NO810951L - PROCEDURE TO REDUCE PAULING BOILER CORROSION - Google Patents
PROCEDURE TO REDUCE PAULING BOILER CORROSIONInfo
- Publication number
- NO810951L NO810951L NO810951A NO810951A NO810951L NO 810951 L NO810951 L NO 810951L NO 810951 A NO810951 A NO 810951A NO 810951 A NO810951 A NO 810951A NO 810951 L NO810951 L NO 810951L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- boiler
- pauling
- procedure
- flange
- storage flange
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/88—Concentration of sulfuric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Fremgangsmåte til nedsettelse av korrosjon på. Pauling-kjeler ved mest mulig jevn oppvarming av kjelen, spesielt i området over og under opplagringsflen sen, idet den jevne oppvarming, f. eks. foregår ved hjelp av innbygninger i veggen som omgir kjelen.Procedure for reducing corrosion on. Pauling boilers by heating the boiler as evenly as possible, especially in the area above and below the storage flange, as the even heating, e.g. takes place by means of recesses in the wall that surrounds the boiler.
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte til nedsettelse av korrosjonen på Paul ing-kjeler, med.mest mulig jevn oppvarming av kjelen, spesielt i innholdet over og under opplæringsflens§n. The invention relates to a method for reducing the corrosion of Pauling boilers, with as uniform heating of the boiler as possible, especially in the contents above and below the training flange.
Ved mange industrielle fremgangsmåter, fremkommer mer eller mindre med andre stoffer forurenset svovelsyre i de forskjelligste konsentrasjoner. Disse syrer må for det meste føre en videreanvendelse opparbeides, d.v.s. oppkonsentreres og eventuelt renses. In many industrial processes, more or less contaminated sulfuric acid with other substances appears in the most varied concentrations. These acids mostly have to be processed for further use, i.e. concentrated and possibly purified.
I den kjente Pulingsfremgangsmåten (sml. Ullmann, Enzyklopådie der technischen Chemie, 3-opplag, 15 bind, 1964.» side 4-4-3) opp konsentreres svovelsyren i utenifra oppvarmede støpekjeler under normal-trykk, og renses, eventuelt under tilsetning av salpetersyre. In the well-known Pulings method (cf. Ullmann, Enzyklopådie der technischen Chemie, 3-edition, 15 volumes, 1964» page 4-4-3) the sulfuric acid is concentrated in externally heated cast irons under normal pressure, and purified, possibly with the addition of nitric acid.
Denne fremgangsmåte er teknisk relativt enkelt gjennomførbar, har imidlertid vesentlige ulemper. Ved normal drift danner det seg nemlig på kjelens indre vegg i høyde med væskespeilet en korro s j on sr ing.. Kjeleveggen blir altså etter hvert stadig tynnere, således at den regelmessig må inspiseres. Videre må kjelen etter en driftstid på normalt ca. 2 til 3 år, utveksles med en ny. This method is technically relatively simple to implement, but has significant disadvantages. During normal operation, a corrosion ring forms on the inner wall of the boiler at the height of the liquid level. The boiler wall therefore gradually becomes thinner, so that it must be regularly inspected. Furthermore, after an operating time of normally approx. 2 to 3 years, exchange with a new one.
Overraskende ble det må funnet at den økede korrosjon vesentlig kan nedsettes når kjelen i høyde på opplagringsflensen, og da dermed i høyde av væskespeilet oppvarmes jevn-est mulig. Surprisingly, it must have been found that the increased corrosion can be significantly reduced when the boiler at the height of the storage flange, and thus at the height of the liquid mirror, is heated as evenly as possible.
Oppfinnelsens gjenstand er derfor en fremgangsmåte til å nedsette korrosjonen av Pauling-kjeler, idet fremgangsmåten erkarakterisert vedat kjelen oppvarmes jevnt til området for opplagringsflensen. The object of the invention is therefore a method for reducing the corrosion of Pauling boilers, the method being characterized by heating the boiler evenly to the area of the storage flange.
I følge oppfinnel sen ..oppvarme s kjelen altså således at kjeleveggens temperatur oyer opplagringsflensen pg kjeleveggens temperatur under opplagringflensen er likest mulig. According to the invention, the boiler is therefore heated so that the temperature of the boiler wall exceeds the storage flange because the temperature of the boiler wall below the storage flange is as close as possible.
Dette tydliggjøres på fig. 1 skjematisk ved T 1 og T^.This is made clear in fig. 1 schematically at T 1 and T^.
I følge oppfinnelsen føres varme- resp. røkgassene ved hjelp av egnede innbygninger som f. eks. føringsblikk i form av to-delt støpering med noe større indre diameter enn kjelen, According to the invention, heat or the flue gases with the help of suitable installations such as guide plate in the form of a two-part casting with a slightly larger inner diameter than the boiler,
og tydelig mindre enn flen se-ytterkanten, og spesielt formede and distinctly smaller than the flen se outer edge, and specially shaped
stener, sml. fig 2a og 2b, inn i murverket som tjener til understøttelse av støpekjelen, således at de også opptrer direkte på kjeleveggen mellom opplagringsflense og dekkflense i deres samlede området. Ved denne spesielle føring av varm-gassene, unngåes de hittil bestående temperatur-differenser og det oppnåes en mindre temperaturøkning over kjeleopplagrings-flensen. Samme formal som føringsblikk eller spesiélt formede stener oppfyller f. eks. også en støpering som innlegges i murverket, eller også med en "nese" utstyrt formsten. Prinsipielt er det også mulig å utstyre en rundt kjelen for-løpende opplagringsflens, tilsvarende utsparinger, dette omfatter imidlertid støpetekniske fremstillingsproblemer. stones, etc. fig 2a and 2b, into the masonry which serves to support the casting boiler, so that they also appear directly on the boiler wall between the storage flange and the cover flange in their combined area. With this special routing of the hot gases, the hitherto existing temperature differences are avoided and a smaller temperature increase above the boiler storage flange is achieved. The same formalities as guide tin or specially shaped stones fulfill e.g. also a casting ring that is inserted into the masonry, or also with a "nose" equipped formstone. In principle, it is also possible to equip a storage flange extending around the boiler, corresponding to recesses, this, however, involves casting manufacturing problems.
Temperaturavhengigheten av angrepet av konsentrert svovelsyre på gråstøp i området fra ca. 15 til ca. 300°C er kjent (DECHEMA-Werkstoff-Tabelle, Chemische Beståndigkeit, Schwefelsåure, des. 1969). Ifølge denne tabell gjennomløpes The temperature dependence of the attack of concentrated sulfuric acid on gray cast iron in the range from approx. 15 to approx. 300°C is known (DECHEMA-Werkstoff-Tabelle, Chemische Beståndigkeit, Schwefelsåure, Dec. 1969). According to this table is completed
et korrosjonsmaksimum med ca. 215°C. Over en temperatur påa corrosion maximum of approx. 215°C. Above a temperature of
ca. 220°C er den omtalte korrosjonsavtagning såAliten at det ekstrapolasjon av 1itteraturverdien til den konsentrerte svovel-syres kokepunkt ikke var å vente noen betraktelig forbedring av konsentrasjonsforholdet. about. At 220°C, the mentioned corrosion reduction is so small that the extrapolation of the Iiterature value to the concentrated sulfuric acid's boiling point was not to expect any considerable improvement in the concentration ratio.
Desto mere overraskende var det derfor, at ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, oppnåes et i denne henseende teknisk betydelige fremskritt, og den gjennomsnittlige hold-barhetstid for støpekjelen kunne mer enn fordobles. It was therefore all the more surprising that with the method according to the invention, a significant technical advance is achieved in this respect, and the average shelf life of the casting boiler could be more than doubled.
Figur 1 viser skjematisk en støpekjele med stor opplagringsflens, figur 2a og b viser formstener og ■ figur 3 viser korrosjonsverdiene ifølge verdiene i eksemplene. Figure 1 schematically shows a casting boiler with a large storage flange, figures 2a and b show molding stones and ■ figure 3 shows the corrosion values according to the values in the examples.
På tegningen har tallene følgende betydning;'.In the drawing, the numbers have the following meaning;'.
Figur 1:Figure 1:
1 opplagringsflens1 storage flange
2 = kjele2 = boiler
3 = væskespeil3 = liquid mirror
U = underlag f. eks. ' støperingU = substrate, e.g. ' casting ring
5 = murverk.5 = masonry.
i.£Figur 2:i.£Figure 2:
a, b = formstenera, b = shaped stones
6 = røkgassinntreden6 = flue gas entry
7 = røkgassuttreden.7 = flue gas exit.
Det består for varmgassen f. eks. den mulighet å gjennomtrenge underlaget J+, som må være tilsvarende utformet, It consists for the hot gas, e.g. the possibility of penetrating the substrate J+, which must be similarly designed,
og derover anordnede formstener å komme inn i området T^. På den annen side kan stenene med samme utførelse også innsettes når det muliggjøres en røkgassgjennomgang igjennom murverket 5. and shaped stones arranged above it to enter the area T^. On the other hand, the stones with the same design can also be inserted when it is possible for flue gas to pass through the masonry 5.
Figur 3:Figure 3:
A = rilldybde i mmA = groove depth in mm
B = driftstid i månederB = operating time in months
9-14.: verdier fra eksemplene 1-3.9-14.: values from examples 1-3.
Oppfinnelsen skal forklares ve;d følgende eksempler: The invention shall be explained with the following examples:
I eksemplene nevnte Pauling-kj eler av gråstøp har følgende dimensjoner: In the examples mentioned Pauling boilers made of gray cast iron have the following dimensions:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
En med over 96 %- i. g ved svakt undertrykk kokende svovelsyre fylt kokekjele ble ifølge Pauling-fremgangsmåten påført med 72 %- i. g brukt svovelsyre fra nitreringsprosess. Ved utførte inspeksjoner ble det målt de på høyde av syrespeilet dannede riller, inderes dybde. According to the Pauling method, a kettle filled with over 96%-i.g of sulfuric acid boiling under slight negative pressure was applied with 72%-i.g of used sulfuric acid from the nitration process. During the inspections carried out, the depth of the grooves formed at the height of the acid mirror was measured.
Derved fremkom følgende måleverdi:This resulted in the following measurement value:
Etter utbygning av denne kjele ble utmuringen utstyrt med formstener tilsvarende fig. 2, og en ny kjele av samme dimensjoner innbygget og drevet under samme betingelser. Målingen av rilledybden ga her verdiene: After the expansion of this boiler, the masonry was equipped with shaped stones corresponding to fig. 2, and a new boiler of the same dimensions installed and operated under the same conditions. The measurement of the groove depth gave the following values:
Kjelen er ennå i drift. The boiler is still in operation.
Disse resultater vises ved kurvene 8 og 9 på fig 3« These results are shown by curves 8 and 9 in Fig. 3"
Eksempél 2Example 2
Under sammenlignbare Pauling-betingelser ble det drevet to kjeler i rekkefølge i samme anlegg i det den første, har vanlig gassføring, den annen har røkgassføringen ifølge oppfinnelsen. I avhengighet av driftstider fremkom følgende rilledybder: Under comparable Pauling conditions, two boilers were operated in sequence in the same plant in that the first has normal gas flow, the second has flue gas flow according to the invention. Depending on operating times, the following groove depths emerged:
Eksempel 3 Example 3
I en konsentreringsenhet ifølge Pauling ble følgende tre støpekjeler drevet på vanlig måte. Bare tredje har varmgassføringen ifølge oppfinnelsen. Utmåling av rilledybden førte til følgende verdier: In a concentrating unit according to Pauling, the following three casting boilers were operated in the usual way. Only the third has the hot gas flow according to the invention. Measuring the groove depth led to the following values:
Siste kjele drives ennå. The last boiler is still being operated.
Verdiene tilsvarer kurvene 12 til 14- på fig. 3« The values correspond to curves 12 to 14 in fig. 3"
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803013278 DE3013278A1 (en) | 1980-04-05 | 1980-04-05 | METHOD FOR REDUCING CORROSION ON PAULING BOILERS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO810951L true NO810951L (en) | 1981-10-06 |
Family
ID=6099365
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO810951A NO810951L (en) | 1980-04-05 | 1981-03-19 | PROCEDURE TO REDUCE PAULING BOILER CORROSION |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0037508B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS56155005A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU536238B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8102024A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1176515A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3013278A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES501055A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI66657C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO810951L (en) |
| PT (1) | PT72735B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812258B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3208980C2 (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1985-10-31 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Pauling kettle |
| DE3702541A1 (en) * | 1987-01-29 | 1988-08-11 | Bayer Ag | PAULING BOILERS AND METHOD FOR CONCENTRATING SULFURIC ACID |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE357593C (en) * | 1922-10-27 | Harry Pauling Dipl Ing | Device for concentrating sulfuric acid | |
| DE299774C (en) * | ||||
| DE1007741B (en) * | 1951-12-27 | 1957-05-09 | Karl Dubois | Insert for acid concentration vessel |
-
1980
- 1980-04-05 DE DE19803013278 patent/DE3013278A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-01-26 PT PT72735A patent/PT72735B/en unknown
- 1981-03-19 NO NO810951A patent/NO810951L/en unknown
- 1981-03-24 DE DE8181102193T patent/DE3160216D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-24 EP EP81102193A patent/EP0037508B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-02 JP JP4852081A patent/JPS56155005A/en active Pending
- 1981-04-02 AU AU69026/81A patent/AU536238B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-04-02 FI FI811017A patent/FI66657C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-03 ES ES501055A patent/ES501055A0/en active Granted
- 1981-04-03 ZA ZA00812258A patent/ZA812258B/en unknown
- 1981-04-03 CA CA000374596A patent/CA1176515A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-03 BR BR8102024A patent/BR8102024A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6902681A (en) | 1981-10-15 |
| FI66657C (en) | 1984-11-12 |
| PT72735B (en) | 1982-03-19 |
| FI66657B (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| FI811017L (en) | 1981-10-06 |
| BR8102024A (en) | 1981-10-06 |
| EP0037508B1 (en) | 1983-05-04 |
| DE3160216D1 (en) | 1983-06-09 |
| ZA812258B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| ES8205271A1 (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| EP0037508A1 (en) | 1981-10-14 |
| PT72735A (en) | 1981-04-01 |
| CA1176515A (en) | 1984-10-23 |
| ES501055A0 (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| AU536238B2 (en) | 1984-05-03 |
| JPS56155005A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| DE3013278A1 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
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