NO20211314A1 - Mechanism of energy extraction - Google Patents
Mechanism of energy extraction Download PDFInfo
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- NO20211314A1 NO20211314A1 NO20211314A NO20211314A NO20211314A1 NO 20211314 A1 NO20211314 A1 NO 20211314A1 NO 20211314 A NO20211314 A NO 20211314A NO 20211314 A NO20211314 A NO 20211314A NO 20211314 A1 NO20211314 A1 NO 20211314A1
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- expansion
- energy
- temperature
- liquid
- compression
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Links
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/04—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/10—Alleged perpetua mobilia
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Description
EntroMission AS 31. oktober 2021 EntroMission AS 31 October 2021
Mekanisme for energiutvinning Mechanism of energy extraction
Mekanismen kan defineres som en termodynamisk syklus. Mekanismen kjennetegnes ved at den kan utvinne mekanisk energi fra normale og lave temperaturer. The mechanism can be defined as a thermodynamic cycle. The mechanism is characterized by the fact that it can extract mechanical energy from normal and low temperatures.
Mekanismen forutsetter ingen kjemiske reaksjoner, og prosessmediet utveksler ikke masse med omgivelsene. Mekanismen er derfor uten utslipp til atmosfæren. The mechanism requires no chemical reactions, and the process medium does not exchange mass with the surroundings. The mechanism is therefore without emissions to the atmosphere.
Mekanismen oppfyller kriteriene for perpetuum mobile 2 (perpetual motion machine of the second kind). The mechanism meets the criteria for perpetuum mobile 2 (perpetual motion machine of the second kind).
Mekanismen kan erstatte forbrenningsmotorer, elektromotorer, gassturbiner, vannturbiner, dampturbiner, stirlingmotorer og solceller. The mechanism can replace internal combustion engines, electric motors, gas turbines, water turbines, steam turbines, Stirling engines and solar cells.
Mekanismen forutsetter komponenter som virker med høy presisjon. Dette gjelder spesielt for små enheter og for fluid med liten væskekompressibilitet. Innretninger med de nødvendige egenskaper er kjent fra forbrenningsmotorer og fra andre bruksområder. Slike komponenter kan sikre at ekspansjonsenergien og kompresjonsenergien er i samsvar med de teoretiske beregningene. The mechanism requires components that work with high precision. This applies in particular to small units and to fluids with low fluid compressibility. Devices with the necessary properties are known from internal combustion engines and from other areas of use. Such components can ensure that the expansion energy and compression energy are in accordance with the theoretical calculations.
Beskrivelse av virkemåte Description of operation
1 1
Utgangspunktet er en gitt masse av et gitt fluid, i væskeform, med høy densitet og lav temperatur. The starting point is a given mass of a given fluid, in liquid form, with high density and low temperature.
Temperaturen avhenger av type fluid og varmekilden som skal utnyttes. Den ytre rammen kan være en sylinder med en bevegelig endevegg, utformet som et stempel. The temperature depends on the type of fluid and the heat source to be used. The outer frame can be a cylinder with a movable end wall, designed like a piston.
2 2
Fluidet varmes opp. Temperatur og trykk stiger til ønsket nivå. Volum og densitet holdes uendret (isochor). Etter oppvarming er fluidet enten fortsatt væske, eller det er gått over i superkritisk fase. Tilstanden er avhengig av type fluid og temperaturintervall. Betegnelsen høy temperatur skal forståes relativt, ikke absolutt. Høy temperatur kan således bety -18<0>C hvis lav temperatur er -32<0>C. The fluid is heated. Temperature and pressure rise to the desired level. Volume and density are kept unchanged (isochor). After heating, the fluid is either still liquid, or it has passed into the supercritical phase. The condition depends on the type of fluid and temperature range. The term high temperature should be understood relatively, not absolutely. High temperature can thus mean -18<0>C if low temperature is -32<0>C.
3 3
Når varmen er tilført, kan volumet øke. Stempelet overfører da mekanisk energi fra fluid til praktisk utnyttelse, med den følge at fluidets temperatur og trykk synker. Energien overføres fra stempelet ved hjelp av veivaksel, kamaksel, eksenteraksel eller tannstang. Once the heat is applied, the volume may increase. The piston then transfers mechanical energy from the fluid to practical use, with the result that the fluid's temperature and pressure drop. The energy is transferred from the piston by means of a crankshaft, camshaft, eccentric shaft or rack and pinion.
4 4
Ved nærmere angitt densitet og temperatur ekspanderer ikke væsken mer. Punktet kalles metning (engelsk saturation). Ekspansjonen fortsetter etter metning, men fluidet opptrer nå som gass og væske (2-fase). Temperaturen og densiteten synker videre, men væskedensiteten stiger. At specified density and temperature, the liquid does not expand any more. The point is called saturation. The expansion continues after saturation, but the fluid now acts as gas and liquid (2-phase). The temperature and density continue to drop, but the liquid density rises.
5 5
Ved nærmere angitt volum og/eller densitet for 2-fasefluidet avsluttes ekspansjonen. When the volume and/or density for the 2-phase fluid is specified, the expansion ends.
EntroMission AS 31. oktober 2021 EntroMission AS 31 October 2021
6 6
Sylinderen tømmes. Innholdet føres til en anordning som separerer væske og gass. The cylinder is emptied. The contents are fed to a device that separates liquid and gas.
7 7
Gassdelen fortettes under kjøling. En kompressor (f. eks. roots- eller stempelkompressor) drives med energi fra ekspansjonen, og en varmeveksler begrenser kompresjonstemperaturen. Den fortettede gassen skal (se punkt 8) sammenføres med den utskilte væskedelen (fra punkt 6). Forholdstallet for masse/volum i denne blandingen skal gi samme densitet som i punkt 1. Dette er bestemmende for hvilken densitet gassdelen skal fortettes til. Også blandingstemperaturen må være den samme som fluidet har i punkt 1. Dette avgjør graden av kompresjonskjøling. Disse to forutsetningene; samme densitet og temperatur som i punkt 1, gjelder hvis forløpet skal kunne repeteres kontinuerlig, i en termodynamisk syklus. The gas part condenses during cooling. A compressor (e.g. roots or piston compressor) is driven by energy from the expansion, and a heat exchanger limits the compression temperature. The condensed gas must (see point 8) be combined with the separated liquid part (from point 6). The mass/volume ratio in this mixture must give the same density as in point 1. This determines the density to which the gas part must be condensed. The mixture temperature must also be the same as the fluid in point 1. This determines the degree of compression cooling. These two assumptions; the same density and temperature as in point 1, applies if the process is to be able to be repeated continuously, in a thermodynamic cycle.
8 8
Gassen er fortettet til en form for væske, i samsvar med disse forutsetningene (punkt 7). Denne væsken føres sammen med den utskilte væskedelen (fra punkt 6). Sammenføringen forutsettes å være isentalpisk. Dette betyr at delprosessen foregår uten kompresjonsenergi eller varmeutveksling med omgivelsene. The gas is condensed into a form of liquid, in accordance with these assumptions (point 7). This liquid is fed together with the separated liquid part (from point 6). The combination is assumed to be isenthalpic. This means that the partial process takes place without compression energy or heat exchange with the surroundings.
Blandingen av de to væsketilstandene befinner seg deretter i et sammenhengende volum. Tilstanden er her den samme som i punkt 1. Dette innebærer at delprosessene har fullført en termodynamisk syklus. The mixture of the two liquid states is then located in a continuous volume. The state here is the same as in point 1. This means that the sub-processes have completed a thermodynamic cycle.
Praktiske forutsetninger for gjennomføring Practical prerequisites for implementation
En praktisk utførelse stiller strenge krav til materialkvalitet, prosesstyring og kjøling. To av delprosessene; væskeekspansjon og fortetting av utskilt gass, vil avgjøre om mekanismen fungerer. Grunnen er at avgitt energi i ekspansjonen må være større enn summen av internt kompresjonsarbeid (dvs. drift av kompressor) og mekaniske tap. A practical design makes strict demands on material quality, process management and cooling. Two of the sub-processes; liquid expansion and condensation of secreted gas will determine whether the mechanism works. The reason is that the energy released in the expansion must be greater than the sum of internal compression work (i.e. operation of the compressor) and mechanical losses.
Prosess væskeekspansjon Process liquid expansion
Ekspansjon av væske, fra høyeste temperatur og ned til metning, representerer hoveddelen av den avgitte mekaniske energien. Denne termodynamiske delprosessen kan ikke avvike mye fra isentropisk/reversibel prosess. Videre må densiteten holdes innenfor forutsetningene, ellers reduseres energiutbyttet betydelig. Dette betyr at: Expansion of liquid, from the highest temperature down to saturation, represents the main part of the released mechanical energy. This thermodynamic sub-process cannot deviate much from isentropic/reversible process. Furthermore, the density must be kept within the prerequisites, otherwise the energy yield is significantly reduced. This means:
a.) mengdemåling og styring må være eksakt a.) quantity measurement and management must be exact
b.) ekspansjonen må være uten lekkasjer og uten masseutveksling (dvs. et lukket system) b.) the expansion must be without leaks and without mass exchange (i.e. a closed system)
c.) ekspansjonen må skje med minst mulig varmeutveksling (dvs. et tilnærmet adiabatisk/isolert system) EntroMission AS 31. oktober 2021 c.) the expansion must take place with the least possible heat exchange (i.e. an approximately adiabatic/isolated system) EntroMission AS 31 October 2021
Varmeutveksling i denne delprosessen vil, på grunn av små temperaturforskjeller, være ubetydelig. Heat exchange in this sub-process will, due to small temperature differences, be negligible.
Lekkasjer og upresis styring av mengde/tid kan derimot ha sterk innvirkning. Derfor bør sylindre, stempler og ventiler ha samme overflatestandard og tetting som stempelpumper i drivstoffinnsprøytning for dieseleller multistoffmotorer. For styring og mengdemåling kan det benyttes magnetventiler som i common rail. Leaks and imprecise management of quantity/time can, on the other hand, have a strong impact. Therefore, cylinders, pistons and valves should have the same surface standard and sealing as piston pumps in fuel injection for diesel or multi-fuel engines. For control and quantity measurement, solenoid valves can be used as in common rail.
Prinsippet common rail ble utviklet på 1990-tallet, og det var i serieproduksjon så tidlig som i 1998. Dieselpumper og innsprøytningsventiler er driftssikre og slitesterke anordninger. De gir høy presisjon for masse og tid (milligram og millisekund), ved høyt trykk (150 – 200 MPa) og ved lav temperatur (-40<0>C). The common rail principle was developed in the 1990s, and it was in series production as early as 1998. Diesel pumps and injection valves are reliable and durable devices. They provide high precision for mass and time (milligrams and milliseconds), at high pressure (150 – 200 MPa) and at low temperature (-40<0>C).
Fortetting av gassdelen Condensation of the gas part
Gassdelen, som skilles ut fra 2-fasefluidet ved hjelp av en separator, skal fortettes til væskedensitet (punkt 7). Hvis gassen komprimeres uten kjøling, vil temperaturen øke i samsvar med isentropisk prosess. Dette innebærer trykkøkning som er mye brattere enn densitetsøkningen, og tilsvarende økt kompresjonsenergi. The gas part, which is separated from the 2-phase fluid by means of a separator, must be condensed to liquid density (point 7). If the gas is compressed without cooling, the temperature will increase in accordance with isentropic process. This involves an increase in pressure that is much steeper than the increase in density, and correspondingly increased compression energy.
Uten kjøling vil kompresjonsenergien derfor overstige utbyttet fra væskeekspansjonen. Differansen blir da negativ. Dette er det motsatte av energiutbytte. Dessuten blir blandingstemperaturen for væske og fortettet gass høyere enn reservoartemperaturen, og blandingsfluidet kan da ikke motta varmeenergi fra reservoaret. Uten kompresjonskjøling av gassen kan mekanismen altså ikke fungere. Without cooling, the compression energy will therefore exceed the yield from the liquid expansion. The difference then becomes negative. This is the opposite of energy yield. In addition, the mixture temperature for liquid and condensed gas becomes higher than the reservoir temperature, and the mixture fluid cannot then receive heat energy from the reservoir. Without compression cooling of the gas, the mechanism cannot work.
Kjøling er spesielt viktig i den delen av kompresjonsforløpet der gassen kondenseres til væske. Her skal betydelig energi fjernes ved varmeutveksling. Kompresjonstemperaturen i gassen bør begrenses til 20 grader over den varmekilden (temperaturreservoaret) som skal utnyttes. Hvis temperaturen som skal utnyttes er -13<0>C, bør kompresjonstemperaturen ikke overstige 7<0>C. Cooling is particularly important in the part of the compression process where the gas is condensed into liquid. Here, considerable energy must be removed by heat exchange. The compression temperature in the gas should be limited to 20 degrees above the heat source (temperature reservoir) to be used. If the temperature to be used is -13<0>C, the compression temperature should not exceed 7<0>C.
Til kjølingen kan det benyttes en konvensjonell varmeveksler; en ladeluftkjøler (intercooler) for turbomotor. Den kan utstyres med vannkappe og utvendig kjølekrets med vann-til-luft. Man kan eventuelt velge en marinisert utgave direkte. Volumet må være så stort at eksponeringstiden blir lang nok. A conventional heat exchanger can be used for cooling; a charge air cooler (intercooler) for a turbo engine. It can be equipped with a water jacket and external cooling circuit with water-to-air. You can optionally choose a marinated version directly. The volume must be large enough that the exposure time is long enough.
Separasjon av 2-fasefluid Separation of 2-phase fluid
En anordning for separasjon av 2-fasefluid er godt kjent fra Linde-prosessen, for fremstilling av flytende luft. I Linde-prosessen opptrer luft som gass og væske samtidig, og tilstandene må separeres. Luft i flytende fase er utgangspunkt for produksjon av oksygen, nitrogen, CO2 og edelgasser. I petroleumsindustrien benyttes innretninger som skiller ut tørrgass og våtgass fra rikgass (hydrokarboner). A device for separation of 2-phase fluid is well known from the Linde process, for the production of liquid air. In the Linde process, air acts as gas and liquid at the same time, and the states must be separated. Air in the liquid phase is the starting point for the production of oxygen, nitrogen, CO2 and noble gases. In the petroleum industry, devices are used that separate dry gas and wet gas from rich gas (hydrocarbons).
Mekaniske tap Mechanical losses
Det er bare de termodynamiske delprosessene ekspansjon og kompresjon som representerer mekanisk energi av særlig betydning. Stempler, sylindre og aksler vil gi omtrent samme mekaniske motstand (friksjon) i foreliggende mekanisme som ved bruk i forbrenningsmotor. Only the thermodynamic sub-processes expansion and compression represent mechanical energy of particular importance. Pistons, cylinders and shafts will provide approximately the same mechanical resistance (friction) in the present mechanism as when used in an internal combustion engine.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20211314A NO20211314A1 (en) | 2021-10-31 | 2021-10-31 | Mechanism of energy extraction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20211314A NO20211314A1 (en) | 2021-10-31 | 2021-10-31 | Mechanism of energy extraction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20211314A1 true NO20211314A1 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
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ID=86546571
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20211314A NO20211314A1 (en) | 2021-10-31 | 2021-10-31 | Mechanism of energy extraction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO20211314A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO20240197A1 (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-01 | Entromission As | Perpetuum mobile type 2 for nitrogen and normal temperatures |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019168404A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Entromission As | Perpetuum mobile of the second kind |
-
2021
- 2021-10-31 NO NO20211314A patent/NO20211314A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019168404A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Entromission As | Perpetuum mobile of the second kind |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO20240197A1 (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-01 | Entromission As | Perpetuum mobile type 2 for nitrogen and normal temperatures |
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