NO115905B - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO115905B NO115905B NO164191A NO16419166A NO115905B NO 115905 B NO115905 B NO 115905B NO 164191 A NO164191 A NO 164191A NO 16419166 A NO16419166 A NO 16419166A NO 115905 B NO115905 B NO 115905B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- salt
- oxide
- bath
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARSLNKYOPNUFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfite Chemical class [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])=O ARSLNKYOPNUFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H33/00—Other toys
- A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
- A63H33/042—Mechanical, electrical, optical, pneumatic or hydraulic arrangements; Motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19851—Gear and rotary bodies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Oppvarmingsbad for herding av kullstofflegert stål. Heating bath for hardening carbon alloy steel.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår et oppvarmingsbad for herding av kullstofflegert stål, f. eks. hurtigstål og • verktøystål, og angår hvilke som helst saltbad hvor det til et inert grunnsalt er satt metalloksyder. The present invention relates to a heating bath for hardening carbon-alloyed steel, e.g. high-speed steel and • tool steel, and concerns any salt bath where metal oxides have been added to an inert basic salt.
Det er tidligere kjent å varme opp kullstofflegerte stål, f. eks. verktøy- og hurtig-stål, i smeltebad. Herunder blir det som salt særlig anvendt bariumklorid eller bariumklorid i forbindelse med natrium-klorid, kaliumklorid, natriumkarbonat og kaliumkarbonat. It is previously known to heat carbon-alloyed steels, e.g. tool and high-speed steel, in a melting bath. Below, barium chloride or barium chloride in combination with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate are particularly used as salt.
Det er kjent at slike saltbad under oppvarmingen trekker kullstoff ut av det arbeidsstykke som skal herdes. It is known that such salt baths draw carbon out of the workpiece to be hardened during heating.
Slike enkle saltbad har imidlertid den However, such simple salt baths have it
mangel at stålet ved bråkjøling på overflaten> spesielt på kantene av taimede eller tildannede deler, ofte blir bløtt og at nett-opp den overflate som skal gjøres arbeids-dyktig ved herdingen dermed ikke blir egnet for den tiltenkte oppgave. shortcoming that the steel during quenching on the surface > especially on the edges of the plants or formed parts, often becomes soft and that net-up the surface that is to be made workable during hardening is thus not suitable for the intended task.
Det er derfor tidligere foreslått å hindre at det oppstår bløthud ved tilsetning av metalloksyder, f. eks. magnesiumoksyd og aluminumoksyd og begunstige innvirk-ningen av metalloksydene på overflaten av herdegodset ved ekstra tilsetting av boraks, pyrofosfater, fluorforbindelser. Slike bad har imidlertid den mangel overfor de tidligere at det tar meget lang tid å smelte dem opp. It has therefore previously been proposed to prevent soft skin from occurring by adding metal oxides, e.g. magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide and favor the effect of the metal oxides on the surface of the hardener by additional addition of borax, pyrophosphates, fluorine compounds. However, such baths have the disadvantage compared to the previous ones that it takes a very long time to melt them.
Tilsetningene kunne hittil også bare The additions could so far also only
smeltes i rent bariumklorid. Dessuten dan-net saltet meget slagg som på sin side virker forholdsvis ugunstig på elektrodene og på badutmuringen. is melted in pure barium chloride. In addition, the salt formed a lot of slag, which in turn has a relatively unfavorable effect on the electrodes and on the bath walls.
Ved de kjente saltblandinger har det In the case of the known salt mixtures it has
også vist seg at det surstoff som frigjøres mellom oppsmeltings- og herdetempera-turen er skadelig. it has also been shown that the oxygen that is released between the melting and hardening temperatures is harmful.
For slike oppvarmingsbad hvor det til et inert grunsalt er satt metalloksyder har det nå ved forsøk vist seg at herdevirk-ningen kan høynes og spesielt kan det hin-dres at det dannes en bløt hud uten drifts-messige sideulemper hvis det, i. henhold til oppfinnelsen, i forbindelse med den kjente tilsetning av stoffer som begunstiger oppløsningen av metalloksydene også sette små mengder av anorganiske sulfiter til den i og for seg kjente saltbadblanding. For such heating baths where metal oxides have been added to an inert ground salt, it has now been shown by trial that the curing effect can be increased and in particular it can be prevented that a soft skin is formed without operational side disadvantages if, in accordance with invention, in connection with the known addition of substances which favor the dissolution of the metal oxides, also add small amounts of inorganic sulphites to the known per se salt bath mixture.
Grunnen til at de små tilsetninger av sulfiter har slik overordentlig gunstig virk-ning i et bariumkloridbad som er tilsatt metalloksyd og forbindelser som smelter opp metalloksyd, synes å være at sulfitene virker som surstoffbindende stoffer. Det er nemlig da lett å forstå at oppvarmings-badene arbeider vesenlig bedre når det tilsettes en kjemisk forbindelse som ved lang-som egen dissosiasjon i løpet av perioden mellom oppsmeltings- og herde-temperaturen egner seg til å binde det surstoff som befinner seg i herdebadet. The reason why the small additions of sulphites have such an extremely beneficial effect in a barium chloride bath to which metal oxide and compounds which melt metal oxide have been added, seems to be that the sulphites act as oxygen-binding substances. It is then easy to understand that the heating baths work significantly better when a chemical compound is added which, by long-as-is own dissociation during the period between the melting and hardening temperatures, is suitable for binding the oxygen that is in the hardening bath .
Særlig overraskende er det at sulfitene i forbindelse med metalloksydene og de oksydoppløsende salttilsetninger også holder seg virksomme som surstoffbindende ved de temperaturer hvor sulfit som eneste stoff ville spaltes på kjent måte. It is particularly surprising that the sulphites in connection with the metal oxides and the oxide-dissolving salt additions also remain effective as oxygen binders at the temperatures where sulphite as the only substance would decompose in a known manner.
Dette kan også påvises ved at det i bad-ene ved herdetemperaturene ikke utvikles noe svoveldioksyd av sulffténe slik som det skulle ventes. This can also be demonstrated by the fact that in the baths at the curing temperatures no sulfur dioxide is developed from the sulphtides, as would be expected.
Den mengde sulf it som tilsettes er liten og går bare opp i noen få prosent av den samlede badblanding. The amount of sulphite that is added is small and only amounts to a few percent of the total bath mixture.
Tilsetningsmengden er herunder av-hengig av det prosentuale innhold av metalloksyder og oksydoppløsende forbindelser. Jo større tilsetningen av metalloksyd og oksydoppløsende forbindelser er, desto større kan tilsetningen av sulfiter være. Dog stiger sulfittilsetningen ikke i samme grad som stigningen i mengden av de to andre. The amount of addition also depends on the percentage content of metal oxides and oxide-dissolving compounds. The greater the addition of metal oxide and oxide-dissolving compounds, the greater the addition of sulphites can be. However, the sulphite addition does not rise to the same extent as the increase in the quantity of the other two.
I avhengighet av den samlede mengde av metalloksyder og oksydoppløsende stoffer skal det derfor hensiktsmessig tilsettes surstoffbindende stoffer, f. eks. barium-sulfiter, natriumsufiter o. 1. i en mengde på 0,01—10 pst., fortrinsvis 0,05—0,5 pst. av den samlede blanding. Depending on the total amount of metal oxides and oxide-dissolving substances, oxygen-binding substances must therefore be appropriately added, e.g. barium sulphites, sodium sulphites etc. in an amount of 0.01-10 per cent, preferably 0.05-0.5 per cent of the total mixture.
Sulfitene opprettholder sin fulle akti-vitet under den vanlige brukstid for badet. Der er ikke nødvendig å sette friske salter eller enndog sulfiter til saltbadet. The sulphites maintain their full activity during the normal period of use for the bathroom. There is no need to add fresh salts or even sulphites to the salt bath.
Et saltbad i henhold til oppfinnelsen gjør enndog arbeidsstykker fremstillet av kullsstoffattig stål hårde. For å hindre forurensning av skadelige andre salter og for å holde sammensetningen av badet konstant, er det tilrådelig å bruke et for-varmingsbad med følgende sammensetning: A salt bath according to the invention even hardens workpieces made of low-carbon steel. To prevent contamination by harmful other salts and to keep the composition of the bath constant, it is advisable to use a pre-heating bath with the following composition:
Forvarmingsbadet kan brukes ved temperaturer fra 680 til 1100° C. Det egner seg også for avkullingsfri oppvarming av verktøystål. The preheating bath can be used at temperatures from 680 to 1100° C. It is also suitable for decarburizing heating of tool steel.
Naturligvis kan det brukes andre for-varmingsbad i forbindelse med saltbadet i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Naturally, other pre-heating baths can be used in connection with the salt bath according to the invention.
Det skal nå gis noen eksempler på hvorledes oppfinnelsen kan bringes til ut-førelse. Some examples will now be given of how the invention can be implemented.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
Eksempel 4: Example 4:
Eksempel 5: Example 5:
Eksempel 6: Example 6:
En varmebehandling kan utføres på A heat treatment can be carried out on
følgende måte: the following way:
Et arbeidsstykke av hurtigstål blir som vanlig forvarmet i flere trinn i en muffe-ovn eiler fortrinsvis i et forvarmings-saltbad med den sammensetning som er angitt ovenfor til en temperatur på 700—800° C. Etter at arbeidsstykket er fjernet fra badet anbringes det i et varmebehandlings-saltbad som er sammensatt i overensstemmelse med en av de oppskrifter som er gitt ovenfor, idet det herunder sørges for å unngå særlig sterk kjøling. I hovedbadet varmes arbeidsstykket opp til 1180—1320° C, alt etter hva vedkommende stålkvalitet krever, idet den temperatur som oppnås som vanlig fastslås ved hjelp av farven på arbeidsstykket. For denne behandling kan det brukes en elektrisk ovn eller en annen passende innretning. A high-speed steel workpiece is normally preheated in several stages in a muffle furnace or preferably in a preheating salt bath with the composition stated above to a temperature of 700-800° C. After the workpiece has been removed from the bath, it is placed in a heat treatment salt bath which is composed in accordance with one of the recipes given above, with care being taken below to avoid particularly strong cooling. In the main bath, the workpiece is heated to 1180-1320° C, depending on what the steel quality in question requires, with the temperature achieved as usual being determined by the color of the workpiece. An electric oven or other suitable device can be used for this treatment.
Eksempel 7: Example 7:
På samme måte som beskrevet i eksempel 6 kan et høylegert kromstål bli be-handlet. I dette tilfelle må forvarmingen utføres i ett trinn til temperaturen 700— 800° C. I hovedbadet skal arbeidsstykket varmes opp til temperaturen 920—980° C. In the same way as described in example 6, a high-alloy chrome steel can be treated. In this case, the preheating must be carried out in one step to a temperature of 700—800° C. In the main bath, the workpiece must be heated to a temperature of 920—980° C.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEF0047097 | 1965-09-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO115905B true NO115905B (en) | 1968-12-23 |
Family
ID=7101419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO164191A NO115905B (en) | 1965-09-06 | 1966-08-04 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3387504A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT269708B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE684012A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR6682559D0 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH448629A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK120219B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES329833A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI47043C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1489576A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1106280A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL26059A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6609696A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO115905B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE317021B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK139459B (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1979-02-26 | Lego As | Gear element for toy building set. |
| JPS535674U (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-01-19 | ||
| US4507095A (en) * | 1982-09-28 | 1985-03-26 | Lin Weng Pin | Modular toy whirling unit |
| DE102005024455B4 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2007-03-08 | Gkn Driveline International Gmbh | Crown wheel and differential assembly with a crown wheel |
| US7621816B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2009-11-24 | Gkn Driveline International Gmbh | Driveshaft comprising a counter track joint featuring a delimited axial displacement path |
| DE102007054764B4 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2014-10-23 | Ass Ag Antriebstechnik | Crown wheel and crown gear differential |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1795197A (en) * | 1928-11-08 | 1931-03-03 | William H Compton | Power transmission for looms |
| US3118571A (en) * | 1960-11-14 | 1964-01-21 | Reynolds Marlyn Ward | Adjustable dispenser hopper drive mechanism |
| US3168836A (en) * | 1963-03-05 | 1965-02-09 | Frank A Militana | Sprocket with a replaceable wear rim for a crawler type vehicle |
-
1966
- 1966-06-29 IL IL26059A patent/IL26059A/en unknown
- 1966-07-11 NL NL6609696A patent/NL6609696A/xx unknown
- 1966-07-12 BE BE684012D patent/BE684012A/xx unknown
- 1966-07-12 AT AT668766A patent/AT269708B/en active
- 1966-08-03 ES ES0329833A patent/ES329833A1/en not_active Expired
- 1966-08-04 NO NO164191A patent/NO115905B/no unknown
- 1966-08-15 CH CH1182766A patent/CH448629A/en unknown
- 1966-08-16 SE SE11059/66A patent/SE317021B/xx unknown
- 1966-08-16 US US572735A patent/US3387504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-08-17 FR FR73229A patent/FR1489576A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-08-19 GB GB37286/66A patent/GB1106280A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-08-31 FI FI662273A patent/FI47043C/en active
- 1966-09-01 DK DK450066AA patent/DK120219B/en unknown
- 1966-09-01 BR BR182559/66A patent/BR6682559D0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL26059A (en) | 1969-11-12 |
| FI47043C (en) | 1973-09-10 |
| FR1489576A (en) | 1967-07-21 |
| FI47043B (en) | 1973-05-31 |
| BE684012A (en) | 1966-12-16 |
| ES329833A1 (en) | 1967-06-01 |
| CH448629A (en) | 1967-12-15 |
| US3387504A (en) | 1968-06-11 |
| NL6609696A (en) | 1967-03-07 |
| SE317021B (en) | 1969-11-03 |
| AT269708B (en) | 1969-03-25 |
| DK120219B (en) | 1971-04-26 |
| GB1106280A (en) | 1968-03-13 |
| BR6682559D0 (en) | 1973-04-19 |
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