NO803905L - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF VANADIUM CARBID - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF VANADIUM CARBIDInfo
- Publication number
- NO803905L NO803905L NO803905A NO803905A NO803905L NO 803905 L NO803905 L NO 803905L NO 803905 A NO803905 A NO 803905A NO 803905 A NO803905 A NO 803905A NO 803905 L NO803905 L NO 803905L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- vanadyl
- hydrate
- ions
- aqueous solution
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 vanadate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000005287 vanadyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CYZASAMUYFRGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O CYZASAMUYFRGTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical class C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004440 Isodecyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical class [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012256 powdered iron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av vanadiumkarbid V^C. Forbindelsen angår også The present invention relates to a method for the production of vanadium carbide V^C. The connection also concerns
en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av vanadylhydrat VOtOH^'x^O som benyttes for fremstilling av vanadiumkarbid ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. Spesielt angår oppfinnelsen en oppløsningsmiddelekstraksjon, en strippeprosess for fremstilling av vanadylhydrat som så videre omsettes med karbon ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen for fremstilling av vanadiumkarbid. Vanadiumkarbid er velkjent for anvendelse ved fremstilling av stål. a method for the production of vanadyl hydrate VOtOH^'x^O which is used for the production of vanadium carbide by the method according to the invention. In particular, the invention relates to a solvent extraction, a stripping process for the production of vanadyl hydrate which is then further reacted with carbon in the method according to the invention for the production of vanadium carbide. Vanadium carbide is well known for use in the manufacture of steel.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen blir det frembrakt en ioniskAccording to the invention, an ionic is produced
vandig vanadiumoppløsning slik som en vannutlutningsoppløsning inneholdende natriummetavanadat, oppnådd fra vanadiummalmer eller konsentrater. Til denne vannutlutningsoppløsning tilsettes svoveldioksyd SC^og svovelsyre f^SO^i mengder som beskrives i detalj nedenfor. Oppløsningen som inneholder aqueous vanadium solution such as a water leach solution containing sodium metavanadate, obtained from vanadium ores or concentrates. Sulfur dioxide SC^ and sulfuric acid f^SO^ are added to this water leaching solution in amounts described in detail below. The resolution that contains
vanadylioner blir så oppløsningsmiddelekstrahert med et organisk oppløsningsmiddel slik det beskrives nedenfor. Anriket organisk oppløsningsmiddel inneholdende vanadylioner blir deretter strippet med ammoniumhydroksyd NH^OH, noe som forårsaker at vanadylione felles ut som vanadylhydrat VO (OH) 2'Xr^O der .x er ukjent, da vanadylione fjernes fra oppløsningsmidlet. I henhold til oppfinnelsen blandes vanadylhydratet med pelletisert karbon og tørkes under fravær av oksygen og brennes deretter til vanadiumkarbid . vanadyl ions are then solvent extracted with an organic solvent as described below. Enriched organic solvent containing vanadyl ions is then stripped with ammonium hydroxide NH^OH, causing vanadyl ion to precipitate as vanadyl hydrate VO (OH) 2'Xr^O where .x is unknown, as vanadyl ion is removed from the solvent. According to the invention, the vanadyl hydrate is mixed with pelletized carbon and dried in the absence of oxygen and then burned to form vanadium carbide.
Oppfinnelsens fremgangsmåte vil bli tydeligere sett i sammenheng med den ledsagende tegning som kun er ment å være illustrerende for oppfinnelsen uten å begrense den. The method of the invention will be more clearly seen in connection with the accompanying drawing which is only intended to be illustrative of the invention without limiting it.
Figur 1 er et forenklet flytskjema som viser en utførel-ses form av oppfinnelsens fremgangsmåte. Figure 1 is a simplified flowchart showing an embodiment of the method of the invention.
Vannutlutningsoppløsningen som benyttes ved gjennom-føring av oppfinnelsen oppnås karakteristisk fra konvensjonell behandling av vanadiummalmer eller konsentrater slik som vann-utlutningsoppløsningen fra en røstet vanadiummalm. Typiske vanadiumprosesser er beskrevet i de amerikanske patenter nr. 3.132.920; 3.132.390; og 3.320.024. Det er foretrukket at vannutlutningsoppløsningen er en virkelig oppløsning for å unngå kontaminering av produktet og for å lette behandlingen. Det er funnet at foreliggende oppfinnelse kun virker på vanadium i en vandig oppløsning. Karakteristisk er en vannutlut-ningsoppløsning en ionisk oppløsning av natriummetavanadat NaVO^med mindre mengder klorid-, sulfat-, fosfat- og silikal-salter av natrium, kalsium, kalium, magnesium og andre alkali-og jordalkalimetaller, og andre urenheter som vanligvis finnes i vannutlutningsoppløsninger oppnådd fra behandling av vanadiummalmer eller -konsentrater. For at fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen skal virke tilfredsstillende må vanadium forelig-ge i oppløsning. Imidlertid kan vanadium i oppløsning fore-ligge kombinert med andre elementer som ioner i form av et vanadation i en ionisk oppløsning av natriummetavanadat. Vanadium i oppløsning kan også oppnås fra alkali- eller jord-alkalisalter av pyrovanadat, ortovanadat, dekavanadat eller The water leaching solution used in the implementation of the invention is characteristically obtained from conventional treatment of vanadium ores or concentrates such as the water leaching solution from a roasted vanadium ore. Typical vanadium processes are described in US Patent Nos. 3,132,920; 3,132,390; and 3,320,024. It is preferred that the water leaching solution be a true solution to avoid contamination of the product and to facilitate processing. It has been found that the present invention only works on vanadium in an aqueous solution. Typically, a water leach solution is an ionic solution of sodium metavanadate NaVO^ with minor amounts of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, and silica salts of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and other alkali and alkaline earth metals, and other impurities commonly found in water leaching solutions obtained from the treatment of vanadium ores or concentrates. For the method according to the invention to work satisfactorily, vanadium must be present in solution. However, vanadium in solution can be present combined with other elements as ions in the form of a vanadate in an ionic solution of sodium metavanadate. Vanadium in solution can also be obtained from alkali or alkaline earth salts of pyrovanadate, orthovanadate, decavanadate or
en hvilken som helst annen oppløsning i form av vanadiumsalter. Fortrinnsvis er ved gjennomføring av foreliggende oppfinnelse vanadiumkiIden natriummetavanadat. any other solution in the form of vanadium salts. Preferably, in carrying out the present invention, the vanadium oxide is sodium metavanadate.
Konsentrasjonen av natriummetavanadat i vann er ikke kritisk og en hvilken som helst konsentrasjon er tilfredsstillende ved gjennomføring av oppfinnelsen så lenge natriummetavanadat foreligger i oppløsning. Mens det ikke er noen foretrukket konsentrasjon for natriummetavanadat i oppløsning kan det til tider være ønskelig å bruke en så høy konsentrasjon som mulig for å spare behandlingsutgifter. Svoveldioksyd og svovelsyre blir deretter tilsatt til vannutlutningsoppløsnin-gen. Fortrinnsvis blir svoveldioksyd tilsatt først og svovelsyre deretter for å unngå utfelling av vanadium som natrium-heksavanadat hvis svovelsyre tilsettes først. Svoveldioksyd tilsettes i en tilstrekkelig mengde til å redusere vanadium-+ 5+4 The concentration of sodium metavanadate in water is not critical and any concentration is satisfactory for carrying out the invention as long as sodium metavanadate is present in solution. While there is no preferred concentration for sodium metavanadate in solution, it may at times be desirable to use as high a concentration as possible to save processing costs. Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid are then added to the water leaching solution. Preferably, sulfur dioxide is added first and sulfuric acid afterwards to avoid precipitation of vanadium as sodium hexavanadate if sulfuric acid is added first. Sulfur dioxide is added in a sufficient quantity to reduce the vanadium-+ 5+4
ioner i oppløsning fra V til V . Tilstrekkelig svovelsyre blir så tilsatt til å oppnå en pH-verdi innen området ca. 1 ions in solution from V to V . Sufficient sulfuric acid is then added to achieve a pH value in the range of approx. 1
til ca. 3, fortrinnsvis ca. 1,5 til ca. 3,0 og helst ca. 2,0, for å oppnå en optimal pH-verdi for en oppløsningsmiddelek-straksjon hvis effektivitet er pH-verdi følsom. I en kontinuer-lig prosesss kan svoveldioksyd og svovelsyre tilsettes samtidig til vannutlutningsoppløsningen. Mens svovelsyre'er den foretrukne syre kan andre ikke-oksyderende syrer slik som saltsyre benyttes. Salpetersyre bør ikke benyttes for det er en oksyde- to approx. 3, preferably approx. 1.5 to approx. 3.0 and preferably approx. 2.0, to achieve an optimum pH for a solvent extraction whose efficiency is pH sensitive. In a continuous process, sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid can be added simultaneously to the water leaching solution. While sulfuric acid is the preferred acid, other non-oxidizing acids such as hydrochloric acid can be used. Nitric acid should not be used because it is an oxidizer
rende syre.pure acid.
Eddiksyre bør ikke benyttes fordi den ikke er sterk nok. Fosforsyre bør heller ikke benyttes fordi produktet for-+5 +4 Acetic acid should not be used because it is not strong enough. Phosphoric acid should not be used either because the product for-+5 +4
urenses. Reduksjonen V til V måles ved e.m.f.-potensialet. Reduksjonen V til V anses komplett når det optimalt oppnådde e .rn. f. -potensial er ca. -200 millivolt veden pH-verdi lik 2. Et e.m.f.-potensial innen området -150 til ca. -300 millivolt anses tilfredsstillende ved gjennomføring av oppfinnelsen. V foreligger i metavanadatione, VCU , og V foreligger i vanadylione, VO . Konsentrasjon av svovelsyre er ikke vesentlig og denne syre kan tilsettes i en hvilken som helst konsentrasjon men en høyere konsentrasjon er ønskelig for å unngå fortynning av oppløsningen. Svoveldioksyd tilsettes fortrinnsvis som svoveldioksydgass men kan også tilsettes i form av svovelsyreling eller som et sulfittsalt. cleansed. The reduction V to V is measured by the e.m.f. potential. The reduction V to V is considered complete when the optimally achieved e.rn. f. potential is approx. -200 millivolts the wood pH value equal to 2. An e.m.f. potential within the range -150 to approx. -300 millivolts is considered satisfactory when implementing the invention. V exists in metavanadatione, VCU, and V exists in vanadyl ion, VO. Concentration of sulfuric acid is not essential and this acid can be added in any concentration, but a higher concentration is desirable to avoid dilution of the solution. Sulfur dioxide is preferably added as sulfur dioxide gas but can also be added in the form of sulfuric acid or as a sulphite salt.
Den surgjorte og reduserte vanadylionholdige oppløs-ning blir nu oppløsningsmiddelekstrahert, fortrinnsvis i en minst totrinns motstrømsoppløsningsmiddelekstraktor. Ekstraksjonstrinnet vil bli tydeligere sett i sammenheng med figur 1. Surgjort og redusert oppløsning inneholdende vanadylioner The acidified and reduced vanadyl ion-containing solution is now solvent extracted, preferably in a at least two-stage counter-current solvent extractor. The extraction step will be seen more clearly in the context of Figure 1. Acidified and reduced solution containing vanadyl ions
1 føres til en omrørt blandetank 14 i trinn 1 i ekstraksjonstrinnet og blandes med strømmen av organisk fase 2 fra av-setnings tanken 17 i trinn 2. Blandet væske 3 fra blandetanken 14 løper over i avsetningstanken 15 i trinn 1 der den organiske fase 5 stiger til toppen og vandig fase 4 avsetter seg på bunnen av avsetningstanken 15. Anriket organisk fase 5 fra avsetningstanken 15 føres som en strøm 6 for ytterligere behandling som beskrives nedenfor. Den vandige fase 4 i avsetningstanken 15 omdannes deretter til en strøm 7 til.en blandetank 16 i trinn 2 der den blandes med mager organisk oppløsnings-middel 9 og svovelsyre 10. De blandede væsker 8 løper over blandetanken 16 til avsetningstanken 17 der den organiske fase 12 stiger til toppen av tanken og den vandige fase 11 avsetter seg på bunnen. Den vandige fase 11 som er raffinatet, også kalt rester, kasseres som avfall 13. Den organiske fase 12 1 is fed to a stirred mixing tank 14 in stage 1 of the extraction stage and is mixed with the flow of organic phase 2 from the settling tank 17 in stage 2. Mixed liquid 3 from the mixing tank 14 flows into the settling tank 15 in stage 1 where the organic phase 5 rises to the top and aqueous phase 4 settles on the bottom of the settling tank 15. Enriched organic phase 5 from the settling tank 15 is fed as a stream 6 for further treatment as described below. The aqueous phase 4 in the settling tank 15 is then converted into a stream 7 to a mixing tank 16 in stage 2 where it is mixed with lean organic solvent 9 and sulfuric acid 10. The mixed liquids 8 run over the mixing tank 16 to the settling tank 17 where the organic phase 12 rises to the top of the tank and the aqueous phase 11 settles on the bottom. The aqueous phase 11 which is the raffinate, also called residues, is discarded as waste 13. The organic phase 12
i avsetningstanken 17 føres til en blandetank 14- som en strøm 2. Mens de to motstrømsekstråksjonstrinnene er gitt i figur 1 på forenklet måte kan mere komplisert utstyr benyttes inkludert in the settling tank 17 is led to a mixing tank 14- as a stream 2. While the two countercurrent extraction stages are given in Figure 1 in a simplified manner, more complicated equipment can be used including
mer enn to trinn, uten at dette går utenfor oppfinnejsens ramme. Et trinn kan benyttes men dette er ikke ansett å være så effektivt som minst to motstrømsekstraksjonstrinn. Det er an-tatt at medstrømsekstråksjonstrinn også kan benyttes men dét vil også være mindre effektivt enn et motstrømsekstraksjonstrinn. Oppløsningsmiddelekstraksjonstrinnet er et rensetrinn ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. more than two steps, without this going outside the scope of the invention. One step can be used but this is not considered to be as efficient as at least two countercurrent extraction steps. It is assumed that a co-current extraction step can also be used, but this will also be less effective than a counter-current extraction step. The solvent extraction step is a purification step in the method according to the invention.
På grunn av at ekstraksjonstrinnet forbruker syre blir svovelsyre eller en annen ikke-oksyderende syre tilsatt til blandetanken 16 i trinn 2 for å regulere pH-verdien til et optimalt nivå fra ca. 2,5 til 3 og fortrinnsvis fra ca. 1,5 Because the extraction step consumes acid, sulfuric acid or another non-oxidizing acid is added to the mixing tank 16 in step 2 to adjust the pH to an optimal level from about 2.5 to 3 and preferably from approx. 1.5
til ca. 3,5 for å oppnå den mest effektive ekstraksjon av vanadylioner. to approx. 3.5 to achieve the most efficient extraction of vanadyl ions.
Det foretrukne organiske oppløsningsmiddel for bruk i ekstraksjonstrinnet er di-2-etylheksylfosforsyre som en 10 volum-%-ig oppløsning. I tillegg inneholder oppløsningsmiddel-oppløsningen 3 volum-% isodekanol (isodecylalkohol), og 87 volum-% kerosen som fortynningsmiddel. Di-2-etylheksylfosfor-syren bevirker den virkelige ekstraksjon av vanadium fra den vandige oppløsning ved kompleksdannelse. Isodekanol understøt-ter å holde vanadiumkomplekset i oppløsning. Andre oppløsnings-midler er ikke benyttet men det er absolutt å anta at andre også vil virke slik som f.eks. hektadecylfosforsyre i blanding med isodekanol og kerosen. Volumprosentandelene av komponentene i det organiske oppløsningsmiddel kan varieres av fagmannen uten å gå utenfor oppfinnelsens ramme. The preferred organic solvent for use in the extraction step is di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid as a 10% by volume solution. In addition, the solvent solution contains 3 vol% isodecanol (isodecyl alcohol), and 87 vol% kerosene as a diluent. The di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid causes the actual extraction of vanadium from the aqueous solution by complexation. Isodecanol helps keep the vanadium complex in solution. Other solvents have not been used, but it is certainly to be assumed that others will also work like this, e.g. hectadecyl phosphoric acid in a mixture with isodecanol and kerosene. The volume percentages of the components in the organic solvent can be varied by the person skilled in the art without going outside the scope of the invention.
Den anrikede organiske fase 5 som inneholder vanadylioner blir deretter oppløsningsmiddelstrippet og fortykket. Dette skjer ved først å sende den anrikede organiske fase som en strøm 6 til en blandetank 20 der den blandes med ammoniumhydroksyd 21 og en tilbakeført strøm 22 inneholdende tilbake-ført vandig oppløsning 23 fra avsetning-fortykkningstanken 24 og vandig filtrat 25 fra filteret 26. Det er ansett nytt å benytte ammoniumhydroksyd for å strippe vanadium fra oppløs-ningsmidlet ved kjemisk omsetning med oppløsningsmidlet for å danne ammoniumsaltet av di-2-etylheksylfosforsyre for deretter å regenerere oppløsningsmidlet. Tilstrekkelig overskytende ammoniumhydroksyd tilsettes til blandetanken 20 for å strippe vanadium fra oppløsningsmidlet. I det foregående ekstråksjonstrinn utbyttes ammoniumione mot vanadylione mens vanadylione i strippetrinnet erstattes med ammoniumione. I strippetrinnet felles vanadylione ut som vanadylhydrat VO(OH)2'XH20 der x er ukjent da vanadylione er fjernet fra oppløsningsmidlet. The enriched organic phase 5 containing vanadyl ions is then solvent stripped and concentrated. This happens by first sending the enriched organic phase as a stream 6 to a mixing tank 20 where it is mixed with ammonium hydroxide 21 and a returned stream 22 containing returned aqueous solution 23 from the deposition-thickening tank 24 and aqueous filtrate 25 from the filter 26. is considered new to use ammonium hydroxide to strip vanadium from the solvent by chemical reaction with the solvent to form the ammonium salt of di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and then regenerate the solvent. Sufficient excess ammonium hydroxide is added to mixing tank 20 to strip vanadium from the solvent. In the preceding extraction step, ammonium ion is exchanged for vanadyl ion, while in the stripping step vanadyl ion is replaced with ammonium ion. In the stripping step, vanadyl ion precipitates as vanadyl hydrate VO(OH)2'XH20 where x is unknown as vanadyl ion has been removed from the solvent.
Den strippede blanding 27 fra blandetanken 20 løper over til tanken 24 der det dannes tre faser, en organisk fase 28 øverst inneholdende utmagret oppløsningsmiddel som sendes til ekstraksjonen i trinn 2 som strøm 9, under den organiske fase 28 en vandig oppløsningsfase 29 som inneholder overskytende ammoniumhydroksyd som deretter kombineres med vandig filtrat 25 fra filteret 26 og sendes som en strøm 22 til blandetanken 20 kombinert med ammoniumhydroksyd 21; og en fast fase 30 inneholdende vanadylhydrat som avsetter seg på bunnen av tanken 24 og som sendes som en strøm 31 til filteret 26. The stripped mixture 27 from the mixing tank 20 flows over to the tank 24 where three phases are formed, an organic phase 28 at the top containing depleted solvent which is sent to the extraction in stage 2 as stream 9, below the organic phase 28 an aqueous solution phase 29 containing excess ammonium hydroxide which is then combined with aqueous filtrate 25 from the filter 26 and sent as a stream 22 to the mixing tank 20 combined with ammonium hydroxide 21; and a solid phase 30 containing vanadyl hydrate which settles on the bottom of the tank 24 and which is sent as a stream 31 to the filter 26.
Det er nytt og uventet at tre faser dannes i avsetnings-fortykningstanken 24 og også at vanadylhydrater skilles ut It is new and unexpected that three phases are formed in the deposition-thickening tank 24 and also that vanadyl hydrates are separated
som en tredje fase i stedet for som en emulsjon.as a third phase rather than as an emulsion.
Filtratet 25 fra filteret 26 kombineres med vandig oppløsning 23 fra tanken 24 og tilbakeføres som beskrevet ovenfor. The filtrate 25 from the filter 26 is combined with aqueous solution 23 from the tank 24 and returned as described above.
Filtrert vått fast vanadylhydrat 32 blandes i blanderen 33 med karbon 34 og pelletiseres deretter i en pelletisør 35, tørkes i en tørker 36 i fravær av oksygen eller luft og brennes deretter i ovnen 37 under vakuum eller en inert atmosfære under dannelse av vanadiumkarbid, V^C, vist som strømmen 38 i figur 1. Det anses nytt å redusere vanadylhydrat med karbon for å oppnå vanadiumkarbid. Tidligere ble vanadiumkarbid fremstilt fra karbon og vanadiumtrioksyd, v2°3 * Filtered wet solid vanadyl hydrate 32 is mixed in the mixer 33 with carbon 34 and then pelletized in a pelletizer 35, dried in a dryer 36 in the absence of oxygen or air and then burned in the furnace 37 under vacuum or an inert atmosphere to form vanadium carbide, V^ C, shown as stream 38 in Figure 1. It is considered new to reduce vanadyl hydrate with carbon to obtain vanadium carbide. Previously, vanadium carbide was produced from carbon and vanadium trioxide, v2°3 *
Oppfinnelsen vil bli tydeligere sett i forbindelse med det følgende eksempel som kun er illustrerende for oppfinnelsen. Hvis ikke annet er sagt er alle deler og prosentandeler på vekt-bas is. The invention will be seen more clearly in connection with the following example which is only illustrative of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages are on a weight basis.
EksempelExample
Prøve som ble behandlet besto av 2097 liter vannut-lutningsoppløsning fra en vanadiummalm som var røstet med NaCl. Oppløsningen inneholdt 4,05 gram V^O^per liter, 27 gram Sample that was treated consisted of 2097 liters of water leaching solution from a vanadium ore that had been roasted with NaCl. The solution contained 4.05 grams of V^O^ per liter, 27 grams
Cl per liter og 7,8 gram SO^per liter. Oppløsningen ble surgjort og redusert under anvendelse av 0,91 gram SO^per gram V^O^og 0,90 gram HC1 per gram V^O^. Variasjonene i pH-verdien og emf var 1,8 til 2,4 og -190 til -160. Cl per liter and 7.8 grams SO^per liter. The solution was acidified and reduced using 0.91 grams of SO₂ per gram of V₂O₂ and 0.90 grams of HCl per gram of V₂O₂. The variations in pH value and emf were 1.8 to 2.4 and -190 to -160.
Denne oppløsning ble behandlet ved oppløsningsmiddel-ekstraksjon i en totrinns blandings-avsetningsapparatur ved en nominell strømningshastighet av 1 liter per minutt. Raffinatet målte i snitt 0,04 g V20^per liter resulterende i en gjennvinning av 99 % vanadium. Oppløsningsmidlet besto av 8% di-2-etylheksylfosforsyre, 3% isodekanol og 89% kerosen, alt på volumbasis. Det vanadiumanrikede oppløsningsmiddel inneholdt 7,1 gram V20^per liter. Det anrikede oppløsningsmiddel ble strippet ved kontakt med 120 g NH^OH per liter oppløsning i en blander og deretter separert i tre faser i en avsetnings-fortykningstank. This solution was treated by solvent extraction in a two-stage mixed deposition apparatus at a nominal flow rate of 1 liter per minute. The raffinate averaged 0.04 g V 2 O 2 per liter resulting in a recovery of 99% vanadium. The solvent consisted of 8% di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, 3% isodecanol and 89% kerosene, all by volume. The vanadium-enriched solvent contained 7.1 grams of V 2 O 2 per liter. The enriched solvent was stripped by contact with 120 g of NH 3 OH per liter of solution in a mixer and then separated into three phases in a settling-thickening tank.
Oppløsningsmidlet ble tilbakeført til ekstråksjons-kretsen.. Den vandige oppløsningsfase ble rekonstituert med konsentrert NH^OH for å gi en strippeoppløsning. Den faste vanadylhydratoppslemming ble fjernet fra tanken som en opp-slemming, filtrert og oppsamlet som en våt filterkake. Prøve av dette produkt, tørket ved 130°C, målte 91,0% V205, 0,53% S, 0,21% Fe203, 0,01% Si02og 0,022% P. The solvent was returned to the extraction circuit. The aqueous solution phase was reconstituted with concentrated NH 2 OH to give a stripping solution. The solid vanadyl hydrate slurry was removed from the tank as a slurry, filtered and collected as a wet filter cake. A sample of this product, dried at 130°C, measured 91.0% V 2 O 5 , 0.53% S, 0.21% Fe 2 O 3 , 0.01% SiO 2 , and 0.022% P.
En andel av den våte filterkake ble blandet med pulverformig karbon og pulverformig jern under anvendelse av et forhold på 3,27 deler Per ^ e^- karbon. °9 tilstrekkelig jernpulver til å gi ca. 2% Fe i det ferdige produkt. Jern tilsettes hyppig som densifiseringsmiddel ved fremstilling av vanadiumkarbid men er ikke nødvendig for oppfinnelsens gjennom-føring. Blandingen ble omdannet til pellets med en diameter på ca. 1 cm som deretter ble tørket og redusert til vanadiumkarbid i en induksjonsovn under en argonatmosfære ved 1700°C. Produktet målte 85,45% V, 9,99% C, 0,57% 0 og 0,002% N. Dette produkt er vanadiumkarbid, V2C A portion of the wet filter cake was mixed with powdered carbon and powdered iron using a ratio of 3.27 parts Per ^e^ carbon. °9 sufficient iron powder to give approx. 2% Fe in the finished product. Iron is frequently added as a densifying agent in the production of vanadium carbide, but is not necessary for the implementation of the invention. The mixture was converted into pellets with a diameter of approx. 1 cm which was then dried and reduced to vanadium carbide in an induction furnace under an argon atmosphere at 1700°C. The product measured 85.45% V, 9.99% C, 0.57% 0 and 0.002% N. This product is Vanadium Carbide, V2C
Selv om oppfinnelsen er beskrevet og angitt i en viss detalj ovenfor skal det være klart at den kan underkastes for-andringer, modifikasjoner og variasjoner uten å gå utenfor oppfinnelsens ånd og ramme. Although the invention has been described and stated in some detail above, it should be clear that it can be subjected to changes, modifications and variations without going beyond the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10673779A | 1979-12-26 | 1979-12-26 |
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|---|---|
| NO803905L true NO803905L (en) | 1981-06-29 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| NO803905A NO803905L (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1980-12-22 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF VANADIUM CARBID |
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| JP (2) | JPS6041613B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU542768B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE886836A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8008419A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1150478A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS234024B2 (en) |
| DD (2) | DD156593A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3046411C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI66334C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2472537B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1128717B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU83026A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO803905L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ195673A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8008940L (en) |
| YU (2) | YU310680A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA807418B (en) |
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| AT404258B (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1998-10-27 | Avr Abfallverwertungs Und Rohs | Process for the selective separation of the metals from vanadium/nickel salt solutions |
| CN112174205A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-05 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Vanadyl hydroxide stabilized ethanol solution dispersion system and preparation of M-phase VO by using same2Method for preparing nano powder |
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| FR1172350A (en) * | 1956-02-24 | 1959-02-09 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Vanadium extraction |
| US3151933A (en) * | 1956-09-19 | 1964-10-06 | Kerr Mc Gee Oil Ind Inc | Solvent extraction process for the recovery of vanadium from solutions |
| FR1553859A (en) * | 1967-11-16 | 1969-01-17 |
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1980
- 1980-11-27 NZ NZ195673A patent/NZ195673A/en unknown
- 1980-11-27 ZA ZA00807418A patent/ZA807418B/en unknown
- 1980-11-28 CA CA000365770A patent/CA1150478A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-09 YU YU03106/80A patent/YU310680A/en unknown
- 1980-12-10 DE DE3046411A patent/DE3046411C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-17 FR FR8026798A patent/FR2472537B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-18 SE SE8008940A patent/SE8008940L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-19 FI FI803989A patent/FI66334C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-22 JP JP55181794A patent/JPS6041613B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-22 NO NO803905A patent/NO803905L/en unknown
- 1980-12-22 LU LU83026A patent/LU83026A1/en unknown
- 1980-12-22 BR BR8008419A patent/BR8008419A/en unknown
- 1980-12-22 IT IT50436/80A patent/IT1128717B/en active
- 1980-12-23 CS CS809241A patent/CS234024B2/en unknown
- 1980-12-23 AU AU65812/80A patent/AU542768B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1980-12-23 DD DD80226583A patent/DD156593A5/en unknown
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1982
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1983
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| FI66334C (en) | 1984-10-10 |
| CS234024B2 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| CA1150478A (en) | 1983-07-26 |
| SE8008940L (en) | 1981-06-27 |
| BR8008419A (en) | 1981-07-14 |
| AU6581280A (en) | 1981-07-02 |
| DD202278A5 (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| IT1128717B (en) | 1986-06-04 |
| JPS56100124A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| JPS6042215A (en) | 1985-03-06 |
| DD156593A5 (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| AU542768B2 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| ZA807418B (en) | 1981-11-25 |
| FI66334B (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| FR2472537A1 (en) | 1981-07-03 |
| IT8050436A0 (en) | 1980-12-22 |
| YU310680A (en) | 1983-04-30 |
| FR2472537B1 (en) | 1985-11-15 |
| JPS6041613B2 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
| DE3046411C2 (en) | 1982-12-30 |
| LU83026A1 (en) | 1981-07-23 |
| NZ195673A (en) | 1983-09-30 |
| BE886836A (en) | 1981-06-23 |
| YU26683A (en) | 1985-12-31 |
| DE3046411A1 (en) | 1981-09-17 |
| FI803989L (en) | 1981-06-27 |
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