NO813284L - PROCEDURE FOR SETTING OF METALLIC WORKS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR SETTING OF METALLIC WORKSInfo
- Publication number
- NO813284L NO813284L NO813284A NO813284A NO813284L NO 813284 L NO813284 L NO 813284L NO 813284 A NO813284 A NO 813284A NO 813284 A NO813284 A NO 813284A NO 813284 L NO813284 L NO 813284L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- pressure fluctuations
- gas mixture
- furnace
- carbon
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 11
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte for settherdingThe invention relates to a method for set hardening
av metalliske arbeidsstykker, hvor disse ved høye temperaturer utsettes for innvirkning av en carbonholdig gassblanding i en ovn. of metallic workpieces, where these are exposed at high temperatures to the impact of a carbonaceous gas mixture in a furnace.
Settherding er en metode for varmebehandling avSet hardening is a method of heat treatment of
metaller i nærvær av en carbonholdig hhv. nitrogenholdig gassblanding, hvor et metallisk arbeidsstykkes randskikt behandles termokjemisk med carbon og eventuelt nitrogen (oppkulling hhv. carbonitrering). Ved varmebehandlingen metals in the presence of a carbonaceous or nitrogen-containing gas mixture, where the edge layer of a metallic workpiece is thermochemically treated with carbon and possibly nitrogen (carburizing or carbonitriding). During the heat treatment
blir arbeidsstykkets kjemiske sammensetning forandret påthe chemical composition of the workpiece is changed
grunn av inn- eller utdiffundering av carbon hhv. nitrogen. due to diffusion in or out of carbon or nitrogen.
Transporten av det gassformige oppkullingsmiddel til arbeidsstykket kan f.eks. ved anvendelse av en hurtig opp-kullende gassatmosfære utgjøre det hastighetsbestemmende trinn av oppkullingsforløpet. Spesielt i forbindelse med tettpakkede charger, bulkgods eller geometrisk ugunstige deler fås da ikke lenger en tilstrekkelig hurtig transport The transport of the gaseous carburizing agent to the workpiece can e.g. when using a fast-carburizing gas atmosphere constitute the rate-determining step of the carburizing process. Particularly in connection with tightly packed chargers, bulk goods or geometrically unfavorable parts, a sufficiently fast transport is then no longer available
■til de «begunstigede arbeidsstykkeoverflater, og dette fører til en utilstrekkelig oppkulling (f.eks. for tannhjul i tanngropen) hhv. til myke flekker. ■to the "favored workpiece surfaces, and this leads to insufficient carburization (e.g. for gears in the tooth pit) or to soft spots.
Hittil er det blitt forsøkt å unngå disse ugunstige oppkullingsresultater ved hjelp av optimale konstruksjoner av luftesysternet hhv. ved å øke gassgjennomløpsmengden. Until now, attempts have been made to avoid these unfavorable carbonization results by means of optimal constructions of the aeration system or by increasing the gas flow rate.
Det er dessuten kjent å tilsette oppkullingsmidlet, f.eks. methan, i perioder til gassatmosfæren som anvendes for varmebehandlingen. Ved denne "periodiske oppkulling" It is also known to add the carbonizing agent, e.g. methane, in periods to the gas atmosphere used for the heat treatment. At this "periodic coaling"
blir oppkullingsmidlet tilsatt i to eller tre tidsperioder som er avbrutt av pauser i løpet av hvilke intet oppkullingsmiddel tilføres og diffusjonen av carbonet hhv. nitro-genet inn i det metalliske arbeidsstykkes randområde finner sted. I forhold til varmebehandlingens varighet varer disse perioder forholdsvis lenge (fra noen minutter til ca. 1 the carburizing agent is added in two or three time periods which are interrupted by breaks during which no carburizing agent is added and the diffusion of the carbon or the nitro gene into the edge area of the metallic workpiece takes place. In relation to the duration of the heat treatment, these periods last relatively long (from a few minutes to approx. 1
time).hour).
Ved hjelp av de kjente forholdsregler kan det imidlertid ikke med sikkerhet utelukkes at det i chargen danner seg dødrom i hvilke oppkullingsmidlet blir bare langsomt ut-byttet. With the help of the known precautions, however, it cannot be ruled out with certainty that dead spaces form in the charge in which the carburizing agent is only slowly replaced.
.i .in
Det tas derfor ved oppfinnelsen sikte på å tilveie bringe en fremgangsmåte av den ovenfor angitte type, hvor en jevn overflatekvalitet for alle behandlede metalliske arbeidsstykker oppnås ved hjelp av varmebehandlingen. The invention therefore aims to provide a method of the above-mentioned type, where a uniform surface quality for all treated metallic workpieces is achieved by means of the heat treatment.
Denne oppgave løses ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at detAccording to the invention, this task is solved by
i gassblandingen fremkalles trykksvingninger med en periode som er vesentlig kortere enn varigheten av varmebehandlingen. pressure fluctuations are induced in the gas mixture with a period that is significantly shorter than the duration of the heat treatment.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen blir en gassbevegelse fremtvunget under varmebehandlingsprosesserv ved-å benytte stadige trykk-vekslinger for den samlede atmosfære og derved også i nær-heten av geometrisk ugunstige metålldeler. På grunn av trykkvekslingen innstiller det seg en vidtgående homogen gassatmosfære i alle områder av ovnen. Transporten av oppkullingsmidlet hhv. carbonitreringsmidlet til arbeids- According to the invention, a gas movement is forced during the heat treatment process by using constant pressure changes for the overall atmosphere and thereby also in the vicinity of geometrically unfavorable metal parts. Due to the pressure exchange, a widely homogeneous gas atmosphere is established in all areas of the furnace. The transport of the decarburizing agent or the carbonitriding agent for working
stykket finner derfor jevnt og tilstrekkelig hurtig sted til alle steder av arbeidsstykket som skal behandles, slik at carbonpotensialet under oppkullingsforløpet har nesten samme verdi på alle steder av arbeidsstykkets overflate. the piece therefore finds its place uniformly and sufficiently quickly to all parts of the workpiece to be processed, so that the carbon potential during the carburizing process has almost the same value at all parts of the workpiece's surface.
En utilstrekkelig oppkulling av ubegunstigede arbeidsstykkeoverflater hhv. en for sterk oppkulling av begunstigede arbeidsstykkeoverflater blir derfor unngått. Da en jevn oppkulling hhv. carbonitrering finner sted på alle over-flateområder, må det ikke lenger tas hensyn.til en sotut-skillelse på geometrisk foretrukne steder når en viss opp-kullings- hhv. oppnitreringsdybde skal oppnås på ugunstige steder. Randsonens beskaffenhet for de arbeidsstykker som er blitt behandlet ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte, blir av denne grunn forbedret da det er overflødig å tilføre oxygen til disse for å ta hånd om sotavsetninger. Insufficient carburizing of unfavorable workpiece surfaces or a too strong carburization of favored workpiece surfaces is therefore avoided. Then an even carbonization or carbonitriding takes place on all surface areas, account must no longer be taken of a soot separation at geometrically preferred locations when a certain amount of carbonization or depth of nitriding must be achieved in unfavorable locations. The condition of the edge zone for the workpieces that have been treated by the present method is therefore improved, as it is unnecessary to add oxygen to these to take care of soot deposits.
Foruten en forbedret oppkulling fås ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte også en forkortelse av den samlede opp-kullingsprosess da et høyt carbonpotensialfall oppnås mellom arbeidsstykkets overflate og arbeidsstykkets kjerne og dette potensialfall dessuten virker som drivende dif-fus jonskraft./In addition to an improved carburization, the present method also results in a shortening of the overall carburization process as a high carbon potential drop is achieved between the surface of the workpiece and the core of the workpiece and this potential drop also acts as a driving diffusion force./
Det er prinsipielt mulig å fremskaffe trykksving-It is in principle possible to obtain pressure swings
ningene ved hjelp av egnede innretninger, f.eks. et beveg-the nings using suitable devices, e.g. a move
bart stempel med et slagvolum som er avpasset i forhold til ovnens størrelse. Ifølge en fordelaktig utførelsesform av bare piston with a stroke volume that is adapted to the size of the stove. According to an advantageous embodiment of
den foreliggende fremgangsmåte dannes imidlertid gassblandingen av minst to komponenter, idet trykksvingningene fremskaffes ved pulserende tilførsel av én av komponentene eller ved pulserende tilførsel av hver av flere komponenter til ovnen. in the present method, however, the gas mixture is formed from at least two components, the pressure fluctuations being produced by pulsating supply of one of the components or by pulsating supply of each of several components to the furnace.
Disse fremgangsmåtevarianter er spesielt gunstige når ovnsatmosfæren dannes utenfor ovnen av to eller flere komponenter som lagres separat og blandes under overtrykk og innføres i ovnen. Hver av de enkelte gasskomponenter kan innblandes pulserende i de øvrige komponenter ved enkel åpning og lukking av de angjeldende :ffoTfå.dsledninger. For dette formål er det for hver komponent bare nødvendig med ett stengeorgan som eventuelt kan betjenes automatisk. These method variants are particularly advantageous when the furnace atmosphere is formed outside the furnace from two or more components that are stored separately and mixed under positive pressure and introduced into the furnace. Each of the individual gas components can be pulsatingly mixed into the other components by simply opening and closing the relevant :ffoTfå.ds lines. For this purpose, only one closing device is required for each component, which can possibly be operated automatically.
Ifølge en utførelsesform av disse fremgangsmåtevarianter hvor gassblandingen dannes av en inert bærergass, en carbon- og/eller nitrogenholdig gass : og en oxygenholdig gass, fremskaffes trykksvingningene ved pulserende tilsetning av den inerte bærergass og/eller den carbon- og/eller nitrogenholdige gass og/eller den oxygenholdige gass. Det er derved mulig å velge amplityde og frekvens for trykksvingningene forskjellig for de enkelte gasskomponenter. Således kan trykksvingningene for den inerte bærergass avpasses slik at det i ovnen fås en jevn gassbevegelse som bl.a. er avhengig av ovnens størrelse, mens trykksvingningene for den carbon- hhv. nitrogenholdige gass primært avpasses for i tilstrekkelig mengde å tilveiebringe det nødvendige carbon hhv. nitrogen for settherdingen. According to an embodiment of these method variants where the gas mixture is formed by an inert carrier gas, a carbon- and/or nitrogen-containing gas: and an oxygen-containing gas, the pressure fluctuations are produced by pulsating addition of the inert carrier gas and/or the carbon- and/or nitrogen-containing gas and/ or the oxygen-containing gas. It is thereby possible to choose the amplitude and frequency of the pressure fluctuations differently for the individual gas components. Thus, the pressure fluctuations for the inert carrier gas can be adjusted so that a smooth gas movement is obtained in the oven, which i.a. depends on the size of the furnace, while the pressure fluctuations for the carbon or nitrogen-containing gas is primarily adapted to provide in sufficient quantity the necessary carbon or nitrogen for the set curing.
Ved utførelsen av den foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan med fordel et hydrocarbon med flere enn ett carbonatom anvendes som carbonholdig gass. Slike hydrocarboner blir ustabile ved de temperaturer som hersker i ovnen, og spaltes til flere gassformige radikaler. På grunn av det konstante ovnsvolum adfølges spaltningen av en trykkøkning som blir høyere jo flere radikaler som dannes. Denne virkning over-lagrer de trykksvingninger som frembringes ved hjelp av den pulserende tilførsel, og forsterker disse svingninger. Ifølge en fordelaktig utførelsesform av den forelig gende fremgangsmåte blir trykksvingninger fremskaffet i gassblandingen som arbeidsstykkene som skal behandles utsettes for, ved at stengeanordninger som avtetter ovnsrommet, f.eks. eksplosjonsspjeld, åpnes og lukkes. Gassblandingen som befinner seg under overtrykk i ovnen, trykkavspennes til atmosfæretrykk ved åpning og bringes igjen til overtrykk efter stengningen. When carrying out the present method, a hydrocarbon with more than one carbon atom can advantageously be used as carbonaceous gas. Such hydrocarbons become unstable at the temperatures that prevail in the oven, and split into several gaseous radicals. Due to the constant furnace volume, the cleavage is followed by a pressure increase which becomes higher the more radicals are formed. This effect superimposes the pressure fluctuations produced by means of the pulsating supply, and amplifies these fluctuations. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present method, pressure fluctuations are produced in the gas mixture to which the workpieces to be treated are exposed, by closing devices that seal the furnace space, e.g. explosion damper, opens and closes. The gas mixture, which is under overpressure in the furnace, is decompressed to atmospheric pressure when opening and brought back to overpressure after closing.
Ifølge et særtrekk ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte blir trykksvingningenes frekvens regulert i avhengighet av ovnsatmosfærens innhold av methan og/eller hydrogen og/eller sot. According to a special feature of the present method, the frequency of the pressure fluctuations is regulated depending on the content of methane and/or hydrogen and/or soot in the furnace atmosphere.
Nedenfor er to forsøk beskrevet i forbindelse med det vedheftede diagram, og resultatet av disse forsøk viser tydelig de forbedringer som oppnås ved hjelp avden foreliggende fremgangsmåte (forsøk 1) sammenlignet med den kjente fremgangsmåte (forsøk 2). Two experiments are described below in connection with the attached diagram, and the results of these experiments clearly show the improvements achieved by means of the present method (experiment 1) compared to the known method (experiment 2).
For begge forsøk ble de følgende parametre ikke forandret: For both experiments, the following parameters were not changed:
Bare arten av propantilførselen ble variert: Only the nature of the propane supply was varied:
For forsøk 1: Propantilførsel Im<3>i løpet av 2 timer pul serende 15 s propantilførsel (ovnsovertrykk 90 mbar) For experiment 1: Propane supply Im<3> during 2 hours pul 15 s propane supply (furnace overpressure 90 mbar)
60 s ingen propantilførsel (trykk 3 m bar)60 s no propane supply (pressure 3 m bar)
For forsøk 2: Propantilførsel lm 3 i 2 timer jevnFor test 2: Propane supply ch 3 for 2 hours evenly
ingen trykksvingninger (trykk 40 m bar)no pressure fluctuations (pressure 40 m bar)
Den forskjellige oppkullingsvirkning ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte og den kjente fremgangsmåte blir tydelig dersom herdeforløpet for sylindriske dobbelttannhjul (materiale 16 MCr5) betraktes som ved forsøk 1 ble sett-herdet i overensstemmelse med den foreliggende fremgangsmåte og ved forsøk 2 i overensstemmelse med den kjente fremgangsmåte. Tegningen viser at på målestedet Ml var herdedybden ved forsøk 1 (kurve 1) større enn ved forsøk 2 (kurve 2). The different carburizing effect of the present method and the known method becomes clear if the hardening process for cylindrical double gears (material 16 MCr5) is considered as in test 1 it was set-hardened in accordance with the present method and in test 2 in accordance with the known method. The drawing shows that at the measuring point Ml the hardening depth was greater in trial 1 (curve 1) than in trial 2 (curve 2).
Den forskjellige oppkullingsvirkning ved de to frem-gangsmåter blir ennu tydeligere dersom herdeforløpet måles på det geometrisk ugunstige målested M2. Herdeforløpet på målestedet M2 for et sylindrisk tannhjul fra forsøk 1 svarer til kurven 2, men ved forsøk 2 ble derimot ingen herding til over 416 HV oppnådd på målestedet M2. The different carburizing effect of the two methods becomes even clearer if the hardening process is measured at the geometrically unfavorable measuring point M2. The hardening course at measuring point M2 for a cylindrical gear from test 1 corresponds to curve 2, but in test 2, on the other hand, no hardening to over 416 HV was achieved at measuring point M2.
Det kan derfor konkluderes med at ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte fås ikke bare en hurtigere, men også en forbedret, oppkulling, spesielt på geometrisk ugunstige steder. It can therefore be concluded that with the present method not only a faster, but also an improved, coaling is obtained, especially in geometrically unfavorable places.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803038082 DE3038082A1 (en) | 1980-10-08 | 1980-10-08 | METHOD FOR USEFUL METAL WORKPIECES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO813284L true NO813284L (en) | 1982-04-13 |
Family
ID=6113954
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO813284A NO813284L (en) | 1980-10-08 | 1981-09-28 | PROCEDURE FOR SETTING OF METALLIC WORKS |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0049531B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATA539780A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU542462B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8102151A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3038082A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK433081A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES505892A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO813284L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812499B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3146042A1 (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-05-26 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | METHOD FOR USEFUL METAL WORKPIECES |
| FR2586259B1 (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-10-30 | Air Liquide | QUICK CEMENTATION PROCESS IN A CONTINUOUS OVEN |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE618026C (en) * | 1932-08-28 | 1935-08-30 | Ewald Hanus | Method of cementing iron and steel |
| FR835931A (en) * | 1938-03-30 | 1939-01-05 | Process for the gas carburizing of steel parts | |
| DE1041067B (en) * | 1955-12-06 | 1958-10-16 | Elino Ind Ofenbau Carl Hanf & | Process for carburizing, nitriding or carbonitriding of steel parts |
| DE2624828C2 (en) * | 1976-06-03 | 1985-08-14 | Alco Standard Corp., Valley Forge | Method and furnace for carrying out a heat treatment of workpieces |
| DE2851982A1 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-12 | Degussa | Control of gas carburising at low pressures - involves pumping gas out of vacuum furnace and replacing it after it has decomposed by specific amt. |
-
1980
- 1980-10-08 DE DE19803038082 patent/DE3038082A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-03 AT AT0539780A patent/ATA539780A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1981
- 1981-04-07 AU AU69155/81A patent/AU542462B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-04-09 BR BR8102151A patent/BR8102151A/en unknown
- 1981-04-15 ZA ZA00812499A patent/ZA812499B/en unknown
- 1981-09-28 NO NO813284A patent/NO813284L/en unknown
- 1981-09-30 ES ES505892A patent/ES505892A0/en active Granted
- 1981-09-30 DK DK433081A patent/DK433081A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-10-07 DE DE8181108035T patent/DE3170867D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-07 EP EP81108035A patent/EP0049531B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3038082A1 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| ATA539780A (en) | 1982-04-15 |
| ZA812499B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| EP0049531A1 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| DE3170867D1 (en) | 1985-07-11 |
| AU6915581A (en) | 1982-04-22 |
| ES8206641A1 (en) | 1982-09-01 |
| EP0049531B1 (en) | 1985-06-05 |
| AU542462B2 (en) | 1985-02-21 |
| ES505892A0 (en) | 1982-09-01 |
| DK433081A (en) | 1982-04-09 |
| BR8102151A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
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