NO160107B - ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE INCLUDING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION FOR PASSING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT BETWEEN COPPER AND TITAN CONDUCTORS. - Google Patents
ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE INCLUDING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION FOR PASSING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT BETWEEN COPPER AND TITAN CONDUCTORS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO160107B NO160107B NO814067A NO814067A NO160107B NO 160107 B NO160107 B NO 160107B NO 814067 A NO814067 A NO 814067A NO 814067 A NO814067 A NO 814067A NO 160107 B NO160107 B NO 160107B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- titanium
- conductor
- threaded
- conductors
- Prior art date
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum or silver) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUYOGGFTLHZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Cu] IUYOGGFTLHZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
Description
Denne oppfinnelse angår et elektrolytisk apparat innbefattende en elektrisk forbindelse for passasje av en elektrisk strøm mellom kobber- og titanledere. This invention relates to an electrolytic apparatus including an electrical connection for the passage of an electrical current between copper and titanium conductors.
Det er kjent at kobber har god ledningsevne for elektrisk strøm, men korroderes sterkt av visse media, eksempelvis fuktig klor og sure, oksyderende klorider, som kan være til stede i og rundt apparater som bruker elektrisk strøm, f.eks. elektrolyseceller. Det er også kjent at titan har god resistens mot å korroderes av klor og andre media, men har en elektrisk motstand som er meget høyere, og således en ledningsevne som er meget lavere, enn kobbers. It is known that copper has good conductivity for electrical current, but is strongly corroded by certain media, for example moist chlorine and acidic, oxidizing chlorides, which may be present in and around appliances that use electrical current, e.g. electrolysis cells. It is also known that titanium has good resistance to being corroded by chlorine and other media, but has an electrical resistance that is much higher, and thus a conductivity that is much lower, than that of copper.
For å dra fordel av både kobberets elektriske ledningsevne og titanets korrosjonsresistens må man kombinere de to metaller på en slik måte at god elektrisk ledningsevne og lav kontaktmotstand mellom metallene opprettholdes. Her gjør pro-blemer seg gjeldende. To take advantage of both copper's electrical conductivity and titanium's corrosion resistance, the two metals must be combined in such a way that good electrical conductivity and low contact resistance between the metals is maintained. This is where problems arise.
Da konvensjonell lodding eller slaglodding ikke har vært tilfredsstillende for skjøting av titan til kobber (eller til andre godt ledende metaller så som aluminium eller sølv) har man forsøkt mekanisk festing ved bolting, klinking eller krymp-ing, eller mer komplekse metoder så som eksplosjons-cladding eller koekstrudering. Alle disse har imidlertid ulemper. Mekanisk tilveiebragte sammenføyninger er, selv om de til å be-gynne med er rene og tette, sterkt utsatt for inntrengning av korrosive media og utvikler utilfreds-stillende høy elektrisk motstand, spesielt når forholdsvis store overflatearealer av ark, plater, stenger eller andre metallprodukter må sammen-føyes, og har tendens til å bli vindskjeve eller undergå annen deformering. Sammenføyninger eller skjøter fremstilt ved cladding eller ekstrudering er kostbare, under tiden prohibi-tivt kostbare, og utelukker erstatning, omplassering eller demontering og gjenoppbygging av apparater. As conventional soldering or brazing has not been satisfactory for joining titanium to copper (or to other well-conducting metals such as aluminum or silver), mechanical fastening by bolting, riveting or crimping, or more complex methods such as explosive cladding or coextrusion. However, all of these have drawbacks. Mechanically provided joints, even if they are clean and tight to begin with, are highly susceptible to the penetration of corrosive media and develop unsatisfactorily high electrical resistance, especially when relatively large surface areas of sheets, plates, rods or other metal products have to be are joined together, and tend to become warped or undergo other deformation. Joins or joints made by cladding or extrusion are expensive, currently prohibitively expensive, and preclude replacement, relocation or disassembly and rebuilding of apparatus.
Det er således fremdeles et behov for en praktisk måte There is thus still a need for a practical way
til å danne elektrisk forbindelse mellom kobber- og titankomponenter i apparater for kommersiell anvendelse i korrosi- to form an electrical connection between copper and titanium components in devices for commercial use in corrosion
ve miljøer, og spesielt til å lede høye strømstyrker, eksempelvis 300 ampere og mer, fra elektriske ledere, eksempelvis kobber-samleskinner, til titankomponenter, eksempelvis under-støttelsesskinner eller elektroder, forbundet med elektrolyse- ve environments, and especially to conduct high currents, e.g. 300 amperes and more, from electrical conductors, e.g. copper busbars, to titanium components, e.g. support rails or electrodes, connected to electrolysis
celler, så som celler som arbeider med vandige kloridelektro-lytter. cells, such as cells working with aqueous chloride electrolytes.
Oppfinnelsen med foretrukne utførelsesformer er angitt The invention with preferred embodiments is indicated
i kravene, og det vises til disse. Et gjenget forbindelsesstykke er i og for seg kjent fra GB 1 177 558. in the requirements, and reference is made to these. A threaded connection piece is known per se from GB 1 177 558.
Kobberlederen har med fordel en stubb-del som strekker seg fra titankomponenten og er utformet til å passe godt an mot kobberlederen, som kan være en strømbærer så som en samleskinne, slik at god kontakt mellom metallene sikres. For opprettholdelse av god kontakt mellom stubben og strømbæreren, og også til hjelp ved posisjoneringen av disse, er stubben med fordel forsynt med hakk som kommer i inngrep med et tilsvarende utformet fremspring fra samleskinnen eller annen leder. The copper conductor advantageously has a stub part that extends from the titanium component and is designed to fit well against the copper conductor, which can be a current carrier such as a busbar, so that good contact between the metals is ensured. In order to maintain good contact between the stub and the current carrier, and also to help with the positioning of these, the stub is advantageously provided with a notch that engages with a correspondingly designed projection from the busbar or other conductor.
Kobberlederen har fortrinnsvis eri utvendig gjengning og skrues inn i en innvendig gjenget fordypning i titanlederen, men alternativt kan den gjengede forbindelse ifølge oppfinnelsen lages ved hjelp av en utvendig gjenget tapp eller gjenget ende-del på en titanleder og en innvendig gjenget hette av kobber. The copper conductor preferably has an external thread and is screwed into an internally threaded recess in the titanium conductor, but alternatively the threaded connection according to the invention can be made using an externally threaded pin or threaded end part of a titanium conductor and an internally threaded copper cap.
En av fordelene med oppfinnelsen er at de gjengede for-mer av forbindelsesstykket og fordypningen tilveiebringer et større overflatekontakt-areal pr. lengdeenhet enn hva som vil-le bli oppnådd hvis enkle sylindriske fordypninger og innset-ninger med den samme diameter ble anvendt. Dette muliggjør oppnåelse av lave strømtettheter ved kobber-titan-forbindelsen. For oppnåelse av størst mulig overflatekontakt-areal og kontinuerlig kontakt mellom metallene anvendes hensikts-messig en gjengning minst så fin som "National Coarse". One of the advantages of the invention is that the threaded forms of the connecting piece and the recess provide a larger surface contact area per unit of length than would be obtained if simple cylindrical recesses and inserts of the same diameter were used. This enables the achievement of low current densities at the copper-titanium connection. To achieve the largest possible surface contact area and continuous contact between the metals, a thread at least as fine as "National Coarse" is suitably used.
Rette gjenger (med ensartet diameter) bør anvendes heller enn kon-formede gjenger, slik at forbindelsesstykket kan regule-res under bibehold av kontinuerlig kontakt. Straight threads (of uniform diameter) should be used rather than cone-shaped threads, so that the connecting piece can be adjusted while maintaining continuous contact.
Titanlederen kan være av rent eller handelsrent titan, eksempelvis 99 % titan eller mer, med opp til 1 % tolerable forurensninger, eller eventuelt en legering med høyt titan-innhold inneholdende ca. 90 % titan eller mer. Kobberet i forbindelsesstykket er fortrinnsvis av en kvalitet med høy ledningsevne. The titanium conductor can be pure or commercially pure titanium, for example 99% titanium or more, with up to 1% tolerable impurities, or possibly an alloy with a high titanium content containing approx. 90% titanium or more. The copper in the connecting piece is preferably of a quality with high conductivity.
Titan- og kobber-lederne kan ha hvilken som helst ønsket form, eksempelvis skinner, stenger, plater, støpestykker, tverrskinner, bærere eller hengere. Spesielt kan forbindel-ser i henhold til oppfinnelsen med fordel anvendes i elektrolyseceller, eksempelvis elektropletteringsceller i hvilke det anvendes titankurver, eller elektroutvinningsceller i hvilke det anvendes titananoder, hvor forbindelsen er mellom en kobber-samleskinne og en titan-tverrskinne eller anodebærer, og oppfinnelsen innbefatter slike elektrolyseceller. The titanium and copper conductors can have any desired shape, for example rails, rods, plates, castings, cross rails, carriers or hangers. In particular, connections according to the invention can be advantageously used in electrolysis cells, for example electroplating cells in which titanium baskets are used, or electrorecovery cells in which titanium anodes are used, where the connection is between a copper bus bar and a titanium cross rail or anode carrier, and the invention includes such electrolysis cells.
En utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen skal nå som eksempel be-skrives mer detaljert under henvisning til tegningen. An embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 er et grunnriss av en elektrolysecelle ifølge oppfinnelsen, og Fig. 1 is a plan of an electrolysis cell according to the invention, and
fig. 2 er et forstørret vertikalsnitt etter linje II-II gjennom en av samleskinnene og tverrskinnene. fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section along line II-II through one of the busbars and crossbars.
Den på fig. 1 viste elektrolysecelle 14 omfatter en korrosjonsresistent beholder 12 inneholdende en elektrolytt 13, eksempelvis vandig nikkelklorid, i hvilken belagte titananoder 16 og katoder 18 av rustfritt stål er opphengt fra henholdsvis tverrskinne 10 og tverrskinne 17. Hver anode-tverrskinne 10 er av titan og strekker seg over og er under-støttet av en kobber-samleskinne 11 på anodesiden, hvilken samleskinne 11 har et "knivsegg"-fremspring 26, mens den andre enden holdes av en isolert understøttelse 15. På lignende måte er hver av de skjermede katode-tverrskinner 17 under-støttet av katodeside-samleskinnen 20 og en isolert understøt-telse 19. Samleskinnene 11 og 20 er via kobberledninger lia og 20a forbundet med den positive og den negative pol på en likestrømskilde 21. Klorgass utvikles ved anoden under strøm-gjennomgang for elektrolyse. The one in fig. 1 electrolytic cell 14 comprises a corrosion-resistant container 12 containing an electrolyte 13, for example aqueous nickel chloride, in which coated titanium anodes 16 and cathodes 18 of stainless steel are suspended from cross rail 10 and cross rail 17, respectively. Each anode cross rail 10 is made of titanium and extends above and is supported by a copper busbar 11 on the anode side, which busbar 11 has a "knife-edge" projection 26, while the other end is held by an insulated support 15. Similarly, each of the shielded cathode crossbars 17 supported by the cathode-side busbar 20 and an insulated support 19. The busbars 11 and 20 are connected via copper wires 1a and 20a to the positive and the negative poles of a direct current source 21. Chlorine gas is developed at the anode during current flow for electrolysis.
Som vist på fig. 2, er et gjenget kobber-forbindelsesstykke 22 skrudd inn i en tilsvarende gjenget fordypning 23 As shown in fig. 2, a threaded copper connection piece 22 is screwed into a corresponding threaded recess 23
i tverrskinnen 10, idet den fremre del (i gjengeretningen) av forbindelsesstykket 22 har sin gjengeflate 22a i kontakt med gjengeflaten 23a i fordypningen. Elektrisk ledende smørefett anvendes på gjengene for å oppnå best mulig ledning mellom de to metaller. Det er ikke nødvendig at den fremre ende (øvre halvdel) av forbindelsesstykket er i kontakt med veggen i fordypningen. in the cross rail 10, the front part (in the thread direction) of the connecting piece 22 having its threaded surface 22a in contact with the threaded surface 23a in the recess. Electrically conductive grease is used on the threads to achieve the best possible conduction between the two metals. It is not necessary that the front end (upper half) of the connector is in contact with the wall of the recess.
Stubben 24 på forbindelsesstykket strekker seg fra fordypningen og har et V-skår 25 ved sin bakover ragende ende, med skårflater 25a og 25b, hvilke danner skår-vinkelen. En skinnekontakt 26 rager ut fra samleskinnen 11 og har kontakt-flater 26a og 26b som ligger an mot skårflåtene 25a og 25b, skjønt nøyaktig tilpasning ikke er nødvendig. The stub 24 of the connecting piece extends from the recess and has a V-notch 25 at its rearwardly projecting end, with notch surfaces 25a and 25b, which form the notch angle. A rail contact 26 projects from the busbar 11 and has contact surfaces 26a and 26b which abut against the slats 25a and 25b, although exact adaptation is not necessary.
I praksis er gjengene på forbindelsesstykket 22 fordel-aktig 1,9 cm diameter "(MAJOR) National Coarse" gjenger og er i kontakt med gjengene i fordypningen 23 over en lengde på 2,54 cm av forbindelsesstykket. Vinkelen i V-skår 25 er ca. 60°. In practice, the threads on the connector 22 are advantageously 1.9 cm diameter "(MAJOR) National Coarse" threads and are in contact with the threads in the recess 23 over a length of 2.54 cm of the connector. The angle in V-cut 25 is approx. 60°.
Fordelene med å anvende forbindelsesstykker ifølge oppfinnelsen med hensyn til lave samleskinne-kontakt-temperaturer og lav elektrisk kontaktmotstand (som vist ved spenningsfal-let mellom samleskinnen og titan-tverrskinnen) sammenlignet med hva som oppnås når titan-tverrskinnen hviler direkte på kobber-samleskinnen, er vist i den følgende tabell. Det ble anvendt kobber-forbindelsesstykker med en lengde på 2,54 cm og med to forskjellige diametere, og strømstyrken var 300-350 ampere. The advantages of using connectors according to the invention with regard to low busbar contact temperatures and low electrical contact resistance (as shown by the voltage drop between the busbar and the titanium crossbar) compared to what is achieved when the titanium crossbar rests directly on the copper busbar, is shown in the following table. Copper connectors with a length of 2.54 cm and with two different diameters were used, and the amperage was 300-350 amperes.
Det skal nevnes at et gjenget forbindelsesstykke egnet til bruk i f.eks. elektrolyseceller er kjent fra britisk patent 1 177 558. Her er det imidlertid ikke tale om en forbindelse mellom kobber og titan, men mellom kobber og karbon (grafitt), hvor problemene er helt andre enn i tilfellet av kobber og titan. Poenget i nevnte patent er forøvrig at det anvendes en legering av f.eks. vismut og tinn mellom kobber og karbon for. å oppnå en god forbindelse, slik at det ikke er direkte elektrisk forbindelse mellom kobber- og karbonkomponentene. It should be mentioned that a threaded connection piece suitable for use in e.g. electrolytic cells are known from British patent 1 177 558. Here, however, we are not talking about a connection between copper and titanium, but between copper and carbon (graphite), where the problems are completely different than in the case of copper and titanium. Incidentally, the point of the said patent is that an alloy of e.g. bismuth and tin between copper and carbon for. to achieve a good connection, so that there is no direct electrical connection between the copper and carbon components.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365793A CA1147034A (en) | 1980-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | Electrical connection between copper conductor and titanium conductor |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO814067L NO814067L (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| NO160107B true NO160107B (en) | 1988-11-28 |
| NO160107C NO160107C (en) | 1989-03-08 |
Family
ID=4118589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO814067A NO160107C (en) | 1980-11-28 | 1981-11-27 | ELECTROLYTIC DEVICE INCLUDING AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION FOR PASSING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT BETWEEN COPPER AND TITAN CONDUCTORS. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE891117A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1147034A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2495385A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO160107C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2762143B1 (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-05-21 | Michel Pillet | DEVICE FOR IMPROVING ELECTRICAL CONTACT FOR MATERIALS WITH LOW CONDUCTION OF HIGH INTENSITY CIRCUITS |
| CN103834981B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2016-03-16 | 青岛运城制版有限公司 | Copper divides titanizing hurdle |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT978581B (en) * | 1973-01-29 | 1974-09-20 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | METALLIC ANODES WITH REDUCED ANODIC SURFACE FOR ELECTROLYSIS PROCESSES USING LOW DENSITY OF CATHODIC CURRENT |
| GB2041002B (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1982-12-01 | Imi Kynoch Ltd | Electrode suspension bars |
-
1980
- 1980-11-28 CA CA000365793A patent/CA1147034A/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-11-13 BE BE0/206543A patent/BE891117A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-26 FR FR8122154A patent/FR2495385A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-11-27 NO NO814067A patent/NO160107C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2495385A1 (en) | 1982-06-04 |
| CA1147034A (en) | 1983-05-24 |
| BE891117A (en) | 1982-03-01 |
| NO814067L (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| NO160107C (en) | 1989-03-08 |
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