NO813744L - PROCEDURE FOR TWO-STEP COMBUSTION OF WOOD, Peat and similar fuels. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR TWO-STEP COMBUSTION OF WOOD, Peat and similar fuels.Info
- Publication number
- NO813744L NO813744L NO813744A NO813744A NO813744L NO 813744 L NO813744 L NO 813744L NO 813744 A NO813744 A NO 813744A NO 813744 A NO813744 A NO 813744A NO 813744 L NO813744 L NO 813744L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- combustion
- grate
- gas
- flue gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001722 flash pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012048 reactive intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/36—Fixed grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåteThe present invention relates to a method
ved fyring med vedbrensel. og andre lignende biobrensler som ikke er slaggdannende, som torv etc, i en brenselbeholder. Disse -brensler kjennetegnes også av et lavt askeinnhold og en rikelig produksjon av pyrolysegass ved oppheting med begrenset luft-tilgang allerede ved forholdsvis lave temperaturer. Den rest som dannes ved pyrolysen, er også meget reaktiv ved sluttforgassing og sluttforbrenning. when firing with wood fuel. and other similar biofuels that do not form slag, such as peat etc, in a fuel container. These fuels are also characterized by a low ash content and an abundant production of pyrolysis gas when heated with limited air access already at relatively low temperatures. The residue formed during pyrolysis is also very reactive during final gasification and final combustion.
Denne kategori av brensler er potensielt meget miljø-vennlig ikke minst beroende på et som oftest meget lavt svovelinnhold. Derimot inneholder brenslene organisk bundet nitrogen som gir nitrogenoxyder også ved.middels forbrenn-ingstemperaturer ved forbrenning av disse brensler. This category of fuel is potentially very environmentally friendly, not least due to the usually very low sulfur content. In contrast, the fuels contain organically bound nitrogen which gives nitrogen oxides also at medium combustion temperatures when burning these fuels.
De termokjemiske egenskaper som er blitt antydet . ovenfor, har hittil utgjort en komplikasjon. Den store produksjon av pyrolysegass allerede ved lave temperaturer fører til risiko for ukontrollerte utslipp av ' kref tfrembringende polyaromater og likeledes utfellinger av såkalt kreosot eller tjære i røkgangene. Skorstensbranner i hus som Opp-varmes med ved, har forårsaket store skader. The thermochemical properties that have been suggested. above, has so far been a complication. The large production of pyrolysis gas already at low temperatures leads to the risk of uncontrolled emissions of cancer-causing polyaromatics and likewise precipitation of so-called creosote or tar in the flues. Chimney fires in houses that are heated with wood have caused extensive damage.
I de seneste år er oppmerksomheten blitt rettet mot utslipp av kreftfrembringende stoffer ved forbrenning av såvel fossile brensler som biobrensler, som ved og torv. Risikoen for slike utslipp som følge av en ufullstendig forbrenning er givetvis spesielt stor ved fyring i liten skala med stykkformig brensel, f.eks. vedstykker, fra ovner som er primitive ut fra et forbrenningsteknisk synspunkt. In recent years, attention has been directed towards the release of cancer-causing substances from the burning of both fossil fuels and biofuels, such as wood and peat. The risk of such emissions as a result of incomplete combustion is of course particularly high when burning on a small scale with lumpy fuel, e.g. pieces of wood, from stoves that are primitive from a combustion technology point of view.
Et første formål med den foreliggende oppfinnelseA first object of the present invention
er å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte som muliggjør en fullstendig og miljøvennlig forbrenning, av spesielt ved, torv og brunkull også i liten skala for oppvarming av småhus etc. med små utslipp av nitrogenoxyder, kreftfrembringende stoffer og støv med et lavt luftoverskudd. is to provide a method that enables a complete and environmentally friendly combustion, especially of wood, peat and lignite, also on a small scale for heating single-family houses etc. with low emissions of nitrogen oxides, carcinogenic substances and dust with a low excess air.
Et annet formål er å tilveiebringe en hurtig reguler-Another purpose is to provide a rapid regulatory
ing av varmeeffekten innenfor vide grenser for tilpasning til det aktuelle behov. ing of the heating effect within wide limits for adaptation to the current need.
Et tredje formål er å tilveiebringe en høy virknings-grad og en høy sluttforbrenningstemperatur for god brensel- A third purpose is to provide a high degree of efficiency and a high final combustion temperature for good fuel
økonomi og effektiv utnyttelse av røkgassvarmen.economy and efficient utilization of the flue gas heat.
Et fjerde formål er . å oppnå de ovenfor angitte fordeler og egenskaper også ved fyring av brensel i form av større stykker, somkjeleved eller briketter. A fourth purpose is . to achieve the above-mentioned advantages and properties also when burning fuel in the form of larger pieces, such as boiler wood or briquettes.
Oppfinnelsen fører også til en rekke andre fordeler som vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelse. The invention also leads to a number of other advantages which will become apparent from the following description.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge o<p>pfinnelsen er blitt spesielt utviklet for biobrensler, som ved og torv, men den kan også tillempes for andre brensler, som brunkull etc. Fremgangsmåten er også spesielt egnet for fyring med kjele ved og vedstokker, men den kan også tillempes for flis og andre fin-delte brensler. Dimensjoneringen<p>g detaljutformningen kan lett tilpasses til det foretrukne brensel. The method according to the invention has been specially developed for biofuels, such as wood and peat, but it can also be applied to other fuels, such as lignite etc. The method is also particularly suitable for heating with boiler wood and logs, but it can also be applied for wood chips and other finely divided fuels. The dimensioning and detailed design can be easily adapted to the preferred fuel.
Oppfinnelsen bygger på en ny forbrenningsteknisk kom-binasjon. Det nye prinsipp muliggjør et nytt forbrennings-forløp som dels er tilpasset til de nevnte foretrukne brenslers spesielle egenskaper og.som dels oppfyller de ovenfor angitte ønskemål hva gjelder en fullstendig og effektiv forbrenning. The invention is based on a new combustion technology combination. The new principle enables a new combustion process which is partly adapted to the special properties of the aforementioned preferred fuels and which partly fulfills the above-mentioned objectives in terms of complete and efficient combustion.
Det har ikke manglet forsøk på å anvise metoder og ovner for effektiv og fullstendig forbrenning av vedbrensel ofte i samband med beholderforbrenning. Naturlige forholds-regler har vært forvarming av forbrenningsluften, tilførsel av sekundærluft i et spesielt flammeråm eller en utformning som gjør at de utviklede gasser tvinges gjennom herden. There has been no lack of attempts to prescribe methods and ovens for efficient and complete combustion of wood fuel, often in connection with container combustion. Natural precautions have been preheating the combustion air, supply of secondary air in a special flame chamber or a design which means that the developed gases are forced through the hearth.
Svensk patent 6251 beskriver således en ovn med en brenselbeholder og et rom som omgir denne for å forvarme forbrenningsluften. Veden synker i den stående brenselbeholder ned mot en horisontal rist med en askeskuff anordnet under risten. Swedish patent 6251 thus describes a furnace with a fuel container and a room surrounding this to preheat the combustion air. The wood sinks in the standing fuel container down towards a horizontal grate with an ash tray arranged under the grate.
Svensk patent 7454 beskriver tilførsel av primærluft til herden som er anordnet på en "vertikal rist, med sluttforbrenning ved tilførsel av sekundærluft. Swedish patent 7454 describes the supply of primary air to the hearth which is arranged on a "vertical grate, with final combustion by supply of secondary air.
Andre prinsipielt likeartede metoder og anordningerOther fundamentally similar methods and devices
er beskrevet i andre tidligere patentskrifter, som svenske: patenter 11515, 14383, 29004, 93704 etc. is described in other earlier patent documents, such as Swedish: patents 11515, 14383, 29004, 93704 etc.
Svensk patent 99156 beskriver forbrenning med omvendt befrolder. Forbrenningen skjer i en horisontal herd i brensel-1 chargens øvre del. Swedish patent 99156 describes combustion with an inverted fuel cell. Combustion takes place in a horizontal hearth in the upper part of the fuel-1 charge.
Svensk patent 99532 tilstreber eri fullstendig forbrenning med sekundærluft ved at ovnskammeret har én i forhold til dets lengde forholdsvis liten bredde slik at flammerommet får et spaltelignénde utseende. Svensk patent 148925 viser også hvorledes forvarmet luft tilføres for sluttforbrenning i et særskilt kammer som er anordnet foran det egentlige flammerom. Svensk patent 118540 beskriver et gass-flammeavløp som er sentralt anordnet i en vannavkjølt plan rist. Swedish patent 99532 strives for complete combustion with secondary air in that the furnace chamber has a relatively small width in relation to its length so that the flame chamber takes on a slit-like appearance. Swedish patent 148925 also shows how preheated air is supplied for final combustion in a special chamber which is arranged in front of the actual flame chamber. Swedish patent 118540 describes a gas flame drain which is centrally arranged in a water-cooled flat grate.
Ingen av disse kjente prinsipper tilfredsstiller de ovenfor angitte ønskemål såvel som den foreliggende oppfinnelse som angår en fremgangsmåte ved forbrenning av ikke-slaggdannende, gassrike, faste brensler, som ved, torv og' brunkullji en ovn med brenselbeholder for beholderfyring med en rist og et ristrom og et forbindende flammerom for forbrenning av brenselgass som forlater ristrommet,karakterisert vedat varm, resirkulert røkgass bringes i kontakt med brenslet i en smal forgassingssone i ristrommet for å danne en brenselgass som forbrennes i flammerommet. None of these known principles satisfy the above-mentioned desires as well as the present invention which relates to a method for burning non-slag-forming, gas-rich, solid fuels, such as wood, peat and brown coal, and a furnace with a fuel container for container firing with a grate and a grate chamber and a connecting flame chamber for combustion of fuel gas leaving the grate chamber, characterized in that hot, recycled flue gas is brought into contact with the fuel in a narrow gasification zone in the grate chamber to form a fuel gas which is combusted in the flame chamber.
Oppfinnelsen vil nu bli nærmere beskrevet ved hjelp av figurene 1, 2 og 3. The invention will now be described in more detail with the help of figures 1, 2 and 3.
Figur 1 viser helt skjematisk prinsippet for denFigure 1 schematically shows the principle for it
nye fremgangsmåte.new procedure.
Figur 2 viser en formålstjenelig ovn for å utføre frempgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, med utelukkelse av kon-struksjonsmessige detaljer. Figure 2 shows a useful oven for carrying out the method according to the invention, excluding constructional details.
Figur 3 viser i prinsippet andre utførelsesformerFigure 3 basically shows other embodiments
av ovner for fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen.of furnaces for the method according to the invention.
Figur 1 viser- eh brenselbeholder (1) med en rist (2) og det faste brensel (3). Varm røkgass<*>med en temperatur av over 200°C (4) fra flammerommet (5) tilføres til en smal forgassingssone (6) i og inntil risten (2) i ristrommet (7). ;Den brenselgass (8) som dannes ved,forgassingen av brenslet, strømmer mot spalten (9) ved ristens overkant (10) hvor den blandes med forbrenningsluft (11) for forbrenning i flammerommet (5) til røkgassen (12)^hvorved strømmen (4) resirkuleres mens resten av røkgassen (13) utnyttes.i varmevekslere etc. før den går over til skorstenen. ;Figur 2 viser prinsippet for en ovn for fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen i en foretrukkeri utførelsesform. ;Brenselbeholderen (1) som for et småhus kan ha en lengde på ca. 1 meter og et kvadratisk tverrsnitt på ca. ;0,2 x 0,2 meter, er nedentil avsluttet med risten (2j~sam-;er skråstilt henimot horisontalplanet.;Brenselbeholderen (1) inneholder brenselchargen (3), f.eks. vedstokker, som står på risten (2) . ;Det er ofte gunstig å anordne ytterligere en fortrinnsvis horisontalt anordnet planrist (14) for å fange opp ikke fullstendig sluttforbrent brensel som kan falle gjennom risten (2). Asken oppsamles i askeskuffen (15). ;Røkgasstrømmen som resirkuleres til forgassingssonen (6), avledes fra flammerommets øvre del via kanalen (16) som inneholder viften (17) og varmeveksleren (18) for gjenopp-varming av røkgasstrømmen. Røkgassen går derefter til innløpet (19) ved hjelp av et rørsystem (ikke vist) som er' forlagt til ovnens varmeste deler. ;Den dannede brenselgass strømmer oppad langs risten;(2) mot spalten eller innsnevringen (9). Spalten forbinder ristrommet (7) med flammerommet (5). ;Den varme røkgassstrøm inneholder nitrogen, carbon-dioxyd, vanndamp og en liten mengde oxygen. Oxygeninnholdet reguleres ved luft/brenselgassforholdét i flammerommet og ved eventuell ekstra tilførsel av resirkulert røkgass via ledningen (20) med spjeldet (21) og viften (22). (Se svensk patentsøknad 8001801-3). En meget hurtig pyrolyse og forgassing av brenslet finner sted i den smale forgassingssone. Pyrolyse- og forgassingsresten oxydefes av oxygenet i reaksjonsgassen. Organiske nitrogenforbindelser brytes ned til nitrogen. Det faste vedbrensel omvandles således til en miljøvennlig brenselgass. • ;Brenselgassen forbrennes i flammerommet (5) ved tilsetning av luft i eller inntil spalten hvor en intens om-blanding finner sted. F lamme romm e-t s areal øker derefter oppad, og dette forårsaker at partikkelformig materiale fraskilles. Flammerommet kan også inneholde ledeplater (23) for å be-virke en sirkelformig gassbevegelse. Ytterligere luft for sluttforbrenning og fortynning kan tilsettes i innløp som er tangensialt anordnet (24) for å frembringe en syklo nvirkning. ;Det er overraskende at kontakten mellom brensel og resirkulert varm røkgass vil danne en brenselgass som kan forbrennes fullstendig og miljøvennlig i flammerommet. Det er ikke mulig å gi en enkel forklaring på dette trekk. ;En nærmere analyse av forskjellene mellom oppfinn-elsesgjenstanden og andre prinsipper, f.eks. ifølge de oven-nevnte svenske patenter, vil imidlertid gi endel ledetråder. Ingen av disse kjente prinsipper gir den samme hurtige og intense forgassingsprosess i en liten sone kombinert med det særtrekk at all dannet gass hurtig avgår til flammerpmmet. ;Disse forhold som kan beskrives som flashpyrolyse/ forgassing i dette område ifølge de sistnevnte forklaringer, vil gi en brenselgass med en høyere varmeverdi og forbedrede forbrenningsegenskaper bl.a. beroende på et høyere methaninnhold. Pyrolysen blir også mer fullstendig med en mindre mengde pyrolyserester og er dessuten mer reaktiv ved forgassing og sluttforbrenning. ;Disse egnede forhold fås ikke i tidligere ovner som.;er særpregede ved en langsommere pyrolyseprosess og en lengre oppholdstid for den produserte gass med termokjémisk omvandling av primære pyrolyseprodukter henimot en likevekts-blanding. ;Oppfinnelsens tekniske virkning', den fullstendige forbrenning, kan selvfølgelig tilbakeføres .til brenselgassens forbrenningsegenskaper. Brenselgassens egenskaper kan ikke beskrives fullstendig ved hjelp av analyse av brenselgass-prøver. Gassen har en annen sammensetning straks efter pyro- • lyse- og forgassingsreaksjonene og kan inneholde reaktive mellomprodukter av forskjellig ty-pe, som ioner, radikaler etc. Flashpyrolysen og den korte 'oppholdstid som ligger innen området fra ca. 0,1 sekund eller derunder til et par sekunder, ;er av stor betydning for brenselgassens egenskaper. ;Reaksjonsmønsteret ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen med en reaksjonsgass fo"r* pyrolyse og forgassing og bestående av varm, resirkulert røkgass med et innhold av reaktive mellomprodukter, er fullstendig forskjellig fra f.eks. delvis bxydasjon med forvarmet luft. Temperaturen i den resirkulerte røkgass bør være over 200°C og kan fortrinnsvis oppgå til 550-750°C. En annen viktig omstendighet er det lave oxygeninnhold i den resirkulerte røkgass som ikke bør overskride ca. 10% og fortrinnsvis være under 2-3%. Et eventuelt tilskudd av luft bør avpasses til å gi dette nivå. Figure 1 shows the fuel container (1) with a grate (2) and the solid fuel (3). Hot flue gas<*>with a temperature of over 200°C (4) from the flame chamber (5) is supplied to a narrow gasification zone (6) in and next to the grate (2) in the grate chamber (7). The fuel gas (8), which is formed by the gasification of the fuel, flows towards the slot (9) at the top of the grate (10) where it is mixed with combustion air (11) for combustion in the flame chamber (5) to the flue gas (12), whereby the flow ( 4) is recycled while the rest of the flue gas (13) is utilized in heat exchangers etc. before it goes to the chimney. Figure 2 shows the principle of an oven for the method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment. ;The fuel container (1) which for a detached house can have a length of approx. 1 meter and a square cross-section of approx. ;0.2 x 0.2 metres, is finished below with the grate (2j~sam-;is inclined towards the horizontal plane.;The fuel container (1) contains the fuel charge (3), e.g. logs, which stand on the grate (2) . ;It is often beneficial to arrange an additional, preferably horizontally arranged planar grate (14) in order to capture incompletely burnt fuel that may fall through the grate (2). The ash is collected in the ash tray (15). ;The flue gas flow that is recycled to the gasification zone (6 ), is diverted from the upper part of the flame chamber via the channel (16) which contains the fan (17) and the heat exchanger (18) for reheating the flue gas stream. The flue gas then goes to the inlet (19) by means of a piping system (not shown) which is displaced to the hottest parts of the furnace. ;The fuel gas formed flows upwards along the grate; (2) towards the slot or constriction (9). The slot connects the grate space (7) with the flame space (5). ;The hot flue gas stream contains nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and a small amount of oxygen The oxygen content re is regulated by the air/fuel gas ratio in the flame chamber and by any additional supply of recycled flue gas via the line (20) with the damper (21) and the fan (22). (See Swedish patent application 8001801-3). A very rapid pyrolysis and gasification of the fuel takes place in the narrow gasification zone. The pyrolysis and gasification residue is oxidized by the oxygen in the reaction gas. Organic nitrogen compounds are broken down to nitrogen. The solid wood fuel is thus converted into an environmentally friendly fuel gas. • ;The fuel gas is burned in the flame chamber (5) by adding air in or near the gap where an intense re-mixing takes place. The area of the flame space then increases upwards, and this causes particulate matter to separate. The flame chamber can also contain guide plates (23) to effect a circular gas movement. Additional air for final combustion and dilution can be added in inlets which are tangentially arranged (24) to produce a cyclonic effect. ;It is surprising that the contact between fuel and recycled hot flue gas will form a fuel gas that can be burned completely and environmentally friendly in the flame chamber. It is not possible to give a simple explanation for this feature. A closer analysis of the differences between the subject of the invention and other principles, e.g. according to the above-mentioned Swedish patents, will however give some clues. None of these known principles gives the same rapid and intense gasification process in a small zone combined with the distinctive feature that all formed gas quickly leaves to the flame rpm. These conditions, which can be described as flash pyrolysis/gasification in this area according to the latter explanations, will produce a fuel gas with a higher heating value and improved combustion properties, e.g. depending on a higher methane content. The pyrolysis is also more complete with a smaller amount of pyrolysis residues and is also more reactive during gasification and final combustion. These suitable conditions are not obtained in earlier ovens which are characterized by a slower pyrolysis process and a longer residence time for the produced gas with thermochemical conversion of primary pyrolysis products towards an equilibrium mixture. The technical effect of the invention, the complete combustion, can of course be attributed to the combustion properties of the fuel gas. The properties of the fuel gas cannot be described completely by means of analysis of fuel gas samples. The gas has a different composition immediately after the pyrolysis • and gasification reactions and may contain reactive intermediates of different types, such as ions, radicals etc. The flash pyrolysis and the short 'residence time' which is within the range from approx. 0.1 second or less to a couple of seconds, is of great importance for the properties of the fuel gas. The reaction pattern in the process according to the invention with a reaction gas for pyrolysis and gasification and consisting of hot, recycled flue gas with a content of reactive intermediates is completely different from, for example, partial bxydation with preheated air. The temperature in the recycled flue gas should be above 200°C and can preferably amount to 550-750°C. Another important circumstance is the low oxygen content in the recycled flue gas, which should not exceed approx. 10% and preferably be below 2-3%. A possible addition of air should be adjusted to provide this level.
En meget liten del av brenselchargen tar hvert øye-blikk del i forgassingsprosessen. Prosessen kan beskrives A very small part of the fuel charge takes part in the gasification process every moment. The process can be described
ved at brenselchargen forbrennes som en sigar med dens glød mot risten. Dette forårsakes av det bemerkelsesverdige særtrekk at bare den nederste del av brenselchargen tar del i prosessen. Takket være dette kan oppvarmingseffekten hurtig omstilles fra spareeffekt til full effekt og vice versa. in that the fuel charge burns like a cigar with its glow against the grate. This is caused by the remarkable feature that only the bottom part of the fuel charge takes part in the process. Thanks to this, the heating effect can be quickly switched from saving effect to full effect and vice versa.
Forbrenningsprosessen reguleres selvfølgelig ved re-gulert tilførsel av reaksjonsgassen, f.eks. luft,og den resirkulerte forbrenningsgass. Det er i alminnelighet ønsket å arbeide med et så lavt overskudd av luft som mulig. Det er mulig å arbeide nær et støkiometrisk lufttilskudd ved om-hyggelig innstilling av prosessbetingelsene. The combustion process is of course regulated by regulated supply of the reaction gas, e.g. air, and the recycled combustion gas. It is generally desired to work with as little excess air as possible. It is possible to work close to a stoichiometric air addition by carefully adjusting the process conditions.
Ved enklere utførelsesformer med naturlig trekk og manuell regulering av spjeld under konstante arbeidsbe-tingelser vil observasjonsvinduer inn til rist- hhv., flammerommet he-r hjelpetil med innstillingen av lufttilførselen. In the case of simpler designs with natural draft and manual regulation of dampers under constant working conditions, observation windows into the grate or the flame chamber will help with the setting of the air supply.
Et røkgasstermometer og en visuell bedømmelse av forbrennings-gassen som forlater skorstenen, gir ytterligere informasjon for.manuell drift. A flue gas thermometer and a visual assessment of the combustion gas leaving the chimney provide additional information for manual operation.
Den geometriske anordning av den skråstilterist, den tynne spalte, og det forbindende flammerom utgjør en meget nyttig ovnskonstruksjon for utførelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. Oppfinnelsen er derfor ikke begrenset til disse geometriske krav. Den'snevre forgassingssone og den korte og intense kontakten mellom varm, resirkulert røkgass og brensel kan også oppnås med andre utførelsesformer av ovnen som vist på figur 3. Figur 3a viser således en horisontal fofgassingssone (6), hvorved risten (2) har en avlang form slik at brenselgassens oppholdstid i forgassingssonen blir kort. Figur 3b viser en vertikal forgassingssone, (6) og figur 3c en brenselbeholder som nedad er avsluttet med en dobbeltrist for å frembringe to- motstående forgassingssbner. Symbolene i figur 3a, b og c er de samme som i figur 1 og 2. The geometrical arrangement of the slanted grate, the thin slit, and the connecting flame chamber constitute a very useful furnace construction for carrying out the method according to the invention. The invention is therefore not limited to these geometric requirements. The narrow gasification zone and the short and intense contact between hot, recycled flue gas and fuel can also be achieved with other designs of the furnace as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a thus shows a horizontal degassing zone (6), whereby the grate (2) has an oblong shape so that the residence time of the fuel gas in the gasification zone is short. Figure 3b shows a vertical gasification zone, (6) and Figure 3c a fuel container which is terminated downwards with a double grate to produce two opposite gasification sections. The symbols in figure 3a, b and c are the same as in figures 1 and 2.
Oppfinnelsens tekniske virkninger kan illustreres ved hjelp av det følgende eksempel. Brenselgassens methaninnhold er en god indikator på gassens egenskaper. To-trinnsforbrenning kan finne sted i en ovn ifølge figur 2 - som forøvrig er gjenstand for en samtidig patentsøknad (svensk patentsøknad 8001801-3) - enten med tilsetning av forvarmet luft til for-, gassingssonen som er beskrevet i den- nevnte samtidig inn-leverte patentsøknad, eller med tilsetning av varm resirkulert røkgass. Den resirkulerte røkgass har. en temperatur av ca. 750°C og et oxygeninnhold av 2% .Luften for den delvise forbrenning ved kontrollforsøket forvarmes til 150°C. Methaninn-holdet i brenselgassen er 0,02 Nm 3/kg brensel ved kontrollfor-søket og mer enn to ganger så høyt, 0,05 Nm 3/kg.brensel, med resirkulert varm røkgass. The technical effects of the invention can be illustrated with the help of the following example. The fuel gas's methane content is a good indicator of the gas's properties. Two-stage combustion can take place in a furnace according to Figure 2 - which, incidentally, is the subject of a simultaneous patent application (Swedish patent application 8001801-3) - either with the addition of preheated air to the pre-gassing zone, which is described in the aforementioned simultaneous in- submitted patent application, or with the addition of hot recycled flue gas. The recycled flue gas has. a temperature of approx. 750°C and an oxygen content of 2%. The air for the partial combustion in the control experiment is preheated to 150°C. The methane content in the fuel gas is 0.02 Nm 3/kg fuel in the control experiment and more than twice as high, 0.05 Nm 3/kg fuel, with recycled hot flue gas.
Oppfinnelsen kan anvendes i forbindelse med en lang rekke forskjellige brensler ved å forandre eksisterende ovner eller ved nykonstruksjon slik at ovnen tilpasses betingelsene for den nye metode. Det bør ikke være vanskelig for fagmannen, som kjenner til den foreliggende oppfinnelsesidé og teknikkens stand innen forbrenningsteknologi å konstruere, produsere og anvende ovner for den nye fremgangsmåte slik at han vil bli istand til å oppnå de store fordeler ved oppfinnelsen, spesielt en fullstendig forbrenning av faste brensler på miljøvennlig måte. The invention can be used in connection with a large number of different fuels by changing existing ovens or by new construction so that the oven is adapted to the conditions of the new method. It should not be difficult for the person skilled in the art, who knows the present invention idea and the state of the art in combustion technology to design, manufacture and use furnaces for the new method so that he will be able to achieve the great advantages of the invention, in particular a complete combustion of solid fuels in an environmentally friendly way.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8001803 | 1980-03-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO813744L true NO813744L (en) | 1981-11-05 |
Family
ID=20340450
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO813744A NO813744L (en) | 1980-03-07 | 1981-11-05 | PROCEDURE FOR TWO-STEP COMBUSTION OF WOOD, Peat and similar fuels. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0054546A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO813744L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1981002620A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2160309A (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1985-12-18 | Geoffrey Asprey | Boiler |
| AT389378B (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1989-11-27 | Oestreicher Purator | Method for operating a two-stage waste incineration plant and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| FI107352B (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-07-13 | Turun Muurausurakointi Oy | Boiler to burn solid fuel and process for conducting gases therein |
| WO2013126021A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | Inovatika D.O.O. | Permanent burning fireplace-type furnace |
| IT201700019608A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Valentinotti Maurzio | FOCULAR GROUP FOR BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FOR HOUSEHOLD STOVES |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US943182A (en) * | 1907-08-03 | 1909-12-14 | William John Crossley | Apparatus for the manufacture of producer-gas. |
| FR992528A (en) * | 1944-06-29 | 1951-10-19 | Further development of heat generators using solid fuels |
-
1981
- 1981-03-06 WO PCT/SE1981/000072 patent/WO1981002620A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-03-06 EP EP81900629A patent/EP0054546A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-11-05 NO NO813744A patent/NO813744L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0054546A1 (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| WO1981002620A1 (en) | 1981-09-17 |
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