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NO132821B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO132821B
NO132821B NO2070/73A NO207073A NO132821B NO 132821 B NO132821 B NO 132821B NO 2070/73 A NO2070/73 A NO 2070/73A NO 207073 A NO207073 A NO 207073A NO 132821 B NO132821 B NO 132821B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
belt
elements
fuel elements
fuel
bundle
Prior art date
Application number
NO2070/73A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO132821C (en
Inventor
Jean Edward Schaefer
Original Assignee
Procter & Gamble
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter & Gamble filed Critical Procter & Gamble
Publication of NO132821B publication Critical patent/NO132821B/no
Publication of NO132821C publication Critical patent/NO132821C/no

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/20Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
    • A61F13/2051Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor characterised by the material or the structure of the inner absorbing core
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S604/00Surgery
    • Y10S604/904Tampons

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte til montering i knippeform av brenselelementer for atomreaktorer. Procedure for assembly in bundle form of fuel elements for nuclear reactors.

I heterogene atomreaktorer toar brenselet i regelen form av ismå staver eller In heterogeneous nuclear reactors, the fuel usually takes the form of tiny rods or

stenger, innesluttet i skjeder som gir anordningen det fornødne mekaniske hold rods, enclosed in sheaths that give the device the necessary mechanical hold

og isolerer brenselet fra kjølefluidet. and isolates the fuel from the cooling fluid.

Når brenselet for disse reaktorer er When the fuel for these reactors is

uran, blir dette ofte benyttet i metallisk uranium, this is often used in metallic

form. Hvis der i reaktorer av den nevnte shape. If there in reactors of the aforementioned

art benyttes brensler som hjar lavere var-meledninigsevne enn metallisk uran, f. eks. kind of fuels are used which have a lower thermal conductivity than metallic uranium, e.g.

uranoxyd eller urancarbid, kan der oppstå uranium oxide or uranium carbide, can occur there

høye temperaturgradienter og for høye high temperature gradients and too high

tempeiraturforskjelileir i det indre av brenselet. temperature difference camp in the interior of the fuel.

De krav som stilles till skjeden i me-kanisk henseende, blir ofte tilfredsstillet The requirements placed on the sheath in mechanical terms are often satisfied

ved at man øker dens tykkelse, noe som by increasing its thickness, which

reduserer varmeledninigsevnen og medfø-rer en uheldig tilleggsabsorbsjon av meu-troner, noe som igjen eir særlig generende reduces the thermal conductivity and leads to an unfortunate additional absorption of neutrons, which in turn is particularly troublesome

i tilfellet av reaktorer hvor der benyttes in the case of reactors where used

elementer hvis skjeder består av sterkt elements whose sheaths consist of strong

absorberende materialer, som f. eks. rustfritt stål. absorbent materials, such as stainless steel.

For å bøte på disse uheldige forhold To remedy these unfortunate circumstances

kan man dels dele opp brenselet i elementet the fuel can be divided into elements

og dels benytte en tynnveggetskjede tilpas-set den respektive oppdelingsmåte. De elementer man får på denne måte, er med and partly use a thin-walled sheath adapted to the respective method of division. The elements you get in this way are included

hensyn til yttre form karakteriseirt ved regard to external form characterized by

en skjede som må slutte seg tett etter for-men av brenselet, og som ikke nødvendig-vis er glatt, men kan oppvise forsenkede a sheath that must fit tightly according to the shape of the fuel, and which is not necessarily smooth, but may have recessed

og opphøyede soner. and elevated zones.

Det er av Interesse å benytte systemer av brenselelementer av en slik utform-ning at der under hensyntagen til de gitte kjernetekniske krav fås en optimal fordeling av de forskjellige faste stoffer og fluider som spiller en rolle under reakto-rens drift (brensel, skjedemetall, moderator, kjølefluidum, kontrollorganer). It is of interest to use systems of fuel elements of such a design that, taking into account the given nuclear technical requirements, an optimal distribution of the various solids and fluids that play a role during the reactor's operation (fuel, sheath metal, moderator) is obtained , cooling fluid, control devices).

I tilfeller av reaktorer som anvender separate stoffer som kjølemiddel og som moderator, kan dem benyttede anordning befinne seg i det indre av en kanal 1 mo-deratoren, som gj ennomflytes av kjøle-fluidet. In the case of reactors that use separate substances as coolant and as moderator, the device used can be in the interior of a channel 1 the moderator, which is flowed through by the cooling fluid.

I tilfellet av svømmebasseng-reaktorer (ipiles-piscines) befinner anordningen seg i et fluidum som spiller rollen samtidig som moderator og som kjølemiddel, og som vanligvis er tungt-vanm for naturlig uran og vanlig vann for uran som er anriket med uran 235. In the case of swimming pool reactors (ipiles-piscines), the device is in a fluid that plays the role of both moderator and coolant, and is usually heavy water for natural uranium and ordinary water for uranium enriched with uranium 235.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på en fremgangsmåte til knippeformet anordning av brenselelementer som er innesluttet i skjeder og har form av cyMndre med innsnevrede partier. The present invention concerns a method for the bundle-shaped arrangement of fuel elements which are enclosed in sheaths and have the form of cylinders with narrowed parts.

Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er i første rekke karakterisert ved at knippet av parallelle brenseMemeniter holdes av en flerhet av metall-armaturer, som utvendig utgjøres av et metallisk belte otg i det indre utgjøres av korte cylindriske metall-rør, hvis akser går parallelt med brenselelementene, og som hensiktsmessig er sammensveiset innbyrdes og/eller med beltet, og mellom hvilke der i regelmessig fordeling befinner seg tomrom som tjener til å oppta visse av de innsnevrede partier av brenselelementene og holde dem inn-spent mellom metall-rørene. The method according to the invention is primarily characterized by the fact that the bundle of parallel fuel elements is held by a plurality of metal fittings, which on the outside are made up of a metallic belt and on the inside are made up of short cylindrical metal tubes, whose axes run parallel to the fuel elements, and which are suitably welded together and/or with the belt, and between which there are regularly distributed voids which serve to occupy certain of the narrowed parts of the fuel elements and keep them clamped between the metal tubes.

Brenselelementene bør oppvise innsnevringer som stort sett er ringformet, slik at en fierhet av rør i armaturen kan holde elementet mellom seg og spenne det fast i høyde med ett av dets innsnevrede partier. Ennvidere bør visse periferiske elementer som grenser til beltet, ha kontakt med dette i sine innsnevrede partier, mens de sentrale elementer i skjeden bare står 1 kontakt med rørene. The fuel elements should have narrowings which are mostly annular, so that a number of tubes in the armature can hold the element between them and clamp it in place at the height of one of its narrowed parts. Furthermore, certain peripheral elements bordering the belt should have contact with this in their narrowed parts, while the central elements in the sheath only make contact with the pipes.

Ved hjelp av punktsveisnlng skaffes Using spot welding is obtained

der to slags forbindelser, nemlig dels mellom ved siden av hinannen liggende rør og dels mellom beltet og rør som grenser til dette. where two types of connections, namely partly between pipes lying next to each other and partly between the belt and pipes bordering this.

Brenselelementene fastholdes 1 armaturen ved å inmfattes i denne. I alminnelighet forekommer der ingen sveisepunk-ter mellom armaturen og skjeden for eie-rne mt ene. The fuel elements are held in the armature by being fitted into it. In general, there are no welding points between the armature and the sheath for the owners.

I høyde meid en armatur har alle elementene i knippet innsnevrede partier hvis høyde i knippets lengderetning er omtrent lik høyden av armaturens rør. Således får elementene ingen mulighet for noen lenlg-deforskyvnlng av betydning i armaturen, selv om de blir utsatt for betydelige krefter. At the height of an armature, all the elements in the bundle have narrowed parts whose height in the lengthwise direction of the bundle is approximately equal to the height of the armature's pipe. Thus, the elements have no opportunity for any significant longitudinal displacement in the armature, even if they are exposed to significant forces.

Metall-beltet kan være et flatt bånd hvis bredde er lik høyden av armaturens rør, slik at armaturen i alle sime deler får jevn høyde 1 knippets lengderetning, nemlig samme høyde som de innsnevrede partier av brenselelementene som skal fastholde. The metal belt can be a flat band whose width is equal to the height of the armature's tube, so that the armature in all parts has a uniform height 1 the lengthwise direction of the bundle, namely the same height as the narrowed parts of the fuel elements that are to be retained.

Forutsatt at beltet er tilstrekkelig sterkt, behøver det ikke å dekke fullsten-dig over metall-rørene som det sveises til. På den annen side kan beltet også rage mer eller mindre utenfor endene av rørene. Provided that the belt is sufficiently strong, it does not need to completely cover the metal pipes to which it is welded. On the other hand, the belt can also protrude more or less beyond the ends of the tubes.

Langsetter brenselelementene kan der forekomme innsnevrede partier som forblir frie, og som er eller ikke eir maken til dem som holdes av armaturene. I alminnelighet anvender man cylindriske elementer hvis ringformede innsnevringer er helt like og er jevnt fordelt langsetter elementet. Hvert element oppviser da mellom to på hinannen følgende armaturer et visst antall, f eks. 1—4 Innsnevrede partier. Longer than the fuel elements, there may be narrowed parts that remain free, and which may or may not be the same as those held by the fittings. Cylindrical elements are generally used if the ring-shaped narrowings are exactly the same and are evenly distributed along the length of the element. Each element then exhibits a certain number between two successive luminaires, e.g. 1-4 Narrowed parts.

De forskjellige farenselelementer knippet kan ha samme eller forskjellig ut-førelse. De kan skille seg fra hverandre med hensyn .til størrelsen av tverrsnittet og til avstanden mellom på hinannen følgende innsnevrede partier. The different bundled fence elements can have the same or different designs. They can differ from each other with respect to the size of the cross-section and to the distance between successive narrowed sections.

Hver knippeanordnmg har minst to armaturer. I tilfellet av lange cylindriske elementer har det interesse å anvende flere armaturer for å gjøre anordningen stivere. Each bundle arrangement has at least two fittings. In the case of long cylindrical elements, it is of interest to use several armatures to make the device more rigid.

Under henvisning til de skjematiske figurer 1—3 på tegningen vil der i det føl-gende bli beskrevet to ikke-begrensende eksempler på utførelsen av knippeanord-ningen av brensel elementer for atomreaktorer 1 henhold til oppfinnelsen. Fig. 1 er et oppriss og delvis snitt av en første utførelsesform av anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen med syv ibrenselelemen-ter. Fig. 2 viser snitt etter linjen AA loddrett på brensel-element-anordningen på fig. 1. With reference to the schematic figures 1-3 in the drawing, two non-limiting examples of the implementation of the bundle arrangement of fuel elements for nuclear reactors 1 according to the invention will be described in the following. Fig. 1 is an elevation and partial section of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention with seven ifuel elements. Fig. 2 shows a section along the line AA perpendicular to the fuel element device in fig. 1.

Flg. 3 viser snitt av en annen anordning ifølge oppfinnelsen med ni brenselelementer. Snittet er tatt loddrett på elementene. Follow 3 shows a section of another device according to the invention with nine fuel elements. The section is taken perpendicular to the elements.

På figurene er bare vist de deler som behøves for forståelsen av oppfinnelsen, og på forskjellige figurer har samme deler samme hemvisningstall. In the figures, only the parts that are needed for the understanding of the invention are shown, and in different figures the same parts have the same reference number.

I utførelsen på fig. 1 og 2 omfatter kniip<p>eanordningen syv cylindriske og innbyrdes like brenselelementer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 og 7 med to metalliske holde-armaturer 8 og 9. Hver armatur utgjøres av et utvendig, sefcs-kantet belte 10 av rustfritt stål, i hvis indre der befinner seg tolv rør 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 og 22, likeledes av rustfritt stål, som holder elementene 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 i de innsnevrede partier som befinner seg på høyde med armaturen. Elementet 1 har kontakt med seks rør 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 og 16. Hvert av de øvrige elementer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 og 7 er i kontakt med beltet 10 og med fire rør. Således står elementet 2 1 kontakt med rørene 17, 11, 12 og 18. Hvert rør er sveiset til de rør det står i kontakt med, såvel som med beltet forsåvidt det har kontakt med dette. Således er røret 14 sveiset til rø-rene 13, 15 og 20, og røret 20 er sveiset til røret 14 og beltet 10. Alle disse forblndel-ser dannes ved punktsveisnlng. Diameteren av brenselelementene er 10 mm 1 de innsnevrede partier og 12 mm i de tykkere partier av elementene. Høyden av armaturen og av de innsnevrede partier av elementene er 10 mm. In the embodiment in fig. 1 and 2, the clamping device comprises seven cylindrical and mutually identical fuel elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 with two metallic holding fittings 8 and 9. Each fitting consists of an external, sefcs-edged belt 10 of stainless steel, in the interior of which there are twelve tubes 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, likewise of stainless steel, which hold the elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the narrowed parts which are at the height of the fixture. The element 1 is in contact with six pipes 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16. Each of the other elements 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 is in contact with the belt 10 and with four pipes. Thus, the element 2 1 is in contact with the pipes 17, 11, 12 and 18. Each pipe is welded to the pipes it is in contact with, as well as to the belt insofar as it has contact with this. Thus, the pipe 14 is welded to the pipes 13, 15 and 20, and the pipe 20 is welded to the pipe 14 and the belt 10. All these connections are formed by spot welding. The diameter of the fuel elements is 10 mm in the narrowed parts and 12 mm in the thicker parts of the elements. The height of the fixture and of the narrowed parts of the elements is 10 mm.

Den annen anordning, som er vist på fig. 3, omfatter ni cylindriske og parallelle : brenselelementer som holdes av to metall-armaturer. På fig. 3 ser man brenselelementenes innsnevrede partier 23, 24, 25, The second device, which is shown in fig. 3, comprises nine cylindrical and parallel: fuel elements held by two metal armatures. In fig. 3 shows the fuel elements' narrowed parts 23, 24, 25,

26, 27, 28, 29, 30 og 31 og armaturen som 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 and the fixture which

utgjøres av det åtte-kantede utvendige is made up of the octagonal exterior

belte 32, de åtte korte metall-rør 33, 34, 35, belt 32, the eight short metal tubes 33, 34, 35,

36, 37, 38, 39 og 40 som er forbundet innbyrdes ved punktsveisnlng, og åtte ytter-ligere rør 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 og 48 som 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 which are interconnected by spot welding, and eight further tubes 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and 48 which

er maken til de førstnevnte og er forbundet med beltet 32 ved punktsveisning. Det is similar to the former and is connected to the belt 32 by spot welding. The

innsnevrede parti 23 av det sentrale element er 1 kontakt med de åtte førstnevnte narrowed portion 23 of the central element is 1 contact with the former eight

rør 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 39 og 40, og de pipes 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 39 and 40, and the

innsnevrede partier, f. eks. 31, av de åtte narrowed parts, e.g. 31, of the eight

yttre brenselelementer er i kontakt med external fuel elements are in contact with

fire rør, f. eks. er partiet 31 i kontakt med four pipes, e.g. is party 31 in contact with

rørene 39, 40, 47 og 48. tubes 39, 40, 47 and 48.

Claims (2)

1. Fremgangsmåte til montering i knippefoirm av parallelle cylindriske brenselelementer som er forsynt med skjeder1. Procedure for assembly in bundle form of parallel cylindrical fuel elements provided with sheaths og oppviser innsnevrede partier, karakterisert ved at knippet av parallelle brenselelementer holdes av en flerhet av metalliske armaturer som utvendig utgjø-res av et metallisk belte og innvendig av korte cylindriske metall-rør, hvis akser gå parallelt med brenselelementene, og mellom hvilke der befinner seg regelmessig fordelte rom som kan oppta visse av brenselelementenes innsnevrede partier og fastholde dem mellom 'metall-rørene. and exhibits narrowed sections, characterized by the fact that the bundle of parallel fuel elements is held by a plurality of metallic armatures which are externally formed by a metallic belt and internally by short cylindrical metal tubes, whose axes run parallel to the fuel elements, and between which there are regularly distributed spaces which can accommodate certain of the narrowed portions of the fuel elements and retain them between the metal tubes. 2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt 1 på-stand 1, karakterisert ved at de f or-skjellige rør i en armatur sveises til hverandre, til beltet eller "både til hverandre og til beltet.2. Method as indicated in claim 1, characterized in that the different pipes in a fitting are welded to each other, to the belt or "both to each other and to the belt.
NO732070A 1972-05-17 1973-05-18 NO132821C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25400472A 1972-05-17 1972-05-17
US00358773A US3815601A (en) 1972-05-17 1973-05-09 Catamenial aggregate absorbent body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO132821B true NO132821B (en) 1975-10-06
NO132821C NO132821C (en) 1976-01-14

Family

ID=26943767

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO732070A NO132821C (en) 1972-05-17 1973-05-18

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3815601A (en)
IE (1) IE37714B1 (en)
NO (1) NO132821C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO132821C (en) 1976-01-14
US3815601A (en) 1974-06-11
IE37714L (en) 1973-11-17
IE37714B1 (en) 1977-09-28

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