NO743870L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO743870L NO743870L NO743870A NO743870A NO743870L NO 743870 L NO743870 L NO 743870L NO 743870 A NO743870 A NO 743870A NO 743870 A NO743870 A NO 743870A NO 743870 L NO743870 L NO 743870L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- accordance
- intermediate layer
- construction
- composite construction
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 54
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/02—Wall construction
- B65D90/06—Coverings, e.g. for insulating purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/12—Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/08—Integral reinforcements, e.g. ribs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/024—Honeycomb
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0337—Granular
- F17C2203/0341—Perlite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0345—Fibres
- F17C2203/035—Glass wool
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0604—Liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/036—Avoiding leaks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S220/00—Receptacles
- Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S273/00—Amusement devices: games
- Y10S273/08—Urethane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Description
Konstruksjon med sluttet sirkulasjonssystem. Construction with a closed circulation system.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ny konstruksjon eller sammenstilling som kan inneholde væskekomponenter eller gasskomponenter og som har et sluttet sirkulasjonssystem som på en passende måte kan anvendes for å detektere lekkasjer eller for rensing og lignende. The present invention relates to a new construction or assembly which can contain liquid components or gas components and which has a closed circulation system which can be used in a suitable way to detect leaks or for cleaning and the like.
Man kjenner forskjellige konstruksjonstyper som kan inneholder væsker og gasser. Ofte vil disse konstruksjonene inkludere et mellomlag som dekker overflaten av en lastbærende del eller vegg og hvor mellomlaget er ugjennomtrengelig, for væskene eller gassene som er i kontakt med mellomlaget. Noen typiske eksempler på slike konstruksjoner er keramikkbekledde reaktorer, harpiks- eller plastbelagte lagerbeholdere, internt isolerte kryogene beholdere f og lignende. I disse situasjonene kan mellomlaget benyttes for å hindre kontakt mellom væskene eller gassene og den lastbærende delen på grunn av deres korro-sive natur, på grunn av deres fysiske tilstand som ved kryogen væske, eller på grunn av andre karakteristika som kan lede til feil på den lastbærende delen. Andre tilstander hvor slike mellomlag kan benyttes inkluderer situasjoner hvor den lastbærende delen ikke er ugjennomtrengelig eller hvor sikkerthets-krav må tilfredsstilles. Disse spesifiserte situasjoner er bare eksempler og mange andre vil uten tvil inntreffe fordele som arbeider innen feltet^ Different construction types are known which can contain liquids and gases. Often these constructions will include an intermediate layer which covers the surface of a load-bearing part or wall and where the intermediate layer is impermeable to the liquids or gases in contact with the intermediate layer. Some typical examples of such constructions are ceramic-lined reactors, resin- or plastic-coated storage containers, internally insulated cryogenic containers f and the like. In these situations, the intermediate layer can be used to prevent contact between the liquids or gases and the load-bearing part due to their corrosive nature, due to their physical state as in the case of cryogenic liquid, or due to other characteristics which may lead to failure of the load-bearing part. Other conditions where such intermediate layers can be used include situations where the load-bearing part is not impermeable or where safety requirements must be met. These specified situations are only examples and many others will undoubtedly occur to the benefit of workers in the field^
I et hvilket som helst tilfelle hvor ugjennomtrengelige mellomlag blir benyttet, er det onskelig å være istand til å detektere"lekkasjer som kan utvikles i mellomlagene for det oppstår skadelige virkninger på grunn av slike lekkasjer eller i det minste tilstrekkelig tidlig atil at hvilke som helse-skadelige virkninger blir minimalisert. Det kan, alternativt eller i tillegg, være onskelig av sikkerhetsgrunner å være istand til å rense området i umiddelbar nærhet av mellomlaget på den motsatte siden som er kontakt med væskene eller gassene som oppbevares. In any case where impermeable intermediate layers are used, it is desirable to be able to detect "leakage" that may develop in the intermediate layers because harmful effects occur due to such leaks or at least sufficiently early that which health- harmful effects are minimised.Alternatively or additionally, it may be desirable for safety reasons to be able to clean the area immediately adjacent to the interlayer on the opposite side which is in contact with the liquids or gases being stored.
Folgelig sorger foreliggende oppfinnelse for en ny konstruksjon eller sammenstilling som kan inneholde væskekomponenter eller gasskomponenter og som har et sluttet sirkulasjonssystem som passende kan bli anvendt for å detektere lekkasjer i mellomlaget, eller for rensing, eller for hvilke som helst andre hensikter hvor det er onskelig å sirkulere et fluidum mellom mellomlaget og den lastbærende delen. Kort beskrevet består konstruksjonen eller sammenstillingen av et lastbærende underlag, et ugjennomtrengelig ytre mellomlag, og mellom disse er det anbragt et sirkulasjonssystem definert av et nettverk av celler som har sidevegger som generelt er i.en lateral orientering til mellomlaget og det lagtbærende underlaget og hvor i det minste noen av disse sideveggene har åpninger hvorved i det minste noen av cellene er i forbindelse med hverandre og definerer et kontinuerlig sirkulasjonssystem. Consequently, the present invention provides for a new construction or assembly which can contain liquid components or gas components and which has a closed circulation system which can be suitably used to detect leaks in the intermediate layer, or for cleaning, or for any other purposes where it is desirable to circulate a fluid between the intermediate layer and the load-bearing part. Briefly described, the construction or assembly consists of a load-bearing substrate, an impermeable outer intermediate layer, and between these is placed a circulation system defined by a network of cells that have side walls that are generally in a lateral orientation to the intermediate layer and the layer-bearing substrate and where in at least some of these side walls have openings whereby at least some of the cells are in communication with each other and define a continuous circulation system.
Oppfinnelsen kan bli bedre forstått ved henvisning til tegningene hvor flere utforelser er illustrert som folger: Fig. 1 viser, delvis i snitt og sett fra siden, en utfbrelse av en grunnkonstruksjon av oppfinnelsen hvor konstruksjonen som helhet vil danne en beholder. Fig. 2 viser, delvis i snitt og sett fra siden, en modifikasjon av grunnkonstruksjonen som er illustrert i fig. 1. Fig. 3 viser et delsnitt av utforelsen som er illustrert i fig. 2 tatt langs linjen A-A og viser stromningsveiene for fluidumet mellom cellene.• Fig. 4 viser, delvis i snitt og sett fra siden, en ytterligere modifikasjon av grunnkonstruksjonen som er illustrert i fig. 1. Fig. 5 viser et delsnitt av utforelsen som er illustrert i fig. 4 tatt langs lin£ B-B og viser stromningsveiene for fluidumet mellom cellene. Fig. 6 viser et delsnitt, sett fra siden av en ytterligere utfbrelse av oppfinnelsen. Fig. 7 illustrerer skjematisk hvordan et fluidum kan sirkuleres gjennom en typisk konstruksjon i overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen. Fig. 8 illustrerer eri sylindrisk beholder som besit-ter egenskapene avbildet på fig. 7. The invention can be better understood by referring to the drawings where several embodiments are illustrated as follows: Fig. 1 shows, partly in section and seen from the side, an embodiment of a basic construction of the invention where the construction as a whole will form a container. Fig. 2 shows, partly in section and seen from the side, a modification of the basic construction which is illustrated in fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows a partial section of the embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 taken along the line A-A and shows the flow paths for the fluid between the cells.• Fig. 4 shows, partly in section and seen from the side, a further modification of the basic construction which is illustrated in fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows a partial section of the embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 taken along line B-B and shows the flow paths for the fluid between the cells. Fig. 6 shows a section, seen from the side, of a further embodiment of the invention. Fig. 7 schematically illustrates how a fluid can be circulated through a typical construction in accordance with the invention. Fig. 8 illustrates a cylindrical container possessing the properties depicted in Fig. 7.
Med henvisning til fig. 1 er det vist en konstruksjon som består av et kraftbærende underlag 1, et nettverk av celler 2 og et ugjennomtrengelig mellomlag 3. Denne konstruksjonen kan i sin helhet danne en beholder for væsker eller gasser av en hvilken som helst type slik som en lagerbeholder, reaktor og.lignende, hvor det lastbærende underlaget 1 repre-senterer den ytre veggen på beholderen eller reaktoren. With reference to fig. 1 shows a construction consisting of a force-bearing substrate 1, a network of cells 2 and an impermeable intermediate layer 3. This construction can in its entirety form a container for liquids or gases of any type such as a storage container, reactor and the like, where the load-bearing substrate 1 represents the outer wall of the container or reactor.
Det lastbærende underlaget kan være dannet av hvilket som helst materiale som har passende styrke og andre egenskaper for den spesielle anvendelsen, f.eks. kan det benyttes metaller eller metallegeringer, glassfiberlaminater eller harpikslaminater, tre og plaststoffer. Det er også pekt på at underlaget kan være dannet av et enkelt konstruksjonselement eller en rekke konstruksjonselementer som, når de kombineres, sorger for de nbdvendige karakteristika. The load-bearing base may be formed of any material having suitable strength and other properties for the particular application, e.g. metals or metal alloys, glass fiber laminates or resin laminates, wood and plastics can be used. It is also pointed out that the substrate can be formed from a single structural element or a number of structural elements which, when combined, provide the necessary characteristics.
Det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlaget 3 tjener primærtThe impermeable intermediate layer 3 serves primarily
til å hindre at de oppbevarte væskene eller gassene kommer i direkte kontakt med det lastbærende underlaget. Således er det ikke nbdvendig at mellomlaget har de samme styrkekarak-teristika som det lastbærende underlaget. Mellomlaget må imid-lertid være ugjennomtrengelig for væskene eller gassene som oppbevares. En rekke forskjellige, passende materialer er kjent for dette formålet, avhengig av den spesielle situasjonen. Eksempler på slike materialer er glass og andre keramiske materialer, forskjellige plastmaterialer som f.eks. polyuretan, polystyren, polyetylen, PVC, epoksyharpikser, polyestere o.l. to prevent the stored liquids or gases from coming into direct contact with the load-bearing substrate. Thus, it is not necessary for the intermediate layer to have the same strength characteristics as the load-bearing substrate. The intermediate layer, however, must be impermeable to the liquids or gases that are stored. A variety of suitable materials are known for this purpose, depending on the particular situation. Examples of such materials are glass and other ceramic materials, various plastic materials such as e.g. polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, PVC, epoxy resins, polyesters, etc.
og meialler som f.eks. rustfritt stål, aluminium etc, og lignende . and tools such as stainless steel, aluminum etc, and the like.
Nettverket av celler 2 som definerer et sirkulasjonssystem mellom mellomlaget og det lastbærende underlaget, er dannet av en rekke celler 4 som har sidevegger 5 som er utstyrt med åpninger 6. Som illustrert er hver celle i forbindelse med de nærliggende cellene på grunn av tilstedeværelsen av åpningene slik at et fluidum kan bli sirkulert gjennom åpningene. Imid-lertid må man forstå at det etter onske kan sorges for et hvilket som helst monster for kommunikasjon mellom cellene for å fremskaffe et kontinuerlig sirkulasjonssystem. The network of cells 2 defining a circulation system between the intermediate layer and the load-bearing substrate is formed by a series of cells 4 having side walls 5 which are provided with openings 6. As illustrated, each cell is in communication with the neighboring cells due to the presence of the openings so that a fluid can be circulated through the openings. However, it must be understood that at will any monster can be provided for communication between the cells to provide a continuous circulatory system.
Den spesielle formen på cellene er ikke en vesentlig egenskap så lenge som sideveggene er generelt orientert lateralt mellom mellomlaget og det lastbærende underlaget. F.eks. kan nettverket av celler bestå av en bikakestruktur av heksagonalformede celler slik som avbildet i fig. 3 og 5 og som blir diskutert nedenfor. På den andre siden kan det benyttes bølge-formede plater som er foyd sammen på en slik måte at de danner et nettverk av celler. Andre konfigurasjoner vil være åpenbare for fagfolk innen området. The particular shape of the cells is not a significant feature as long as the side walls are generally oriented laterally between the intermediate layer and the load-bearing substrate. E.g. the network of cells may consist of a honeycomb structure of hexagonal shaped cells as depicted in fig. 3 and 5 and which are discussed below. On the other side, wave-shaped plates can be used which are joined together in such a way that they form a network of cells. Other configurations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Cellene kahvære darmsb av en rekke forskjellige materialer som har passende egenskaper slik san papir, metall, plast og lignende. The cells can be made of a number of different materials that have suitable properties such as paper, metal, plastic and the like.
Det vil normalt sbrges for åpninger i sideveggeneOpenings in the side walls will normally be required
på cellene når nettverket av sceller blir dannet. Antall åpninger og plasering kan varieres etter bnske for å sbrge for en hvilken som helst type strbmningsvei gjennom nettverket av celler. Denne muligheten til å fremstille en hvilken som helst on the cells when the network of cells is formed. The number of openings and their location can be varied as desired to provide any type of flow path through the network of cells. This ability to produce any
type stromningsvei er en spesielt vesentlig egenskap ved foreliggende oppfinnelse. Det er åpenbart at det kan benyttes mer enn én åpning pr. sidevegg. Dersom nettverket av celler skal sorge for en eller annen konstruksjonmessig understottelse, vil det naturligvis være nodvendig å ta hensyn til denne funksjonen ved konstruksjonen av stromningsveien, noe som vil hli forstått av fagfolk innen feltet. type of flow path is a particularly important feature of the present invention. It is obvious that more than one opening can be used per side wall. If the network of cells is to provide some structural support, it will naturally be necessary to take this function into account when constructing the flow path, which will be understood by experts in the field.
Innen feltet er det kjent forskjellige teknikker forVarious techniques are known within the field
å danne nettverk av celler av den typen som benyttes i foreliggende oppfinnelse og dette trenger ikke noen ytterligere for-klaring. La det være nok å si at de nbdvendige åpninger i siteveggene kan bli stanset ut, dannet under stoping, eller på annen måte dannet under utforelsen av en hvilken som helst av disse teknikkene ved konstruksjon eller sammenstilling. to form networks of cells of the type used in the present invention and this does not need any further explanation. Suffice it to say that the necessary openings in the site walls may be punched out, formed during stoping, or otherwise formed during the performance of any of these techniques of construction or assembly.
For å illustrere to av mange mulige stromningsveier gjennom et nettverk av celler, henvises det' til fig. 2-5 To illustrate two of many possible flow paths through a network of cells, reference is made to fig. 2-5
hvor nettverket av celler er .illustrert som en bikakekonstruksjon av heksagonalformede celler. I fig. 2 er hver celle 14 vist med en åpning 16 gjennom hver sidevegg 15. Denne konstruksjonen sorger for stromningsveier mellom en individuell celle og hver av de seks nærliggende celler som vist ved de små dobbelte pilene. I konstrast til denne omnidireksjonale stromningsveien kan åpningene være anbragt på en slik måte at det sorges for mer kontroll over stromningsveien. Et eksempel på en k&ontrol-lert stromningsvei er illustrert i fig. 4 og 5 hvor det bare er sbrget for åpninger 26 i de sideveggene 25 av cellene 24 som befinner seg langs .den samme aksen. Som et resultat sbrged. det for en serie med parallelle stromningsveier på linje med de samme aksene. Disse stromningsveiene kan forbindes innbyrdes ved ganske enkelt å sbrge for åpninger i en passende sidevegg slik at det dannes en samlet krumlinjet stromningsvei gjennom hele konstruksjonen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse, f.eks. en beholder eller reaktor. where the network of cells is .illustrated as a honeycomb construction of hexagonal shaped cells. In fig. 2, each cell 14 is shown with an opening 16 through each side wall 15. This construction provides flow paths between an individual cell and each of the six neighboring cells as shown by the small double arrows. In contrast to this omnidirectional flow path, the openings can be arranged in such a way that more control over the flow path is ensured. An example of a controlled flow path is illustrated in fig. 4 and 5 where only openings 26 are required in the side walls 25 of the cells 24 which are located along the same axis. As a result sbrged. that of a series of parallel flow paths aligned with the same axes. These flow paths can be interconnected by simply providing openings in a suitable side wall so that a unified curvilinear flow path is formed throughout the construction according to the present invention, e.g. a vessel or reactor.
I fig. 7 er det vist innretninger for å sirkulere et fluidum gjennom et sirkulasjonssystem dannet av et nettverk av celler slik som det som er beskrevet ovenfor. Konstruksjonen som er vist i fig.. 7, kan forstås lettere dersom man betrakter en slik konstruksjon som former en sylindrisk beholder C, In fig. 7 shows devices for circulating a fluid through a circulation system formed by a network of cells such as that described above. The construction shown in Fig. 7 can be understood more easily if one considers such a construction which forms a cylindrical container C,
slik som illustrert i fig. 8. Felles egenskaper som er illustrert as illustrated in fig. 8. Common characteristics illustrated
i de to tegningene, inkluderer det lastbærende underlaget 61 som danner den ytre overflaten av beholderen C, det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlaget 63 som danner den indre overflaten av beholderen C og manifolden 67 som har innlop 68 og utlop 69. Alt dette vil bli beskrevet i mer detalj nedenfor. Man må forstå at under bruk vil beholderen C bli utstyrt med en passende bunn- og topp, fortrinnsvis av lignende konstruksjon som side-veggen, festet til beholderen. in the two drawings, includes the load bearing substrate 61 forming the outer surface of the container C, the impermeable intermediate layer 63 forming the inner surface of the container C and the manifold 67 having inlet 68 and outlet 69. All of this will be described in more detail below. It must be understood that during use the container C will be fitted with a suitable bottom and top, preferably of similar construction to the side wall, attached to the container.
Konstruksjonen i fig. 7 består av det lastbærende underlaget 61 og det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlaget 63 med et nettverk av celler 62 anbragt mellom disse. Disse elementene og deres sammensetning er det samme som de korresponderende elementer vist i fig. 1 og beskrevet ovenfor. Således definerer nettverket av celler 62 et sirkulasjonssystem dannet ved cellene 64 som har sidevegger 65 utstyrt med åpninger 66. Stromningsveien som det er sbrget av konstruksjonen som er illustrert, The construction in fig. 7 consists of the load-bearing substrate 61 and the impermeable intermediate layer 63 with a network of cells 62 arranged between these. These elements and their composition are the same as the corresponding elements shown in fig. 1 and described above. Thus, the network of cells 62 defines a circulation system formed by the cells 64 having side walls 65 provided with openings 66. The flow path as provided by the construction illustrated,
er lik.den som er vist i fig. 3 hvor hver celle er i forbindelse med alle nær liggere celler. I tillegg er nettverket av celler utstyrt med et valgfritt isolasjonslag 71 som fyller en del av hver celle 64 og ligger nær det lastbærende underlaget 61. Dette isolerende laget kan være skumplast, fiberglass, eller andre konvensjonelle isolasjonsmaterialer og kan i seg selv være porost eller ugjennomtrengelig, noe som er kjent innen feltet. Skumplast kan dannes på stedet under sammenstillingen. Det er å foretrekke at lose isolasjonsmaterialer blir dusjet med et bindemiddel eller annet passende materiale slik søm et limstoff slik at i det minste materialene ved overflaten fester seg til hverandre for at det ikke skal oppstå noen forstyrrelse med sirkulasjonssystemet. is similar to that shown in fig. 3 where each cell is connected to all nearby cells. In addition, the network of cells is equipped with an optional insulating layer 71 which fills a part of each cell 64 and is located close to the load-bearing substrate 61. This insulating layer can be foam plastic, fiberglass, or other conventional insulating materials and can itself be porous or impermeable , which is known in the field. Foam may form on site during assembly. It is preferable that loose insulating materials are showered with a binder or other suitable material such as seam an adhesive material so that at least the materials at the surface adhere to each other so that no interference with the circulation system will occur.
Mellom de motstående ender og dæ forseglende kontakt med sammenstillingen som består av det lastbærende underlaget 61 og nettverket av celler 62, er det plasert en manifold 67 som har fluiduminnlbp 68 og fluidumutlop 69. Manifolden 67 strekker seg fortrinnsvis ikke helt gjennom konstruksjonen av foreliggende oppfinnelse, men bare i utstrekning av sirkulasjonssystemet av nettverket av celler. Som vist ligger således det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlaget 63 og det lastbærende underlaget over manifolden. Fluiduminnlop 68 er i forbindelse med nettverket av celler på den ene siden av manifolden, mens fluidumutlop 69 er i forbindelse med nettverket av celler på Between the opposite ends and the sealing contact with the assembly consisting of the load-bearing substrate 61 and the network of cells 62, a manifold 67 is placed which has a fluid inlet 68 and a fluid outlet 69. The manifold 67 preferably does not extend completely through the construction of the present invention, but only to the extent of the circulatory system of the network of cells. As shown, the impermeable intermediate layer 63 and the load-bearing substrate thus lie above the manifold. Fluid inlet 68 is in communication with the network of cells on one side of the manifold, while fluid outlet 69 is in communication with the network of cells on
den andre siden. Ved å innfore et fluidum gjennom inrilLopet 68 til sirkulasjonssystemet, vil det stromme gjennom cellene i nettverket av celler og til sist nå utlopet 69 og blir trukket vekk fra systemet. Ved å forbinde innlbpet 68 og utlopet 69 til en passende sirkulasjonspumpe, kan fluidumet kontinuerlig bli sirkulert gjennom sirkulasjonssystemet av konstruksjonen ifolge oppfinnelsen. the other side. By introducing a fluid through the inlet 68 to the circulatory system, it will flow through the cells of the network of cells and eventually reach the outlet 69 and be drawn away from the system. By connecting the inlet 68 and the outlet 69 to a suitable circulation pump, the fluid can be continuously circulated through the circulation system of the construction according to the invention.
Oppfinnelsen er tiltenkt sirkulasjonen av forskjellig slags, fluidum for forskjellige formål gjennom sirkulas jons-systemet. Uttrykket "fluidum" er ment å skulle dekke både væsker og gasser. F.eks. kan luft-sirkuleres som en opprenskings-gass for å fjerne hvilke som helst materialer som gradvis kan lekke gjennom mellomlageib. På den andre siden kan sikkerhets-, betraktninger kreve at det benyttes et inaktivt fluidum for dette formålet. Fluidumet som blir sirkulert, kan benyttes for oppvarming eller avkjbling ved å la det stromme gjennom en ytre varmeveksler. I disse situasjonene vil fluidumet normalt være en væske. En spesiell anvendelse som betraktes som spesielt viktig for konstruksjonen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på at det sendes et fluidum gjennom sirkulasjonssystemet for å detektere lekkasjer som kan utvikles i mellomlaget. Normalt vil en gass bli benyttet for dette formål. Gassen vil ha en annen sammensetning enn materialene som oppbevares på den andre siden av mellomlaget. Dersom en lekkasje således skulle utvikles i mellomlaget, blir den sirkulerende gassen kontaminert og ved å la den kontaminerte gassen eller en del av denne stromme gjennom en standard analysator for å detektere endringer i sammensetningen, f.eks. en gass-væske-kromatograf, kan en slik lekkasje raskt bli detektert. The invention is intended for the circulation of different kinds of fluid for different purposes through the circulation system. The term "fluidum" is intended to cover both liquids and gases. E.g. can be air-circulated as a purge gas to remove any materials that may gradually leak through the intermediate layer. On the other hand, safety considerations may require that an inactive fluid be used for this purpose. The fluid that is circulated can be used for heating or cooling by letting it flow through an external heat exchanger. In these situations, the fluid will normally be a liquid. A special application which is considered to be particularly important for the construction according to the present invention involves sending a fluid through the circulation system to detect leaks that may develop in the intermediate layer. Normally, a gas will be used for this purpose. The gas will have a different composition to the materials stored on the other side of the intermediate layer. If a leak should thus develop in the intermediate layer, the circulating gas becomes contaminated and by allowing the contaminated gas or part of it to flow through a standard analyzer to detect changes in the composition, e.g. a gas-liquid chromatograph, such a leak can be quickly detected.
Konstruksjonen av oppfinnelsen kan gis en rekke forskjellige utforelser som alle inkluderer grunnkonstruksjonen som er beskrevet med henvisning til fig. 1. F.eks. som avbildet i fig. 2, kan det sorges for et isolasjonslag 17 som. delvis fyller nettverket av celler i områdene nær det lastbærende underlaget 11. Det må bemerkes at denne utforelsen er den samme som den som er beskrevet med henvisning til fig. 7. The construction of the invention can be given a number of different embodiments, all of which include the basic construction described with reference to fig. 1. E.g. as depicted in fig. 2, an insulation layer 17 can be provided which. partially fills the network of cells in the areas near the load-bearing substrate 11. It must be noted that this embodiment is the same as that described with reference to fig. 7.
Fremstilling av en utfbrelse av ddenne typen kan utfores vedProduction of an embodiment of this type can be carried out by
å feste et på forhånd fremstilt nettverk av celler til det lastbærende underlaget i form av en beholder, fylle cellene i nettverket av celler med isolasjon i en passende hoyde slik at det ikke forstyrrer sirkulasjonssystemet, og deretter ved å anbringe og feste det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlaget. ' Fremgangsmåten for å anbringe og feste de forskjellige elementene til hverandre vil bestemmes primært ved å ta hensyn til typen av materialer som blir anvendt, noe som er kjent innen feltet. attaching a pre-made network of cells to the load-bearing substrate in the form of a container, filling the cells of the network of cells with insulation to a suitable height so that it does not interfere with the circulation system, and then by placing and fixing the impermeable intermediate layer. The method of placing and attaching the various elements to each other will be determined primarily by taking into account the type of materials used, which is known in the field.
En annen utforelse er avbildet i fig. 4 og denne er lik den som er beskrevet ovenfor med unntagelse av at det kan anbringes en tilleggsbarriere 28 for å hindre passasje av fluidum mellom det ugjennomtrengelige mellomlag 23 og nettverket av celler som består av cellene 24. En slik barriere kan være en metallplate eller metallfolie eller et ugjennomtrengelig plastlag. Det lastbærende underlaget 21 og isolasjonen 27 er den samme som beskrevet ovenfor. Another embodiment is depicted in fig. 4 and this is similar to that described above with the exception that an additional barrier 28 can be placed to prevent the passage of fluid between the impermeable intermediate layer 23 and the network of cells consisting of the cells 24. Such a barrier can be a metal plate or metal foil or an impermeable plastic layer. The load-bearing substrate 21 and the insulation 27 are the same as described above.
Fig. 6 avbilder enda en utfbrelse av konstruksjonen av oppfinnelsen og denne er tiltenkt en spesiell anvendelse i form av en lagerbeholder for en kryogen væske, slik som flytende naturgass. På samme måten som med de tidligere utfbrelser er det et lastbærende underlag 31 som kan danne den ytre veggen Fig. 6 depicts yet another embodiment of the construction of the invention and this is intended for a special application in the form of a storage container for a cryogenic liquid, such as liquefied natural gas. In the same way as with the previous embodiments, there is a load-bearing substrate 31 which can form the outer wall
på lagertanken. I sidestilling til dette er det et nettverk av celler 32 som består av cellene 34 med sidevegger 35 som har åpninger 36 som derved definerer et sirkulasjonssystem. Over den ovre delen av nettverket av celler ligger det et ugjennomtrengelig mellomlag 33, noe som fremgår av tegningen. Mellomlaget i dette tilfellet blir. dannet av et ugjennomtrengelig polyuretanskum eller et lignende materiale og .er i kontakt med den kryogene væsken og danner således den primære barrieren. De b*vre kantene av celleveggene av nettverket av celler ligger inne i mellomlaget for å sikre at de_ er godt festet. on the storage tank. In juxtaposition to this, there is a network of cells 32 which consists of the cells 34 with side walls 35 which have openings 36 which thereby define a circulation system. Above the upper part of the network of cells there is an impermeable intermediate layer 33, which is evident from the drawing. The middle layer in this case becomes. formed of an impermeable polyurethane foam or similar material and is in contact with the cryogenic liquid and thus forms the primary barrier. The right edges of the cell walls of the network of cells lie inside the interlayer to ensure that they are firmly attached.
Inne i cellene 34 som utgjor nettverket av dcellerInside the cells 34 which make up the network of dcells
i området nær det lastbærende underlaget, er det anbragt en isolasjon 37. Såik isolasjon er av en ugjennomtrengelig type og danner derved en sekundær barriere for å beskytte det lastbærende underlaget og kan være det samme som det som danner in the area near the load-bearing substrate, an insulation 37 is placed. Such insulation is of an impermeable type and thereby forms a secondary barrier to protect the load-bearing substrate and may be the same as that which forms
mellomlaget 33. Denne isolasjonen fyller bare delvis cellene 34 slik at den ikke forstyrrer sirkulasjonssystemet. the intermediate layer 33. This insulation only partially fills the cells 34 so that it does not interfere with the circulatory system.
I området av cellene 34 som danner sirkulasjonssystemet kan det også etter valg anbringes en poros isolasjon 38 slik som glassfibre eller lose perilittkorn eller lignende materiale som ikke vil sette sirkulasjonssystemet ut av funksjon og likevel sbrge for en ekstra isolerende virkning. In the area of the cells 34 which form the circulation system, a porous insulation 38 such as glass fibers or loose perilite grains or similar material which will not put the circulation system out of function and yet ensure an extra insulating effect can also be placed, if desired.
Det er helt klart at det er mange andre variasjoner ved grunnkonstruks jonen av oppfinnelfsenn som det er lett å opp-dage og som ikke trenger noen spesiell beskrivelse. F.eks. kan det i utforelsen i fig. 6 benyttes keramiske overtrekk istedæifor isolasjonen som ble benyttet for mellomlaget 33 og isolasjonen 37, for således å danne en beholder som vil tere meget passende ved utforing av en rekke reaksjoner. It is quite clear that there are many other variations in the basic construction of the invention which are easily discovered and which need no special description. E.g. can it in the embodiment in fig. 6, ceramic covers are used instead of the insulation that was used for the intermediate layer 33 and the insulation 37, so as to form a container that will be very suitable for carrying out a series of reactions.
Det er også pekt på at plastlagene kan inneholde forsterkninger slik som armeringsfibre, lerret, vevet stoff eller lignende, dersom kravene til styrke er slike at det er nodvendig. It is also pointed out that the plastic layers can contain reinforcements such as reinforcing fibres, canvas, woven fabric or the like, if the requirements for strength are such that it is necessary.
Av denne detaljerte beskrivelsen av oppfinnelsen vil det bli forstått av fagfolk innen feltet at visse variasjoner og modifikasjoner kan bli utfort uten å avvike fra ånden og rekkevidden av oppfinnelsen som.definert ovenfor og i vedlagte krav. From this detailed description of the invention it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined above and in the appended claims.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05428554 US3895152A (en) | 1973-12-26 | 1973-12-26 | A composite cellular construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO743870L true NO743870L (en) | 1975-07-21 |
Family
ID=23699392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO743870A NO743870L (en) | 1973-12-26 | 1974-10-28 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3895152A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS50113815A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA999290A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2446286A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES432422A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2256365A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1026981B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7414082A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO743870L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7412588L (en) |
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-
1973
- 1973-12-26 US US05428554 patent/US3895152A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1974
- 1974-09-27 DE DE19742446286 patent/DE2446286A1/en active Pending
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- 1974-10-28 NO NO743870A patent/NO743870L/no unknown
- 1974-10-28 NL NL7414082A patent/NL7414082A/en unknown
- 1974-11-04 FR FR7436641A patent/FR2256365A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-11-04 CA CA212,895A patent/CA999290A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-29 ES ES432422A patent/ES432422A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-11 IT IT3042874A patent/IT1026981B/en active
- 1974-12-26 JP JP106575A patent/JPS50113815A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
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| IT1026981B (en) | 1978-10-20 |
| ES432422A1 (en) | 1976-11-16 |
| JPS50113815A (en) | 1975-09-06 |
| US3895152A (en) | 1975-07-15 |
| SE7412588L (en) | 1975-06-27 |
| CA999290A (en) | 1976-11-02 |
| FR2256365A1 (en) | 1975-07-25 |
| DE2446286A1 (en) | 1975-07-10 |
| NL7414082A (en) | 1975-06-30 |
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