[go: up one dir, main page]

NO20060028L - Processing of C4 olefin drums for maximum propylene production - Google Patents

Processing of C4 olefin drums for maximum propylene production

Info

Publication number
NO20060028L
NO20060028L NO20060028A NO20060028A NO20060028L NO 20060028 L NO20060028 L NO 20060028L NO 20060028 A NO20060028 A NO 20060028A NO 20060028 A NO20060028 A NO 20060028A NO 20060028 L NO20060028 L NO 20060028L
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
isobutylene
ethylene
propylene
drums
olefin
Prior art date
Application number
NO20060028A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO334498B1 (en
Inventor
Robert J Gartside
Marvin I Greene
Original Assignee
Abb Lummus Global Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Lummus Global Inc filed Critical Abb Lummus Global Inc
Publication of NO20060028L publication Critical patent/NO20060028L/en
Publication of NO334498B1 publication Critical patent/NO334498B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C6/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
    • C07C6/02Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
    • C07C6/04Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/02Alkenes
    • C07C11/06Propene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C07C2521/08Silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/10Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • C07C2523/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C07C2523/30Tungsten
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

For å maksimere produksjonen av propylen når den eksterne tilføringen av etylen er begrenset, blir C4-andelen fra en hydrokarbon-crackingprosess først utsatt for autometatese, før eventuell isobutylenfjerning og uten eventuell tilsetning av etylen. Dette begunstiger reaksjonene som produserer propylen og pentener. Etylenet og propylenet som blir produsert blir så fjernet, noe som resulterer i en strømning av C4-ene og tyngre komponenter. C5 og tyngre komponenter blir så fjernet og etterlater en blanding av 1-buten, 2-buten, isobutylen og iso- og normale butaner. Isobutylenet blir så fjernet, fortrinnsvis med en katalytisk destillasjon-hydroisomeriseringsisobutylenfjerner. Den isobutylenfrie C4-strømningen blir så blandet med produktetylenet fjernet fra autometateseproduktet sammen med eventuell nødvendig frisk ekstern etylen, og utsatt for konvensjonell metatese som produserer ytterligere propylen.In order to maximize the production of propylene when the external supply of ethylene is limited, the C4 portion of a hydrocarbon cracking process is first subjected to autometathesis, before any isobutylene removal and without any addition of ethylene. This favors the reactions that produce propylene and pentenes. The ethylene and propylene produced are then removed, resulting in a flow of the C4s and heavier components. C5 and heavier components are then removed leaving a mixture of 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene and iso- and normal butanes. The isobutylene is then removed, preferably with a catalytic distillation-hydroisomerization isobutylene remover. The isobutylene-free C4 flow is then mixed with the product ethylene removed from the autometate product together with any necessary fresh external ethylene, and subjected to conventional metathesis producing additional propylene.

NO20060028A 2003-07-15 2006-01-04 Processing of C4 olefin streams for maximum propylene production NO334498B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/620,186 US7214841B2 (en) 2003-07-15 2003-07-15 Processing C4 olefin streams for the maximum production of propylene
PCT/US2004/022118 WO2005009929A2 (en) 2003-07-15 2004-07-12 Processing c4 olefin streams for the maximum production of propylene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO20060028L true NO20060028L (en) 2006-04-12
NO334498B1 NO334498B1 (en) 2014-03-17

Family

ID=34062728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO20060028A NO334498B1 (en) 2003-07-15 2006-01-04 Processing of C4 olefin streams for maximum propylene production

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US7214841B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1646598B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4562731B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100799476B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100439301C (en)
AT (1) ATE396163T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0412548B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2532239C (en)
DE (1) DE602004013978D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2307052T3 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06000768A (en)
NO (1) NO334498B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005009929A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200600200B (en)

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060047176A1 (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-02 Gartside Robert J Butane removal in C4 upgrading processes
US7576251B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-08-18 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Process for the double bond hydroisomerization of butenes
CN100586908C (en) * 2006-08-11 2010-02-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Production method for propylene
CN101172925B (en) * 2006-11-02 2010-05-12 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for producing propylene with dismutation of ethylene and butylene
JP5128367B2 (en) * 2008-05-15 2013-01-23 出光興産株式会社 Production plant and distribution ratio setting method
JP5298195B2 (en) 2008-08-12 2013-09-25 ルマス テクノロジー インコーポレイテッド Integrated propylene production
CN102131752A (en) * 2008-08-28 2011-07-20 三井化学株式会社 Olefin manufacturing method
AR078212A1 (en) 2008-09-04 2011-10-26 Basf Catalysts Llc CATALYST FOR ISOMERIZATION AND METALSIS OF OLEFINS
US20100121120A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-13 Conocophillips Company Process for upgrading hydrocarbons
US8791312B2 (en) * 2008-10-30 2014-07-29 Phillips 66 Company Process for upgrading hydrocarbons
US8119849B2 (en) * 2008-12-29 2012-02-21 Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. Propylene production
US8722557B2 (en) * 2008-12-30 2014-05-13 Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. Catalyst regeneration
US7982086B2 (en) * 2009-02-03 2011-07-19 Catalytic Distillation Technologies Deisobutenizer
US8258357B2 (en) * 2009-03-25 2012-09-04 Lummus Technology Inc. Production of propylene from butane
US8586813B2 (en) * 2009-07-21 2013-11-19 Lummus Technology Inc. Catalyst for metathesis of ethylene and 2-butene and/or double bond isomerization
US8178736B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2012-05-15 Lummus Technology Inc. Process and system for the production of isoprene
US8324440B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2012-12-04 Uop Llc Support properties of silica supported catalysts and their use in olefin metathesis
US8895795B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2014-11-25 Uop Llc Acid washed silica supported catalysts and their use in olefin metathesis
US8704028B2 (en) * 2010-03-30 2014-04-22 Uop Llc Conversion of acyclic symmetrical olefins to higher and lower carbon number olefin products
US8704029B2 (en) * 2010-03-30 2014-04-22 Uop Llc Conversion of butylene to propylene under olefin metathesis conditions
US8389788B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2013-03-05 Uop Llc Olefin metathesis reactant ratios used with tungsten hydride catalysts
US8128879B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2012-03-06 Uop Llc Apparatus for increasing weight of olefins
US8471084B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2013-06-25 Uop Llc Process for increasing weight of olefins
US8722950B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2014-05-13 Saudi Basic Industries Corporation Process for producing propylene and aromatics from butenes by metathesis and aromatization
CN102372573B (en) * 2010-08-23 2014-07-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing propylene by using etherified C4 and ethylene
US8935891B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-01-20 Uop Llc Olefin metathesis catalyst containing tungsten fluorine bonds
CN102875308A (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for producing propylene and hexene by butene disproportionation
FR2977890B1 (en) 2011-07-15 2013-07-19 IFP Energies Nouvelles PROCESS FOR THE METATHESIS OF OLEFINS USING A CATALYST BASED ON A SPHERICAL MATERIAL COMPRISING OXIDATED METAL PARTICLES PIEGEED IN A MESOSTRUCTURED MATRIX
CN103030509B (en) * 2011-09-29 2015-06-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing propylene by C4 and ethylene
CN103030512B (en) * 2011-09-30 2015-10-21 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The method of production of hexene by butene disproportionation
CA2860773C (en) 2012-01-13 2020-11-03 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Process for separating hydrocarbon compounds
EP2855005A2 (en) 2012-05-24 2015-04-08 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Oxidative coupling of methane systems and methods
US9670113B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2017-06-06 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Natural gas processing and systems
CN103539613B (en) * 2012-07-12 2016-04-13 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The production method of propylene
CN103539615B (en) * 2012-07-12 2015-04-08 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing propylene through disproportionation of C4
SG11201501890YA (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-04-29 Lummus Technology Inc Propylene via metathesis with low or no ethylene
US20140121429A1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2014-05-01 Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. Propylene production process with heavies recycle
WO2014077997A1 (en) * 2012-11-19 2014-05-22 Lummus Technology Inc. Process to produce linear pentenes and metathesis thereof
CA2893948C (en) 2012-12-07 2022-12-06 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Integrated processes and systems for conversion of methane to ethylene and conversion of ethylene to higher hydrocarbon products
US9309168B2 (en) * 2013-01-10 2016-04-12 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Staged propylene production process
US9688591B2 (en) * 2013-01-10 2017-06-27 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Ethylene separation process
EP2786978B1 (en) * 2013-04-03 2016-12-07 Scg Chemicals Co. Ltd. Process for converting paraffin to olefin and catalyst for use therein
CN103772114B (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-09-16 山东海成石化工程设计有限公司 A kind of method of catalytic isomerization butylene concentration
CN104447163B (en) * 2013-09-24 2016-08-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The method producing propylene
WO2015081122A2 (en) 2013-11-27 2015-06-04 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane
CA2935937A1 (en) 2014-01-08 2015-07-16 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Ethylene-to-liquids systems and methods
US10377682B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2019-08-13 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane
AU2015204709B2 (en) 2014-01-09 2019-08-15 Lummus Technology Llc Oxidative coupling of methane implementations for olefin production
CN104744199B (en) * 2015-02-10 2016-07-06 中国海洋石油总公司 Processor regeneration method in a kind of Olefin conversion device
US10793490B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2020-10-06 Lummus Technology Llc Oxidative coupling of methane methods and systems
US9334204B1 (en) 2015-03-17 2016-05-10 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Efficient oxidative coupling of methane processes and systems
US20160289143A1 (en) 2015-04-01 2016-10-06 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Advanced oxidative coupling of methane
WO2016205411A2 (en) 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Ethylene-to-liquids systems and methods
US9328297B1 (en) 2015-06-16 2016-05-03 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Ethylene-to-liquids systems and methods
JP6802195B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2020-12-16 サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company Propylene production using mesoporous silica foam metathesis catalyst
WO2017003817A1 (en) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-05 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for producing propylene
US9884794B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2018-02-06 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dual catalyst system for propylene production
JP6803861B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2020-12-23 サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for producing propylene
WO2017065947A1 (en) 2015-10-16 2017-04-20 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Separation methods and systems for oxidative coupling of methane
CN105541543B (en) * 2016-02-15 2018-03-13 天津市兴源化工有限公司 The method of purification of durol
CA3019396A1 (en) 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Oxidative coupling of methane for olefin production
US20180169561A1 (en) 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Siluria Technologies, Inc. Methods and systems for performing chemical separations
CN110088067A (en) * 2016-12-21 2019-08-02 沙特基础全球技术有限公司 By the method for the hydrocarbon flow production alkene of catalytic cracking
US10550048B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2020-02-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Multiple-stage catalyst system for self-metathesis with controlled isomerization and cracking
US10329225B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2019-06-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dual catalyst processes and systems for propylene production
US10934231B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2021-03-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Multiple-stage catalyst systems and processes for propene production
RU2764097C2 (en) 2017-05-23 2022-01-13 Люммус Текнолоджи Ллс Integration of oxidative combination into methane plants
KR20200051583A (en) 2017-07-07 2020-05-13 루머스 테크놀로지 엘엘씨 Systems and methods for oxidative coupling of methane
FR3071832A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-05 IFP Energies Nouvelles PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PROPYLENE FROM ETHYLENE BY DIMERISATION AND METATHESIS
FR3081461B1 (en) * 2018-05-23 2020-05-15 Technip France PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PROPYLENE FLOW AND ASSOCIATED INSTALLATION
US10961171B2 (en) 2018-10-10 2021-03-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Catalysts systems that include metal co-catalysts for the production of propylene
US11242299B2 (en) 2018-10-10 2022-02-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Catalyst systems that include metal oxide co-catalysts for the production of propylene
CN114008007A (en) * 2019-06-24 2022-02-01 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 Method of operating an integrated chemical processing system for the production of olefins
KR102792297B1 (en) * 2019-09-24 2025-04-04 주식회사 엘지화학 Method for preparing propylene
US11311869B2 (en) 2019-12-03 2022-04-26 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Methods of producing isomerization catalysts
US11517892B2 (en) 2019-12-03 2022-12-06 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Methods of producing isomerization catalysts
US11339332B2 (en) * 2020-01-29 2022-05-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and processes integrating fluidized catalytic cracking with metathesis for producing olefins
US11572516B2 (en) 2020-03-26 2023-02-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and processes integrating steam cracking with dual catalyst metathesis for producing olefins
CN115427378A (en) * 2020-04-22 2022-12-02 利安德化学技术有限公司 Production of propylene from butenes
US11926587B2 (en) 2020-09-15 2024-03-12 Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. Process for converting raffinate butenes to propylene
US11679378B2 (en) 2021-02-25 2023-06-20 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Methods of producing isomerization catalysts
US11845705B2 (en) 2021-08-17 2023-12-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Processes integrating hydrocarbon cracking with metathesis for producing propene
CA3228565A1 (en) 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 Gary Podrebarac Methods and systems for performing oxidative coupling of methane

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5087780A (en) 1988-10-31 1992-02-11 Chemical Research & Licensing Company Hydroisomerization process
FR2733978B1 (en) 1995-05-11 1997-06-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE CONVERSION OF OLEFINIC C4 AND C5 CUPS INTO ETHER AND PROPYLENE
ES2142649T3 (en) * 1996-09-27 2000-04-16 Basf Ag PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PROPENO.
DE19640026A1 (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-04-02 Basf Ag Production of propene and 1-butene
FR2755130B1 (en) 1996-10-28 1998-12-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole NEW PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ISOBUTENE AND PROPYLENE FROM FOUR-CARBON HYDROCARBON CUTS
DE19746040A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-22 Basf Ag Propene production giving high yield and selectivity by disproportionation of but-1-ene, but-2-ene and isobutene using a metathesis catalyst based on a transistion metal
DE10013253A1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-09-20 Basf Ag Production of propene and hexene from butenes in a raffinate II C4 fraction comprises reaction with ethene on a Group VIb, VIIb or VIII metal metathesis catalyst
US6777582B2 (en) 2002-03-07 2004-08-17 Abb Lummus Global Inc. Process for producing propylene and hexene from C4 olefin streams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7214841B2 (en) 2007-05-08
BRPI0412548A (en) 2006-09-19
KR100799476B1 (en) 2008-01-31
NO334498B1 (en) 2014-03-17
EP1646598A2 (en) 2006-04-19
DE602004013978D1 (en) 2008-07-03
JP2007531696A (en) 2007-11-08
US20050014981A1 (en) 2005-01-20
JP4562731B2 (en) 2010-10-13
MXPA06000768A (en) 2006-04-18
WO2005009929A2 (en) 2005-02-03
WO2005009929B1 (en) 2005-05-12
BRPI0412548B1 (en) 2014-02-25
ES2307052T3 (en) 2008-11-16
KR20060091291A (en) 2006-08-18
ZA200600200B (en) 2007-04-25
CN1852878A (en) 2006-10-25
CA2532239C (en) 2012-03-20
EP1646598B1 (en) 2008-05-21
CA2532239A1 (en) 2005-02-03
CN100439301C (en) 2008-12-03
WO2005009929A3 (en) 2005-03-10
ATE396163T1 (en) 2008-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NO20060028L (en) Processing of C4 olefin drums for maximum propylene production
NO20033416D0 (en) Production of higher olefins
CA2313850A1 (en) Preparation of c5-/c6 olefins
BR0308235A (en) Process for the production of propylene and hexene from c4 olefin streams
MXPA03010272A (en) Process for making olefins.
EA201100579A1 (en) INTEGRATED METHOD OF JOINT PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE
MY148877A (en) Integrated propylene production
ES2188558T3 (en) OLEFIN PRODUCTION.
DE3470526D1 (en) Small olefin interconversions
NO944857L (en) Fluorenyl-containing metallocenes, process for their preparation and process for polymerization of olefins using the metallocenes
WO2006033759A3 (en) Conversion of oxygenate to propylene with selective hydrogen treatment of heavy olefin recycle stream
AR067419A1 (en) PROCESS FOR PREPARING MOLECULAR SILALALUMINOPHOSPHATE SIZES (SAPO), CATALYSTS CONTAINING SUCH SIZES AND CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION PROCESSES THAT USE SUCH CATALYZERS
EA200601195A1 (en) MOLECULAR SITE OF TYPE SHABAZIT, ITS SYNTHESIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE CONVERSION OF OXYGENATES TO OLEFINS
DE602007007756D1 (en) PREPARATION OF PROPYLENE AND ETHYLENE FROM BUTANEUM AND ETHANE
CN101448767A (en) Process for the preparation of an olefin
RU2007128960A (en) CATALYTIC MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THEM
NO993147L (en) Phosphorus-modified small-pore molecular sieve catalysts and their use in the production of light olefins
AU4536396A (en) Oxygenates and processes for their manufacture
NO20021861L (en) Methods for starting multiple catalyst systems
MY132381A (en) Process for the preparation of alpha olefins
BR0303381B1 (en) a process for preparing a diether-based catalytic component and a process for homo- or copolymerization of alpha olefins.
NO20020281D0 (en) Process for producing propylene from olefinic streams
WO2004069961A3 (en) High purity naphthas for the production of ethylene and propylene
MY127282A (en) Rejuvenating sapo molecular sieve by freeze drying
ATE317726T1 (en) HYDROCARBON STEAM CRACKING CATALYST FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF, AND OLEFIN PRODUCTION PROCESS USING THE CATALYST

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM1K Lapsed by not paying the annual fees