NO872905L - ANFO EXPLOSIVES. - Google Patents
ANFO EXPLOSIVES.Info
- Publication number
- NO872905L NO872905L NO87872905A NO872905A NO872905L NO 872905 L NO872905 L NO 872905L NO 87872905 A NO87872905 A NO 87872905A NO 872905 A NO872905 A NO 872905A NO 872905 L NO872905 L NO 872905L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- prills
- explosive
- ammonium nitrate
- powder
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse gjelder et ammoniumnitrat/brensel-olje-sprengstoff, d.v.s. et såkalt ANFO-sprengstoff. The present invention relates to an ammonium nitrate/fuel-oil explosive, i.e. a so-called ANFO explosive.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes et ammoniumnitrat/- brenselolje-sprengstoff som omfatter partikkelformig ammoniumnitrat og et flytende hydrokarbonbrensel, idet ammoniumnitratet omfatter ammoniumnitrat-"prills" og ammoniumnitratpulver, idet "prills" utgjør minst 30 vekt% av ammoniumnitratet, og pulveret utgjør minst 20 vekt% av ammoniumnitratet og "prills" har en gjennomsnittlig partikkelstørrelse som er minst 5 ganger større enn pulverets gjennomsnittlige partikkelstørrelse. According to the invention, an ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive is provided which comprises particulate ammonium nitrate and a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, the ammonium nitrate comprising ammonium nitrate "prills" and ammonium nitrate powder, the "prills" making up at least 30% by weight of the ammonium nitrate, and the powder making up at least 20% by weight of the ammonium nitrate and "prills" have an average particle size that is at least 5 times greater than the average particle size of the powder.
Den gjennomsnittlige partikkelstørrelsen for prills kanThe average particle size for prills can
være 5-15 ganger større enn pulverets gjennomsnittlige partikkelstørrelse, hovedvektmengden av prills har en partikkel-størrelse i området 1,0 - 2,8 mm, hovedvektmengden av pulveret har en partikkelstørrelse i området 0,1 - 0,35 mm, prills utgjør fortrinnsvis minst 50 vekt% av ammoniumnitratet og pulveret utgjør fortrinnsvis minst 30 vekt% av ammoniumnitratet . be 5-15 times larger than the average particle size of the powder, the bulk amount of prills has a particle size in the range 1.0 - 2.8 mm, the bulk amount of the powder has a particle size in the range 0.1 - 0.35 mm, prills preferably constitute at least 50% by weight of the ammonium nitrate and the powder preferably makes up at least 30% by weight of the ammonium nitrate.
Prills er således vesentlig større enn pulverpartiklenePrills are thus significantly larger than the powder particles
som virker minst delvis for å fylle hulrommene mellom prills. Ideelt er mengden av tilstedeværende pulver tilstrekkelig til i det vesentlige å fylle hulrommene mellom prills, uten noe overskudd av pulver. Dette er funnet, avhengig av den gjennomsnittlige partikkelstørrelsen og partikkelstørrelsefordelingen for prills og pulver, typisk å forekomme med vektmengder av prills og pulver i de områder som er spesifisert ovenfor, which acts at least in part to fill the cavities between the prills. Ideally, the amount of powder present is sufficient to substantially fill the voids between the prills, without any excess powder. This has been found, depending on the average particle size and particle size distribution of the prills and powders, to typically occur with weight amounts of prills and powders in the ranges specified above,
f.eks. for prills hvis hovedmengde ligger i størrelsesområdet 1,0 - 2,8 mm og pulverpartikler hvis hovedmengde er i størrelses-området 0,1 - 0,35 mm, idet et vektforhold mellom prill og pulver på 6:4 er funnet å være egnet. e.g. for prills whose main quantity is in the size range 1.0 - 2.8 mm and powder particles whose main quantity is in the size range 0.1 - 0.35 mm, a weight ratio between prill and powder of 6:4 has been found to be suitable.
Hydrokarbonbrenslet kan være et hvilket som helst egnet brensel av den type som konvensjonelt eller vanligvis anvendes for ANFO-sprengstoffer, og kan foreligge i vanlige mengder. Hydrokarbonbrenslet kan således være en hydrokarbonolje som f.eks. dieselolje, som utgjør 2-6 vekt% av sprengstoffet. The hydrocarbon fuel may be any suitable fuel of the type conventionally or commonly used for ANFO explosives, and may be present in customary quantities. The hydrocarbon fuel can thus be a hydrocarbon oil such as e.g. diesel oil, which makes up 2-6% by weight of the explosive.
Sprengstoffet kan inneholde en substans som sveller ved kontakt med vann, d.v.s. et såkalt vann-svellbart eller vann-blokkerende middel. Denne substansen kan utgjøre fra 1 til 5 vekt% av sprengstoffet og er eventuelt guargummi, johannes-brødtre-gummi, karboksymetylcellulose eller blandinger derav. The explosive may contain a substance that swells on contact with water, i.e. a so-called water-swellable or water-blocking agent. This substance can make up from 1 to 5% by weight of the explosive and is possibly guar gum, locust bean gum, carboxymethyl cellulose or mixtures thereof.
En effektiv mengde av denne substansen vil typisk anvendes i en mengde på 1 - 3 vekt% av sprengstoffet, selv om den kan foreligge i mindre enn 1 vekt% eller mer enn 5 vekt% av sprengstoffet. An effective amount of this substance will typically be used in an amount of 1 - 3% by weight of the explosive, although it may be present in less than 1% by weight or more than 5% by weight of the explosive.
Sprengstoffet kan videre inneholde en vann-avstøtende substans. Den vann-avstøtende substansen kan utgjøre 1-4 vekt% av sprengstoffet og er eventuelt kalsiumstearat, magnesiumstearat, polyvinylklorid eller blandinger derav. The explosive may also contain a water-repellent substance. The water-repellent substance can make up 1-4% by weight of the explosive and is possibly calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl chloride or mixtures thereof.
Igjen vil en effektiv mengde av denne substansen typiskAgain, an effective amount of this substance will typically
anvendes, og selv om den kan være til stede i mindre enn 1 vekt% eller mer enn 4 vekt% av sprengstoffet, vil den vanligvis utgjøre 1-3 vekt% derav. is used, and although it may be present in less than 1% by weight or more than 4% by weight of the explosive, it will usually constitute 1-3% by weight thereof.
Prills kan være porøse, idet pulverpartiklene er fastere porøse, d.v.s. prills kan være såkalte porøse prills, idet pulverpartiklene er ikke-porøse, f.eks. tett fint ammoniumnitrat, eller porøse, f.eks. malte, porøse ammoniumnitrat-prills. Prills can be porous, as the powder particles are more firmly porous, i.e. prills can be so-called porous prills, in that the powder particles are non-porous, e.g. dense fine ammonium nitrate, or porous, e.g. ground, porous ammonium nitrate prills.
Uten å være bundet til noen teori antar søkeren at pulverpartiklene virker minst delvis til å fylle hulrommene mellom prills i sprengstoffet, og derved motstå inntrengning av vann mellom prills når sprengstoffet eksponeres for vann, og virker til forbedring av sprengstoffets vann-motstandsevne, sammenlignet f.eks. med et sprengstoff som bare har prills og intet pulver, Without being bound to any theory, the applicant assumes that the powder particles act at least partially to fill the cavities between the prills in the explosive, thereby resisting the ingress of water between the prills when the explosive is exposed to water, and act to improve the water resistance of the explosive, compared e.g. e.g. with an explosive that has only prills and no powder,
og motstår nedbrytning av sprengstoffet ved kontakt med vann.and resists breakdown of the explosive on contact with water.
Ved sammensetning av sprengstoffet blandes ammoniumnitrat (prills og pulver) fortrinnsvis sammen for å danne en homogen blanding, fulgt av hydrokarbonbrenslet, som innblandes i ammoniumnitratet. De andre bestanddelene kan så innblandes. I stedet kan alle bestanddelene tilsettes samtidig og blandes til en homogen blanding. When composing the explosive, ammonium nitrate (prills and powder) is preferably mixed together to form a homogeneous mixture, followed by the hydrocarbon fuel, which is mixed into the ammonium nitrate. The other components can then be mixed in. Instead, all the ingredients can be added at the same time and mixed into a homogeneous mixture.
Sprengstoffet skal i bruk lades i borehull, og detoneres, f.eks. ved hjelp av en passende overdrager. Ved bruk kan sprengstoffet innen grenser eksponeres for vann, og kan lades i et vått borehull forutsatt at borehullet er av-vannet, fortrinnsvis like før ladning, idet sprengstoffet da motstår inntrengning av ytterligere vann i borehullet til i det minste en begrenset grad. In use, the explosive must be loaded into boreholes and detonated, e.g. by means of a suitable assignee. In use, the explosive can be exposed to water within limits, and can be charged in a wet borehole provided that the borehole is drained, preferably just before charging, as the explosive then resists the penetration of further water into the borehole to at least a limited extent.
Oppfinnelsen skal nå beskrives, som en illustrasjon, med henvisning til det følgende, ikke-begrensende eksempel: The invention will now be described, by way of illustration, with reference to the following, non-limiting example:
EksempelExample
En homogen blanding ble fremstilt av porøse ammoniumnitrat-prills og fast ammoniumnitratpulver, idet vektforholdet mellom prills og pulver er 60:40 og prills og pulver har følgende partikkelstørrelsefordelinger: A homogeneous mixture was prepared from porous ammonium nitrate prills and solid ammonium nitrate powder, the weight ratio between prills and powder being 60:40 and prills and powder having the following particle size distributions:
PrillsPrills
Pulver Powder
Dieselolje (brensel) ble så tilblandet til blandingen av prills og pulver inntil blandingen var homogen, og i denne ANFO-blandingen ble det så tilblandet guargummi som vann-blokkerende middel og kalsiumstearat som vann-avstøtende substans, inntil blandingen var homogen. Diesel oil (fuel) was then mixed into the mixture of prills and powder until the mixture was homogeneous, and into this ANFO mixture guar gum as a water-blocking agent and calcium stearate as a water-repellent substance were then mixed until the mixture was homogeneous.
Mengdene av bestanddeler var som følger:The amounts of ingredients were as follows:
Det således fremstilte, vann-resistente ANFO-sprengstoff ble funnet, når en ladning derav ble ladet i et stålrør med diameter 70 mm, å være i stand til detonering ved hjelp av en 150 g pentolitt-overdrager, og ble funnet å ha en detonasjonshastighet på 2500 m/sek. The water-resistant ANFO explosive thus prepared was found, when a charge thereof was loaded into a 70 mm diameter steel tube, to be capable of detonation by means of a 150 g pentolite overcoat, and was found to have a detonation velocity of at 2500 m/sec.
I lignende sprengstoffer inneholdende ammoniumnitrat-prills, dieselbrensel, et vann-blokkerende middel som f.eks. guargummi og en vann-avstøtende substans som f.eks. kalsiumstearat, er hovedmengden av sprengstoffet i form av en granulær, masse, idet prills mellom seg har tomme rom og kanaler som danner et porøst sammenbundet nettverk av rom i det indre av sprengstoffet. Vann som er i eller kommer inn i et borehull inneholdende sprengstoffladningen, kan bevege seg ved kapillær-virkning inn i disse rommene, og på uheldig måte påvirke sprengstoffets sprengegenskaper. Når hulrommene mellom prills i sprengstoffet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse i det vesentlige er fylt med pulver, motstås i motsetning til dette inntrengning av vann og/eller den forsinkes og mengden av vann som kan komme inn i hulrommene reduseres, hvorved nedbrytning av sprengstoffet ved eksponering for vann reduseres eller i det minste forsinkes. In similar explosives containing ammonium nitrate prills, diesel fuel, a water-blocking agent such as guar gum and a water-repellent substance such as calcium stearate, the bulk of the explosive is in the form of a granular mass, the prills having empty spaces and channels between them which form a porous interconnected network of spaces in the interior of the explosive. Water that is in or enters a borehole containing the explosive charge can move by capillary action into these spaces, and adversely affect the explosive's blasting properties. When the cavities between the prills in the explosive according to the present invention are essentially filled with powder, in contrast to this, the penetration of water is resisted and/or it is delayed and the amount of water that can enter the cavities is reduced, thereby breaking down the explosive upon exposure to water be reduced or at least delayed.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA865245 | 1986-07-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO872905D0 NO872905D0 (en) | 1987-07-13 |
| NO872905L true NO872905L (en) | 1988-01-15 |
Family
ID=25578483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO87872905A NO872905L (en) | 1986-07-14 | 1987-07-13 | ANFO EXPLOSIVES. |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU597680B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8703586A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1298973C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2192627B (en) |
| MW (1) | MW4987A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO872905L (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19649763A1 (en) * | 1996-11-30 | 1998-06-04 | Appenzeller Albert | Explosives for civil, especially mining purposes |
| RU2120929C1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1998-10-27 | Галкин Алексей Владимирович | Explosive composition (variants thereof) |
| RU2185354C1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-07-20 | Научно-техническая фирма "Взрывтехнология" | Explosive mixture |
| RU2209807C2 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-08-10 | ФГУП "Бийский олеумный завод" | Blended explosive material (options) |
| RU2209197C1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-07-27 | ООО Научно-техническая фирма "ВЗРЫВТЕХНОЛОГИЯ" | Explosive composition |
| CN103539594B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2016-04-06 | 湖北帅力化工有限公司 | Powder emulsified special explosive for explosively welding and preparation method thereof |
-
1987
- 1987-06-15 GB GB8713944A patent/GB2192627B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-06-26 MW MW49/87A patent/MW4987A1/en unknown
- 1987-07-02 AU AU75064/87A patent/AU597680B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-07-03 CA CA000541295A patent/CA1298973C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-13 NO NO87872905A patent/NO872905L/en unknown
- 1987-07-13 BR BR8703586A patent/BR8703586A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO872905D0 (en) | 1987-07-13 |
| CA1298973C (en) | 1992-04-21 |
| GB8713944D0 (en) | 1987-07-22 |
| BR8703586A (en) | 1988-03-22 |
| GB2192627B (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| MW4987A1 (en) | 1988-03-09 |
| GB2192627A (en) | 1988-01-20 |
| AU597680B2 (en) | 1990-06-07 |
| AU7506487A (en) | 1988-01-21 |
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