NO116978B - - Google Patents
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- NO116978B NO116978B NO155645A NO15564564A NO116978B NO 116978 B NO116978 B NO 116978B NO 155645 A NO155645 A NO 155645A NO 15564564 A NO15564564 A NO 15564564A NO 116978 B NO116978 B NO 116978B
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- parts
- acid
- carried out
- sulfuric acid
- Prior art date
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 aliphatic hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- GUQRKZPMVLRXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexylhydroxylamine Chemical compound ONC1CCCCC1 GUQRKZPMVLRXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCCC1 NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XDYRBRLMIGIKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclopentylhydroxylamine Chemical compound ONC1CCCC1 XDYRBRLMIGIKQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(O)=O PQLVXDKIJBQVDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODHYIQOBTIWVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NO ODHYIQOBTIWVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CJSZWOGCKKDSJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclopentane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCC1 CJSZWOGCKKDSJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av cykloalkylhydroksylamin. Process for the production of cycloalkylhydroxylamine.
Det er kjent at lavmolekylære nitro-alkaner, hvis nitrogruppe er forbundet med et sekundært kullstoffatom, f. eks. 2-nitro-propan, kan reduseres elektrolytisk i sur oppløsning til de tilsvarende alifatiske hydroksylaminer f. eks. til isopropylhydroksy-lamin. Denne redusering foregår i almin-nelighet i fortynnet, rent vandig, svovelsur oppløsning. I den senere tid har de alicykliske hydroksylamin-forbindelser fått spe-siell betydning ved at de anvendes som mellomprodukt for kunststoffer. It is known that low molecular weight nitroalkanes, whose nitro group is connected to a secondary carbon atom, e.g. 2-nitro-propane, can be electrolytically reduced in acidic solution to the corresponding aliphatic hydroxylamines, e.g. to isopropylhydroxylamine. This reduction generally takes place in dilute, purely aqueous, sulfuric acid solution. In recent times, the alicyclic hydroxylamine compounds have gained special importance because they are used as intermediates for plastics.
Wagner og Zook nevner i sin lærebok Wagner and Zook mention in their textbook
at nitrogruppen kan reduseres ved elektro-lyse til aminogrupper. Aminer er imidlertid meget forskjellige fra hydroksylaminer og en reduksjon av nitrogrupper, som bare fører til hydroksylaminer, kan ikke på noen måte sammenlignes med en fullstendig reduksjon, som fører fra nitrogruppene til aminene som ikke lar seg redusere videre. that the nitro group can be reduced by electrolysis to amino groups. However, amines are very different from hydroxylamines and a reduction of nitro groups, which leads only to hydroxylamines, cannot in any way be compared with a complete reduction, which leads from the nitro groups to the amines which cannot be further reduced.
I CA. 38 26" (1944) refereres et arbeide FOR ABOUT. 38 26" (1944) a work is referred to
av Pearson og Evans. Disse forfattere har uten diafragma redusert lavere alifatiske nitroforbindelser i nærvær av en sterk base, altså i jonisert form. De oppnådde på katoden hydroksylaminer, men på anoden en ekvivalent mengde karbonylforbindelser og nitrøse gasser. Dessuten ble de hydroksylaminer som var dannet på katoden igjen ok-sydert på anoden. I motsetning hertil blir det ved foreliggende fremgangsmåte hoved-sakelig dannet hydroksylaminer på katoden. På anoden foregår det ingen oksyde-ring. by Pearson and Evans. These authors have reduced lower aliphatic nitro compounds without a diaphragm in the presence of a strong base, i.e. in ionized form. They obtained on the cathode hydroxylamines, but on the anode an equivalent amount of carbonyl compounds and nitrous gases. In addition, the hydroxylamines that had formed on the cathode were oxidized again on the anode. In contrast, in the present method, hydroxylamines are mainly formed on the cathode. No oxidation takes place at the anode.
Det har vist seg at alicykliske nitro-forbindelser, f. eks. nitrocykloheksan kan It has been found that alicyclic nitro compounds, e.g. nitrocyclohexane can
reduseres elektrolytisk med godt utbytte på is reduced electrolytically with good yield
enkel måte til de tilsvarende hydroksylaminer. Da disse alicykliske nitroforbindelser bare er meget lite oppløselige i vann eller vandig syre sammenlignet med de lavmole-kylærealifatiske nitro-forbindelser, er det nødvendig å arbeide under tilsetting av organiske oppløsningsmidler som kan blan-des med vann. Som løsningsmidler er f. eks. først og fremst enverdige alkoholer og organiske syrer egnet. easy way to the corresponding hydroxylamines. As these alicyclic nitro compounds are only very slightly soluble in water or aqueous acid compared to the low molecular weight aliphatic nitro compounds, it is necessary to work with the addition of organic solvents that can be mixed with water. Solvents are e.g. primarily monohydric alcohols and organic acids suitable.
Elektrolysen kan utføres i et elektro-lysekar som ved hjelp av en porøs mellomvegg er delt i en anolytt- og en katolyttdel. Som katode anvendes fortrinnsvis nikkel, men det kan også anvendes andre kjente elektrodematerialer, f. eks. forsølvet kopper eller amalgamert bly. Som anodematerial er bly som under elektrolysen overtrekkes med blydioksyd egnet. The electrolysis can be carried out in an electrolysis vessel which is divided into an anolyte and a catholyte part by means of a porous intermediate wall. Nickel is preferably used as cathode, but other known electrode materials can also be used, e.g. silver-plated copper or amalgamated lead. Lead, which is coated with lead dioxide during electrolysis, is suitable as anode material.
Elektrolysen blir utført på den måte at en ca. 10—15 % oppløsning av nitrocy-kloalkanet fylles i katoderommet. Som anolytt anvendes en vandig 20 % svovelsyre. Elektrodene forbindes med en strømkilde på en slik måte at strømtettheten blir ca. 0,01—0,03 amp/cm<2>. Spenningen bør herunder i middelverdi ligge mellom 2 og 8 volt. The electrolysis is carried out in such a way that an approx. A 10-15% solution of the nitrocycloalkane is filled in the cathode compartment. An aqueous 20% sulfuric acid is used as anolyte. The electrodes are connected to a current source in such a way that the current density is approx. 0.01—0.03 amp/cm<2>. The voltage should be between 2 and 8 volts on average.
Da elektrolysen foregår under varme-utvikling må det foretas kjøling for å opprettholde en konstant temperatur. For å unngå dannelse av biprodukter bør temperaturen i elektrolyten hensiktsmessig hol-des under romtemperatur, hensiktsmessig mellom 5 og 20° C. Som katolyt blir det fortrinnsvis anvendt en svovel- eller eddik-sur alkoholoppløsning, som er tilsatt nitro-cykloalkanet. For å fremkalle en jevn og god redusering bør det opprettholdes en bestemt pH-verdi, som, når det anvendes mineralsyrer helst ikke bør ligge under 1. Når det brukes organiske syrer, f. eks. eddikk-syre foretas innstillingen på en bestemt pH-verdi ved å sette til natriumacetat som puffer. Under elektrolysen stiger pH-verdien ved forbruket av syre under dannelse av salter av cykloalkyl-hydroksylaminet, og når det anvendes mineralsyrer er det nød-vendig å sette til frisk syre kontinuerlig for å opprettholde pH-verdien. Når det anvendes organiske syrer kan disse, når det er vann til stede samtidig tjene som strøm - leder og som løsningsmiddel, idet den mengde som bringes inn er vesentlig større enn den som forbrukes ved elektrolysen hvorved det ikke er nødvendig å sette til ny syre. As the electrolysis takes place during heat generation, cooling must be carried out to maintain a constant temperature. To avoid the formation of by-products, the temperature in the electrolyte should suitably be kept below room temperature, suitably between 5 and 20° C. As catholyte, a sulfuric or acetic acid alcohol solution is preferably used, to which the nitro-cycloalkane has been added. In order to induce a smooth and good reduction, a specific pH value should be maintained, which, when mineral acids are used, should preferably not be below 1. When organic acids are used, e.g. acetic acid, the setting is made to a specific pH value by adding sodium acetate as a buffer. During the electrolysis, the pH value rises due to the consumption of acid during the formation of salts of the cycloalkyl-hydroxylamine, and when mineral acids are used, it is necessary to add fresh acid continuously to maintain the pH value. When organic acids are used, these can, when water is present, simultaneously serve as a current conductor and as a solvent, as the amount brought in is significantly greater than that consumed during electrolysis, whereby it is not necessary to add new acid.
Avslutningen av elektrolysen merkes på at det ikke forbrukes ytterligere syre, hvilket lett kan fastslåes ved titrering eller på andre kjente måter. Under de betingelser som er angitt varer elektrolysen ca. 6—8 timer, men denne tid kan nedsettes ennu mere ved hjelp av passende betingelser. The end of the electrolysis is marked by the fact that no further acid is consumed, which can be easily determined by titration or in other known ways. Under the conditions indicated, the electrolysis lasts approx. 6-8 hours, but this time can be reduced even more using suitable conditions.
Opparbeidelsen gjennomføres ved nøy-tralisering av den fri syre og av den syre som er bundet til cykloalkylhydroksylami-net med syreavstumpende midler, f. eks. al-kalilut eller ammoniakk. Det er fordelaktig å holde oppløsningen alkalisk, idet det herunder hensiktsmessig ikke overskrides en pH-verdi på 13. Nøytraliseringen kan fore-gå før eller etter at løsningsmidlet er fjer-net. Når det anvendes alkoholer blir løs-ningsmidlet fordampet fra den nøytrali-serte reaksjonsblanding under tilsettning av vann, hvorunder cykloalkylhydroksyl-aminet krystalliserer ut av den vandige rest etter avkjøling. The processing is carried out by neutralizing the free acid and the acid which is bound to the cycloalkylhydroxylamine with acid quenching agents, e.g. al-kalilut or ammonia. It is advantageous to keep the solution alkaline, as a pH value of 13 is not appropriately exceeded. The neutralization can take place before or after the solvent has been removed. When alcohols are used, the solvent is evaporated from the neutralized reaction mixture while adding water, during which the cycloalkylhydroxylamine crystallizes out of the aqueous residue after cooling.
Etter utskilling av krystallene blir det små mengder biprodukter tilbake i den vandige oppløsning, f. eks. cykloalkylamin. Utbyttet av cykloalkylhydroksylaminer be-løper seg til ca. 80 % regnet på de nitro-cykloalkaner som er tilsatt og kan økes ennu mere ved å opprettholde optimale betingelser, som valget av elektrodemate-rial, den nødvendige pH-verdi og temperatur. After separation of the crystals, small amounts of by-products remain in the aqueous solution, e.g. cycloalkylamine. The yield of cycloalkylhydroxylamines amounts to approx. 80% calculated on the nitro-cycloalkanes that have been added and can be increased even more by maintaining optimal conditions, such as the choice of electrode material, the required pH value and temperature.
Den elektrolytiske reduksjon kan gjen-nomføres på enkel måte kontinuerlig ved at reduksjonen utføres trinnvis i kaskade-koblede elektrolyseseller. Katolyttoppløsnin-gen løper herunder kontinuerlig fra første trinn inn i de etterfølgende og blir herunder trinnvis redusert til cykloalkylhydroksylamin. The electrolytic reduction can be carried out in a simple way continuously by the reduction being carried out step by step in cascade-connected electrolysis cells. Herein, the catholyte solution runs continuously from the first step into the subsequent ones and is here step by step reduced to cycloalkylhydroxylamine.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
10 vektsdeler nitrocykloheksan blir oppløst i 90 volumdeler 70 % etanol og 7 volumdeler 18 % svovelsyre eller tilsatt. Denne blanding blir underkastet en elektrolytisk reduksjon på en nikkelkatode under omrøring og kjøling. Strømtettheten er 0,03 amp/cm-. Elektrolysen blir gjen-nomført under anvendelse av en ikke gla-sert, porøs lere-mellomvegg ved 18° C. Som anode brukes en blysylinder, som anolytt 20 % svovelsyre. Under elektrolysen som 10 parts by weight of nitrocyclohexane are dissolved in 90 parts by volume of 70% ethanol and 7 parts by volume of 18% sulfuric acid or added. This mixture is subjected to an electrolytic reduction on a nickel cathode while stirring and cooling. The current density is 0.03 amp/cm-. The electrolysis is carried out using an unglazed, porous clay partition at 18° C. A lead cylinder is used as the anode, with 20% sulfuric acid as the anolyte. During the electrolysis which
krever 8 timer, blir 44 volumdeler 18 % svovelsyre førtv inn i katolyten, for å opprettholde en pH-verdi på 1—2. For å isolere det cykloheksylhydroksylamin som dannes blir 30 % natronlut tilsatt under kjøling, inntil det oppnås en pH-verdi på 12—13. Etter tilsetting av ca. 50—100 volumdeler vann blir alkoholen fordampet og det til-bakeværende utfeldte cykloheksylhydroksylamin skilt ut. Det oppnås et utbytte på 6,6 vektsdeler cykloheksylhydroksylamin, tilsvarende 74 % av det teoretisk mulige utbytte. Smeltepunktet for det sublimerte produkt ligger på 134,5° C. requires 8 hours, 44 parts by volume of 18% sulfuric acid are introduced into the catholyte, to maintain a pH value of 1-2. To isolate the cyclohexylhydroxylamine that is formed, 30% caustic soda is added while cooling, until a pH value of 12-13 is achieved. After the addition of approx. 50-100 parts by volume of water, the alcohol is evaporated and the remaining precipitated cyclohexylhydroxylamine separated. A yield of 6.6 parts by weight of cyclohexylhydroxylamine is obtained, corresponding to 74% of the theoretically possible yield. The melting point of the sublimated product is 134.5° C.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
10 vektsdeler nitrocykloheksan blir oppløst i isedikk-vann i forholdet 7 : 2 og redusert katodisk i 7y2 timer på en nikkel-elektrode. En leremellomvegg skiller katolyten fra anolyten, som består av 70 % edikksyre mettet med natriumacetat. Som anode anvendes en blyelektrode. Strømtett-heten er 0,015 amp/cm<2>. 10 parts by weight of nitrocyclohexane are dissolved in glacial acetic acid-water in the ratio 7:2 and reduced cathodically for 7y2 hours on a nickel electrode. A clay partition separates the catholyte from the anolyte, which consists of 70% acetic acid saturated with sodium acetate. A lead electrode is used as the anode. The current density is 0.015 amp/cm<2>.
Isoleringen av cykloheksylhydroksylamin foregår under kjøling ved etterhvert å tilsette 30 % natronlut inntil en pH-verdi på ca. 13. Det utfelte cykloheksylhydroksylamin blir skilt fra. Som utbytte oppnås 5,8 vektsdeler cykloheksylhydroksylamin, tilsvarende et utbytte på 65 %. The isolation of cyclohexylhydroxylamine takes place during cooling by gradually adding 30% caustic soda until a pH value of approx. 13. The precipitated cyclohexylhydroxylamine is separated. As a yield, 5.8 parts by weight of cyclohexylhydroxylamine are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 65%.
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
I 45 volumdeler 70 % alkohol blir det oppløst 9 vektsdeler nitrocyklopentan og 7 cm:! 18 % svovelsyre blir tilsatt. Denne danner katoden og blir redusert elektrolytisk med nikkel som katode, under kjøling og omrøring. Strømtettheten er 0,02 amp/ cm2. Elektrolysen blir gjennomført under anvendelse av en porøs leremellomvegg. Temperaturen er 5° C. Som anode brukes en blysylinder, som anolytt 20 % svovelsyre. Under elektrolysen, som krever ca. In 45 parts by volume of 70% alcohol, 9 parts by weight of nitrocyclopentane and 7 cm:! 18% sulfuric acid is added. This forms the cathode and is reduced electrolytically with nickel as cathode, while cooling and stirring. The current density is 0.02 amp/cm2. The electrolysis is carried out using a porous clay partition. The temperature is 5° C. A lead cylinder is used as anode, with 20% sulfuric acid as anolyte. During the electrolysis, which requires approx.
7 timer, føres 30 volumdeler 18 % svovelsyre til katolytten. For å isolere det cyklo-pentylhydroksylamin som dannes blir 20 7 hours, 30 parts by volume of 18% sulfuric acid are fed to the catholyte. To isolate the cyclopentylhydroxylamine that is formed, 20
volumdeler 30 % natronlut tilsatt. Etter parts by volume 30% caustic soda added. After
opparbeidelse på vanlig måte blir det opp-nådd 6,3 vektsdeler cyklopentylhydroksyla-min, tilsvarende et utbytte på 80 %. working up in the usual way, 6.3 parts by weight of cyclopentylhydroxylamine are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 80%.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE14969/65A SE332948B (en) | 1964-11-19 | 1965-11-19 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE1290763 | 1963-11-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO116978B true NO116978B (en) | 1969-06-16 |
Family
ID=20296505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO155645A NO116978B (en) | 1963-11-22 | 1964-11-19 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT270946B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE656051A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH426560A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1454421A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1093076A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6413585A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO116978B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2310233A1 (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1974-09-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | FILLING POINT FOR A FUEL TANK OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| CN106839070B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2022-04-01 | 温岭市惠师登精密模具有限公司 | Directional multi-liquid fuel type heating lamp |
| CN109579108B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2023-08-29 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | High-backpressure coupling large-temperature-difference heating system for air cooling unit and operation method |
-
1964
- 1964-11-19 NO NO155645A patent/NO116978B/no unknown
- 1964-11-20 GB GB47396/64A patent/GB1093076A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-11-20 BE BE656051D patent/BE656051A/xx unknown
- 1964-11-20 AT AT982464A patent/AT270946B/en active
- 1964-11-20 CH CH1502364A patent/CH426560A/en unknown
- 1964-11-21 DE DE19641454421 patent/DE1454421A1/en active Pending
- 1964-11-23 NL NL6413585A patent/NL6413585A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH426560A (en) | 1966-12-15 |
| BE656051A (en) | 1965-03-16 |
| NL6413585A (en) | 1965-05-24 |
| GB1093076A (en) | 1967-11-29 |
| DE1454421A1 (en) | 1969-01-09 |
| AT270946B (en) | 1969-05-12 |
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