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NO136587B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO136587B
NO136587B NO1165/73A NO116573A NO136587B NO 136587 B NO136587 B NO 136587B NO 1165/73 A NO1165/73 A NO 1165/73A NO 116573 A NO116573 A NO 116573A NO 136587 B NO136587 B NO 136587B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
plasticizer
melamine
added
temperature
carbamide
Prior art date
Application number
NO1165/73A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO136587C (en
Inventor
Jorgen Skoubo Johansen
Original Assignee
Johansen Joergen Skoubo
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Application filed by Johansen Joergen Skoubo filed Critical Johansen Joergen Skoubo
Publication of NO136587B publication Critical patent/NO136587B/no
Publication of NO136587C publication Critical patent/NO136587C/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/22Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction
    • E04B9/24Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of, or held against the underside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction or accessory means connected thereto
    • E04B9/247Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction with the slabs, panels, sheets or the like positioned on the upperside of, or held against the underside of the horizontal flanges of the supporting construction or accessory means connected thereto by means of sliding or pivoting locking elements, held against the underside of the supporting construction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/34Combined diverse multipart fasteners
    • Y10T24/3427Clasp
    • Y10T24/3439Plural clasps
    • Y10T24/344Resilient type clasp

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av et aldehydkondensasjonsprodukt inneholdende et plastiseringsmiddel. Process for producing an aldehyde condensation product containing a plasticizer.

Flytbarheten hos melamin- og karb-amidformaldehyd-kondensasjonsprodukter i halvherdet tilstand er ofte for liten, The fluidity of melamine and urea-formaldehyde condensation products in the semi-hardened state is often too small,

spesielt for visse anvendelser, f. eks. i especially for certain applications, e.g. in

pressmasser og i laminatprpdukter. Når det pressing compounds and in laminate products. When it

gjelder pressmasser, ytrer den utilstrekke-lige flytbarhet seg ved at massen ikke er in the case of pressing compounds, the insufficient fluidity manifests itself in the fact that the mass is not

istand til å utfylle den form som anvendes able to complete the form used

ved fremstilling av formpressgods, tilstrek-kelig hurtig og fullstendig. Ved fremstilling av laminatprodukter, i hvilke f. eks. in the production of molded goods, sufficiently quickly and completely. When manufacturing laminate products, in which e.g.

de ovennevnte melamin-kondensasjonsprodukter inngår som et overflateskikt, fører the above-mentioned melamine condensation products are included as a surface layer, leads

en for lav flytbarhet til at dette blir ujevnt too low a fluidity for this to become uneven

i en grad som ikke kan aksepteres, idet det to a degree that cannot be accepted, as it

foruten å medføre dårligere dekorative besides entailing inferior decorative

egenskaper av laminatet betyr øket fare characteristics of the laminate means increased danger

for sprekkdannelse i dette, en fare som for cracking in this, a danger which

blir ytterligere utpreget ved at harpiksene is further distinguished by the fact that the resins

i utherdet tilstand ofte er for hårde og in the cured state are often too hard and

sprøde. Det er kjent at man for å avhjelpe crispy. It is known that one to remedy

ulempene med den dårlige flytbarhet av the disadvantages of the poor flowability of

kondensasjonsproduktene kan tilsette et the condensation products can add a

flytemiddel, et såkalt plastiseringsmiddel. fluid, a so-called plasticizer.

Dette tilsettes i alminnelighet efter at harpikskokningen hovedsakelig er avsluttet, This is generally added after the resin boiling is mainly finished,

og vil da ikke i større mengde bli kjemisk and will not become chemical in large quantities

bundet til kondensasjonsproduktets molekyler, men vil i den ferdige harpiks befinne seg mellom slike molekyler. Et slikt bound to the molecules of the condensation product, but will be between such molecules in the finished resin. Such a thing

plastiseringsmiddel kan kalles et «ytre» plasticizer can be called an "external"

plastiseringsmiddel i motsetning til et plastiseringsmiddel som har kjemisk binding plasticizer as opposed to a plasticizer that has a chemical bond

til kondensasjonsproduktets molekyler, og to the molecules of the condensation product, and

som man derfor kan betegne som et «indre» which can therefore be described as an "inner"

plastiseringsmiddel. plasticizer.

I forbindelse med aminoaldehydhar- In connection with aminoaldehyde har-

pikser er det kjent å anvende et plastiseringsmiddel som inneholder en sulfonamidforbindelse, idet tysk patentskrift nr. 916 469 omhandler en tilsetning av en sul-fonamid-aldehydharpiks som «ytre» plastiseringsmiddel til en aminotriazin-alde-hydharpiks. Den resulterende harpiks har imidlertid en for mange anvendelser util-strekkelig flytbarhet. pixels, it is known to use a plasticizer containing a sulfonamide compound, since German patent document no. 916 469 deals with the addition of a sulfonamide aldehyde resin as "external" plasticizer to an aminotriazine aldehyde resin. However, the resulting resin has insufficient flowability for many applications.

Hensikten med den foreliggende opp-finnelse er å skaffe en forbedret fremgangsmåte til produksjon av aldehyd-kondensasjonsprodukter med plastiseringsmiddel, sammenholdt med hittil kjente produksj onsmåter. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved method for the production of aldehyde condensation products with a plasticizer, in comparison with hitherto known production methods.

Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen karakteriseres ved at der først ved oppvarmning til temperaturer i området 80— 175° C bevirkes en kjemisk reaksjon mellom i det minste en vesentlig del av plastiseringsmiddelet og melamin eller karbamid, hvorefter det således oppnådde reaksjonsprodukt omsettes med aldehydet. Det er altså ikke nødvendig at hele den tilsatte mengde plastiseringsmiddel reagerer kjemisk med melaminet eller karbamidet og danner et indre plastiseringsmiddel. Ved passende valg av plastiseringsmiddel kan dettes ikke kjemisk reagerende andel tjene som ytre plastiseringsmiddel i den ferdige harpiks. Det er tydelig at man her-ved har mulighet for på enkel måte å av-veie proporsjonene av det indre og det ytre plastiseringsmiddel. The method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that, first by heating to temperatures in the range of 80-175° C, a chemical reaction is effected between at least a significant part of the plasticizer and melamine or carbamide, after which the reaction product thus obtained is reacted with the aldehyde. It is therefore not necessary that the entire amount of plasticizer added reacts chemically with the melamine or carbamide and forms an internal plasticizer. If the plasticizer is chosen appropriately, its non-chemically reactive portion can serve as an external plasticizer in the finished resin. It is clear that here you have the opportunity to easily weigh the proportions of the inner and outer plasticizer.

Det er spesielt hensiktsmessig som plastiseringsmiddel å anvende en aromatisk sulfonamidforbindelse inneholdende en med hydrogen reaktiv gruppe, f. eks. N-metyloltoluensulfonamid. It is particularly suitable as a plasticizer to use an aromatic sulfonamide compound containing a group reactive with hydrogen, e.g. N-methyloltoluenesulfonamide.

For oppfinnelsens formål, bør den aro.-matiske sulforiamid-forbindelse inngå i. det' nevnte reaksjonsprodukt i et mol-forhold" som ikke overstiger 1:1, regnet på ren sub-stans. For the purpose of the invention, the aromatic sulforiamide compound should be included in the said reaction product in a molar ratio that does not exceed 1:1, calculated on a pure substance basis.

Når plastiseringsmiddelet på denne måte bringes til å reagere kjemisk medi melamin resp. karbamid, noe som altså skjer ved 80—175° C, reduseres antallet av de sistnevnte stoffers frie bindinger, idet. disse istedet opptas av plastiseringsmiddelet. Melaminets, resp. karbamidets bindinger til formaldehyd blir derved færre, noe som i og1 for seg. betyr, en.mindre stiv. str.uk^ tur av det oppnådde kondensasjonsprodukt såvel i halvherdet som i uherdet tilstand. I alminnelighet vil imidlertid ikke hele mengden av det tilsatte plastiseringsmiddel reagere med melamin- resp. karbamid^ molekylene, men det resterende av plastiseringsmiddelet vil befinne seg i kjemisk ubundet tilstand når reaksjonsproduktet omsettes med formaldehyd. Heller, ikke ved denne prosess kommer de kj.emisk ubundne molekyler av plastiseringsmiddelet i alminnelighet til å reagere kjemisk med melamin resp. karbamid eller formaldehyd, idet det hovedsakelig vil bli'igjen.i fri form og utgjøre et såkalt ytre plastiseringsmiddel, som monomer-eller som harpiks.., When the plasticizer is brought to react chemically with melamine or carbamide, which thus happens at 80-175° C, the number of free bonds of the latter substances is reduced, as these are instead taken up by the plasticizer. Melamine's, resp. the carbamide's bonds to formaldehyde are thereby reduced, something that in og1 itself. means, a.less rigid. str.uk^ turn of the obtained condensation product both in the semi-hardened and in the unhardened state. In general, however, the entire amount of the added plasticizer will not react with melamine or carbamide^ molecules, but the remainder of the plasticizer will be in a chemically unbound state when the reaction product is reacted with formaldehyde. Nor, in this process, do the chemically unbound molecules of the plasticizer generally react chemically with melamine or carbamide or formaldehyde, as it will mainly remain in free form and constitute a so-called external plasticizer, as a monomer or as a resin..,

En fordel som oppnås ved anvendelse av oppfinnelsen, er at den tidligere nød-vendige tilsetning av mykningsmiddel i en særskilt prosess efter harpikskokningen blir overflødig. An advantage achieved by using the invention is that the previously necessary addition of plasticizer in a separate process after the resin boiling becomes redundant.

En annen fordel er at sluttproduktet for. mange formål, har mere egnede egenskaper enn tilsvarende kondensasjonsprodukter fremstillet på kjent måte,, f. eks. større motstand mot uttørkning,. større tøyelighet osv., uten å oppvise dårligere verdier for andre fordelaktige egenskaper, som slitestyrke og. gjennomskinnelighet, enn de kjente kondensasjonsprodukter. Another advantage is that the final product for many purposes, have more suitable properties than corresponding condensation products produced in a known manner, e.g. greater resistance to desiccation,. greater elasticity, etc., without exhibiting worse values for other advantageous properties, such as wear resistance and. translucency, than the known condensation products.

Praktiske utførelseseksempler. Practical execution examples.

Eksempel 1. Example 1.

13 800 g o-toluensulfonamid, p-toluensulfonamid eller blandinger av disse, inn^ veies og, tilføres 9129 g 36,8 vektprosents formalin, som er innstillet på pH. 8 ved hjelp av 2-n NaOH og bufret med 20 g MgC03, og denne temperatur holdes- i. 30 13,800 g of o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfonamide or mixtures thereof are weighed in and 9129 g of 36.8% by weight formalin, which is adjusted to pH, is added. 8 using 2-n NaOH and buffered with 20 g of MgC03, and this temperature is maintained at 30

•minutter. 6,4- 1 vann avdestilleres under svakt vakuum ved 70—80° C. Den klare, viskose rest avkjøles,til 50° C og spes der.- •minutes. 6.4- 1 water is distilled off under a weak vacuum at 70-80° C. The clear, viscous residue is cooled to 50° C and separated there.

efter opp med 468 g sulfitsprit. Avkjølin-gen fortsettes til værelsestemperatur under omrøring. follow up with 468 g sulphite alcohol. The cooling is continued to room temperature while stirring.

4590 g av det således fremstilte plasti-seringmiddel blandes så med 7560 g melamin og- oppvarmes til' 85—90° C under omrøring. Denne temperatur holdes i 30— 90 minutter, hvorefter produktet avkjøles. 4590 g of the thus produced plasticizer is then mixed with 7560 g of melamine and heated to 85-90° C with stirring. This temperature is maintained for 30-90 minutes, after which the product is cooled.

12 100 g av det oppnådde triazinderivat 12,100 g of the triazine derivative obtained

blandes med 9728 g 36,8 vektprosent formalin, som er innstillet på pH 3,1 med 2-n maursyre: Derefter tilsettes 10 g MgC03, og blandingen efterinnstilles på pH.8 efter oppvarmning til. 85° C. Denne- temperatur holdes i 30—60 minutter under omrøring, hvorefter. der kjøles-til. ca. 50° C. Det således dannede kondensasjonsprodukt spes opp med 7100 g sulfitsprit og har da en spe-sifikk vekt av 1,15 efter blanding til homo-gen oppløsning og kjøling til værelsestemperatur. is mixed with 9728 g of 36.8% by weight formalin, which is adjusted to pH 3.1 with 2-n formic acid: Then 10 g of MgC03 are added, and the mixture is readjusted to pH.8 after heating to. 85° C. This temperature is maintained for 30-60 minutes with stirring, after which. where it cools. about. 50° C. The condensation product thus formed is diluted with 7100 g of sulphite alcohol and then has a specific gravity of 1.15 after mixing to a homogeneous solution and cooling to room temperature.

Den ovennevnte fremgangsmåte kan modifiseres ved at doseringen ved fremstilling av triazinderivatet endres til. 4590 g plastiseringsmiddel' og 3780. g melamin.. The above-mentioned method can be modified by changing the dosage in the preparation of the triazine derivative to. 4590 g plasticizer' and 3780 g melamine..

En ytterligere modifikasjon fås ved anvendelse av- det. sistnevnte triazindérivat ved hjelp, av følgende dosering: A further modification is obtained by using it. the latter triazine derivative with the help of the following dosage:

8320 g triazinderivat 4864 g.38,6 vektprosent-formalin 5 g. MgC03 3250 g. sulfitsprit. 8320 g triazine derivative 4864 g.38.6 weight percent formalin 5 g. MgC03 3250 g. sulfite alcohol.

Eksempel-. 2. Example-. 2.

13 800 g' o-toluensulfonamid, p-toluensulfonamid eller blandinger av disse, tilfø-res 9129 g 36,8 vektprosent formalin som er innstillet på pH 8 ved hjelp av 2-n. NaOH og bufret med 20 g MgCO,,.-Blandingen 13,800 g of o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfonamide or mixtures thereof are added to 9,129 g of 36.8% by weight formalin which has been adjusted to pH 8 by means of 2-n. NaOH and buffered with 20 g of MgCO,,.-The mixture

oppvarmes under omrøring til 85° C, og denne temperatur holdes i 30 minutter. 6,4 1 vann-avdestilleres under svakt, vakuum is heated with stirring to 85° C, and this temperature is maintained for 30 minutes. 6.4 1 water is distilled off under a weak vacuum

ved170—80° C til-der fremkommer et klart, at 170-80° C until a clear,

vannfritt reaksjonsprodukt (plastiseringsmiddel). 32io-g- av dette plastiseringsmiddel blandes, med 7560'g melamin qg- oppvarmes til 120—150° C under, -omrøring. Denne-temperatur holdes i 10—90 minutter, hverefter avkjøling. i0 500> g av det oppnådde triazinderivat tilsettes 9728 g anhydrous reaction product (plasticizer). 320 g of this plasticizer is mixed with 7,560 g of melamine and heated to 120-150° C with stirring. This temperature is maintained for 10-90 minutes, after which cooling. 9728 g are added to 500 g of the triazine derivative obtained

38,6 vektprosent formalin, som- er innstillet på pH 3,5- med. 2-n maursyre.- Derefter tilsettes- 10-g:MgCO3, og blandingen efterinnstilles på pH 8 efter oppvarmning. til 85° C. Denne temperatur holdes i. 30—60 minutter under omrøring, hvorefter der kjøles til 50° C. Det således.oppnådde kondensasjonsprodukt spes opp. med. 8480 g 38.6% formalin by weight, which is adjusted to pH 3.5. 2-n formic acid.- Then 10-g: MgCO3 is added, and the mixture is readjusted to pH 8 after heating. to 85° C. This temperature is maintained for 30-60 minutes with stirring, after which it is cooled to 50° C. The thus obtained condensation product is separated. with. 8480 g

sulfitsprit, hvorefter det blandes til homo-gen oppløsning og avkjøles til værelsestemperatur. Produktets spesifikke vekt blir da 1,15. sulfite alcohol, after which it is mixed to a homogeneous solution and cooled to room temperature. The product's specific weight is then 1.15.

Eksempel 3. 13 800 g o-toluensulfonamid, p-toluensulfonamid eller en blanding herav settes til 9129 g formalin hvis formaldehydkon-sentrasjon er 36,8 vektprosent, og hvis pH-verdi ved 25° C .innstilles på 8,0 ved hjelp av 2-n NaOH, hvorefter formalinet bufres med 20 g MgCO;i. Blandingen oppvarmes under omrøring til 85° C, og denne temperatur opprettholdes i en tid av noen ti-minutter. 6,4 1 vann avdrives i vakuum ved 50—70° C. Den klare viskose rest kjøles til 40—50° C og spes opp med 468 g etylalko-hol. Kjølingen fortsettes inntil produktet har nådd værelsestemperatur. 30 000 g melamin oppvarmes til 65—75° C, og 10 000 g av det ovennevnte plastifiseringsmiddel settes til melaminet under omrøring. Blandingen oppvarmes til 85—90° C, og denne temperatur holdes i 30—90 minutter. Example 3. 13,800 g of o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfonamide or a mixture thereof are added to 9,129 g of formalin whose formaldehyde concentration is 36.8% by weight, and whose pH value at 25° C. is set to 8.0 using 2-n NaOH, after which the formalin is buffered with 20 g of MgCO;i. The mixture is heated with stirring to 85° C, and this temperature is maintained for a period of some ten minutes. 6.4 1 of water is driven off under vacuum at 50-70° C. The clear viscous residue is cooled to 40-50° C and diluted with 468 g of ethyl alcohol. Cooling is continued until the product has reached room temperature. 30,000 g of melamine is heated to 65-75° C, and 10,000 g of the above-mentioned plasticizer is added to the melamine while stirring. The mixture is heated to 85-90° C, and this temperature is maintained for 30-90 minutes.

Til 40 000 g triazinderivat oppnådd på denne måte, settes en blanding av 17 800 g vann og 39 950 g formalin som har en for-maldehydkonsentrasjon av 36,8 vektprosent, og hvis pH-verdi ved 25° C er innstillet på 8,7—9,0 ved hjelp av 2-n NaOH. Den resulterende blanding oppvarmes til 85—90° C, og denne temperatur opprettholdes i 120—240 minutter. Hele tiden blir pH-verdien ved 25° C kontrollert og holdt på 9,0—9,3. Det sluttelig oppnådde kondensasjonsprodukt kjøles til 50—60° C og spes opp med 2210 g n-butanol til en spe-sifikk vekt av 1,20, målt ved værelsestemperatur. To 40,000 g of triazine derivative obtained in this way, a mixture of 17,800 g of water and 39,950 g of formalin is added which has a formaldehyde concentration of 36.8% by weight, and whose pH value at 25° C is set to 8.7 —9.0 using 2-n NaOH. The resulting mixture is heated to 85-90° C, and this temperature is maintained for 120-240 minutes. All the time, the pH value at 25° C is controlled and kept at 9.0-9.3. The finally obtained condensation product is cooled to 50-60° C and diluted with 2210 g of n-butanol to a specific gravity of 1.20, measured at room temperature.

Eksempel 4'. 7000 g av et plastiseringsmiddel fremstillet i henhold til eksempel 3 settes til 30 000 g urea, blandingen oppvarmes til Example 4'. 7,000 g of a plasticizer prepared according to example 3 is added to 30,000 g of urea, the mixture is heated to

85—90° C og denne temperatur holdes i 30—90 minutter. 85-90° C and this temperature is maintained for 30-90 minutes.

Blandingen reguleres derefter til 40— 50° C, og man tilsetter blandingen 40 g MgCO;i og 45 000 g formalin med en form-aldehydkonsentrasjon av 36,8 vektprosent og med en pH-verdi ved 25° C innstillet på 8,0—9,0 ved hjelp av 2-n NaOH. Den resulterende blanding oppvarmes til 40— 50° C, og denne temperatur holdes i 90 —180 minutter. Det sluttelig oppnådde kondensasjonsprodukt blandes med 33 000 g cellulose og bearbeides, tørkes og granu-leres for fremstilling av ureapressmasse. The mixture is then adjusted to 40-50° C, and 40 g of MgCO;i and 45,000 g of formalin are added to the mixture with a formaldehyde concentration of 36.8% by weight and with a pH value at 25° C set at 8.0- 9.0 using 2-n NaOH. The resulting mixture is heated to 40-50°C, and this temperature is maintained for 90-180 minutes. The finally obtained condensation product is mixed with 33,000 g of cellulose and processed, dried and granulated for the production of urea pressing compound.

Claims (2)

1. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av et kondensasjonsprodukt mellom et alde-hyd, fortrinnsvis formaldehyd, og karbamid eller melamin under anvendelse av en sulfonamidforbindelse som plastiseringsmiddel for den oppnådde harpiks, karakterisert ved at der først ved oppvarmning til temperaturer i området 80—175° C bevirkes en kjemisk reaksjon mellom i det minste en vesentlig del av plastiseringsmiddelet og melamin eller karbamid, hvorefter det således oppnådde reaksjonsprodukt omsettes med aldehydet.1. Process for the production of a condensation product between an aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, and carbamide or melamine using a sulfonamide compound as a plasticizer for the resin obtained, characterized in that first by heating to temperatures in the range 80-175° C a chemical reaction between at least a substantial part of the plasticizer and melamine or carbamide, after which the reaction product thus obtained is reacted with the aldehyde. 2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i på-stand 1, karakterisert ved at plastiseringsmiddelet er en aromatisk sulfonamidforbindelse som inneholder en med hydrogen reaktiv gruppe, f. eks. N-metyl-ol-toluensulfonamid.2. Method as stated in claim 1, characterized in that the plasticizer is an aromatic sulfonamide compound containing a group reactive with hydrogen, e.g. N-methyl-ol-toluenesulfonamide.
NO1165/73A 1972-03-22 1973-03-21 CEILING OR WALL PANEL. NO136587C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK133272A DK132561C (en) 1972-03-22 1972-03-22 CEILING OR WALL COVERING

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO136587B true NO136587B (en) 1977-06-20
NO136587C NO136587C (en) 1977-09-28

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NO1165/73A NO136587C (en) 1972-03-22 1973-03-21 CEILING OR WALL PANEL.

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US (1) US3890753A (en)
AT (1) AT331481B (en)
BE (1) BE796642A (en)
CH (1) CH563510A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2312663A1 (en)
DK (1) DK132561C (en)
FR (1) FR2176756B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1423234A (en)
NL (1) NL7303861A (en)
NO (1) NO136587C (en)
SE (1) SE400597B (en)

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DK132561B (en) 1975-12-29
CH563510A5 (en) 1975-06-30
GB1423234A (en) 1976-02-04
NO136587C (en) 1977-09-28
BE796642A (en) 1973-07-02
ATA252073A (en) 1975-11-15
NL7303861A (en) 1973-09-25
DK132561C (en) 1976-05-31
DE2312663A1 (en) 1973-10-04
SE400597B (en) 1978-04-03
AT331481B (en) 1976-08-25
US3890753A (en) 1975-06-24
FR2176756B1 (en) 1976-06-11
FR2176756A1 (en) 1973-11-02

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