NO156646B - PROCEDURE FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND IONE EXCHANGER FOR USE BY PROCEDURE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND IONE EXCHANGER FOR USE BY PROCEDURE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO156646B NO156646B NO84844843A NO844843A NO156646B NO 156646 B NO156646 B NO 156646B NO 84844843 A NO84844843 A NO 84844843A NO 844843 A NO844843 A NO 844843A NO 156646 B NO156646 B NO 156646B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- building element
- plate
- asbestos
- procedure
- specified
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
Description
Støpt bærende bygningselement. Cast load-bearing building element.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår bygningselementer The present invention relates to building elements
av den type som er satt sammen av to ytre lag av materialer som er valgt på grunnlag av deres styrke og deres utseende,, med ett eller flere mellomliggende lag som er brannhemmende. of the type composed of two outer layers of materials selected on the basis of their strength and their appearance, with one or more intermediate layers which are fire retardant.
En ulempe ved de kjente materialer av,denne art er at det brannhemmende midtre lag eller kjernen må bygges opp av materiale som har svært liten mekanisk styrke overfor strekk og trykk, og dette fører igjen til at platene lett splittes langs,, et midtplan, spesielt hvis platen er skåret i mindre stykker*.. A disadvantage of the known materials of this kind is that the fire-retardant middle layer or the core must be built up of material that has very little mechanical strength against tension and pressure, and this in turn leads to the boards easily splitting along a middle plane, especially if the plate is cut into smaller pieces*..
En hensikt med oppfinnelsen er derfor å tilveie- • bringe et bygningselement av den beskrevne art der faren for opp-splitting av platen er opphevet. I henhold til oppfinnelsen er dette oppnådd ved at den midtre brannhemmende kjerne som fortrinns-vis er av asbestholdig materiale, er perforert, mens de ytre flater på begge sider er av plast som støpes rundt kjernen og derved flyter gjenribm perforeringene i den brannhemmende kjerne. One purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a building element of the type described in which the danger of the plate splitting is eliminated. According to the invention, this is achieved by the central fire-retardant core, which is preferably made of asbestos-containing material, is perforated, while the outer surfaces on both sides are made of plastic which is molded around the core and thereby floats around the perforations in the fire-retardant core.
De to ytre lag blir derved godt bundet til hverandre og faren The two outer layers are thereby tightly bound to each other and the father
for oppslitting er redusert til et minimum. for splitting is reduced to a minimum.
Oppfinnelsen angår således et støpt bærende bygningselement, omfattende en plate av glassfiberarmert termoplast som også er forsterket med avstivende deler festet til en side av platen, og den er i det vesentlige kjennetegnet ved at en brannhemmende perforert asbestholdig kjerne med omtrent de samme dimensjoner som bygningselementet er innleiret i glassfiberplasten. Slike plater kan brukes i yttervegger og/eller tak, f.eks. i en bolig. The invention thus relates to a cast load-bearing building element, comprising a plate of fiberglass-reinforced thermoplastic which is also reinforced with stiffening parts attached to one side of the plate, and it is essentially characterized by a fire-retardant perforated asbestos-containing core with approximately the same dimensions as the building element. embedded in the fiberglass plastic. Such plates can be used in external walls and/or ceilings, e.g. in a residence.
Andre trekk og detaljer ved oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelse av et eksempel. Other features and details of the invention will be apparent from the following description of an example.
Platen i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble laget slik: The plate according to the invention was made as follows:
Et lag av"Gellcoat'eller sand som omfatter natursten eller sandstøv og polyester harpiks type Crystic 3^3 "ble helt i en form for å fremstille et 3»2 mm tykt sjikt. Formens størrelse var tilnærmet 2,4 m i kvadrat. En tilklippet trådmatte av glassfiber type"H.P.E.' laget av Fibreglass Limited, som skulle tjene som armering, ble rullet ut over sandsjiktet og deretter ble polyester harpiks"Crystic 3^3 helt utover armeringsmatten for å danne et konsolidert lag sammen med sandlaget. Harpiksen ble tilsatt katalysator og akselerator av fabrikanten før den ble fylt i formen. En perforert Asbestolux plate 6,3 mm tykk, laget av Cape Products Limited med vesentlig de samme dimensjoner som formen, ble så presset ned i den harpiksmettede glassfibermatten. Harpiksen lot man stivne ved en temperatur mellom 18° og 27°C. A layer of "Gellcoat" or sand comprising natural stone or sand dust and polyester resin type Crystic 3^3 "was poured into a mold to produce a 3"2 mm thick layer. The shape's size was approximately 2.4 m squared. A cut-to-size wire mat made of fiberglass type "H.P.E." made by Fiberglass Limited, which was to serve as reinforcement, was rolled out over the sand layer and then polyester resin "Crystic 3^3" was poured over the reinforcing mat to form a consolidated layer with the sand layer. Catalyst and accelerator were added to the resin by the manufacturer before it was filled into the mold. A perforated Asbestolux sheet 6.3 mm thick, made by Cape Products Limited of substantially the same dimensions as the mold, was then pressed into the resin-saturated fiberglass mat. The resin was allowed to harden at a temperature between 18° and 27°C.
Det resulterende produkt ble en formet plate anvendelig til kled-ning av bygninger. The resulting product was a shaped plate usable for cladding buildings.
Til platen, utført som beskrevet ovenfor, ble det påsatt et antall plastforsterkningsribber. Disse ribbene ble laget av det samme materiale som platene og utformet i en form på en lignende måte som ovenfor beskrevet, bortsett fra at tre-staver ble innsatt i ribbene for festeformål. A number of plastic reinforcement ribs were attached to the plate, made as described above. These ribs were made of the same material as the plates and formed into a mold in a similar manner to that described above, except that wooden rods were inserted into the ribs for fastening purposes.
Ribbenes tverrsnitt var tilnærmet U-formet og lignet et langt trau. Hver ribbe var laget av et lag med glassfiber-matter, impregnert med polyester harpiks som det var tilsatt tre perforerte "Asbestolux" plater, og det hele dannet et trau. I dette trauet var det presset inn en plate i hver side av U-en The cross-section of the ribs was approximately U-shaped and resembled a long trough. Each rib was made of a layer of fiberglass mats, impregnated with polyester resin to which were added three perforated "Asbestolux" sheets, and the whole formed a trough. In this trough, a plate was pressed into each side of the U
samt en i bunnen av U-en. Det indre av den U-formede ribbe var fylt med glassfiber, innstøpt i harpiks og utgjorde en løs varme-bestandig og ildfast fylling. Den ytre bredde av ribben var 126 mm i toppen av U-en og 76 mm i bunnen. Ribben var festet til den perforerte asbestplaten med polyester harpiks. Ribbene ble plassert i en avstand av 0,45 m f"ra hverandre med toppen av U-en vendt mot den perforerte asbestplate. En 25 mm tykk glassfiber-matte 600, laget av Fibreglass Limited, ble plassert i mellom-rommet mellom ribbene og festet til asbestplaten med den samme polyester harpiks. "Gypunit-plater 2,28 x 1,22 og 6,3 mm tykke ble så festet til de forsterkningsformede ribbene ved trestavene som var 38 mm tykke og innfelt mellom Gypunitplatene og utstrakt fra kant til kant av platen. Disse trestavene ble festet med spiker til den understøttende ribbe, som hadde innfelte treprop-per med dimensjon 24 x 38 mm» for å kunne feste "Gypunit-platene på en enkel måte. Skjøtene i "Gypunit"-platene ble dekket av et 12 mm tykt tilformet plastbelegg. 'Gypunit-platene besto av to lag "gyproc" veggpapp, adskilt av en kjerne av cellulær konstruk- as well as one at the bottom of the U. The interior of the U-shaped rib was filled with fiberglass, embedded in resin and formed a loose heat-resistant and refractory filling. The outer width of the rib was 126 mm at the top of the U and 76 mm at the bottom. The rib was attached to the perforated asbestos sheet with polyester resin. The ribs were spaced 0.45 m apart with the top of the U facing the perforated asbestos sheet. A 25 mm thick fiberglass mat 600, manufactured by Fiberglass Limited, was placed in the space between the ribs and fixed to the asbestos sheet with the same polyester resin. "Gypunit sheets 2.28 x 1.22 and 6.3 mm thick were then attached to the reinforcement shaped ribs at the wooden rods which were 38 mm thick and sandwiched between the Gypunit sheets and extended edge to edge of the plate. These wooden rods were fixed with nails to the supporting rib, which had embedded wooden plugs with dimensions 24 x 38 mm" to be able to fix the "Gypunit" boards in a simple way. The joints in the "Gypunit" boards were covered with a 12 mm thick molded plastic covering. The Gypunit boards consisted of two layers of "gyproc" wallboard, separated by a core of cellular construction
sjon og var fremstilt av Gyproc Limited. tion and was manufactured by Gyproc Limited.
Den ovenfor omtalte vegg ble testet for brannfar-lighet i samsvar med britisk standard nr. 476* Veggen tilfreds-stilte alle kravene som britisk standard nr. 47^ setter til brannherdighet i en time, og kravene til helhet og stabilitet var fremdeles tilfredsstilt da testingen ble avsluttet etter en time og 20 minutter. The above-mentioned wall was tested for fire hazard in accordance with British Standard No. 476* The wall satisfied all the requirements that British Standard No. 47^ sets for fire resistance for one hour, and the requirements for completeness and stability were still satisfied when the testing was finished after one hour and 20 minutes.
Vegger utført som ovenfor beskrevet er ment brukt Walls made as described above are meant to be used
som ytterveggskonstruksjoner for industribygg og boligbygg. as external wall constructions for industrial buildings and residential buildings.
Platene kan også brukes for takkonstruksjoner. The boards can also be used for roof structures.
Platene er forsynt med et tapphull i den ene ende The plates are provided with a pin hole at one end
og en tapp i den andre, slik at to eller flere plater lett kan festes til hverandre. Platene er forsynt med fremskott ved sin nedre ende for å danne en lett festemåte for platen til et gulv. and a peg in the other, so that two or more plates can be easily attached to each other. The plates are provided with protrusions at their lower end to form an easy means of fastening the plate to a floor.
På en tilsvarende måte ble det ved toppen av platen påsatt en festeanordning til platen som kan tjene som opplegg for et tak. In a similar way, a fastening device was attached to the plate at the top of the plate, which can serve as a structure for a roof.
For én-etasjes bygninger er det tilstrekkelig at For single-storey buildings, it is sufficient that
platene boltes sammen, men for høyere bygg trenges det en mon-tasjeramme som platene kan festes til. Platene kan brukes som bygningselementer for hytter, fabrikker, terasser, eneboliger eller rekkehus„ the plates are bolted together, but for taller buildings a mounting frame is needed to which the plates can be attached. The plates can be used as building elements for cabins, factories, terraces, detached houses or terraced houses.
Oppfinnelsen er ikke begrenset av detaljene fra foregående eksempel. Eksempelvis, i stedet for polyester harpiks kan det brukes en hvilken som helst syntetisk harpiks, som en epoksy harpiks. Et hvilket som helst passende ildfast materiale kan brukes i stedet for * Asbestolux"-plater, som for eksempel mine-ralull i flak, plate eller bordform. Platen kan lages manuelt, maskinelt eller på kombinert manuell/maskinell måte. Asbestolux-platen kan sløyfes. I stedet for den forsterkende ribbe kan det anvendes et hvilket som helst lastbærende materiale for samme formål, for eksempel"Usbestos11 eller'Asbestos" kanaler, som kan kles med glassfiber og harpiks. Innersiden av platen,kan sprøytes med et asbest-sprøytemiddel f pr Asbestolux-platen anbringes, og dette gir et 12 - 25 ram tykt lag. Dette asbestlaget erstatter "Asbestolux-platen og glassfibermatten 600, slik at disse kan sløyfes. Andre isolerende materialer kan brukes i stedet for Gypunit-platen eller glassfibermatten som var satt mellom ribbene. The invention is not limited by the details from the previous example. For example, instead of polyester resin, any synthetic resin can be used, such as an epoxy resin. Any suitable refractory material can be used instead of * Asbestolux" boards, such as mineral wool in flake, plate or board form. The board can be made by hand, machine or a combined manual/machine method. Asbestolux board can be looped . Instead of the reinforcing rib, any load-bearing material can be used for the same purpose, for example "Usbestos11 or 'Asbestos" channels, which can be coated with fiberglass and resin. The inside of the plate can be sprayed with an asbestos spray agent f pr Asbestolux plate is placed, and this gives a 12 - 25 ram thick layer. This asbestos layer replaces the "Asbestolux plate and the fiberglass mat 600, so that these can be looped. Other insulating materials can be used instead of the Gypunit sheet or fiberglass mat that was placed between the ribs.
Den indre utførelse av platen kan være av gipsplater The internal design of the plate can be made of plasterboard
12 mm tykke, isolerende plater eller veggplater i stedet for Gypunit-plater. 12 mm thick insulating boards or wall boards instead of Gypunit boards.
Platen kan lages med åpiiinger for dører og vinduer. The plate can be made with instructions for doors and windows.
I slike tilfeller vil forsterkningsribbene bli plassert slik ved planleggingen at de passer til åpningene. In such cases, the reinforcement ribs will be placed in such a way during planning that they fit the openings.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8301888A SE437146B (en) | 1983-04-06 | 1983-04-06 | SET AND ION CHANGE MIXTURE TO CLEAN THE WATER IN FISH CULTURE |
| PCT/SE1984/000122 WO1984003881A1 (en) | 1983-04-06 | 1984-04-05 | A method to purify water |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO844843L NO844843L (en) | 1984-12-04 |
| NO156646B true NO156646B (en) | 1987-07-20 |
| NO156646C NO156646C (en) | 1987-10-28 |
Family
ID=26658434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO844843A NO156646C (en) | 1983-04-06 | 1984-12-04 | PROCEDURE FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND IONE EXCHANGER FOR USE BY PROCEDURE. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DK (1) | DK578184D0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO156646C (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-12-04 NO NO844843A patent/NO156646C/en unknown
- 1984-12-05 DK DK578184A patent/DK578184D0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK578184A (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| DK578184D0 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| NO156646C (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| NO844843L (en) | 1984-12-04 |
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