NO180126B - Control circuit - Google Patents
Control circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO180126B NO180126B NO942588A NO942588A NO180126B NO 180126 B NO180126 B NO 180126B NO 942588 A NO942588 A NO 942588A NO 942588 A NO942588 A NO 942588A NO 180126 B NO180126 B NO 180126B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- control
- control circuit
- switch
- connection branch
- accordance
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
- G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en styrekrets for styring av en hydraulisk eller pneumatisk aktivert ventil i et prosessystem, og som faller inn under Oljedirektoratets "Forskrift om sikkerhets- og kommunikajsonssystemer på innretninger i The invention relates to a control circuit for controlling a hydraulically or pneumatically activated valve in a process system, and which falls under the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's "Regulation on safety and communication systems for devices in
petroleumsvirksomheten" eller tilsvarende. En slik styrekrets er beskrevet i innledningen til patentkrav 1. the petroleum business" or equivalent. Such a board of directors is described in the introduction to patent claim 1.
Bakgrunn Background
Oljedirektoratet har utarbeidet sikkerhetsregler for systemer som skal inngå i petroleumsvirksomheten. I forskrift om sikkerhets- og kommunikajsonssystemer på innretninger i petroleum virksom heten", fastsatt 07.02.92, §18, kreves det bl.a. at "Innretninger med utstyr som inneholder hydrokarboner, skal ha nødavstengningssystem. Systemet skal ha høy pålitelighet". Samme sted står det at "Komponenter som inngår i systemet, skal være uavhengig av og i tillegg til andre systemer. Nødavstengningsventiler kan i tillegg benyttes som prosessikringsventil. Systemet skal ikke kunne påvirkes negativt av feil i andre systemer". Det fremgår av dette og andre deler av forskriftene, at signalene for nødavstengning og prosessikring må føres frem til den lokale styrekretsen uavhengig av hverandre. De to systemene kan likevel utnytte samme aktuator, vanligvis en hydraulikk- eller pneumatikksylinder, som f.eks. dreier en kuleventil når produktstrømmen skal stenges av. De to systemene må derfor møtes, og dette skal foregå på en måte som sikrer at ingen feil i den delen av systemet som tilhører prosessikringssystemet kan ha negative konsekvenser for The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has drawn up safety rules for systems that are to be part of the petroleum business. In the regulation on safety and communication systems on installations in the petroleum industry", established 07.02.92, §18, it is required, among other things, that "Installations with equipment containing hydrocarbons must have an emergency shutdown system. The system must have high reliability". In the same place it is stated that "Components included in the system must be independent of and in addition to other systems. Emergency shut-off valves can also be used as process safety valves. The system must not be adversely affected by errors in other systems". It is clear from this and other parts of the regulations that the signals for emergency shutdown and process protection must be forwarded to the local control circuit independently of each other. The two systems can still use the same actuator, usually a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, which for example turns a ball valve when the product flow is to be shut off. The two systems must therefore meet, and this must take place in a way that ensures that no errors in the part of the system belonging to the process safety system can have negative consequences for
nødavstengningssystemets pålitelighet. reliability of the emergency shutdown system.
I den styrekretsen hvor det elektriske signalet omsettes til hydraulisk eller pneumatisk trykk, er det vanlig at egne hydraulikk- eller pneumatikkventiler monteres for nødavstengningssystemet, og andre ventiler monteres for prosessikringssystemet. De to signalene møtes derfor i den hydrauliske eller pneumatiske delen av systemet, ikke i den elektriske delen. Slike kombinerte styrekretser er vel kjente, og det finnes tallrike utforminger av dem i bruk på oljeplattformer og i prosessystemer på land. In the control circuit where the electrical signal is converted to hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, it is common for separate hydraulic or pneumatic valves to be fitted for the emergency shutdown system, and other valves to be fitted for the process safety system. The two signals therefore meet in the hydraulic or pneumatic part of the system, not in the electrical part. Such combined control circuits are well known, and there are numerous designs of them in use on oil platforms and in process systems on land.
De eksisterende styrekretsene er imidlertid beheftet med vesentlige ulemper. De inneholder mange komponenter, hvilket medfører et betydelig vedlikeholdsbehov. I tillegg er de slik utformet at de to signalene ikke kommer frem til aktuatoren uavhengig av hverandre. Dette henger sammen med et lite kjent problem med de hydrauliske eller pneumatiske styre ventilene: Når en ventil sjalter fra en tilstand til en annen, åpnes forbindelsen mellom enkelte porter i ventilen, samtidig som andre forbindelser brytes. Dette foregår i en rekkefølge som er bestemt av hvordan ventilen er konstruert. I noen ventiler er alle ventilportene kortsluttet kortvarig i selve sjalteøyeblikket. Andre styreventiler stenger alle porter mens de sjalter. Det finnes også ventiler som åpner noen porter og stenger andre mens den er i ferd med å sjalte. Hvilken feiltilstand som inntrer hvis styreventilen henger seg opp mens den er i ferd med å sjalte, avhenger derfor av hvordan den er konstruert. Det som i denne sammenheng har interesse, er at alle kjente hydraulikk- og pneumatikkventiler gjennomløper mellombilder mens de sjalter. I motsetning til hva man tidligere har trodd, kan man derfor ikke foreta sikkerhetsstudier av styrekretser ved å studere hydraulikksymbolet som gjelder for styreventilen i fullt sjaltet stilling, og analysere feilmulighetene ut ifra dette. Når man foretar analysene på rett måte, ser man at det ikke oppnås høyere pålitelighet ved å benytte flere styreventiler enn når det kun benyttes en. However, the existing control circuits are subject to significant disadvantages. They contain many components, which entails a significant need for maintenance. In addition, they are designed so that the two signals do not reach the actuator independently of each other. This is connected to a little-known problem with the hydraulic or pneumatic control valves: When a valve switches from one state to another, the connection between certain ports in the valve is opened, while other connections are broken. This takes place in a sequence determined by how the valve is constructed. In some valves, all the valve ports are short-circuited briefly at the moment of switching. Other control valves close all ports while switching. There are also valves that open some ports and close others while it is in the process of switching. The fault condition that occurs if the control valve hangs up while it is in the process of shifting therefore depends on how it is constructed. What is of interest in this context is that all known hydraulic and pneumatic valves pass through intermediate images while switching. Contrary to what has previously been thought, one cannot therefore carry out safety studies of control circuits by studying the hydraulic symbol that applies to the control valve in the fully closed position, and analyze the possibilities of failure based on this. When the analyzes are carried out in the right way, it can be seen that higher reliability is not achieved by using several control valves than when only one is used.
Formål Purpose
Hovedformålet med oppfinnelsen er å skape en styrekrets som virker kombinert for nødavstengning og prosessikring, som kan gjøres enklere og rimeligere og dermed mer vedlikeholdsvennlig og pålitelig enn kjente styrekretser. Nødavstengningssystemet The main purpose of the invention is to create a control circuit that acts combined for emergency shutdown and process protection, which can be made simpler and cheaper and thus more maintenance-friendly and reliable than known control circuits. The emergency shutdown system
må virke helt uavhengig av prosessikringen, uansett hvilken type hydraulikk- eller pneumatikkventil som brukes. must work completely independently of the process safety, regardless of the type of hydraulic or pneumatic valve used.
Oppfinnelsen The invention
Dette oppnås i følge oppfinnelsen ved å utforme styresystemet som angitt i den karakteriserende delen av patentkrav 1. Dette betyr at nødavstengnings- og prosessikringssystemet er integrert i en koplingsboks med releer, halvlederelementer eller lignende, slik at kun ett elektrisk signal videreføres til den hydrauliske eller pneumatiske delen av systemet. Den hydrauliske eller pneumatiske styringsventilen er elektrisk operert og har fortrinnsvis fjærretur. Når strømmen på magnetene brytes, sjalter den automatisk til sikker posisjon, slik at aktuatoren stenger. Ved å bruke den kombinerte styrekretsen for nødavstengnings- og prosessikringssystemet i følge oppfinnelsen, oppnås et enklere, billigere, mer vedlikeholdsvennlig og mer pålitelig panel. Oljedirektoratets krav om at nødavstengningssystemer skal være helt uavhengig av prosessikringsystemene tilfredstilles fullt ut, uansett hvilken type hydraulikk- eller pneumatikkventil som brukes. This is achieved according to the invention by designing the control system as stated in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. This means that the emergency shutdown and process protection system is integrated in a junction box with relays, semiconductor elements or the like, so that only one electrical signal is forwarded to the hydraulic or pneumatic part of the system. The hydraulic or pneumatic control valve is electrically operated and preferably has spring return. When the current on the magnets is interrupted, it automatically switches to the safe position, so that the actuator closes. By using the combined control circuit for the emergency shutdown and process protection system according to the invention, a simpler, cheaper, more maintainable and more reliable panel is achieved. The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's requirement that emergency shutdown systems must be completely independent of the process safety systems is fully satisfied, regardless of the type of hydraulic or pneumatic valve used.
Eksempel Example
Oppfinnelsen vil nedenfor bli beskrevet nærmere under henvisning til tegningene, hvor figuren viser et koblingsdiagram for en styrekrets utformet i samsvar med oppfinnelsen. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, where the figure shows a connection diagram for a control circuit designed in accordance with the invention.
En kombinert styrekrets er vist på figuren. Et eventuelt nødavstengningssignal ledes inn på en første styreledning 10 fra en ytre, ikke vist krets for nødavstengning og føres gjennom den første kretsgrenen 11 ut på en felles signalledning 12. Mellom nødstyreledningen 10 og signalledningen 12 finnes en tastbryter 13 og en relestyrt bryter 14, plassert i serie mellom inngang og utgang til kretsgren 11. Parallelt med tastebryteren 13 er det plassert en relestyrt bryter 15, hvis spole 16 er koblet til kretsgren 11 mellom tastebryteren 13 og den relestyrte bryteren 14. A combined control circuit is shown in the figure. A possible emergency shutdown signal is fed into a first control line 10 from an external, not shown, circuit for emergency shutdown and is fed through the first circuit branch 11 onto a common signal line 12. Between the emergency control line 10 and the signal line 12 there is a pushbutton switch 13 and a relay-controlled switch 14, located in series between the input and output of circuit branch 11. A relay-controlled switch 15 is placed parallel to the push-button switch 13, whose coil 16 is connected to circuit branch 11 between the push-button switch 13 and the relay-controlled switch 14.
Et prosessikringssignal ledes inn på styreledning 17 til en annen kretsgren 18. Kretsgrenen 18 har i serie en tastbryter 19 og relespolen 20 som styrer bryteren 14. A process protection signal is fed into the control line 17 to another circuit branch 18. The circuit branch 18 has in series a key switch 19 and the relay coil 20 which controls the switch 14.
Istedenfor releene 14, 20 og 15, 16 kan det brukes halvlederelement eller tilsvarende. Oppkoblingen er slik utført at eventuelle feil som oppstår i relespolen 20 som binder sammen de to kretsgrenene 11 og 18, eller feil i prosessikringssystemet, ikke kan forhindre nødavstengning. Instead of the relays 14, 20 and 15, 16, a semiconductor element or equivalent can be used. The connection is made in such a way that any errors that occur in the relay coil 20 that binds together the two circuit branches 11 and 18, or errors in the process protection system, cannot prevent emergency shutdown.
Signalledningen 12 er ført til en pilotventil 21 som manøvrerer aktuatoren 22 til en styreventil 23. For drift av aktuatoren 22 finnes en hydraulisk eller pneumatisk trykkilde 24. Den kan ha et fordelingssystem med lokale akkumulatorer eller trykktank. En returledning 25 går som regel til friluft i pneumatiske systemer, og tilbake til tank i hydrauliske systemer. The signal line 12 is led to a pilot valve 21 which maneuvers the actuator 22 to a control valve 23. For operation of the actuator 22 there is a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure source 24. It can have a distribution system with local accumulators or pressure tank. A return line 25 usually goes to the open air in pneumatic systems, and back to the tank in hydraulic systems.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO942588A NO180126C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Control circuit |
| AU29920/95A AU2992095A (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1995-06-26 | Control circuit |
| PCT/NO1995/000111 WO1996001954A1 (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1995-06-26 | Control circuit |
| GB9622415A GB2302189B (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1995-06-26 | Control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO942588A NO180126C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Control circuit |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO942588D0 NO942588D0 (en) | 1994-07-11 |
| NO942588L NO942588L (en) | 1996-01-12 |
| NO180126B true NO180126B (en) | 1996-11-11 |
| NO180126C NO180126C (en) | 1997-02-19 |
Family
ID=19897248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO942588A NO180126C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Control circuit |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2992095A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2302189B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO180126C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996001954A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10128354B4 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2004-11-18 | Georg Fischer Rohrverbindungstechnik Gmbh | Device for preventing unintentional restart |
| CN102588388B (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2015-02-18 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Starting protection device and method of hydraulic system and engineering machinery |
| US11105526B1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-08-31 | Integrated Global Services, Inc. | Safety shutdown systems and methods for LNG, crude oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and other facilities |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3034424A1 (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1982-04-29 | Daimler Benz Ag | SAFETY CIRCUIT FOR ELECTRONIC THROTTLE VALVE CONTROL OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| GB2262624A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-23 | Vickers Systems Ltd | Input/output amplifier device entegrally mounted with hydraulic valve. |
-
1994
- 1994-07-11 NO NO942588A patent/NO180126C/en unknown
-
1995
- 1995-06-26 WO PCT/NO1995/000111 patent/WO1996001954A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-26 AU AU29920/95A patent/AU2992095A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-26 GB GB9622415A patent/GB2302189B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1996001954A1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| AU2992095A (en) | 1996-02-09 |
| NO942588D0 (en) | 1994-07-11 |
| GB2302189B (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| NO180126C (en) | 1997-02-19 |
| GB9622415D0 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
| NO942588L (en) | 1996-01-12 |
| GB2302189A (en) | 1997-01-08 |
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