NO814076L

NO814076L - EXCAVATOR FOR GRAVESKUFF E.L., AND PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SAME

Info

Publication number: NO814076L
Application number: NO814076A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Lars-Erik Gustav Gyllby
Original assignee: Atlas Copco Ab
Priority date: 1980-12-03
Filing date: 1981-11-30
Publication date: 1982-06-04
Also published as: FI813826L; SE8008470L; FI813826A7

Description

Føreliggande uppfinning avser en lbstagbar gravtand for en gravskopa eller liknande, vilken gravtand innefåttar ett med ett tvargående hål forsett rotparti anordnat att infbras i ett på skopan fastsatt hållarorgan och låsas fast i detta genom infbrande av en låstapp med rund tvarsektion i hålet. Uppfinningen avser vidare ett forfarande och ett medel for framstallning av en sådan gravtand. The present invention relates to a removable grave tooth for a grave bucket or the like, which grave tooth contains a root part provided with a transverse hole arranged to be inserted into a holding member fixed to the bucket and locked in this by inserting a locking pin with a round cross section in the hole. The invention further relates to a method and a means for producing such a grave tooth.

Gravtander av ovanstående slag ar forut kanda exempelvis genom svenska patentskriften 220 842. Dessa gravtander framstalls vanligen genom smidning av stållegeringar. Efter smidet rensas tanden från bverblivet material s k skaggning varefter roten pressas i ett kalibrerverktyg for erhållande av bestamda yttermått anpassade till hållarorganet eller holken. Darefter låter man tanden svalna varefter hålet for låstappen borras och slutligen hardås tanden på sedvanligt satt genom en varme-behandling. Grave teeth of the above kind are previously known, for example, by Swedish patent 220 842. These grave teeth are usually produced by forging steel alloys. After forging, the tooth is cleaned of remaining material, such as shaving, after which the root is pressed in a calibrating tool to obtain the determined outer dimensions adapted to the holder or socket. The tooth is then allowed to cool, after which the hole for the locking pin is drilled and finally the tooth is hardened as usual through a heat treatment.

Metoden att uppta hålet genom borrning i den avsvalnade tanden ar emellertid mycket kostnadskråvande framst på grund av den efterfoljande uppvarmningen for hardningen. However, the method of occupying the hole by drilling in the cooled tooth is very costly, mainly because of the subsequent heating for hardening.

Ett andamål med føreliggande uppfinning ar darfbr att skapa en gravtand av ovanstående slag vars hål kan framstallas medan tanden annu ar varm efter smidningeii och som hardås direkt darefter under uppnåen-de av fullt godtagbar slitstyrka och anvandbarhet. One aim of the present invention is to create a grave tooth of the above kind whose hole can be produced while the tooth is still hot after forging and which can be hardened directly afterwards while achieving fully acceptable wear resistance and usability.

Ett annat andamål år att forse tanden med ett elastiskt organ i hålet anordnat for att kvarhålla låstappen i hålet under tandens anvandande. Dessa och andra andamål uppfylls genom åstadkommande av en gravtand Another purpose is to provide the tooth with an elastic member in the cavity arranged to retain the locking pin in the cavity during use of the tooth. These and other duck goals are fulfilled through the provision of a grave tooth

i enlighet med ef terf oljande patentkrav,.in accordance with subsequent patent claims.

Uppfinningen skall inu narmare beskrivas under hanvisning till bifogade ritningar. The invention shall be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

Fig 1 ar en sidovy av en gravtand enligt uppfinningen.Fig 1 is a side view of a burial tooth according to the invention.

Fig 2 ar en planvy av samma tand.Fig 2 is a plan view of the same tooth.

Fig 3 ar en planvy av rotdelen på en alternativ utfbringsform av tanden. Fig 4 ar en del av en planvy av tanden enligt Fig 1 eller 2 och visar inforandet av det elastiska organet i hålet. Fig 5 ar en delvis sektionerad sidovy som visar tanden fastsatt i ett hållarorgan anordnat på en ej visad gravskopa. Fig 3 is a plan view of the root part of an alternative embodiment of the tooth. Fig 4 is part of a plan view of the tooth according to Fig 1 or 2 and shows the inside of the elastic organ in the cavity. Fig. 5 is a partial sectional side view showing the tooth fixed in a holding member arranged on a grave scoop not shown.

Fig 6 ar en tvarsektion enligt linjen 6-6 i Fig 5.Fig 6 is a cross-section according to line 6-6 in Fig 5.

Fig-7 ar en planvy enligt linjen 7-7 i Fig 5.Fig-7 is a plan view according to line 7-7 in Fig 5.

Fig 8 ar en planvy enligt linjen 8-8 i Fig 5.Fig 8 is a plan view along line 8-8 in Fig 5.

Fig 9 ar en sidovy av en stans av det slag som ingår i apparaten for framstallning av gravtanden enligt uppfinningen. FiglOar en annan sidovy av stansen sedd såsom framgår avlinjen 10-10 i Fig 9.Fig 9 is a side view of a punch of the kind included in the apparatus for producing the burial tooth according to the invention. FiglOar another side view of the die seen as shown by the line 10-10 in Fig 9.

Gravtanden enligt ritningarna har en spetsig framre del 11 och ett bakre rotparti 12 forsett med ett tvargående hål 13. Hålet 13 ar vasentligen triangulart i tvarsnitt med avrundade horn. Rotpartiet 12 ar utformat så att det passar i ett hållarorgan 14, vanligen en s k holk, fastsatt på en ej visad gravskopa, lastskopa eller liknande. Tanden kvarhålls i hållarorganet 14 med hjalp av en låstapp 15 infor-bar i såval hålet 13 i rotpartiet 12 som i två mitt emot varandra be-lågna bppningar 16 och 17 i hållarorganet 14. Låstappens 15 tvarsektion ar cirkular med en diameter av langden A. Hålets 13 tvarsektion har en utstrackning B i tandens huvudriktning och en utstrackning C The grave tooth according to the drawings has a pointed front part 11 and a rear root part 12 provided with a transverse hole 13. The hole 13 is essentially triangular in cross-section with rounded horns. The root part 12 is designed so that it fits in a holding member 14, usually a so-called socket, fixed on a not shown digging bucket, loading bucket or the like. The tooth is held in the holding member 14 with the help of a locking pin 15 which can be inserted into the hole 13 in the root part 12 as in two opposite openings 16 and 17 in the holding member 14. The cross section of the locking pin 15 is circular with a diameter of length A. The hole's 13 cross-section has an extension B in the main direction of the tooth and an extension C

i tandens tvarriktning vilka var och en overstiger langden av diametern A med åtminstone 25 % på grund av skal som kommer att beskrivas senare. Den triangulara tvarsektionen ar utformad som en liksidig triangel symmetriskt anordnad relativt tandens langdaxel 18. Hornen i triangeln har avrundningar med sarama kurvradie som låstappen 15. in the direction of the tooth, each one exceeds the length of the diameter A by at least 25% due to shell which will be described later. The triangular cross-section is designed as an equilateral triangle symmetrically arranged relative to the long axis of the tooth 18. The corners of the triangle have roundings with the same radius of curvature as the locking pin 15.

Ett elastiskt organ 19 t.ex. en gummikudde ar anordnat att passa inAn elastic member 19 e.g. a rubber pad is arranged to fit in

i hålet 13 och nar låstappen 20 ar insatt i hålet 13 enligt Fig 4 pressar organet 19 låstappen 15 framåt mot det avrundade horn 20 som ar belaget namiast rotens ande 21. På detta satt håller det elastiska organet 19 låstappen 15 kvar i hålet 13 och andra låsorgan behovs ej. Låstappen har foretradesvis en cirkular tvarsektion men aven andra ut formningar kan vara anvåndbara under forutsattning att låstappens avrundning motsvarar hålets 13 avrundning nannast rotanden 21. in the hole 13 and when the locking pin 20 is inserted in the hole 13 according to Fig. 4, the member 19 presses the locking pin 15 forwards against the rounded horn 20 which is coated on the end of the root 21. In this way, the elastic member 19 keeps the locking pin 15 in the hole 13 and other locking device not required. The locking pin preferably has a circular cross-section, but other shapes can be used, provided that the rounding of the locking pin corresponds to the rounding of the hole 13 closest to the root end 21.

Nar gravtanden anvånds i gravarbete kommer inga ytterligare krafter att påverka det elastiska organet så att det blir sonderpressat eller forstort på annat satt. Skalet hårtill ar att de krafter som uppstår nar tandens framre del 11 pressas ner i marken overfors till hållarorganet 14 via dess anddelar 22 och 23 och nar tanden dras upp ur marken overfors eventuella dragkrafter direkt av låstappen 15 till hållarorganet 14. When the burial tooth is used in digging, no further forces will affect the elastic organ so that it is compressed or otherwise enlarged. The scale adds that the forces that arise when the front part of the tooth 11 is pressed down into the ground opposite the holding member 14 via its parts 22 and 23 and when the tooth is pulled up from the ground opposite any pulling forces directly from the locking pin 15 to the holding member 14.

I Fig 3 visas en annan utforingsform av hålet i rotpartiet 12. Detta hål 25 har en tvarsektion utformad som en spetsvinklig likbent triangel och har en avrundning med samma kurvradie som låstappen 15 i det triangelhbrn 26 som har den minsta vinkeln. Lampligen har aven de andra triangelhornen 27 och 28 samma avrundning. Triangelns symmetrilinje 29 sammanfaller med gråvtandens langdaxel 18. In Fig 3, another embodiment of the hole in the root part 12 is shown. This hole 25 has a cross-section shaped like an acute-angled isosceles triangle and has a rounding with the same radius of curvature as the locking pin 15 in the triangle corner 26 which has the smallest angle. Lampligen also has the other triangle corners 27 and 28 the same rounding. The symmetry line 29 of the triangle coincides with the long axis 18 of the gray water tooth.

Mediet eller apparaten for framstallning av gravtanden innefattarThe medium or apparatus for producing the burial tooth includes

en stans med en i ett stycke utformad kropp 30. Kroppen 30 har en framre del 31 med triangulart tvarsnitt anordnad for utstansning av det triangelformade hålet i tanden och ett bakre huvud 32 for fast-sattning i en ej visad hållare. Apparatens bvriga delar ar utan be-tydelse for uppfinningen och kan darfor vara av godtycklig kand utformning. a punch with a one-piece body 30. The body 30 has a front part 31 with a triangular cross-section arranged for punching out the triangular hole in the tooth and a rear head 32 for fixing in a holder not shown. The other parts of the device are irrelevant to the invention and can therefore be of any design.

Fbrfarandet for framstallning av den på ritningarna visade gravtanden omfattar foljande steg: The process for producing the grave tooth shown in the drawings includes the following steps:

•(a) smidning av ett amne av legerat stål till tandens grundform.•(a) forging a core of alloy steel to the basic shape of the tooth.

(b) rensning av tanden från bverblivet material s.k. skåggning och(b) cleaning the tooth from dead material, so-called shading and

• pressning av rotpartiet i ett kalibrerverktyg• pressing of the root part in a calibration tool

(c) framstallning av hålet i rotpartiet genom stansning medan tanden fortfarande ar rbdglbdgad efter smidet (c) production of the hole in the root portion by punching while the tooth is still rbdglbdgad after forging

i (d) hardning av tanden i ett hardningsbad i direkt foljd efter stans-ningen under utnyttjande av den varme som fortfarande finns kvar i den rodglodgade tanden. i (d) hardening of the tooth in a hardening bath immediately following the punching, using the heat that is still present in the annealed tooth.

Nar stansning sker i upphettade fbremål enligt steg (c) blir aven stansen uppvarmd och om hålet ar djupt nog jamfort med diametern blir stansen mjukare vilket vanligen medfor sneda hål eller stansens fbr-stbrelse. Ett satt att undvika denna olagenhet ar att oka håldiame-tern men detta skulle i stallet medfora att låstappar och holkar av standardformat inte skulle kunna anvåndas tillsammans med sådan gravtand. Denna nackdel kan emellertid undvikas genom anvandande av'en stans i enlighet med føreliggande uppfinning. Denna stans har en till-rackligt stor tvarsektion for att bibehålla stansens styvhet under kontinuerlig stansning i glodgade gravtander och ett avrundat horn anpassat till tvarsektionen hos låstappar av standardutfbrande. Den triangulara utformningen ger tillracklig bbjstyvhet i alla riktningar och ger aven en låmplig anliggningsyta for låstappen genom det avrundade hornet. Stansens tvarsektion ar fbretrådesvis, som visats på ritningarna, utformad som en liksidig eller likbent spetsvinklig triangel men aven andra utformningar kan vara lampliga under forut-såttning att tvarsektionen har en utstrackning i två vinkelrata riktningar som vasentligen overstiger låstappens diameter. Lampligen bor namnda utstråckningar overstiga låstappens diameter med 25 % men helst med 50. %. Sådana stansar kommer att bibehålla sin styvhet om håldjupet ar mindre an cirka tre gånger, tvårsektionens långsta diameter, vilket ar det vanliga fbrhållandet for gravtander som isåtts i holkar. When punching takes place in heated fiber targets according to step (c), the punch is also heated and if the hole is deep enough to match the diameter, the punch becomes softer, which usually results in a crooked hole or the punch's face strengthening. One way to avoid this inconvenience is to increase the hole diameter, but this would mean that locking pins and sockets of standard format would not be able to be used together with such digging teeth. However, this disadvantage can be avoided by using a punch in accordance with the present invention. This punch has a sufficiently large cross-section to maintain the stiffness of the punch during continuous punching in red-hot grave teeth and a rounded horn adapted to the cross-section of locking pins of standard design. The triangular design provides sufficient bb stiffness in all directions and also provides a suitable contact surface for the locking pin through the rounded corner. The cross-section of the punch is wire-wise, as shown in the drawings, designed as an equilateral or isosceles acute-angled triangle, but other designs may be suitable, provided that the cross-section has an extension in two perpendicular directions that substantially exceeds the diameter of the locking pin. Ideally, the named extensions should exceed the diameter of the locking pin by 25%, but preferably by 50%. Such punches will maintain their stiffness if the depth of the hole is less than approximately three times the longest diameter of the cross-section, which is the usual ratio for burial teeth inserted in holes.

Efter hardningen ar tahden klar for anvandning frånsett infbrandet av det elastiska organet 19 i hålet 13. Namnda infbrande ar mycket enkelt beroende på hålets triangulara utformning. Det elastiska organet 19, vars utformning framgår av Fig 3-5, har en vekare mittdel 33 jamfort med de två ytterdelarna 34 och darfbr kommer organet att vikas kring namnda mittdel 33 nar ytterdelarna 34 trycks mot varandra med en yttre kraft F, se Fig 4. Isiittningen sker genom att organet 19 forst viks ihop på namnt satt for att darefter skjutas in i hålet 13. Nar den yttre kraften F tas bort från ytterdelarna 34, viks organet 19 upp och fyller ut hålet 13 så når som på en cirkulår bppning något mindre ån tvarsektionen av låstappen 15, Hopvikningen och infbrandet kan enkelt gbras for hand. After hardening, the tape is ready for use except for the insertion of the elastic member 19 in the hole 13. The named insertion is very simple depending on the triangular design of the hole. The elastic member 19, the design of which can be seen in Figs 3-5, has a wider middle part 33 parallel to the two outer parts 34 and therefore the body will fold around said middle part 33 when the outer parts 34 are pushed against each other with an external force F, see Fig 4 The installation takes place by first folding the body 19 into place before being pushed into the hole 13. When the external force F is removed from the outer parts 34, the body 19 folds up and fills the hole 13 as if on a circular bppp something less than the cross-section of the locking pin 15, the fold and the inset can easily be done by hand.

Det skall uppmårksammas att uppfinningen inte år begrånsad till de beskrivna utforingsexemplen utan kan varieras på ett flertal satt inom ramen for bifogade patentkrav. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments but can be varied on a majority set within the scope of the attached patent claims.

Claims

1. Detachable grave tooth for a grave bucket or the like, which grave tooth contains a root part (12) with a cross-going hole (13; 25) arranged to be inserted into a holding member (14) fixed to the bucket and locked in this hole by means of a locking pin (15) with round cross-section in the hole (13; 25) marked by the fact that the cross-section of the hole (13; 25) has an extension (B, C) in two perpendicular directions, each of which substantially exceeds the diameter (A) of the locking pin (15) and that the hole (13; 25) has a rounding (20) in the part closest to the root (21), which rounding (20) has essentially the same bending radius as the cross section of the locking pin.

2. Grave tooth in accordance with the patent claim lkannetecknad av that the named perpendicular extensions (B, C) each exceed the diameter of the locking pin (15) by at least 25%.

3. Burr teeth in accordance with patent claim 1 or 2 can be characterized in that an elastic member (19) is coated in the hole (13; 25), which member (19) is arranged to rest against the locking pin (15) so that it is pressed against the named rounding (20) in the hole (13; 25).

4. Grave tooth in accordance with one of the preceding patent claims characterized by the fact that the cross-section of the hole (13; 25) is essentially triangular with the so-called rounding (20) arranged in the corner of the triangle which is coated closest to the end of the root (21).

5. Grave tooth in accordance with the patent claim 4 kannetecknad that the triangular cross-section is designed as an acute-angled isosceles triangle with the so-called rounding arranged in the triangle corner (26) with the smallest angle and with the triangle's symmetry line (29) coinciding with the long axis of the tooth (18).

6. Grave tooth in accordance with patent claim 4kånnetecknad av that the triangular cross section is designed as an equilateral triangle.

7. Procedure for producing a forged grave tooth of the kind specified in patent claim 1 which is intended to be fixed on a grave scoop or the like and is produced with a root part (12) provided with a transverse hole (13; 25) where the root part (12) ) are arranged to be inserted into a holding member (14) fixed to the shoe and locked in this space by means of a locking pin (15) in the hole (13; 25), characterized by the fact that the hole (13; 25) is punched out while the tooth is still hot after forging and a design is given such that the cross section of the hole (13; 25) gets an extension (B, C) in two perpendicular directions which substantially exceeds the diameter (A) of the locking pin and that the hole (13; 25) is given a rounding (20) in the part closest to the root (21) which rounding (20) is given essentially the same bending radius as the cross section of the locking pin (15).

8. Means for producing a bucket tooth of the kind specified in patent claim 1, which tooth is intended to be fixed on a grave bucket or the like and includes one with a transverse hole (13; 25) provided with a root part (12) arranged to be inserted into one of the scoop has a fixed holding member (14) and is locked in place by means of a locking pin (15) with a round cross-section in the hole (13; 25). 31) with a rounding in one of them, which rounding has essentially the same bending radius as the cross-section of the locking pin (15).