy, COORs, CONR92, C6—C12 aryl or C5—C12 heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted; where R8 is H, or Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C6—C12 aryl, or C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted; and each R9 is ndently H, or Cl—Cl2 alkyl, Cl—Cl2 heteroalkyl, C2—Cl2 alkenyl, C2—Cl2 heteroalkenyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C3—C8 cyclyl, C4—Cl2 cycloalkylalkyl, C4— C12 heterocyclylalkyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be ally substituted; or two R9 on the same N can cyclize to form an optionally substituted 3— to 8—membered azacyclic ring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from N, O, and S as a ring member. Such azacyclic rings may be saturated, unsaturated or aromatic; preferred such azacyclic rings include idine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, and homopiperazine.

In some such embodiments, each R11 and R12 is independently H, halo, nitro, cyano, Cl—C4 alkyl, Cl—C4 alkoxy, COORS, or , C6—Cl2 aryl or C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted, and in particular embodiments R11 is halo, nitro, cyano, Cl—C4 alkyl, Cl—C4 alkoxy, COORS, or CONRgz, C6—Cl2 aryl or C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted, and R12 is H.

Substituents on the indole and tyrosine components of the macrocylic ring of formula (I), Y and Y’ respectively, are located by the corresponding ring positions as shown in formula II: (11), wherein R6 is as defined in formula (I); hence, Y may be at one or more of positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the indole moiety, and Y’ may be at one or more of positions 2, 3 and 5 of the tyrosine moiety.

Preferably each Y and Y’ is ndently halo (F, Cl, Br, or I), OH, Cl—C4 alkoxy, preferably halo, particulary C1 or F; preferably m is 3, 2, l or preferably, 0; and preferably m’ is 2, l or preferably 0.

In preferred embodiments,Y is at one or more of positions 5, 6 and 7, one or more of ons 5 and 7, one of positions 5, 6 and 7, one of ons 5 and 7, position 5 only, or position 7 only. In preferred ments,Y’ is at one or more of positions 2 and 3, one of positions 2 and 3, position 2 only, or position 3 only. In particular embodiments one or both rings are substituted.

The invention encompasses all combinations of preferred embodiments and preferred substituents as if each had been laboriously set forth, i.e. preferred substituents at Rl combined with each preferred substituent at one or more of R2—R6 and Y/Y’/m/m’, etc.

Particular es of such combinations include: la. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl derViatives with esters other than methyl ester in position 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or t—butyl, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the formula bRC) wherein Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is isopropyl or t—butyl, R5 is §_<,:‘)fo R wherein R is H, Cl—C4 alkyl or Cl—C4 alkyloxy, particulary , H, or methoxy, and Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at postion 5 and/or 7, preferably 5, m is 0, l or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0. lb. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl derViatives with phosphate esters in on 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or t—butyl, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the formula (—CRaRbRC) n Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is isopropyl or t—butyl, R5 is §_</Of0 é ONaN /P\ wherein R is H, Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary methyl or H, and Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at postion 5 and/or 7, preferably 5, m is 0, l or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0.

II. Oxazole, 4 l derViatives with alcohol or ketone in position 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or t—butyl, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the formula (—CRaRbRC) wherein Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is isopropyl or t—butyl, R5 is HSTR wherein R is hydroxyl or C1—C4 alcohol, or Cl—C4 , particularly hydroxyl, hydroxy methyl, l—hydroxy ethyl or l—hydroxy isopropyl, and Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at postion 5 and/or 7, preferably 5, m is 0, l or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0.

III. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl derViatives with amide, amine, carbamate,or sulfonamide in position 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or t—butyl, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the a (—CRaRbRC) wherein Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is isopropyl or t—butyl, R5 is H2}Ra Rb wherein Ra is optionally substituted C0—C4 alkyl, Rb and Rc are independently H, Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted, particularly wherein Ra is C0 or Cl alkyl, Rb is H, and Rc is H, methyl, methyl ester, methyl sulfonyl or phenyl sulfonyl, and Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at 5 and/or 7, ably 5, m is 0, l or 2, ably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0.

IV. Oxazole, 4 l derViatives with cyano in position 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or t—butyl, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the formula (—CRaRbRC) wherein Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is pyl or t—butyl, R5 is é—{ICN wherein R is H, C1—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally tuted, particularly wherein R is H, methyl, or NHAc, Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at postion 5 and/or 7, preferably 5, m is 0, l or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0.

V. e, 4 oxazoyl derViatives with a heterocycle in position 4: R1 is Cl—C4 alkyl, particulary isopropyl or l, R2, R4 and R6 are H, R3 is a substituted methyl of the a (—CRaRbRC) wherein Ra is OH, Rb is H, and RC is isopropyl or t—butyl, R5 is HZ}R wherein R is a C3—C8 heterocyclyl, C4—Cl2 heterocyclylalkyl, C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted, particularly an optionally substituted oxazole, oxazoline, thiazole, thiazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, pyrrole, pyrroline, ole, isoxazoline, isothiazole, isothiazoline, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole or tetrazole ring, wherein preferred substituents are halo, nitro, cyano, or ally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkyl, optionally ﬂuorinated Cl—C4 alkoxy, COORs, CONR92, C6—Cl2 aryl or C5—Cl2 heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted; where R8 is H, or Cl—C8 alkyl, C2—C8 alkenyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, or C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or a heteroform of one of these, each of which may be optionally substituted; and each R9 is independently H, or Cl— C12 alkyl, Cl—Cl2 heteroalkyl, C2—Cl2 alkenyl, C2—Cl2 heteroalkenyl, C3—C8 cycloalkyl, C3—C8 heterocyclyl, C4—Cl2 cycloalkylalkyl, C4—Cl2 heterocyclylalkyl, C6—Cl2 aryl, C5— C12 heteroaryl, C7—Cl4 arylalkyl, or C6—Cl4 heteroarylalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from N, O, and S as a ring , and Y is F and/or Cl, preferably F, at postion 5 and/or 7, preferably 5, m is 0, l or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and m’ is 0.

Where chiral carbons are included in chemical structures, unless a ular orientation is depicted, both stereoisomeric forms are intended to be encompassed.

Compounds of formula (I) and disclosed embodiments f may, for example, have two or more asymmetric centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric and/or diastereomeric forms. All optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds described herein, and mixtures f, are considered to be within the scope of the invention, ing the racemate, one or more enantiomeric forms, one or more diastereomeric forms, or mixtures thereof. In particular, c mixtures of single diastereomers such as the ones described, diastereomers having an diastereomeric excess (d.e.) of greater than 90% or greater than about 95%, and enantiomers having an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of r than 90% or r than about 95%. Similarly, where double bonds are present, the compounds can exist in some cases as either cis or trans isomers; the invention includes each isomer individually as well as mixtures of isomers. Where the compounds described may also exist in tautomeric forms, this invention relates to the use of all such tautomers and es thereof.

Compounds of formula (I) and sed embodiments thereof can be supplied in free base form, or can be supplied as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or as a mixture of the free base form and the corresponding salt. The compounds of the invention may be isolated as salts where an ionizable group such as a basic amine or a carboxylic acid is present. The invention includes the salts of these compounds that have pharmaceutically acceptable counterions. Such salts are well known in the art, and include, for example, salts of acidic groups formed by on with organic or inorganic bases, and salts of basic groups formed by reaction with c or inorganic acids, as long as the counterions introduced by the reaction are acceptable for pharmaceutical uses. Examples of nic bases with alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g., of calcium, magnesium, etc.), and hydroxides of aluminum, ammonium, etc.

Examples of organic bases that could be used include trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N’ —dibenzylethylenediamine, etc.

Suitable salts include those of inorganic acids such as hlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, hydrosulfates, and the like, or organic acid addition salts. Examples of inorganic acids that could be used include hloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. Examples of organic acids e formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, esulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p—toluenesulfonic acid, etc. Also included are salts with basic amino acids such as arginine, lysine, omithine, etc., and salts with acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.

In addition, compounds of a (I) and disclosed ments thereof may be coupled or conjugated to moieties such as a targeting agent. Among such ing agents are antibodies or immunologically active fragments thereof, including single—chain antibody forms directed against tumor antigens or against receptors or integrins associated with tumors, peptidomimetics directed against these es, and the like. In addition, compounds of formula (I) and disclosed embodiments thereof may be coupled or conjugated to an excipient, such as a polymer ent, such as polyethylene glycol for altering pharrnacokinetics, such as described in the Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews theme issue (Vol 61, November 2009) entitled, Polymer Therapeutics: Clinical Applications and Challenges for Development, including Pasut and Veronese, Adv Drug Delivery Rev 61 (l3):ll77—1188, 2009. The selected PEG may be of any convenient molecular weight, and may be linear or branched, and may be optionally conjugated through a linker. The average molecular weight of PEG will preferably range from about 2 kiloDalton (kDa) to about 100 kDa, more preferably from about 5 kDa to about 40 kDa. nds of formula (I) and disclosed embodiment thereofs are useful in treating or ameliorating cell proliferative diseases. In particular, the compounds and s described herein are useful for the treatment or amelioration of tumors and malignancies associated with breast, ovary, lung (SCLC and NSCLC), colon, rectum, te, testes, skin (e. g., melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma), pancreas, liver, kidney, brain (e. g., glioma, meningioma, schwannomas, and medulloblastomas), and the blood and hematopoietic , including, e. g., leukemia, dgkins lymphoma, and le myeloma.

In the methods described herein, for e, cell proliferation may be reduced, and/or cell death, such as sis or apoptotic cell death, may be induced. The cell erative disorder may be a tumor or non—tumor cancer in a human or animal subject.

The nds and methods provided herein for reducing cell proliferation and/or inducing cell death may be used alone, or in conjunction with or in combination with surgical, radiation, chemotherapeutic, immunotherapy, and bone marrow and/or stem cell lantation methods, or with other palliative agents, such as compounds that aid in nutrition or general health, anti—emetic agents, and the like.

In some embodiments, the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, and used to reduce cell proliferation, induce cell death, and/or treat or ameliorate a cell proliferative disorder.

The compounds described herein are also useful against certain drug resistant tumors and cancer cell lines, in particular against cancers that are resistant to TAXOL® and/or vinca alkaloid anti—cancer .

Where an additional chemotherapeutic drug is administered, it is typically one known to have cytostatic, cytotoxic or antineoplastic activity. These agents include, without tion, tabolites (e. g., cytarabine, ﬂudaragine, 5—ﬂuoro—2’—deoxyuridine, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, methotrexate); DNA active agents (e. g., bleomycin, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide); alating agents (e. g., adriamycin and mitoxantrone); protein synthesis inhibitors (e. g., L—asparaginase, cycloheXimide, puromycin); topoisomerase type I inhibitors (e. g., camptothecin, topotecan or ecan); topoisomerase type II inhibitors (e.g. etoposide, teniposide anthraquinones, cyclines and podophyllotoxin); microtubule inhibitors (e.g., taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, colcemid, colchicines, or vinca alkaloids, such as stine and vincristine); kinase inhibitors (e.g. ﬂavopiridol, staurosporin and hydroxystaurosporine), drugs that affect Hsp90 (e.g. geldanomycin and geldanomycin derivatives, radicicol, purine derivatives and antibodies or antibody fragments that ively bind to Hsp90), TRAIL, a TRAIL or antibody, TNF—(x or TNF—B, and/or radiation therapy.

In some preferred embodiments, the onal cancer therapeutic agent is TRAIL, a TRAIL receptor antibody, TNF—(x or TNF—B. In other preferred embodiments, the additional drugs for co—administration with the compounds of the invention affects Hsp90 (heat—shock protein 90).

Suitable Hsp90 inhibitors include ansamycin derivatives such as geldanomycin and geldanomycin derivatives including l7—(allylamino)—l7—desmethoxygeldanamycin (l7— AAG), its dihydro derivative, H2, and l7—amino derivatives of geldanamycin such as l7—dimethylaminoethylamino— ethoxy—geldanamycin (l7—DMAG), ll— danamycin, and 5,6—dihydrogeldanamycin, which are disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 4,261,989; 5,387,584; and 5,932,566, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Other suitable Hsp90 inhibitors include radicicol and oximes and other analogs thereof, sed in Soga, et al., Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 3, 359—69 (2003), and in Yamamoto, et al., Angew. Chem., 42, 1280—84 ; and in Moulin, et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol 127, 6999—7004 (2005); purine derivatives such as PU3, PU24FCI and PUH64 (see Chiosis et al., ACS Chem. Biol. Vol. 1(5), 279—284 (2006) and those disclosed in PCT Application No. WO 2002/0236075; related heterocyclic derivatives disclosed in PCT Application No. WO 2005/028434; and arylpyrazole compounds disclosed in Cheung, et al., Bioorg. Med.

Chem. Lett., vol. 15, 3338—43 (2005). Antibodies or dy fragments that selectively bind to Hsp90 may also be administered as drugs to cause inhibition of Hsp90, and can be used in combination with the compounds of the invention.

Where a compound described herein is utilized in conjunction with or in combination with another therapeutic, the two agents may be co—administered, or they may be administered separately where their administration is timed so the two agents act concurrently or sequentially.

Accordingly, the itions used in the methods described herein include at least one compound of the invention, and can optionally include one or more additional cytotoxic or cytostatic eutic such as, but not d to, those disclosed above. Similarly, the methods of the invention include methods n a subject sed as in need of treatment for cancer is treated with at least one compound or composition of the invention, and is simultaneously or concurrently d with one or more of the additional eutic agents described above.

Formulation and stration The formulations useful in the invention include standard formulations such as those set forth in Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, latest edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, incorporated herein by reference. Such ations include those designed for oral delivery, slow release, topical administration, parenteral administration, or any other suitable route as determined by an attending physician or narian. Thus administration may be systemic or local. Suitable vehicles or excipients include liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, ric matrices, buffers, and the full range of formulations known to practitioners. ic formulations include those designed for ion (e. g., intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous injection) and those prepared for transdermal, transmucosal, or oral administration. The formulation will generally include a diluent as well as, in some cases, adjuvants, buffers, preservatives and the like. The compounds can be administered also in liposomal compositions or as microemulsions.

Injection methods are sometimes appropriate routes for administration of the compounds for systemic treatments and sometimes also for localized treatments. These include methods for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and other methods for internal delivery that bypass the mucosal and dermal barriers to deliver the composition directly into the subject’s living tissues.

For injection, formulations can be prepared in conventional forms as liquid solutions or sions or as solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in liquid prior to injection or as emulsions. Suitable excipients include, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol and the like. Such compositions may also contain s of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying , pH buffering agents and the like, such as, for example, sodium e, sorbitan monolaurate, and so forth.

Various sustained release s for drugs have also been devised and can be utilized with the compounds of the invention. See, for example, US. Patent No. 5,624,677.

The present compositions can be utilized in such controlled—release delivery systems where appropriate. ic administration may also include vely noninvasive s such as the use of suppositories, transdermal patches, transmucosal delivery and intranasal stration. Oral administration is also suitable for compounds of the invention. Suitable forms include syrups, capsules, tablets, and the like as in understood in the art.

Selection of a particular route of administration for a given subject and indication is well within the ordinary level of skill in the art. For example, rectal delivery as a suppository is often appropriate where the subject experiences nausea and vomiting that precludes ive oral delivery. Transdermal patches are commonly capable of delivering a controlled—release dosage over several days or to a specific locus, and are thus suitable for subjects where these effects are desired.

Transmucosal delivery is also appropriate for some of the compositions and methods of the invention. Thus the compositions of the ion may be administered transmucosally using logy and formulation methods that are known in the art.

Regardless of the route of administration selected, the compounds described herein, which may be used in a suitable hydrated form, and/or the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, are formulated into pharmaceutically—acceptable dosage forms by conventional methods known to those of skill in the art.

Actual dosage levels of the active ients in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the patient.

The ed dosage level will depend upon a variety of s including the activity of the particular nd of the present invention employed, or the ester, salt or amide thereof, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion or metabolism of the ular compound being employed, the rate and extent of absorption, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and/or materials used in combination with the particular compound ed, the age, sex, weight, ion, general health and prior medical history of the patient being treated, and like factors well known in the medical arts.

For administration to animal or human subjects, the dosage of a compound of the ion is typically 10—2400 mg per administration. However, dosage levels are highly dependent on the nature of the condition, the condition of the patient, the judgment of the practitioner, and the frequency and mode of administration. Selection of a dosage of such compounds is within the skill of an ordinary artisan, and may be accomplished by starting at a relatively low dosage and increasing the dosage until an acceptable effect is ed.

Frequency of stration of the compounds of the invention can also be readily determined by one skilled in the art using well known techniques. For example, the patient may be administered a low dosage of a compound or composition of the invention at a low frequency such as once per day or less often; and the dosage and/or frequency of administration may be systematically increased until a desired effect is achieved in the patient.

Synthetic Processes The subject compounds have been prepared through an ent multi—step process, as shown in Scheme 1. A key step in the s es the electrochemical oxidative cyclization of a phenolic intermediate to provide an indoline compound of formula (I), which may be r functionalized as exemplified by the compounds described herein. The oxidative cyclization was described in US. Application Serial No. 12/134,984, filed 6 June 2008, and hed as US 2009/0005572.

As shown in Scheme 1, dipeptide starting materials were prepared under standard ions known in the art, for example, by coupling an N—hydroxysuccinimide ester or another activated ester of a protected amino acid with serine. It will be understood by one of skill in the art that a wide variety of le conditions may be utilized to form the dipeptide starting materials, including the extensive body of literature describing sis of es and peptide mimetics.

The dipeptide was reacted with an optionally substituted indole and an activating reagent, optionally in the presence of a protic acid, to provide an indole—containing dipeptide.

Suitable activating reagents include, for example, carboxylic acid anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or acyl halides (e. g., acetic anhydride, triﬂuoroacetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, oxalyl de), sulfonic acid anhydrides or halides (e. g., methanesulfonic anhydride, triﬂuoromethanesulfonic anhydride, methanesulfonyl de), mineral acid halides (e. g., thionyl chloride, or phosphoryl chloride), and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, the activating agent was acetic anhydride, and the reaction was conducted in acetic acid as a protic solvent. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the dipeptide and an optionally substituted indole were reacted with acetic anhydride in acetic acid at about 80 0C, to provide the desired compound.

The preparation of N—acetyl phan derivatives by reaction of serine or yl serine and an optionally substituted indole in acetic anhydride and acetic acid has been previously reported. Y. ma, et al., Tetrahedron Letters (1999), 40: 7803; Y.

Yokoyama, et al., Eur. J. Org. Chem. (2004), 1244; Y. Konda—Yamada, et al., Tetrahedron (2002), 58: 7851; M. W. Orme, et al., US 721. However, the preparation of other acylated tryptophan derivatives under these conditions, such as the dipeptide analogs of the present invention, has not been previously described to our knowledge.

Esterification of the free carboxylic acid, followed by oxidative cyclization of the dipeptide intermediate with an oxidizing agent, for example, DDQ, provided an oxazole intermediate. It will be tood by those in the art that other oxidative conditions could be utilized, such as, for example, the use of 8—tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), ceric ammonium nitrate, alent iodide reagents, and the like.

Deprotection of the protected amino group, if present, and amide bond formation provided a phenolic intermediate. Electrochemical oxidative cyclization of the phenolic intermediate provided a macrocyclic indoline compound. Such compounds were further elucidated to compounds of formula (I) through a series of straightforward chemical transformation. For example, removal of the Cbz group and acylation or amide bond ion was used to provide compounds of formula (I), wherein R5 is an acyl substituent, for example —C(O)R3. One of skill in the art will understand that the order of these steps could be reversed, depending on the nature of the onal groups to be installed, and the protecting groups utilized.

Scheme 1 provides a l synthetic route useful for the ation of macrocyclic indoline compounds of formula (1). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain reaction conditions can be varied without altering the essence of the present invention.

For example, coupling ons can be accomplished with a y of activated esters, such as by way of example only N—hydroxybenzotriazole ester, rophenyl ester, N— hydroxyphthalimide esters, activated esters generated by the reaction of the carboxylic acid with a carbodiimide, and other activated esters conventionally used for acylation of an amine 2012/033715 to form amide bonds. In addition, while amino groups are iently protected as carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) group, one of skill in the art will recognize that other suitable protecting groups could be ed. Suitable protecting groups and methods to attach and remove them are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in T.H. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.

Scheme 1.

|' R 1 gggﬁgng R 1 R1 H CZO H Cbk AYO-SU _, COOH COOH N obz\N)\WN CbZ\N)\ll/N H H \E H O HZNTCOOH O OH / NHRB / N—R 1. esterify 1. OH 2. DDQ 2. couple Cbz-aa oxidative electrochemical cyclization The process described in Scheme 1 is useful for the preparation of indolines of formula (I) in high yield and purity. In particular, the compounds of the present invention are available in good yield and with high diastereomeric purity, preferably in greater than 95% diastereomeric excess, sometimes 98% diastereomeric excess.

The following examples are d to illustrate but not to limit the invention.

Examples Synthesis of Compound 57 Step 1 H2N H COOMe Cbz\N N COOMe Cbz‘N OH + / / peptidecoupling NH O N To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added Cbz—L—(x—t—butylglycine DCHA salt (5.0 g, 11.2 mmol), tophane methyl ester hydrochloride (3.14 g, 12.3 mmol, l.l eq.), HOBt (1.76 g, 13.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (30 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (2.93 ml, 16.8 mmol, 15 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (2.58 g, 13.4 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 ml)/water (100 ml). The organic phase was ted and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The ed organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 2 Cbz\ N COOMe Cbz‘N /N COOMe H DDQ H / o THF 0 NH reflux A solution of DDQ (6.2 g, 27.3 mmol, 2.4 eq.) in THF (100 ml) was added to the reﬂuxing solution of the compound synthesized in Step 1 above (1 1.2 mmol) in THF (200 ml) and the dark solution was heated in reﬂux in an oil bath at 85 °C for l h. After cooling, the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was ved in ethyl acetate (500 ml), which was washed by water (200 ml), aqueous ted NaHCO3 (2x200 ml), water (2x200 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the mixture was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (20% EtOAc in CH2C12). This d 3.24 g (64% yield) of product.

Step 3 N /N COOMe H H2N COOMe H / / O _2, O Pd/C \ \ NH NH To a 100—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 2 above (3.24 g, 7.02 mmol) was added methanol (30 ml) and Pd/C (10%) (650 mg, 0.61 mmol, 0.09 eq.) under N2.

H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hz for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction . After 3 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 10 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without further cation.

] Step 4 To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine synthesized in step 3 (2.06 g, 6.29 mmol), Cbz—L—tyrosine (1.98 g, 6.91 mmol, l.l eq.), HOBt (0.94 g, 6.91 mmol, l.l eq.), anhydrous DMF (30 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (1.31 ml, 7.54 mmol, 12 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (1.33 g, 6.91 mmol, l.l eq.). The resulting on mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was red by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 ml)/water (100 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 5 HN ”N HN COOMe H // COOMe CszN,,, 0 / CbZ/N/I. O O K2CO3, Et4N+BF4_ / 1.6V OH H “Q ..,,,N O H An electrochemical cell was assembled using a glass cylinder (6 cm diameter x 11 cm ) and a custom rack (polypropylene and nylon) which ted 9 vertical graphite rods (6.15 mm diameter x 12 cm length). The rods were arranged in a pattern of a ring with 6 anodes and 3 cathodes. Electrodes were immersed to a depth of 6.5 cm. The phenolic material synthesized in Step 4 above (5.00 g, 8.0 mmol), 4 (4.00 g, 18.4 mmol, 2.9 eq.) and (NH4)2CO3(1.0 g, 10.4 mmol, 1.3 eq.) and ID water (4 ml) were added in DMF (200 ml). The solution was stirred vigorously in a stir plate (approx. 600 rpm). The electrochemical reaction was carried out at a potential of 1.5—1.6 volts. After 3 days, most of the original SM was consumed as ined by HPLC integration at 220 nM. The reaction mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator (bath temp. g 35 OC) and dried further on a vacuum manifold. The residue was ioned between EtOAc (200 ml) and 0.5 N aqueous HCl (60 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 ml) and then ted aqueous NaCl (50 ml). The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NazSO4), decanted and ated. This material was purified by ﬂash column chromatography with 20% EtOAc in CHZClz. This yielded 124 g (24.8% yield) of product as a mixture of stereoisomers (71:29 as measured by HPLC integration at 254 nM).

Step 6 I'll/N 0 H The compound synthesized in Step 6 (725 mg, 2.33 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (22 ml) and the on was cooled in an ice bath. A solution of LiOH (558 mg, 23.3 mmol, 10 eq.) in water (7.0 ml) was added over 5 min. The ice bath was removed and the e was stirred for 18 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and water (30 ml) was added followed by l N aqueous HCl (24 ml), g the reaction temperature below 10 OC. The mixture was partitioned between water (15 ml) and EtOAc (100 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl. The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (30 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4), decanted, and evaporated to give the acid product as fine white crystals.

Step 7 COOMe N HN HN HN /N / COOH ”'—OH CszN,, CszN,,, 0 EDC, HOBt ”HQ DIPEA, DMF ”HQ '11,, "II, o H o N ] To a dry lOO—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the carboxylic acid synthesized in step 6 above (2.33 mmol), L—serine methyl ester hydrochloride (435 mg, 2.8 mmol, 12 eq.), HOBt (378 mg, 2.8 mmol, 12 eq.), anhydrous DMF (25 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (1.01 ml, 5.83 mmol, 2.5 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of l (537 mg, 2.8 mmol, 12 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The e was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The c phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (40 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (40 ml), water (40 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (40 ml), and brine (2 x 40 ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 8 COOMe O CszN Deoxo-Fluor ”II’N O H To a dry ﬂask were added the crude product from Step 8 above (2.33 mmol) and ous CHZClz (40 n11). The reaction solution became cloudy as it was cooled to —20°C in a dry ice/acetone/water bath. A freshly made stock on of Bis(2— methoxyethyl)aminosulfur triﬂuoride (0.644 ml, 0.022 mmol, 2.8 eq.) in CH2C12 (4 ml) was added dropwise. The ing reaction mixture was stirred at —20 °C for 1 h, and warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (20 ml), diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed with water (2 x 30 ml) as well as brine (30 ml), and dried over NagSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 9 CBrCIs, DBU To a dry ﬂask containing the crude product from step 8 above (2.33 mmol) were added anhydrous CHzClz (40 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C. Then CBrCl3 (0.345 ml, 3.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DBU (0.523 ml, 3.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added respectively. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was d for l h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed by 10% NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (2x30 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (30 ml), water (30 ml) and brine (30 ml), dried over NagSO4. After tration the residue was used in next step.

Step 10 Pd/C .|\\ ”H ‘11,, '11,, o H o N To a 50—ml ﬂask containing al synthesized in Step 9 above (400 mg, 0.58 mmol) were added ol (15 ml), t—butylamine (0.086 ml, 0.87 mmol, 15 eq.) and Pd/C (10%) (62 mg, 0.058 mmol, 01 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hz for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 4 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was ed through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 10 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without further purification.

Step 11 EDC, HOBt DIPEA, DMF To a dry 25—ml ﬂask containing the amine synthesized in Step 10 above (0.58 mmol) were added (S)—(+)—2—Hydroxy—3—methylbutanoic acid (82 mg, 0.696 mmol, 12 eq.), HOBt (94 mg, 0.696 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (8 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.152 ml, 0.87 mmol, 1.5 eq.). The on mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (133 mg, 0.696 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The ing reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The on was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (80 ter (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x20 ml). The ed organic layers were washed by water (30 mL), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (30 ml), ted NaHCO3 (30 ml), and brine (2 x 30 ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the crude was used ly in the next step.

Step 12 UBH4 THF/i-PrOH To a dry ﬂask were added crude material synthesized in Step 11 (0.58 mmol), THF (4 ml) and 2—propanol (12 ml). This solution was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of solid lithium borohydride (152 mg, 6.96 mmol, 12 eq.). The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 22 h. The reaction was monitored with LCMS.

Almost no starting material remained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 OC. 2—Propanol (24 ml) and water (40 ml) were added followed by addition of NH4Cl (3.1 g, 58 mmol, 100 eq.). The reaction e was stirred for 1 h and diluted with EtOAc (250 ml)/water (50 ml).

The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2 x 50 ml).

The combined organic layers were washed by water (3x50 ml), 10% NaHSO4 (2x50 ml), water (2x50 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (50 ml), and brine (2 x 50ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration the residue was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (EtOAc to 10% EtOAc/MeOH) to afford desired product as an off—white solid (188mg, 0.108 mmol, 52% for three steps). MS: m/z = 627.9 (M+1).

Synthesis of Compound 81 Step 1 H2N H3N CI COOH COOMe TMSCI F F / MeOH / N N H H To a dry 250—ml ﬂask were added o—DL—tryptophane (5.0 g, 22.5 mmol), and anhydrous methanol (120 ml). The suspension was cooled to 0°C followed by on of chlorotrimethyl silane (12.8 ml, 101.3 mmol, 4.5 eq.) in such a rate to keep the reaction temperature below 6°C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most volatile substances were evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude was used in next step.

Step 2 e e H HsN CI Cbz\N N COOMe COOMe H (3sz\ OH + e / F peptide coupling NH To a dry 250—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine salt synthesized in step 1 above (22.5 mmol.), Cbz—L—valine (6.22 g, 24.75 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (3.34 g, 24.75 mmol, 1.1 eq.), anhydrous DMF (80 ml) and isopropylethylamine (11.8 ml, 67.5 mmol, 3.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 OC followed by on of EDC‘HCl (4.74 g, 24.75 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced re. Then the residue was diluted with EtOAc (600 ml)/water (200 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), ted NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 3 “x0H Cbz LN Cbz\ N COOMe \N / COOMe DDQ H / A solution of DDQ (12.8 g, 56.25 mmol, 2.5 eq.) in THF (500 ml) was added to the reﬂuxing solution of the compound synthesized in Step 2 above (22.5 mmol) in THF (250 ml) and the dark solution was kept in reﬂux in an oil bath at 85 °C for l h. After cooling, the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 ml), and NaHCO3 (13 g) was added. The e was d for l h followed by filtration h a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (200 ml), aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (2 x 200 ml), water (2 x 200 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the mixture was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (5% EtOAc in CH2Cl2). This yielded 4.63 g (44.2% yield) of product.

] Step 4 Pd/C To a 250—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 3 above (4.63 g, 9.94 mmol) was added methanol (50 ml) and Pd/C (10%) (530 mg, 0.497 mmol, 0.05 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with H2 for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 1 h stirring almost no starting material ed.

The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 15 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without further purification.

Step 5 OH F To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine synthesized in step 4 (9.94 mmol), tyrosine (3.45 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (1.48 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.), anhydrous DMF (30 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (2.10 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (400 ml)/water (150 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2x100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (200 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (150 ml), water (150 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (150 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude (6.58 g) was used directly in the next step.

Step 6 COOMe H HRIV/ , K2C03, Et4N+BF4' / 1.6 v An ochemical cell was assembled using a glass cylinder (6 cm diameter x 11 cm height) and a custom rack (polypropylene and nylon) which supported 9 vertical te rods (6.15 mm diameter x 12 cm length). The rods were arranged in a n of a ring with 6 anodes and 3 cathodes. Electrodes were immersed to a depth of 6.5 cm. The phenolic material synthesized in Step 5 above (2.00 g, 3.18 mmol), Et4NBF4 (2.00 g, 9.2 mmol, 3 eq.), 2012/033715 K2C03(0.44 g, 3.18 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and ID water (4 ml) were added in DMF (200 ml). The solution was stirred vigorously in a stir plate (approx. 600 rpm). The electrochemical reaction was carried out at a potential of 1.5—1.6 volts. After 3 days, most of the original SM was consumed as ined by HPLC integration at 220 nM. The electrochemistry reaction was ed for 4 times to consume all phenolic material synthesized in step 5. The combined reaction mixtures were concentrated on a rotary evaporator (bath temp. g 35 OC) and dried further on a vacuum manifold. The e was diluted with EtOAc (500 ml) followed by filtration through a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (2 x 200 ml), brine (200 ml). The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4) and trated. This material was purified by ﬂash column chromatography with 15% MeCN in CH2C12. This yielded 900 mg of desired product with 14 % yield in three steps.

Step 7 .,,,I O H o N The compound synthesized in Step 6 (900 mg, 1.43 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (28 ml) and the solution was cooled in an ice bath. A solution of LiOH (344 mg, 14.3 mmol, 10 eq.) in water (4.5 ml) was added over 5 min. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and water (40 ml) was added ed by 1 N aqueous HCl (14.5 ml), keeping the reaction temperature below 10 OC. The mixture was partitioned between water (25 ml) and EtOAc (200 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl. The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (50 ml). The combined c layers were dried (NaZSO4), ed, and evaporated to give the acid product as fine white crystals.

Step 8 COOMe / COOH 2—0H F EDC,HOBt DIPEA, DMF .n‘ ,m ..,,I ”MN O H O H To a dry 50—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the carboxylic acid synthesized in step 7 above (1.43 mmol), L—serine methyl ester hydrochloride (268 mg, 1.72 mmol, 12 eq.), HOBt (232 mg, 1.72 mmol, 12 eq.), anhydrous DMF (15 ml) and isopropylethylamine (0.624 ml, 3.58 mmol, 2.5 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (330 mg, 1.72 mmol, 12 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of ts were evaporated under reduced pressure. The e was diluted with EtOAc (l50 ml)/water (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x30 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (60 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (60 ml), water (60 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (60 ml), and brine (2 x 60 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

] Step 9 HRLN COOMe HN—ﬁ HEN N COOMe Z—OH /:]/ O Csz N,,, F Deoxo-Fluor "'l/ "1,, o H o N To a dry ﬂask were added the crude product from Step 8 above (1.43 mmol) and anhydrous CHZClz (25 ml). The reaction solution became cloudy as it was cooled to —20°C in a dry ice/acetone/water bath. A freshly made stock solution of Bis(2— methoxyethyl)aminosulfur triﬂuoride (0.395 ml, 2.15 mmol, 15 eq.) in CH2C12 (4 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction e was stirred at —20 °C for l h, and warmed to 2012/033715 room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (15 ml), diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed with water (2 x 20 ml) as well as brine (30 ml), and dried over NagSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 10 CBrCIs, DBU To a dry ﬂask containing the crude product from step 9 above (1.43 mmol) were added anhydrous CHZClz (25 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C. Then CBrCl3 (0.211 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DBU (0.321 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added respectively. The resulting e was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction e was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed by 10% NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (2 x 30 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (15 ml), water (30 ml) and brine (30 ml), dried over NazSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 11 CszN,,, 0 F H2 Pd/C o N To a 100—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 10 above (1.43 mmol) were added methanol (20 ml), t—butylamine (0.226 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and Pd/C (10%) (152 mg, 0.143 mmol, 0.1 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hz for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the on system. After 4 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with ol (3 x 15 ml).

The filtrate was trated and the residue was used in next step directly without further purification.

Step 12 EDC, HOBt DIPEA, DMF To a dry 25—ml ﬂask containing the amine synthesized in Step 11 above (1.43 mmol) were added (S)—(+)—2—hydroxy—3—methylbutanoic acid (203 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (232 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (15 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.374 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.). The on mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of l (330 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The on mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 ml)/water (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x30 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (50 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (50 ml), water (30 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (50 ml), and brine (2 x 50 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 13 LiBH4 THF/i-PrOH ] To a dry ﬂask were added crude material synthesized in Step 12 (1.43 mmol), THF (13 ml) and 2—propanol (40 ml). This solution was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of solid lithium borohydride (467 mg, 21.45 mmol, 15 eq.). The ing mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 18 h. The reaction was monitored with LCMS.

Almost no starting material remained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 OC. anol (40 ml) and water (80 ml) were added followed by addition of NH4Cl (7.6 g, 143 mmol, 100 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and diluted with EtOAc (400 ml)/water (100 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2 x 100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (3x100 ml), 10% NaHSO4 (2x100 ml), water (2x100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration the residue was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (Pure EtOAc to 7% MeCN/EtOAc) to afford desired product as an off—white solid (215mg, 0.340 mmol, 24% for seven steps).

Synthesis of Compound 85 ] Step 1 H2N H3N CI COOH COOMe TMSCI F F / MeOH / N N H H To a dry 250—ml ﬂask were added 5—ﬂuoro—DL—tryptophane (6.0 g, 27.0 mmol), and anhydrous methanol (120 ml). The sion was cooled to 0°C followed by addition of chlorotrimethyl silane (15.4 ml, 121.5 mmol, 4.5 eq.) in such a rate to keep the reaction temperature below 6°C. The resulting reaction mixture was d at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most volatile substances were evaporated under reduced re. The crude was used in next step.

Step 2 e e H HsN CI Cbz\N N COOMe COOMe H Cbz‘N OH + / F peptide coupling NH H / To a dry 250—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine salt synthesized in step 1 above (27 mmol.), Cbz—L—(x—t—butylglycine DCHA salt (13.26 g, 29.7 mmol, l.l eq.), HOBt (4.01 g, 29.7 mmol, l.l eq.), anhydrous DMF (100 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (14.1 ml, 81 mmol, 3.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (5.69 g, 29.7 mmol, l.l eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then the residue was diluted with EtOAc (700 ml)/water (200 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

] Step 3 Cbz\ N COOMe CbZ\N /N COOMe H DDQ H / o THF 0 NH reflux A solution of DDQ (15.32 g, 67.5 mmol, 2.5 eq.) in THF (100 ml) was added to the ng solution of the compound sized in Step 2 above (27 mmol) in THF (300 ml) and the dark solution was kept in reﬂux in an oil bath at 85 °C for l h. After cooling, the WO 45255 solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (700 ml), and NaHCO3 (15 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h followed by filtration through a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (200 ml), aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (2x200 ml), water (2x200 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the mixture was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (5% EtOAc in ). This yielded 6.42 g (50% yield) of t.

Step 4 CbZ \ N /N COOMe /N H H2N COOMe O / 2 Pd/C \ \ NH NH F F To a 250—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 3 above (6.42 g, 13.4 mmol) was added methanol (60 ml) and Pd/C (10%) (1.43 g, 1.34 mmol, 0.1 eq.) under N2.

H2 n was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hg for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 1 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 15 ml). The filtrate was trated and the residue was used in next step directly without further purification.

Step 5 To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine synthesized in step 4 (13.4 mmol), tyrosine (4.65 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (2.0 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.), anhydrous DMF (40 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (2.83 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was 2012/033715 d with EtOAc (500 ml)/water (150 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2X100 n11). The combined organic layers were washed by water (200 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (150 ml), water (150 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (150 ml), and brine (2 X 100 ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 6 / C ZH : F ’1, K2CO3: Et4N B 4— / 1.6V o N ] An electrochemical cell was assembled using a glass cylinder (6 cm diameter X 11 cm height) and a custom rack (polypropylene and nylon) which supported 9 vertical graphite rods (6.15 mm diameter X 12 cm length). The rods were arranged in a pattern of a ring with 6 anodes and 3 cathodes. Electrodes were immersed to a depth of 6.5 cm. The ic material synthesized in Step 5 above (2.00 g, 3.11 mmol), 4 (2.00 g, 9.2 mmol, 3 eq.), 0.409 g, 2.96 mmol, 0.95 eq.) and ID water (4 ml) were added in DMF (200 ml). The solution was d vigorously in a stir plate (appr0X. 600 rpm). The electrochemical reaction was carried out at a potential of 1.5—1.6 volts. After 3 days, most of the original SM was consumed as determined by HPLC integration at 220 nM. The electrochemistry reaction was repeated for 4 times to consume all phenolic material synthesized in step 5. The combined reaction miXtures were concentrated on a rotary evaporator (bath temp. g 35 OC) and dried further on a vacuum manifold. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 ml) followed by filtration through a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (2 X 200 ml) brine (200 ml). The aqueous layers were eXtracted in succession with EtOAc (2X50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NazSO4) and concentrated. This material was purified by ﬂash column chromatography with 15% MeCN in . This yielded 553 mg of desired product with 6.4 % yield in three steps.

Step 7 "II/N The compound synthesized in Step 6 (553 mg, 0.863 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (17 ml) and the solution was cooled in an ice bath. A on of LiOH (207 mg, 8.63 mmol, 10 eq.) in water (2.7 ml) was added over 5 min. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and water (20 ml) was added followed by 1 N aqueous HCl (8.8 ml), keeping the on temperature below 10 OC. The mixture was partitioned between water (15 ml) and EtOAc (100 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl. The aqueous layers were extracted in sion with EtOAc (30 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4), decanted, and evaporated to give the acid product as fine white crystals.

Step 8 COOMe N N HN HN / HN —, / COOH ’—OH CbZHN,,, CbZHNI,, O F EDC, HOBt F DIPEA, DMF .H‘ ”u "1,, "I” o H o N To a dry 50—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the ylic acid synthesized in step 7 above (0.863 mmol), L—serine methyl ester hydrochloride (161 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (140 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (15 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.346 ml, 1.99 mmol, 2.3 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (199 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.3 eq.). The resulting reaction e was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2x20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (40 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (40 ml), water (40 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (40 ml), and brine (2 x 40 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 9 COOMe CszN,,, Deoxo-Fluor To a dry ﬂask were added the crude t from Step 8 above (0.863 mmol) and anhydrous CHzClz (15 n11). The reaction solution became cloudy as it was cooled to —20°C in a dry ice/acetone/water bath. A freshly made stock solution of Bis(2— methoxyethyl)aminosulfur triﬂuoride (0.239 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) in CHZClz (2 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at —20 °C for 1 h, and warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (10 ml), diluted with EtOAc (50 ml), washed with water (2 x 15 ml) as well as brine (20 ml), and dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

] Step 10 CBrCIs, DBU ] To a dry ﬂask containing the crude product from step 9 above (0.866 mmol) were added anhydrous CHZClz (15 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C. Then CBrCl3 (0.128 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DBU (0.193 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added respectively. The resulting mixture was d to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 ml), washed by 10% NaHSO4 (15 ml), water (2 x 15 n11), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (15 ml), water (15 ml) and brine (15 ml), dried over NagSO4. After concentration the e was used in next step.

Step 11 HN /N]/COOMe N HN /N]/COOMe CszN,,, 0 H2N, o F H2 F Pd/C "'II "'II o H o H To a 50—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 10 above (0.863 mmol) were added methanol (12 ml), t—butylamine (0.137 ml, 1.3 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and Pd/C (10%) (91 mg, 0.0863 mmol, 0.1 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with H2 for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 4 h stirring almost no starting material ed. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 10 ml).

The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly t further purification.

] Step 12 EDC, HOBt DIPEA, DMF To a dry 25—ml ﬂask containing the amine synthesized in Step 11 above (0.863 mmol) were added (S)—(+)—2—hydroxy—3—methylbutanoic acid (122 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (140 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (10 ml) and WO 45255 N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.225 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (199 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction e was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and the s phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (30 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (30 ml), ted NaHCO3 (30 ml), and brine (2 x 30 ml), and then dried over NagSO4.

After concentration, the crude was used ly in the next step.

Step 13 UBH4 THF/i-PrOH To a dry ﬂask were added crude material synthesized in Step 12 (0.863 mmol), THF (10 ml) and 2—propanol (30 ml). This solution was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of solid lithium borohydride (282 mg, 12.95 mmol, 15 eq.). The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 22 h. The reaction was monitored with LCMS.

Almost no starting material remained. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 OC. 2—Propanol (24 ml) and water (40 ml) were added followed by addition of NH4Cl (4.6 g, 86.3 mmol, 100 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h and diluted with EtOAc (250 ml)/water (50 ml).

The combined c layers were washed by water (3x100 ml), 10% NaHSO4 (2x100 ml), water (2x100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration the residue was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (70% EtOAc/DCM) to afford desired product as an off—white solid (124mg, 0.192 mmol, 22% for seven .

Synthesis of Compound 86 Step 1 H2N H3N CI COOH COOMe TMSCI F F / MeOH / N N H H To a dry 250—ml ﬂask were added 5—ﬂuoro—DL—tryptophane (5.0 g, 22.5 mmol), and anhydrous methanol (120 ml). The suspension was cooled to 0°C followed by addition of chlorotrimethyl silane (12.8 ml, 101.3 mmol, 4.5 eq.) in such a rate to keep the reaction temperature below 6°C. The resulting reaction e was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most volatile substances were evaporated under reduced re. The crude was used in next step.

Step 2 e e H HsN CI Cbz\N N COOMe Cbz\Hx(OH COOMe H —, O + / F peptidecoupling NH To a dry 250—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine salt synthesized in step 1 above (22.5 mmol.), Cbz—L—valine (6.22 g, 24.75 mmol, l.l eq.), HOBt (3.34 g, 24.75 mmol, l.l eq.), anhydrous DMF (80 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (l 1.8 ml, 67.5 mmol, 3.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 OC followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (4.74 g, 24.75 mmol, l.l eq.). The ing reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under d pressure. Then the residue was d with EtOAc (600 ml)/water (200 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), ted NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 3 H Cbz LN v N COOMe \N / COOMe DDQ H / A solution of DDQ (12.8 g, 56.25 mmol, 2.5 eq.) in THF (500 ml) was added to the reﬂuxing solution of the compound synthesized in Step 2 above (22.5 mmol) in THF (250 ml) and the dark solution was kept in reﬂux in an oil bath at 85 °C for l h. After cooling, the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 ml), and NaHCO3 (13 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for l h followed by filtration h a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (200 ml), aqueous ted NaHCO3 (2 x 200 ml), water (2 x 200 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the e was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (5% EtOAc in CH2Cl2). This yielded 4.63 g (44.2% yield) of product.

Step 4 CbZ Nj:(/N\ COOMe HgNrr/N COOMe H H2 O / / \ \ NH NH To a 250—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 3 above (4.63 g, 9.94 mmol) was added ol (50 ml) and Pd/C (10%) (530 mg, 0.497 mmol, 0.05 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with H2 for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 1 h stirring almost no starting material remained.

Step 5 OH F To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine synthesized in step 4 (9.94 mmol), tyrosine (3.45 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (1.48 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.), anhydrous DMF (30 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (2.10 g, 10.93 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The on was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (400 ml)/water (150 ml). The c phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x100 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (200 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (150 ml), water (150 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (150 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude (6.58 g) was used directly in the next step.

Step 6 H HRIV/ COOMGF CszN,,, K2C03, Et4N+BF4' / 1.6 v An electrochemical cell was assembled using a glass cylinder (6 cm diameter x 11 cm height) and a custom rack (polypropylene and nylon) which supported 9 al graphite rods (6.15 mm diameter x 12 cm length). The rods were ed in a pattern of a ring with 6 anodes and 3 cathodes. Electrodes were immersed to a depth of 6.5 cm. The phenolic material sized in Step 5 above (2.00 g, 3.18 mmol), Et4NBF4 (2.00 g, 9.2 mmol, 3 eq.), K2C03(0.44 g, 3.18 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and ID water (4 ml) were added in DMF (200 ml). The on was stirred vigorously in a stir plate (approx. 600 rpm). The electrochemical reaction was carried out at a potential of 1.5—1.6 volts. After 3 days, most of the original SM was consumed as determined by HPLC integration at 220 nM. The electrochemistry reaction was repeated for 4 times to consume all phenolic material synthesized in step 5. The combined reaction mixtures were concentrated on a rotary evaporator (bath temp. g 35 OC) and dried r on a vacuum manifold. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 ml) ed by filtration through a fritted funnel. The te was washed by water (2 x 200 ml), brine (200 ml). The s layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4) and concentrated. This material was purified by ﬂash column chromatography with 15% MeCN in CH2C12. This yielded 900 mg of desired product with 14 % yield in three steps.

Step 7 .,,,I O H o N ] The compound synthesized in Step 6 (900 mg, 1.43 mmol) was ved in methanol (28 ml) and the solution was cooled in an ice bath. A solution of LiOH (344 mg, 14.3 mmol, 10 eq.) in water (4.5 ml) was added over 5 min. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h. The e was cooled in an ice bath and water (40 ml) was added followed by 1 N aqueous HCl (14.5 ml), keeping the reaction temperature below 10 OC. The mixture was partitioned between water (25 ml) and EtOAc (200 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl. The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (50 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4), decanted, and evaporated to give the acid product as fine white crystals.

Step 8 COOMe / COOH ¢_OH CszN,,, CszN,,, 0 F EDC,HOBt F DIPEA, DMF .n‘ ,m "'I] "I, o H o 'H To a dry 50—ml ﬂask with ic stir bar was added the carboxylic acid synthesized in step 7 above (1.43 mmol), L—serine methyl ester hydrochloride (268 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (232 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (15 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.624 ml, 3.58 mmol, 2.5 eq.). The reaction e was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (330 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was d with EtOAc (150 ml)/water (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x30 ml). The ed c layers were washed by water (60 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (60 ml), water (60 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (60 ml), and brine (2 x 60 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 9 Hé:[;¢N COOMe HN—{ H;:[;¢N N COOMe Z—OH /:]/ O Csz N,,, F Deoxo-Fluor "'l/ "1,, o H o N To a dry ﬂask were added the crude product from Step 8 above (1.43 mmol) and anhydrous CHzClz (25 ml). The reaction on became cloudy as it was cooled to —20°C in a dry ice/acetone/water bath. A freshly made stock solution of Bis(2— methoxyethyl)aminosulfur triﬂuoride (0.395 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) in CHZClz (4 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at —20 °C for 1 h, and warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous WO 45255 NaHCO3 (15 ml), diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed with water (2 x 20 ml) as well as brine (30 ml), and dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 10 CBrCIs, DBU To a dry ﬂask ning the crude product from step 9 above (1.43 mmol) were added anhydrous CHzClz (25 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C. Then CBrCl3 (0.211 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DBU (0.321 ml, 2.15 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added tively. The ing mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed by 10% NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (2 x 30 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (15 ml), water (30 ml) and brine (30 ml), dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 11 To a ﬂask were added the product from step 10 (0.735 mmol), methanol (30 ml), aqueous ammonia solution (28%, 15 ml). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most of ol was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml), washed with 2% NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (30 ml), 5% NaHCO3 (30 ml), brine (30 ml). The organic phase was dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used in next step.

Step 12 CszN,,, 0 H2N, o F H2 F Pd/C ”I” '11,, o H o H To a 100—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 11 above (0.735 mmol) were added methanol (20 ml), t—butylamine (0.116 ml, 1.1 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and Pd/C (10%) (78 mg, 0.052 mmol, 0.1 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hz for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 4 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was d. The on mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 15 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without r purification.

Step 13 EDC, HOBt DIPEA, DMF To a dry 25—ml ﬂask containing the amine synthesized in Step 12 above (0.735 mmol) were added (S)—(+)—2—hydroxy—3—methylbutanoic acid (104 mg, 0.882 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (119 mg, 0.882 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (10 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.192 ml, 1.1 mmol, 1.5 eq.). The on mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (169 mg, 0.882 mmol, 1.2 eq.). The resulting on mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (50 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (50 ml), water (30 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (50 ml), and brine (2 x 50 ml), and then dried over Na2SO4.

After tration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

] Step 14 1) (CF3CO)ZO Dioxane/DCM 2) NH3/HZO To a dry ﬂask were added crude material synthesized in Step 13 (0.735 mmol), dioxane (10 ml) and CH2C12 (10 ml) and pyridine (1.2 ml, 14.7 mmol). This solution was cooled to —17°C followed by addition of triﬂuoroacetic anhydride (1.5 ml, 11 mmol) at —10 to —17 0C. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at —15°C for 1 h. Then aqueous NH3 solution (28% 10 ml) was added dropwise at —15°C followed by warming to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was red with LCMS. Most of t was moved under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 x 20 ml), washed with water (2 x 20 ml), 5% NaHSO4 (20 ml), water (20 ml), sat. NaHCO3 (20 ml), water (20 ml) and brine (20ml). The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4. After concentration the residue was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (30% MeCN/DCM to 40% MeCN/DCM) to afford desired product as an ite solid , 0.184 mmol, % for eight steps).

Synthesis of Compound 87 Step 1 H2N H3N CI COOH COOMe TMSCI F F / MeOH / N N H H ] To a dry 250—ml ﬂask were added 5—ﬂuoro—DL—tryptophane (6.0 g, 27.0 mmol), and anhydrous methanol (120 ml). The suspension was cooled to 0°C followed by addition of chlorotrimethyl silane (15.4 ml, 121.5 mmol, 4.5 eq.) in such a rate to keep the reaction temperature below 6°C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room ature for 20 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most volatile substances were evaporated under reduced re. The crude was used in next step.

Step 2 o e H HsN CI Cbz\N N COOMe COOMe H Cbz‘N OH + / F peptide coupling NH H / To a dry 250—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine salt synthesized in step 1 above (27 mmol.), Cbz—L—(x—t—butylglycine DCHA salt (13.26 g, 29.7 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (4.01 g, 29.7 mmol, 1.1 eq.), anhydrous DMF (100 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (14.1 ml, 81 mmol, 3.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of l (5.69 g, 29.7 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. Then the residue was diluted with EtOAc (700 ml)/water (200 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2x50 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (100 ml), 10% s NaHSO4 (100 ml), water (100 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (100 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

] Step 3 Cbz\ N COOMe CbZ‘N /N COOMe H DDQ H / o THF 0 / —> NH reflux A solution of DDQ (15.32 g, 67.5 mmol, 2.5 eq.) in THF (100 ml) was added to the reﬂuxing solution of the compound synthesized in Step 2 above (27 mmol) in THF (300 ml) and the dark solution was kept in reﬂux in an oil bath at 85 °C for l h. After g, the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (700 ml), and NaHCO3 (15 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for l h followed by tion through a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (200 ml), aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (2x200 ml), water (2x200 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried over NagSO4. After concentration, the mixture was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (5% EtOAc in CHzClz). This yielded 6.42 g (50% yield) of t.

Step 4 N /N /N COOMe H2N COOMe H H O / _2, O / Pd/C \ \ NH NH F F To a 250—ml ﬂask containing material synthesized in Step 3 above (6.42 g, 13.4 mmol) was added methanol (60 ml) and Pd/C (10%) (1.43 g, 1.34 mmol, 01 eq.) under N2.

H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hg for 4 times. Then H2 balloon was opened to the reaction system. After 1 h stirring almost no starting al remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 15 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without r purification.

Step 5 HN / 2 COOM EDC O / HOBt To a dry 100—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the amine synthesized in step 4 (13.4 mmol), Cbz—L—tyrosine (4.65 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.), HOBt (2.0 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.), ous DMF (40 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (2.83 g, 14.74 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction was red by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 ml)/water (150 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2x100 ml). The ed organic layers were washed by water (200 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (150 ml), water (150 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (150 ml), and brine (2 x 100 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 6 H // COOMeF CszN,,I Chm/No. O o K2C03,Et4N+BF4' / 1.6V An electrochemical cell was led using a glass cylinder (6 cm diameter x 11 cm height) and a custom rack (polypropylene and nylon) which supported 9 vertical graphite rods (6.15 mm diameter x 12 cm length). The rods were arranged in a pattern of a ring with 6 2012/033715 anodes and 3 cathodes. Electrodes were immersed to a depth of 6.5 cm. The phenolic material synthesized in Step 5 above (2.00 g, 3.11 mmol), Et4NBF4 (2.00 g, 9.2 mmol, 3 eq.), K2CO3(0.409 g, 2.96 mmol, 0.95 eq.) and ID water (4 ml) were added in DMF (200 ml). The solution was stirred vigorously in a stir plate (approx. 600 rpm). The electrochemical reaction was carried out at a potential of 1.5—1.6 volts. After 3 days, most of the original SM was consumed as determined by HPLC integration at 220 nM. The electrochemistry reaction was ed for 4 times to consume all phenolic material synthesized in step 5. The ed reaction mixtures were concentrated on a rotary evaporator (bath temp. g 35 OC) and dried further on a vacuum manifold. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (500 ml) followed by filtration through a fritted funnel. The filtrate was washed by water (2 x 200 ml) brine (200 ml). The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (2x50 ml). The ed organic layers were dried (NaZSO4) and concentrated. This material was purified by ﬂash column chromatography with 15% MeCN in CHZClz. This yielded 553 mg of desired product with 6.4 % yield in three steps.

] Step 7 "II/N The compound synthesized in Step 6 (553 mg, 0.863 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (17 ml) and the solution was cooled in an ice bath. A solution of LiOH (207 mg, 8.63 mmol, 10 eq.) in water (2.7 ml) was added over 5 min. The ice bath was d and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and water (20 ml) was added ed by l N aqueous HCl (8.8 ml), keeping the reaction temperature below 10 OC. The mixture was partitioned between water (15 ml) and EtOAc (100 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated s NaCl. The aqueous layers were extracted in succession with EtOAc (30 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (NaZSO4), decanted, and evaporated to give the acid t as fine white crystals.

Step 8 WO 45255 COOMe / COOH CszN,,, CszN,,, 0 F EDC, HOBt F DIPEA, DMF .H‘ ”u "1,, "I” o H o H To a dry 50—ml ﬂask with magnetic stir bar was added the carboxylic acid synthesized in step 7 above (0.863 mmol), ne methyl ester hydrochloride (161 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), HOBt (140 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.2 eq.), anhydrous DMF (15 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.346 ml, 1.99 mmol, 2.3 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (199 mg, 1.036 mmol, 1.3 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was d at RT for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. Most of solvents were evaporated under d pressure. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was ted by EtOAc (2x20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (40 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (40 ml), water (40 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (40 ml), and brine (2 x 40 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 9 COOMe N HN N N COOMe HN HN ”—OH / j CszN,,, 0 CszN,” 0 F Deoxo-Fluor F "'I/ "1,, o H o H To a dry ﬂask were added the crude product from Step 8 above (0.863 mmol) and anhydrous CHZClz (15 ml). The reaction solution became cloudy as it was cooled to —20°C in a dry ice/acetone/water bath. A freshly made stock solution of Bis(2— methoxyethyl)aminosulfur triﬂuoride (0.239 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) in CH2C12 (2 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at —20 °C for 1 h, and warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous WO 45255 NaHCO3 (10 ml), diluted with EtOAc (50 ml), washed with water (2 x 15 ml) as well as brine (20 ml), and dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 10 CBrCIs, DBU To a dry ﬂask containing the crude product from step 9 above (0.866 mmol) were added anhydrous CHZClz (15 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0°C. Then CBrCl3 (0.128 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and DBU (0.193 ml, 1.29 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added respectively. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 ml), washed by 10% NaHSO4 (15 ml), water (2 x 15 ml), ted aqueous NaHCO3 (15 ml), water (15 ml) and brine (15 ml), dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was used in next step.

Step 11 To a ﬂask were added the product from step 10 (0.52 mmol), methanol (25 ml), aqueous ammonia solution (28%, 10 ml). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Most of methanol was evaporated under d re. The residue was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml), washed with 2% NaHSO4 (30 ml), water (30 ml), 5% NaHCO3 (30 ml), brine (30 ml). The organic phase was dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used in next step.

Step 12 CszN,,, 0 H2N,, o F H2 F Pd/C "'l/ ‘11,, o H o N To a 100—ml ﬂask ning material synthesized in Step 11 above (0.52 mmol) were added methanol (10 ml), t—butylamine (0.082 ml, 0.78 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and Pd/C (10%) (55 mg, 0.052 mmol, 0.1 eq.) under N2. H2 balloon was added and the ﬂask was purged with Hz for 4 times. Then H2 n was opened to the reaction system. After 4 h stirring almost no starting material remained. The reaction was stopped. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the black cake was washed with methanol (3 x 15 ml). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was used in next step directly without further purification.

] Step 13 EDC, HOBt DIPEA, DMF To a dry 25—ml ﬂask containing the amine synthesized in Step 12 above (0.52 mmol) were added )—2—hydroxy—3—methylbutanoic acid (74 mg, 0.624 mmol, 12 eq.), HOBt (85 mg, 0.624 mmol, 12 eq.), anhydrous DMF (10 ml) and N,N—diisopropylethylamine (0.136 ml, 0.78 mmol, 15 eq.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by addition of EDC‘HCl (120 mg, 0.624 mmol, 12 eq.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml)/water (30 ml). The organic phase was ted and the aqueous phase was extracted by EtOAc (2 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers were washed by water (50 ml), 10% aqueous NaHSO4 (50 ml), water (30 ml), saturated NaHCO3 (50 ml), and brine (2 x 50 ml), and then dried over NaZSO4. After concentration, the crude was used directly in the next step.

Step 14 1) (CFSCO)20 Dioxane/DCM 2) O ] To a dry ﬂask were added crude material synthesized in Step 13 (0.52 mmol), dioxane (7 ml) and CH2C12 (7 ml) and pyridine (0.841 ml, 14.7 mmol). This solution was cooled to —l7°C followed by addition of triﬂuoroacetic anhydride (1.1 ml, 7.8 mmol) at —10 to —17 0C. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at —15°C for 1 h. Then aqueous NH3 on (28% 7 ml) was added dropwise at —15°C followed by warming to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was monitored with LCMS. Most of solvent was moved under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted by ethyl acetate (3 x 20 ml), washed with water (2 x 20 ml), 5% NaHSO4 (20 ml), water (20 ml), sat. NaHCO3 (20 ml), water (20 ml) and brine (20ml). The organic phase was dried over NaZSO4. After concentration the residue was purified by ﬂash column chromatography (20% MeCN/DCM to 30% CM) to afford desired product as an off—white solid (51mg, 0.080 mmol, 16% for eight steps).

Cell Viability Assay ol Cell viability assays were run using rd protocols known to those of skill in art. Cells were plated in 96 well plates at the density of 3,000—10,000 cells per well. Twenty four hours later, cells were treated with increasing concentration of test compounds (1 nM to 1 uM). After another 48 hour, cell survival was ed using Cell—Titer—Glo® reagent (Promega) following the protocol provided by the manufacture. The IC50 value was ined as the concentration of test compound that kills 50% of the cell population. entative Biological Data Cell Viability data generated according to the protocol described above was generated for representative compounds in A2058 and U937 cells. The compounds shown in Table l were prepared by the s described herein for structurally similar compounds.

The reference compound was a synthetic diazonamide analog haVing the structure: Table 1. Cell ity data in A2058 and U937 cells Compound # Structure IC50 (nM) in IC50 (nM) cell Viability in cell assay in Viability A2058 assay in U937 I. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with esters other than methyl ester in position 4.

WO 45255 57 21 .99 19.68 70.81 36.91 3. 3 2.88 WO 45255 IV. e, 4 oxazoyl analogs with cyano—group in position 4 V. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with heterocycles in position 4 WO 45255 WO 45255 >1000 223 53 12 >1000 >1000 257 71 WO 45255 WO 45255 WO 45255 WO 45255 WO 45255 WO 45255 2012/033715 X. Oxazole, 4—ary1 (non—oxazole) analogs WO 45255 11. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs ] Xenograft Tumor Models The compounds were tested in HCC461 human lung carcinoma xenograft and a pancreatic cancer xenograft tumor models in 5— to 6—week—old Harlan Athymic Nude—Foxnlnu mice.

Protocol: Preparation of tumor cells Tumor cells were cultured in complete RPMI medium and excluded any contamination. When cells are 70—80% conﬂuent, medium was removed and cells were washed with serum free media, trypsinized, ted and washed with serum free media for three times by centrifuge. After final washing, cells were d and mixed with matrigel at 1:1 ration in volume. Cells were suspended in a volume that 200 pl contains required number of cells per injection.

Preparation of the injection Clean and sterilize the inoculation area of the mice with iodine solutions and ethanol. Take cells withl—cc syringe. Inject tumor cells (1 X 107) subcutaneously (s.c.) into the lower ﬂank of the mice. When tumors reached 200—300 mm3 in size, mice were randomized into treatment groups of five mice per group. Mice were weighed and tumors measured using vemier rs two times per week. Tumor volume in mm3 is calculated by the formula: Volume (mm3) = (length x width2)/2.

Treatment The compounds were dissolved in cremophor/ethanol (l: l) at 20 mg/mL as the stock solution and then diluted in saline to 2.5 mg/mL. The nds and the vehicle (6.25% cremophor/6.25% ethanol in saline) were administered enously in a total volume of 0.2 mL three times a week for total siX treatments.

In the HCC46l lung cancer xenograft model, animals were injected on days 7, ll, 14 and 18 post tumor—cell injection.

In the Miapaca pancreatic cancer aft model, s were injected on days 6, l3, and 20 post tumor—cell injection.

Results The activities of exemplary compounds and dosages are shown in Figures 1 and 2. >I< >I< >I< ] The entirety of each patent, patent application, publication and document referenced herein hereby is incorporated by reference. Citation of the above patents, patent applications, publications and documents is not an admission that any of the foregoing is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents or date of these publications or documents.

Modifications may be made to the ing without departing from the basic aspects of the invention. Although the invention has been described in substantial detail with reference to one or more specific embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will ize that changes may be made to the embodiments specifically disclosed in this application, and yet these modifications and improvements are within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

Claims 1. 1. A nd of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

I. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with esters other than methyl ester in position 4. 21 Me Me 22 Me Me O O HN N N N OH O OH HN O H H N O O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 23 Me Me 24 Me Me H2 O O N C N N OH HN N O H OH HN O OMe H H N O N O O O O O N O H O H 25 Me Me 26 O O N N P N N OH HN O ONa OH HN O OMe H OH N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H II. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with alcohol or ketone in position 4 27 Me Me 28 Me Me HN N N OH HN N N OH OH OH H H N O O O O N O O O O N N O O H H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 29 OH 30 O N N N N OH HN OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O NH NH 31 OH N N OH HN N O O III. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with amide, amine, carbamate or sulfonamide in on 4 32 Me Me 33 Me Me HN N N CH2NHMe HN N N CH2NH2 OH OH H H N O O O O N O O O O N N O H O H 34 Me Me 35 Me Me SO2Me HN N N N N OH HN N OH N OMe H H H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O H O H 36 37 Me Me N N O HN N N O O O O H IV. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with cyano-group in position 4 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 38 Me Me 39 Me Me CN CN OH HN N N N N OH HN O H N O O N O O NHAc O O O N N O H O H HN N N CN N O O O Me O H V. e, 4 oxazoyl analogs with heterocycles in position 4 41 Me Me 42 Me Me O O N N N N OH HN O OH HN O H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O H O H 43 Me Me N 44 N N N N N N N OH HN O OH HN H H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O H O H 45 N 46 OH HN N N N N N H H OH HN N N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 47 N 48 N N OH HN O N O O O O H VI. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with substituents ing isopropyl group 49 50 COOMe COOMe N N OH HN N N H OH HN N O O O N O O O NH O NH 51 52 COOMe COOMe N N N N OH HN OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O O NH O NH HN N N COOMe 54 N COOMe OH O N N O H O N N O O O O O O H N O H 55 56 N N N N COOMe OH HN OH OH HN N O H O O O N O O O O N N O H O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 57 58 N N OH HN OH N N COOMe N O OH HN O O H N O O O O H N O H 59 60 N N COOMe OH HN H HN N N OH OH N O O O H N O O O N N O H O H 61 CO2Me 62 OH N N N N CN H OH HN N O O H O N O O O O O O H O H 63 64 N N COOMe OH HN N O O O O H 65 66 N N CN HN N N CN OH HN H H N O O O O N O O O O N N O H O H NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 67 68 N N CN N N CN OH HN HN H HO H N O O O N O O O O O N N O H O H HN N N CN N O O O O H VII. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl s with variations in tyrosine moiety 70 71 COOMe COOMe OH HN N N HN N N H H N O O O O N O O O O N N Cl O H F O H 72 O 73 N N OH HN OMe N N H OH HN OMe N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 74 75 N N OMe OH HN N N OH HN OH O H N O O N O O O O O O H N O H VIII. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with variations in indoline moiety 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 76 77 Me Me N N OH HN OH N O O O SO2Me 78 79 Me Me N N COOMe HN N N COOMe OH HN H OH N O H O O N O O O O O N N O O H 80 Me Me 81 Me Me OMe OH OH N OH HN N N HN H H O N O N O O O O F F O O N N O H O H 82 Me Me 83 Me Me N N N N OH HN OMe OH HN OH H H N O N O O O O O O O F F N N O O H H 84 85 N HN N N OH HN N OMe OH OH H H N O O O N O O O Cl F O O N N O H O H NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 86 87 IX. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl s with N-Methyl group in side chain and/or macrocyclic moiety 88 89 COOMe OH HN N N Me HN N N OH OH N O Me O O N O O O O H N O H 90 91 COOMe HN N N CN OH HN N N OH Me O N O N O O O N N O H O H 92 93 COOMe OH MeN N N N N COOMe H OH MeN N O Me O O N O O O O O N N O H O H X. Oxazole, 4-aryl (non-oxazole) analogs 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 95 Me Me 96 N N HN N OH HN N OH H H N O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 97 Me Me 98 Me Me N COOMe CH2OH OH HN N OH HN N N O H N S N O O O S O O O H N O H XI. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs 99 Me Me 100 HN N N COOMe N N CF3 OH OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O H 101 102 Me Me N N N OH OH HN N HN OH H H N O O N O O O O O O O N OH H ive 103 104 N N COOMe OH HN H HN N N OMe N O OH O O H N O O O 105 H OH HN N OMe N O O O 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH
2. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: I. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with esters other than methyl ester in position 4. 21 Me Me 22 Me Me O O N N OH HN O OH HN N N O H H N O O O O N O O O O O N H O H 23 Me Me 24 Me Me H2 O O N N C HN N N HN O H OH O OMe H H N O N O O O O O N O H O H 25 Me Me 26 O O N N P N N OH HN O ONa HN O OMe H OH OH N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H
3. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: II. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with alcohol or ketone in on 4 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 27 Me Me 28 Me Me N N OH HN N N OH OH HN OH H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O O H H 29 OH 30 O N N N N OH HN OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O NH NH 31 OH N N OH HN N O O
4. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: 32 Me Me 33 Me Me N CH2NH2 HN N N CH2NHMe OH HN N H H N O O N O O O O O O N N O H O H 34 Me Me 35 Me Me N N SO2Me HN N N OH HN N OH N OMe H H H H N O O N O O O O O O N N O H O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 36 37 Me Me N O OH HN N N N O O O O H
5. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: IV. Oxazole, 4 l analogs with cyano-group in position 4 38 Me Me 39 Me Me N N CN CN OH HN OH HN N N N O H O N O O O O NHAc O O N N O H O H N N CN OH HN N O O O Me O H
6. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: V. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with heterocycles in position 4 41 Me Me Me Me O 42 O N N OH HN N N O OH HN O H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O H O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 43 Me Me N 44 N N HN N N O HN N OH N H H H N O N O O O O O O O N N O H O H 45 N 46 N N OH HN N H OH HN N N N N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 47 N 48 N N OH HN O N O O O O H
7. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt VI. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with substituents replacing isopropyl group 49 50 COOMe COOMe N N OH N N H OH HN N O O O N O O O NH O NH 51 52 COOMe COOMe N N N N OH HN OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O O NH O NH 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 53 COOMe 54 COOMe OH HN N N N OH O N N O H O N N O O O O O O H N O H 55 56 N COOMe OH HN N N HN N OH OH N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 57 58 OH HN N N OH N N COOMe N O OH HN O O H N O O O O H N O H 59 60 N N COOMe OH HN H N N O OH HN OH N O O H N O O O N N O H O H 61 CO2Me 62 OH N N N N H OH HN N O O H O N O O O O O O H O H NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 63 64 N N COOMe OH HN N O O O O H 65 66 CN CN OH HN N N HN N N H H N O O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 67 68 CN CN OH HN N N HN N N H HO H N O O O O N O O O O N N O H O H N N CN N O O O O H
8. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: VII. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with variations in ne moiety 70 71 N N COOMe N N COOMe OH HN OH HN H H N O O O O N O O O O N N Cl O H F O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 72 O 73 N N OH HN OMe N N OH HN OMe N O H O O N O O O O O N N O H O H 74 75 OH HN N N OMe HN N N OH OH H H N O O O O N O O O O O H N O H
9. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt VIII. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with variations in indoline moiety 76 77 Me Me HN N N OH OH N O O O SO2Me 78 79 Me Me N COOMe OH HN N N N COOMe H OH HN N O H O O N O O O O O N N O O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 80 Me Me 81 Me Me N N OH HN N N OMe OH HN OH H H N O N O O O O O F F O O N N O H O H 82 Me Me 83 Me Me N N N N OH HN OMe OH HN OH H H N O O O O N O O O O F F N N O O H H 84 85 N N N N OH HN OMe OH HN OH H H N O O N O O O O Cl F O O N N O H O H 86 87
10. A nd of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: IX. Oxazole, 4 oxazoyl analogs with N-Methyl group in side chain and/or macrocyclic moiety 88 89 HN N N COOMe OH HN N N Me OH OH N O O O Me N O O O O H N O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH 90 91 N N CN COOMe HN N N OH HN OH Me Me O O N N O O O O O O N N O H O H 92 93 MeN N N COOMe COOMe OH MeN N N H OH N O O O N O O O O O N N O H O H
11. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof: X. Oxazole, 4-aryl (non-oxazole) analogs 95 Me Me 96 N N HN N OH HN N OH H H O N O N O O O O O N N O H O H 97 Me Me 98 Me Me N COOMe N N CH2OH OH HN N OH HN H H N O O S N O O S O O O H N O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH
12. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: XI. Oxazole, 4 l analogs 99 Me Me 100 N N COOMe N N CF3 OH HN OH HN H H N O O N O O O O O O H 101 102 Me Me N N HN N N OH HN OH H OH N O O N O O O O O O O N OH H Tentative 103 104 N N COOMe OH HN H N N O OH HN OMe N O O H N O O O 105 H N N OH HN OMe N O O O 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH
13. A compound of claim 1 and of the following table, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: Me Me HN N N OH OH N O O O 86; 81; O H OH HN N N OH N O O O 87; 85; O H COOMe HN N N CN N N OH OH HN H H N O O O N O O O O 62; O H 50; O NH N COOMe N N OH HN N OH HN OH H H N O O O O N O O O O N N 63; O H 57. O H 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH
14. A compound of claim 1 having the following formula, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: HN N N OH OH N O O O 57. N O H
15. A nd of claim 1 having the following formula, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: Me Me HN N N OH OH N O O O 81. O H
16. A compound of claim 1 having the following formula, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: OH HN N N OH N O O O 85. H
17. A compound of claim 1 having the following formula, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 206447NZ_claims_20150813_PLH
18. A compound of claim 1 having the following a, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 in unit dosage form with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a second, different chemotherapeutic drug.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 in unit dosage form with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a second, different chemotherapeutic drug selected from antimetabolites, DNA active agents, intercalating agents, n synthesis inhibitors, topoisomerase type I inhibitors, topoisomerase type II inhibitors, microtubule inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, drugs that affect Hsp90, TRAIL, a TRAIL or dy, TNF-α or TNF-β.