NO134951B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO134951B NO134951B NO4540/72A NO454072A NO134951B NO 134951 B NO134951 B NO 134951B NO 4540/72 A NO4540/72 A NO 4540/72A NO 454072 A NO454072 A NO 454072A NO 134951 B NO134951 B NO 134951B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- gas
- filling
- xenon
- gas filling
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09J175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
Lavtrykks-gassutladningsrør. Low pressure gas discharge tube.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et lavtrykksgassutladningsrør som også inneholder kvikksølv, særlig lysrør; oppfinnelsen angår særlig gassfyllingen i slike rør. The present invention relates to a low-pressure gas discharge tube which also contains mercury, particularly fluorescent tubes; the invention particularly relates to the gas filling in such pipes.
Lavtrykks-gassutladningsrør som anvendes til belysning, inneholder vanligvis e..\ edelgassfylling hvor et trykk som bare utgjør noen få torr (mm Hg), samt en liten mengde kvikksølv som hovedsakelig befin-ner seg i dampform når røret er i drift; det totale trykk i røret ligger ved drifts-temperaturen betydelig under atmosfære-trykket. Low-pressure gas discharge tubes used for lighting usually contain a noble gas filling where the pressure is only a few torr (mm Hg), as well as a small amount of mercury which is mainly in vapor form when the tube is in operation; the total pressure in the pipe is significantly below the atmospheric pressure at the operating temperature.
For lysrør og lignende utladningsrør er der allerede blitt foreslått forskjellig-artede gassfyllinger, og som gassfylling er de fleste edelgasser blitt foreslått. Eksem-pelvis er det i tysk patent nr. 682 013 foreslått en gassfylling bestående av neon med en tilsetning av 0,2 til 0,9 pst. krypton eller xenon, og i henhold til U. S. patent nr. 2 714 682 kan der anvendes en gassfylling som består av omtrent 20 pst. xenon og 80 pst. argon. I sistnevnte patent angis der forøvrig at trykket av denne fyllgassblan-ding hensiktsmessig utgjør 1 til 2 torr. En slik gassfylling gir ifølge det amerikanske patent et høyere lysutbytte for det i røret nevnte lyspulver og skal generelt sett også bevirke at det totale lysutbytte av et lysrør med en slik gassfylling økes. Various gas fillings have already been proposed for fluorescent tubes and similar discharge tubes, and most noble gases have been proposed as gas filling. For example, German patent no. 682,013 proposes a gas filling consisting of neon with an addition of 0.2 to 0.9 percent krypton or xenon, and according to U.S. patent no. 2,714,682, a gas filling consisting of approximately 20 percent xenon and 80 percent argon. In the latter patent, it is also stated that the pressure of this filling gas mixture is suitably 1 to 2 torr. Such a gas filling gives, according to the American patent, a higher light yield for the light powder mentioned in the tube and, generally speaking, should also cause the total light yield of a fluorescent tube with such a gas filling to be increased.
Oppfinnelsen tar sikte på en like over-for denne kjente teknikkens stilling samtidig løsning av flere oppgaver. Den opp-rinnelige hensikt med oppfinnelsen var å skaffe et lysrør som kunne holdes i drift ved temperaturer under 0° C og samtidig med sikkerhet tenne og ha en tilstrekke-lig lang levetid i forbindelse med et høyt lysutbytte. En annen hensikt med oppfinnelsen var å skaffe et lysrør som kunne anvendes universelt, dvs. holdes i drift, både ved lavere temperaturer, altså under 0° C, og ved værelsestemperatur. The invention aims at a similar solution to this known technique's position at the same time of several tasks. The original purpose of the invention was to provide a fluorescent tube which could be kept in operation at temperatures below 0° C and at the same time safely ignite and have a sufficiently long life in connection with a high light yield. Another purpose of the invention was to provide a fluorescent tube that could be used universally, i.e. kept in operation, both at lower temperatures, i.e. below 0° C, and at room temperature.
Det er tidligere kjent at man hittil for lysrør som også måtte holdes i drift ved lave temperaturer, som f. eks. lysrør for offentlig belysning, måtte anvende en gassfylling med et temmelig lavt gasstrykk. Dette var først og fremst uheldig av den grunn at disse lysrør hadde en kort It is previously known that until now fluorescent tubes had to be kept in operation at low temperatures, such as e.g. fluorescent tubes for public lighting, had to use a gas filling with a rather low gas pressure. This was primarily unfortunate for the reason that these fluorescent tubes had a short
levetid, i alminnelighet 50 til 60 pst. av lifetime, generally 50 to 60 per cent of
den vanlige, og at fabrikkene måtte frem-stille og holde på lager to typer av lysrør, the usual one, and that the factories had to produce and keep in stock two types of fluorescent tubes,
nærmere bestemt en for vanlige temperaturer og en for lave temperaturer. specifically one for normal temperatures and one for low temperatures.
Det har nu vist seg at samtlige ovenfor nærmere omtalte formål kan oppnås It has now been shown that all of the purposes mentioned in more detail above can be achieved
samtidig hvis der som gassfylling for rø-rene anvendes en sådan som i henhold til det ovenfor nevnte U. S. patent 2 714 682 er å betrakte som ikke egnet og som består at the same time if a gas filling for the pipes is used which, according to the above-mentioned U.S. patent 2 714 682, is considered unsuitable and which consists
av argon og xenon, hvor mengden av xenon ligger mellom 1 og 5 volumpst., men hvor of argon and xenon, where the amount of xenon is between 1 and 5 volume percent., but where
trykket av denne gassfylling ligger i et om-råde som i henhold til det amerikanske patent også angis som ikke særlig egnet, idet dette trykk ligger mellom 2,5 og 4 torr. the pressure of this gas filling is in an area which, according to the American patent, is also indicated as not particularly suitable, as this pressure is between 2.5 and 4 torr.
Gassfyllingens trykk velges ved rør som også med sikkerhet skal tenne ved lave temperaturer, fortrinnsvis mellom 2,7 og 3,2 torr. Disse trykk representerer i hvert tilfelle fyllgasstrykk, dvs de trykk ved hvilke gassblanding som har omtrent værelsestemperatur, fylles i røret. Lysrør med en gassfylling i henhold til oppfinnelsen er like godt egnet for drift ved lave som ved normale temperaturer og har samtidig den vanlige levetid og det vanlige lysutbytte. The gas filling pressure is selected for pipes that must also ignite safely at low temperatures, preferably between 2.7 and 3.2 torr. These pressures in each case represent filling gas pressure, i.e. the pressures at which the gas mixture at approximately room temperature is filled in the pipe. Fluorescent tubes with a gas filling according to the invention are equally suitable for operation at low as at normal temperatures and at the same time have the usual lifetime and the usual light output.
Under de forsøk som ble foretatt, ved hvilke egenskapene av gassfyllinger av argon og xenon i lysrør ble inngående prø-vet, ble der på overraskende måte konsta-tert at en xenon-tilsetning på mellom 1 og 5 volumpst., særlig mellom 3 og 5 volumpst., ved trykk på 2,5 til 4 torr, særlig trykk på ca. 3 torr, var særlig godt egnet til å muliggjøre en sikker tenning av rø-rene ved lave temperaturer, nærmere bestemt helt ned til —20° C. Hittil har man bare ansett slike lysrør som egnet, hvis fyllgasstrykk bare utgjorde 1 til 2 torr og av denne grunn hadde den ovenfor nevnte lave levetid. I motsetning til dette oppviste lysrørene ifølge oppfinnelsen ved vanlig utførelse en levetid på betydelig over 5000 h. During the experiments that were carried out, in which the properties of gas fillings of argon and xenon in fluorescent tubes were thoroughly tested, it was surprisingly found that a xenon addition of between 1 and 5 vol.%, especially between 3 and 5 volumpt., at pressures of 2.5 to 4 torr, especially pressures of approx. 3 torr, was particularly well suited to enable a safe ignition of the tubes at low temperatures, more precisely down to -20° C. Up until now, only such fluorescent tubes have been considered suitable, if the filling gas pressure was only 1 to 2 torr and for this reason, the above-mentioned had a short life. In contrast to this, the light tubes according to the invention had a lifetime of considerably more than 5,000 h in their usual design.
Diagrammet på tegningen viser de ved en lysrørtype som foreligger på markedet, foretatte og eksperimentelt fastslåtte for-bindelser mellom gassfyllingens sammensetning og lysrørets villighet til å tenne ved en temperatur på —20° C, og et fyllgasstrykk på ca. 2,8 torr. Langs abscissen er avsatt gassfyllingens sammensetning i volumpst. og langs ordinaten prosentsatsen for de rør som tente. Forsøkene ble, som nevnt, gjennomført med lysrør av normal konstruksjon som ble påtrykt vekselstrøm av vanlig frekvens og koblet på den vanligvis brukte måte, dvs med strømbegren-sende kvelespole og tenner av den almin-nelige brukte type. Rørene hadde ved normal merkespenning på 220 V et effektfor-bruk på 40 W og var utstyrt med de ved disse typer vanlige elektroder. Den øvre kurve refererer seg til den påtrykte spenning på 220 V og den nedre til en påtrykt spenning på 190 V. The diagram in the drawing shows the connections made and experimentally determined for a type of fluorescent tube available on the market between the composition of the gas filling and the willingness of the fluorescent tube to light at a temperature of -20° C, and a filling gas pressure of approx. 2.8 torr. Along the abscissa is the composition of the gas filling in volume percentage. and along the ordinate the percentage of the tubes that lit. The experiments were, as mentioned, carried out with fluorescent tubes of normal construction which were applied alternating current of normal frequency and connected in the usual way, i.e. with a current-limiting choke coil and teeth of the generally used type. At a normal rated voltage of 220 V, the tubes had a power consumption of 40 W and were equipped with the usual electrodes of these types. The upper curve refers to the applied voltage of 220 V and the lower one to an applied voltage of 190 V.
Som det fremgår av disse kurver, øker den prosentuale mengde av rør som tenner perfekt i kulde, nesten sprangvis ved et xenon-innhold av gassfyllingen på 1 pst. Ved en påtrykt spenning på 220 V og et xenoninnhold på 3 pst. tente praktisk talt samtlige rør, og ved en påtrykt spenning på 190 V og xenon-innhold på 4 pst. tente likeledes praktisk talt samtlige rør på fore-skreven måte ved en temperatur på —20°C. Xenonmengder på over ca. 5 pst. betinget ingen videre forbedring av villigheten til å tenne. As can be seen from these curves, the percentage of tubes that ignite perfectly in the cold increases almost by leaps and bounds at a xenon content of the gas filling of 1 percent. At an applied voltage of 220 V and a xenon content of 3 percent, practically all ignited tubes, and at an applied voltage of 190 V and a xenon content of 4%, practically all the tubes likewise ignited in the prescribed manner at a temperature of -20°C. Xenon amounts of over approx. 5 percent conditioned no further improvement in the willingness to light.
Ved det ovenfor nevnte fyllgasstrykk på ca. 3 torr hadde rørene en levetid på over 5000 h og ved større trykk øket leve-tiden noe; ved trykk over 4 torr avtok tennvilligheten imidlertid ved lave temperaturer. At the above-mentioned filling gas pressure of approx. At 3 torr, the tubes had a lifetime of over 5000 h and at higher pressures the lifetime increased somewhat; at pressures above 4 torr, however, the willingness to ignite decreased at low temperatures.
Som det fremgår av de ovenfor be-skrevne forsøks-resultater, kan der ved hjelp av en gassfylling ifølge oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes lysrør som er universelt an-vendbare og til tross for dette oppviser gunstige driftsegenskaper. As can be seen from the test results described above, by means of a gas filling according to the invention, fluorescent tubes can be provided which are universally applicable and, despite this, exhibit favorable operating characteristics.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2161340A DE2161340C3 (en) | 1971-12-10 | 1971-12-10 | Adhesive based on polyurethane |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO134951B true NO134951B (en) | 1976-10-04 |
Family
ID=5827618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO4540/72A NO134951B (en) | 1971-12-10 | 1972-12-08 |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5541276B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT327355B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU464083B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE792482A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7208678D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA972496A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH578022A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2161340C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK132445C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES409466A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2162626B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1400756A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT974853B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL175527C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO134951B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA728708B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5331192B2 (en) * | 1973-12-07 | 1978-08-31 | ||
| JPS5623710Y2 (en) * | 1975-05-31 | 1981-06-03 | ||
| DE2644923C2 (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1985-06-05 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process for the coating of textile fabrics |
| DE3028496C2 (en) * | 1980-07-26 | 1986-04-24 | Preh, Elektrofeinmechanische Werke Jakob Preh Nachf. Gmbh & Co, 8740 Bad Neustadt | Adhesion promoter for a carrier material |
| DE3524333A1 (en) * | 1985-07-08 | 1987-01-08 | Basf Ag | POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE BLENDS |
| DE3717070A1 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-12-08 | Bayer Ag | POLYESTER POLYURETHANES AND THEIR USE AS ADHESIVE |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1097504A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | 1968-01-03 | Upjohn Co | Elastomeric polyurethanes |
| GB1125285A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1968-08-28 | Ici Ltd | Polyurethane coating compositions and their use |
| FR1516206A (en) * | 1967-01-26 | 1968-03-08 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Bonding process |
| US3538055A (en) * | 1967-11-29 | 1970-11-03 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Polyesterurethane adhesives |
-
1971
- 1971-12-10 DE DE2161340A patent/DE2161340C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-12-04 AU AU49628/72A patent/AU464083B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-05 CA CA158,157A patent/CA972496A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-07 IT IT54544/72A patent/IT974853B/en active
- 1972-12-07 AT AT1041872A patent/AT327355B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-08 CH CH1791472A patent/CH578022A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-08 BE BE792482A patent/BE792482A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-08 FR FR7243842A patent/FR2162626B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 BR BR8678/72A patent/BR7208678D0/en unknown
- 1972-12-08 NL NLAANVRAGE7216734,A patent/NL175527C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-08 JP JP12260572A patent/JPS5541276B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 GB GB5688672A patent/GB1400756A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-08 NO NO4540/72A patent/NO134951B/no unknown
- 1972-12-08 ZA ZA728708A patent/ZA728708B/en unknown
- 1972-12-09 ES ES409466A patent/ES409466A1/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-10-18 DK DK565973A patent/DK132445C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2162626A1 (en) | 1973-07-20 |
| CH578022A5 (en) | 1976-07-30 |
| ES409466A1 (en) | 1976-01-01 |
| ATA1041872A (en) | 1975-04-15 |
| DE2161340A1 (en) | 1973-06-28 |
| DK132445C (en) | 1976-05-10 |
| BE792482A (en) | 1973-06-08 |
| CA972496A (en) | 1975-08-05 |
| BR7208678D0 (en) | 1973-09-20 |
| JPS4876995A (en) | 1973-10-16 |
| NL7216734A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
| ZA728708B (en) | 1973-08-29 |
| FR2162626B1 (en) | 1978-09-08 |
| AU464083B2 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
| DE2161340C3 (en) | 1982-02-18 |
| IT974853B (en) | 1974-07-10 |
| GB1400756A (en) | 1975-07-23 |
| AU4962872A (en) | 1974-06-06 |
| JPS5541276B2 (en) | 1980-10-23 |
| AT327355B (en) | 1976-01-26 |
| DE2161340B2 (en) | 1976-02-05 |
| NL175527C (en) | 1984-11-16 |
| DK132445B (en) | 1975-12-08 |
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