NL2036067B1

NL2036067B1 - Absorbent article

Info

Publication number: NL2036067B1
Application number: NL2036067A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Van Ingelgem Werner; Derycke Tom
Original assignee: Drylock Tech N V
Priority date: 2023-10-18
Filing date: 2023-10-18
Publication date: 2025-05-02
Also published as: WO2025083141A1

Abstract

An absorbent article (AA) comprising a liquid pervious topsheet (TS), a liquid impervious backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C) comprising absorbent material (AM) and at least one 5 channel area (CA), said absorbent core being positi oned between said topsheet and said backsheet, wherein the topsheet (TS), backsheet (BS), and the absorbent core (C) substantially consist of one or more materials which break down in a composting environment. FIG. 1 10

Description

ABSORBENT ARTICLE

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technical field of absorbent articles, such as disposable personal hygiene products, in particular diapers, with improved compostable characteristics.

BACKGROUND

Disposable diapers have revolutionized the way infants and toddlers are cared for, providing a convenient and efficient means of managing bodily waste.

However, the widespread use of conventional disposable diapers has given rise to a significant environmental concern due to the non-biodegradable nature of these products.

Conventional disposable diapers are primarily composed of synthetic materials which can take hundreds of years to decompose in landfills. As a result, the accumulation of used diapers in landfills contributes to the burgeoning issue of waste management and environmental pollution.

The environmental impact of disposable diapers is further exacerbated by the sheer volume of diapers consumed globally each year. With millions of babies being born annually, the waste generated by disposable diapers has reached alarming levels, straining landfill capacity and increasing the carbon footprint associated with diaper production and disposal.

In response to these environmental concerns, there has been a growing demand for more sustainable diapering solutions.

A first attempt was made by providing cloth diapers that are reusable and can be washed and reused multiple times. However, such cloth diapers require extensive deep cleaning before they can be used again.

Consumers are increasingly seeking eco-friendly alternatives that can reduce the environmental impact of diaper waste while maintaining the convenience and functionality of disposable diapers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of embodiments of the invention to provide for an eco-friendly version of absorbent articles, in particular diapers, preferably while maintaining the convenience, performance and functionality thereof.

Thereto, a first aspect provides an absorbent article (AA) comprising a liquid pervious topsheet (TS), a liquid impervious backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C). The absorbent core comprises absorbent material (AM) and at least one changel area (CA), and is positioned between said topsheet (TS) and said backsheet (BS), wherein the topsheet (TS), backsheet (BS), and the absorbent core (C) substantially consist of one or more materials which break down in a composting environment.

It was found that an eco-friendlier absorbent article is achieved when having the topsheet (TS). backsheet (BS), and the absorbent core (C) made so that each of these components substantially consists of one or more materials which break down in a composting environment.

By using materials that break down in a composting environment the absorbent article will degrade into smaller, environmentally harmless components when exposed to composting conditions. This decomposition allows for reducing the environmental impact and promotes sustainability.

Additionally, it provides for a convenient and faster way to dispose the absorbent article (e.g. a diaper). Namely, at home, the article can easily be disposed by composting the article via traditional composting, e.g. the article can be thrown on a compost pile (typically outside) instead of having the article temporarily stored in an inside garbage bin. Keeping the diapers outside can help contain the unpleasant odors associated with waste, ensuring a more pleasant indoor environment.

The expression "break down" refers to the process of decomposition or disintegration of materials when they are exposed to a composting environment. The materials used may break down naturally and/or may break down upon influence of degrading agents included as an additive within the material for a respective component.

The expression "substantially consist” implies that a significant part of, preferably all of, the topsheet, the backsheet, and the absorbent core of the absorbent article should be made from materials that break down in a composting environment. By doing so, the primary or dominant constituents of these topsheet, the backsheet, and the absorbent core components allow for compostability, making the article more eco-friendly.

Preferably, the absorbent core comprises a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and a bottom core wrap sheet (BCW). The absorbent material (AM) is then positioned between said top core wrap sheet (TCW) and bottom core wrap sheet (BCW). Core wrap sheets may improve core stability and may facilitate overall manufacturing. Additionally, the core wrap sheets may help in keeping the absorbent material in a desired location.

Preferably, the topsheet (TS) and the backsheet (BS) each comprise biodegradable sheets, preferably biodegradable nonwoven sheets. The biodegradable sheets can decompose returning to the environment in a more eco-friendly manner, benefiting the eco-friendly usage of the article.

Preferably, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwoven sheets (NW1, NW2) that comprises, preferably consist of, one or more biodegradable materials, preferably biobased materials. The biodegradable materials are materials that can be broken down upon exposure to compositing conditions. These biobased materials have the benefit that they decompose within a reasonable timeframe, and do not persist in the environment as pollutants or waste.

More preferably, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises a material chosen from the group: biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF), biobased fibers (BF) such as natural fibers (NF), viscose fibers, a cellulose fibers, or a combination thereof. These fiber materials help in ensuring a good balance between compostability and structural integrity. Additionally, the biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) are found to deliver desired properties when crafted into a nonwoven sheet.

The biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) are preferably chosen from polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyethylene (PE) with one or more biodegradable enhancing additives, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC), more preferably the biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) are chosen from polylactic acid (PLA). Indeed, these biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) may be used for the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS).

It is further noted that the biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) can be used for the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and/or bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) as well.

According to an embodiment, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprise, preferably consist of, one or more natural fibers (NF) chosen from: jute fibers, kenaf fibers, hemp fibers, bamboo fibers, wool fibers, coconut fibers, flax fibers, pineapple leaf fibers, organic cotton fibers or combinations thereof. More preferably, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are made from bamboo fibers due to their eco-friendly and antimicrobial properties. Preferably, the one or more natural fibers (NF) are spunlaid, needlepunched, or wedlaided into a nonwoven sheet.

According to an embodiment, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprise, preferably consist of, polylactic acid (PLA) and/or comprises, preferably consist of, poly butylene succinate (PBS) or a blend (PLA/PBS) of polylactic acid and poly butylene succinate. The blending can be done to achieve certain properties or characteristics that may not be attainable by using either polymer on its own.

Preferably, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises, preferably consist of, a polylactic acid (PLA). In this manner, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) can break down into natural compounds like carbon dioxide and water, which is a significant advantage for reducing waste. Also, polylactic acid (PLA) can be produced from agricultural crops like corn or sugarcane, making it a renewable and sustainable material source.

Preferably, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) have a basis weight of at least 15 gsm, preferably at least 17 gsm. By having the basis weight as specified, a good composting performance can be achieved while ensuring a good structural stability of the respective sheet. In particular, in case the respective top and/or backsheet is comprises, preferably consist of polylactic acid (PLA).

According to an embodiment, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwovens made from a blend of a polyester-based material (PBM) and a natural fiber (NF). The combination of a polyester-based material (PBM) and a natural fiber (NF) in nonwovens can offer a range of benefits, including improved strength, durability, and sustainability.

In case fibers are used to craft nonwovens, the fibers can be bonded together via thermal bonding, chemical bonding, mechanical bonding. ultrasonic bonding or combinations thereof, it is generally preferred herein that the fibers are biodegradable thermoplastic fibers bonded via thermal bonding and/or ultrasonic bonding.

According to an embodiment, the backsheet (BS) consists of a laminate of a biobased layer (BS11), preferably a nonwoven layer, and a polymer-based layer (BS12), preferably a film layer.

By including polymer-based layer within a laminate making the backsheet, strength and liquid impermeability can be improved while the biobased layer, preferably a biobased nonwoven layer, more preferably a PLA nonwoven layer, facilitates the breakdown of the backsheet upon composting conditions.

Preferably, the biobased layer (BSI1) within the backsheet (BS) being formed as laminate comprises, preferably consists of, bamboo fibers. The bamboo fibers are biodegradable, which means they can naturally break down into organic materials when disposed of in a composting environment or a composting facility. 5

Preferably, the biobased layer (BS11) within the backsheet (BS) has a basis weight of between 15 and 45 gsm, preferably between 20 and 40 gsm, more preferably between 25 and 35gsm, most preferably of about 30 gsm. By designing the biobased layer of the backsheet as such, a desired performance is achieved in view of the compostable ability and the structural integrity of the sheet. in particular in the timeframe before disposal of the article in a composting environment.

Preferably, the polymer-based layer (BS12) within the backsheet (BS), has a basis weight of between 3 and 30 gsm, preferably between 10 and 25gsm, more preferably between 15 and 20 gsm, most preferably of about 18gsm. In this manner, a desired structural integrity is ensured.

In an embodiment, the polymer-based layer (BSI2) within the backsheet (BS) comprises polymer fibers (PF), preferably polyester fibers, and a degrading agent (Da) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions. In this way, a sheet is achieved which is both compostable and durable so as to provide for structural integrity within the absorbent article.

Generally, as used herein, the term "degrading agent” (Da) also referred to as a biodegrading agent or additive. pertains to a substance added to enhance biodegradability, facilitating the decomposition of the material with which it is incorporated.

In particular, according to an embodiment, the backsheet (BS) is a nonwoven sheet, comprising, preferably consisting of polymer fibers (Pf), and a degrading agent (Da), the agent helps to break down the polymer fibers in the polymer-based layer (BS12), which is preferably a nonwoven sheet.

In this way, a strong nonwoven backsheet can be achieved which is suitable for composting.

Generally, applicable herein, in case a degrading agent (Da) is included, said degrading agent can be chosen from a component within the group consisting of: a starch-based compound, an enzyme, a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs), an oxidative degradation agent, a UV initiator or combinations thereof.

Preferred components for the degrading agent (Da) shall now be explained in more detail.

Starch-based compounds (Da) are biodegradable and can be consumed by microorganisms in the compost pile. As microorganisms break down the starch, they create carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, effectively composting the nonwoven sheet. Enzymes can function as natural catalysts that accelerate the degradation of polymers.

Enzymes (Da) like amylase and protease can be added to the nonwoven sheet to help break down the polyester fibers. These enzymes enhance the material's biodegradability during composting.

A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAS) is a biodegradable polymer that can serve as a degrading agent.

When blended with polyester fibers, they can provide a source of carbon for microorganisms in the compost, making it easier for them to break down the nonwoven sheet.

The oxidative degradation agent (Da) can be chosen from compounds like transition metal ions and organic peroxides can initiate oxidative degradation of the polymer fibers. This process leads to the scission of polymer chains, making the material more susceptible to microbial degradation during composting,

The UV initiators (Da) can be used to enhance the compostability of a nonwoven sheet, especially when the sheet is made from polymers that are not naturally biodegradable. UV initiators are compounds that, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, initiate a process called photodegradation.

The term “degrading agent” and “degrader” are used interchangeably herein.

In an embodiment, the polymer fibers (PF) within the backsheet (BS) are preferably polyester fibers and the degrading agent (Da) is an enzyme chosen from esterase.

Preferred further features for the topsheet (TS) shall now be explained further.

According to an embodiment, the topsheet (TS) comprises, preferably consists of, a spunbond nonwoven comprising, preferably consisting of, polylactic acid abbreviated herein with “PLA”.

The PLA offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional nonwoven materials. The term “spunbond” refers to the nonwoven fabric manufacturing process that involves extruding synthetic fibers, typically polypropylene, polyethylene, or in this embodiment, polylactic acid (PLA), into a continuous web. The process begins with the melting of polylactic acid granules, which are then extruded through spinnerets (small holes) to form continuous filaments. These filaments are then stretched and cooled to create a cohesive web of fibers.

Preferably, the topsheet has a basis weight of between 5 and 30 gsm, preferably between 10 and 25 gsm, more preferably between 15 and 20 gsm, most preferably of about 18 gsm. In this manner, a desired strength in a rather lightweight design is achieved. Additionally, the gsm in the defined range may facilitate compositing of the topsheet, in particular for a basis weight of lower than 30 gsm.

Preferably, the topsheet is hydrophilic. Hydrophilic materials quickly pull moisture away from the baby's skin (or another type of wearer, such as an incontinent adult), reducing the likelihood of wetness and discomfort. This is particularly important in keeping the baby dry and comfortable.

Preferred, further features of the core wrap sheets (TCW, BCW), either or both top core wrap sheet and bottom core wrap sheet shall now be explained more.

Preferably, the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and/or the back core wrap sheet (BCW) are nonwoven sheets (NW1, NW2) made with at least one or more biodegradable materials. In this manner, the compostable character of the article can be improved.

Preferably, the top core wrap sheet (TCW) comprises, preferably consists of, polymer fibers (Pf) and a degrading agent (Da) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions. In this manner, a structurally integer top core wrap sheet (TCW) can be achieved which holds functionality as desired before being disposed and exposed to compost conditions. Preferably, the polymer fibers (Pf) within the top core wrap sheet (TCW) are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof. More preferably, the polymer fibers (Pf) of the top core wrap sheet (TCW) are PP fibers.

The abbreviations “PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET” are known abbreviations within the field of fibers for nonwovens. The top core wrap sheet (TCW) can for example be a spunbond nonwoven sheet made using a bi-component fiber, e.g. PET/PP, PET/PE, PET/PA, and PET/coPET fibers.

Preferably, the top core wrap sheet (TCW) has a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably of about 12 gsm.

In this manner, a desired lightweight design is attained that not only retains the requisite strength for securely holding the absorbent material but also maintains the desired compostable characteristics.

Preferably, the top core wrap sheet (TCW) is hydrophilic. In this manner, more comfort is created to due an improved sense of dryness as a result of a rapid liquid intake.

Preferably, the top core wrap sheet (TCW) comprises, preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer. In this manner, desired compostable characteristics can be achieved. Preferably, the biodegradable polymer in the top core wrap sheet (TCW) is PLA. Preferably, in particular in case the top core wrap sheet (TCW) comprises PLA, the top core wrap sheet has a basis weight of between 6 and 30 gsm, preferably between, 10 and 26 gsm, more preferably between 14 and 22 gsm, most preferably of about 18 gsm. In this manner, a desired balance between structural integrity and the compostable character is ensured.

Preferably, the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) comprises, preferably consists of, polymer fibers (Pf) and a degrading agent (Da) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions.

Preferably, the polymer fibers within bottom core wrap sheet are selected from at least one of PP,

PET, PE, PET-coPET. or a combination thereof. More preferably, the polymer fibers within the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) are PP fibers.

Preferably, the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) has a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably of about 12 gsm. In this manner, a desired balance between structural integrity and the compostable character is ensured.

Preferably, the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) 1s hydrophilic. In this manner, improved core absorption and retention can be achieved.

Preferably, the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) comprises, preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer. Preferably, the biodegradable polymer is PLA. In this manner, a desired compostable core can be provided. Preferably, in particular in case the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) comprises

PLA, the bottom core wrap sheet has a basis weight of between 10 and 35 gsm, preferably between, 14 and 30 gsm, more preferably between 18 and 26 gsm, most preferably of about 22 gsm. In this manner, a desired balance between structural integrity and the compostable character is ensured.

Preferably, the bottom core wrap sheet is hydrophilic.

Preferably, the backsheet (BS) has a higher basis weight than the top sheet (TS). In this manner, a desired strength and overall integrity can be provided with a relatively light design.

Elastics can be used for improved fit, comfort, leakage prevention and can be included in any suitable manner within the absorbent article.

Preferably, the article further comprises one or more elastics (E) made with a combination of an elastic polymer (Cle) and a degrading agent (C2e) configured to facilitate degradation of the elastic polymer (Cle) upon exposure to composting conditions.

By including the elastics (E) as described, the article can be made more suitable for compost.

Preferably, a film (F) arranged directly adjacent one or more of the top sheet, the back sheet, the top core wrap sheet, the bottom core wrap sheet, wherein the film is made with a combination of a thermoplastic polymer (C1f) and a degrading agent (C2f) that configured to facilitate degradation of the thermoplastic polymer (C11) upon exposure to composting conditions.

The film can be used for additional functionalities within the absorbent article, depending on the type of thermoplastic polymer. The film may be configured for improved liquid distribution and/or improved integral structural stability.

The article can have side panels.

More in particular, the article may further comprise side panels (SP), wherein each side panel is provided with a tape zone (TZ), such as a zone with a tape strip, wherein the tape zone comprises, preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer. In this manner, a more eco-friendly article can be provided. Namely. the biodegradable polymer of the tape zone can help to break down the tape zone such that overall composting of the article is improved. Preferably, the biodegradable polymer within the tape zone is PLA.

More preferably, the side panels (SP) comprise, preferably consist of, a biodegradable polymer. In this manner, a more eco-friendly article can be provided. Preferably, the biodegradable polymer within the side panels is PLA.

In an embodiment, the tape zone (TZ) comprises hook elements, preferably L-bond hook element.

The hook elements in the tape zone help to provide a secure and reliable fastening mechanism for the diaper.

In an embodiment, the tape zone (TZ) is laminated on the respective side panel. Laminating the tape zone onto the side panel increases its strength and durability.

Preferably, the tape zone is extruded from the respective side panel. In this way, a more integral article design can be achieved which delivers a desired structural integrity.

Preferably, the absorbent article comprises a frontal tape element (FTE) comprising, preferably consisting of, a biodegradable polymer. The frontal tape element is typically used to help fasten the front part of the diaper to the back, ensuring that the diaper fits snugly around the wearer. By including a biodegradable polymer within the frontal tape element (FTE), a more eco-friendly article can be achieved. Preferably, the biodegradable polymer in the frontal tape element is PLA.

Preferably, the frontal tape element has a basis weight of between 20 and 60 gsm, preferably between 26 and 54 gsm, more preferably between 32 and 48 gsm, most preferably between 38 and 42 gsm. The specified basis weight range ensures that the frontal tape element has sufficient strength to help to securely fasten the article while allowing a good breakdown upon exposure to composting conditions.

Preferably, the tape zone is configured to engage with the frontal tape element. In this manner, it is ensured that the tape zone and the frontal tape element are designed to work together to provide a secure fastening mechanism.

The article preferably further includes a pair of barrier cuffs (BC).

The pair of barrier cuffs comprise, preferably consist of, a nonwoven sheet which combines polymer fibers (C1b) and a degrading agent (C2b) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers (C1b) upon exposure to composting conditions.

The polymer fibers within the barrier cuffs are preferably selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE,

PET-coPET, or a combination thereof. More preferably, the polymer fibers within the pair of barrier cuffs are PP fibers. In this manger, the barrier cuffs (also referred to as "leg cuffs” or "leak guards”) are both strong and compostable while having a desired performance in helping to contain moisture and preventing leaks. The degrading agent (C2b) can be chosen from the components as explained earlier herein, in particular the degrading agent (C2b) within the barrier cuffs is chosen from a starch-based compound, an enzyme, a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs), an oxidative degradation agent, a UV initiator or combinations thereof.

Preferably, the barrier cuffs each have a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, more preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, even more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably of about 12 gsm. In this manner, it ís ensured that the barrier cuffs can be broken down upon compost condition exposure while ensuring that barrier cuffs are effective in moisture containment.

Preferably, each of the barrier cuffs is hydrophobic. In this manner, leak prevention is improved.

In an embodiment, the article further comprises pair of barrier cuffs (BC) comprising, preferably consisting of a biodegradable polymer, preferably PLA. Preferably, in case the barrier cuffs comprise PLA, the barrier cuffs each have a basis weight of between 12 and 36 gsm, preferably between 16 and 32 gsm, more preferably between 20 and 28 gsm, most preferably of about 24 gsm.

Also in this embodiment, it is preferred that each of the barrier cuffs are hydrophobic for improved leakage prevention.

In case the article has a pair of barrier cuffs (BC), it is preferred that each of the barrier cuffs comprises, preferably consists of, a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond, SMS, nonwoven. It was found that an SMS nonwoven material presents desired compostable characteristics while sufficiently maintaining its integrity in both dry and wet conditions.

Preferably, the article further comprises an acquisition-distribution layer, abbreviated herein as

ADL. The acquisition-distribution Layer (ADL) serves to improve fluid distribution, in particular for spreading and distributing liquid throughout and/or across the core.

Preferably, the ADL layer is a biodegradable nonwoven. By designing the ADL from a biodegradable nonwoven, a better breakdown of article components is ensured upon exposure to compost conditions. Preferably, the biodegradable nonwoven ADL is a through-air-bonded nonwoven. Through-air bonding creates a nonwoven fabric with excellent uniformity. This uniformity ensures consistent performance of the ADL properties.

In an embodiment, the ADL comprises, preferably consists of, polymer fibers (Pf) and a degrading agent (Da) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions. Preferably, the polymer fibers (Pf) within the ADL layer are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof. More preferably, the polymer fibers are bicomponent PET/coPET fibers. In this manner, excellent ADL performance can be achieved while the layer is easy to break down which facilitates the composting of the article. Preferably, the ADL (made with polymer fibers and degrading agent) has a basis weight of between 25 and 75 gsm,

preferably between 35 and 65 gsm, more preferably between 45 and 55 gsm, most preferably of about 50 gsm. The ADL helps in maintaining a dry and comfortable experience for the wearer by keeping moisture away from the skin. The defined gsm range additionally ensures a good ADL performance while allowing an easy breakdown upon exposure to compost conditions.

In an embodiment, the ADL comprises, preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer, preferably

PLA. Preferably, the ADL (made with PLA) has a basis weight of between 20 and 70 gsm, preferably between 30 and 60 gsm, more preferably between 40 and 50 gsm, most preferably of about 45 gsm.

Achieving an article that on the one hand easily breaks down benefiting the composting while on the other hand is structurally stable may be challenging.

Thereto, a further aspect provides an absorbent article (AA) comprising a liquid pervious topsheet (TS), a liquid impervious backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C) comprising absorbent material {AM) and preferably at least one channel area.

The article further comprises a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and a bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) wherein the absorbent material (AM) is positioned between said top core wrap sheet and said bottom core wrap sheet.

According to this aspect, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwovens of a first type (T1) and the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and/or the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) are nonwovens of a second type (T2).

A nonwoven of the first type (T1) is defined as a nonwoven comprising, preferably consisting of, biobased fibers.

A nonwoven of the second type (TZ) is defined as a nonwoven comprising a first component (T2,

Cl) comprising, preferably consisting of thermoplastic polymer fibers (C1), and a second component (T2, C2) being a degrading agent (C2) that is configured to facilitate degradation of the first component (C1).

A carefully chosen combination of first and second type nonwovens (T1, T2) for the specified article components was discovered to strike an optimal equilibrium between compostability and structural integrity. In doing so, an article with improved structural integrity is defined which prolongs the desired performance before the article is exposed to compost conditions for disposal via breakdown of the components.

Indeed. combining both the first and second type for the defined components within the article allow for an article with an absorbent capacity by aid of the absorbent material which reliably stays in a desired position due to the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW).

Either one of these wraps sheets, preferably both, are second type nonwovens (T2) including the a combination of the first (T2, C1) and second component (T2, C2). Additionally, the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwovens of the first type (T1) which allow for an easy breakdown during the composting process as the first type nonwovens are made with biobased fibers which degrade more easily upon exposure to compost conditions.

A “nonwoven of the first type” or “first type nonwoven” are used interchangeably herein.

A “nonwoven of the second type” or “second type nonwoven” are used interchangeably herein.

Preferably, the biobased fibers (within the first type nonwoven), are selected from any one of bamboo, viscose, cellulose, PLA fibers, and combinations thereof.

The first type nonwovens, i.e. at least the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS), are preferably made from thermoplastic polymer fibers are selected from any one of PP, PET, PE, fibers PET- coPET, or a combination thereof.

Preferably, the absorbent core comprises at least one channel area, preferably an elongated channel area configured to facilitate liquid distribution through and/or across the core for an improved liquid uptake.

According to an embodiment, the article further comprises a acquisition-distribution layer, ADL, and/or a pair of barrier cuffs, wherein the ADL and/or the pair of barrier cuffs comprise, preferably consist of, a nonwoven of the second type.

As said, the second type nonwoven includes a degrading agent (Da), as the second component, that is preferably selected from any one of an enzyme, an oxidant, a UV-activator or a combination thereof. The degrading agent helps to degrade the second type nonwoven while the first component. comprising, preferably consisting of the thermoplastic polymer fibers allow for a desired structural stability and allow for an easy manufacturing of the nonwoven.

Preferably, the absorbent material is selected from any one of fluff, super absorbent polymer, SAP, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the fluff comprises, preferably consists of, bamboo pulp. In this case, sustainability can be improved over traditional fluff pulp. Namely, bamboo is considered a highly sustainable resource. It is a fast-growing plant that can be harvested in 3-5 years, whereas trees used for fluff pulp can take decades to mature. Additionally, bamboo typically requires less water for growth compared to many tree species used for traditional fluff pulp production, making it a more water-efficient option.

Preferably, and generally desired herein, the SAP is a biodegradable SAP. Biodegradable

Superabsorbent Polymers (Bio-SAP) are polymer materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of water or other aqueous solutions while being capable of breaking down or decomposing into environmentally benign substances over time. Traditional SAPs, which are commonly used in various absorbent products like diapers, sanitary pads, and adult incontinence products, are often made from synthetic polymers may not be biodegradable, posing potential environmental concerns.

Biodegradable SAPs are designed to address these environmental concerns by offering the same absorbent properties as traditional SAPs while being more eco-friendly. The Biodegradable SAPs can be made from various natural or biodegradable materials, such as starch-based polymers, cellulose-based polymers, or other biodegradable polymers.

According to an embodiment, the SAP is starch based and/or the SAP is a polyacrylic acid graft copolymer sodium salt. More so, the absorbent material may include one type of biodegradable

SAP or may comprise several different types of biodegradable SAP. The biodegradable SAP may be mixed with fluff, preferably bamboo fiber fluff.

Preferably, and generally desired herein for all aspects, the SAP has a pH value of between 5,5 and 7,3, preferably between 5,8 and 7,0, more preferably between 6,1 and 6,7, most preferably of about 6,4. In this manner, a desired SAP performance can be achieved in view of absorbance, stability, wettability and attraction of water, compatibility with other article components, skin sensitive and biodegradability. The pH range as defined allows for a desired breakdown of the polymer when needed, i.e. upon exposure to composting conditions after disposal of the diaper.

Preferably, and generally desired herein for all aspects, the SAP has a bulk density of between 0,60 and 0,90 g/ml, preferably between 0,65 and 0,85 g/ml, more preferably between 0,70 and 0,80 g/ml. most preferably of about 0,75 g/ml. The bulk density refers to the mass of SAP per unit volume, the defined range of bulk density allows for desired performance in view of absorbency, fluid distribution, permeability, and product volume and packaging in view of handling and transportation.

Preferably, and generally desired herein for all aspects, the biodegradable SAP comprises polyglutamic acid.

It was found that several insights of the present invention can be used for applications that are not limited to diapers only. The more eco-friendly characteristic of the findings herein are equally applicable for sanitary napkins, absorbent pads, panty liners, pants, feminine hygiene products, incontinence articles, and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are used to illustrate presently preferred non-limiting exemplary embodiments of devices of the present invention. The above and other advantages of the features and objects of the invention will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure | shows a perspective view of ao excroplary orobodinent of a diaper.

Figure 2 illustrates a top plan view of the diaper of figure 1 in a laid flat condition.

Figures 3A - 3B illustrates possible core arrangements as seen along the along line A-A in figure 2.

Figure 4 illustrates absorbent core configurations with several possible channel area configurations as seen from a top view.

Figures SA-SE illustrates several absorbent cores with possible channel area configurations as seen from a cross sectional view.

In the detailed description, elements identified with the same reference numerals are intended to denote components that are substantially the same in structure, function, or purpose. The use of identical reference numerals signifies that these components exhibit similarities in design and operation and are associated with comparable technical benefits within the scope of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Diapers are designed to provide a convenient and effective way to manage a baby's or an incontinent person's bodily discharges. Diapers comprise components that work together to ensure comfort, absorption, and containment. It has now been found that by making diaper components from biodegradable materials that a compostable diaper can be achieved.

Being “compostable” can be understood as that the article breaks down over time, more in particular that the article breaks down within a reasonable timeframe, preferably within 3 months to a year, when exposed to composting conditions, in particular conditions of a compost pile that include at least exposure to one or more of the following: exposure to a raised temperature (i.e. a temperature above 40 °C, in particular between 40 — 80 °C, more in particular 54 — 75 °C), a prolonged exposure to moisture, exposure to anaerobic or aerobic environments.

Figure 1 shows an example an absorbent article (AA), in the form of a diaper, with a liquid pervious topsheet (TS), a liquid impervious backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C). The core has absorbent material (AM) and two channel areas (CA). Any of these components may have the features, in particular comprise, preferably consist of the biodegradable materials, as described earlier herein, to allow for easy breakdown to facilitate composting of the article.

Top sheet

The top sheet (TS) is typically the outermost layer of the diaper, intended to be in contact with the baby's or wearer's skin. It 1s typically made of a soft, nonwoven fabric designed to wick moisture away from the skin, keeping it dry and preventing irritation.

The top sheet (TS) as shown in the figures can have the features as described earlier in the summary section, in particular to allow for easy breakdown to facilitate composting of the article.

Back sheet

The back sheet (BS) is typically the outermost layer on the backside of the diaper. The back sheet is often made waterproof or moisture-resistant to prevent leaks and keep the moisture contained within the diaper.

The back sheet (BS) as shown in the figures can have the features as described earlier in the summary section, in particular to allow for easy breakdown to facilitate composting of the article.

Absorbent core and absorbent material

The absorbent core (C) includes absorbent material (AM) (not shown in fig. 1, shown in figures 3A, 3B). The absorbent core (C) of a diaper is typically the area where the majority of moisture is captured and held. The core comprises absorbent materials like fluff pulp and SAP to absorb and hold onto liquids. SAP, in particular, has the ability to absorb many times its weight in liquid, making it a crucial component for diaper effectiveness. To improve liquid distribution through the core, it 1s desired that one or more channels are incorporated to facilitate liquid distribution.

The absorbent core (C) and absorbent material (AM) components as shown in the figures may have any of the features as described earlier herein. The absorbent core (C) may have one or more wrap sheets, e.g. a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) (as better seen figures 3 and 5). It is also possible that only one core wrap sheet (CW) is used (not illustrated).

The back region (BR) is typically the region of the article intended to be adjacent or near the back of the wearer when worn.

The article further has a front region (FR), which is typically the region adjacent or near the belly of the wearer when worn.

Channel Area

The article further includes one or more channel areas (CA) which may facilitate composting. In a channel area less absorbent material per surface area is present as compared to zones surrounding the one or more channel areas. Preferably, substantially no absorbent material is present in the one or more channel areas.

Possible channel configurations are shown in figure 4. The channel(s) serve the function of distributing and directing the flow of liquid away from the wearers skin, helping to keep dry and comfortable feel. Additionally, the channel(s) may facilitate composting as a result of a larger area exposure to compost factors and conditions.

Figures 1 and 2 further illustrate that the article has side panels (PS), located at the back region (BR). The side panels (PS) may have any of the features, in particular biodegradable materials, as described earlier. Figures 1 and 2 further illustrate that the article may have a pair of barrier cuffs (BC) which preferably has one or more features, in particular biodegradable materials, as described earlier.

Figures 3A - 3B illustrates possible core arrangements as seen along the along line A-A in figure 2. The figures show top sheet (TS), back sheet (BS) and absorbent core (C) wherein absorbent material (AM) is arranged between top and bottom core wrap sheets (TCW, BCW). In figure 3B, an ADL layer is included.

Core wraps

One or more core wraps (TCW, BCW) core wraps are used to keep the absorbent material in a desired position, in particular to keep the absorbent material together. Additionally, the core wraps may facilitate overall manufacturing of the diaper. Generally, the absorbent material is arranged between a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and a back core wrap sheet (BCW) (see figures 3A-3B).

Acquisition and distribution layer or ADL

An ADL layer may be arranged between the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and the top sheet (TS) (see figure 3B) and/or may be arranged on top of the top core wrap sheet (see figure 5B, 5D).

An acquisition and distribution layer, also called an ADL layer, helps to keep the wearer dry. An

ADL layer can be placed within the core (see figures, 3B, 5A, 5C), in particular between the absorbent material (AM) and a top core wrap sheet (TCW). Additionally, or alternatively, an ADL layer can be placed on top of the core (see figures 5B, 5D), in particular between the top core wrap and the top sheet. The ADL layer may have any of the features as described earlier herein.

Elastic materials

Elastic material (E) are usually integrated into the diaper design to provide a snug fit and prevent leaks.

Preferably, one or more elastics (E) that are made as described earlier herein are included in the article. Elastics can be applied via any suitable technique and elastic material (E) can be included at any suitable position within the diaper to provide a snug fit.

Elastic material (E) is preferably included at least around the leg cuffs and the back waist area to ensure that the diaper conforms to the wearer's body shape. Elastic material (E) may be included in the back region and/or front region, in particular elastic material may be included in the side panels (SP). Preferably one or more of: leg elastics, waist elastics, front, back elastic are included wherein each of these may have a combination of an elastic polymer (Cle) and a degrading agent (C2e) as described earlier herein. (Front and/or Back) Ear Panels

As seen in figure 1 and 2, preferably, ear panels, such as front ear panels (FE) can be included to allow for easy and secure fastening, making it possible to adjust the diaper to the appropriate size and ensure a snug fit. The ear panels preferably comprise adhesive tabs and/or hook-type closures.

Fasteners

Figure 1 further illustrates that each side panel SP is provided with a tape zone (TZ). The tape zone preferably has any of the features as described earlier herein. Figure 1 further shows that the tape zone has hook elements (HE). The hook elements (HE) may be configured to engage with a frontal tape element (FT) arranged in the front region. The frontal tape element (FT) may have any of the features as described earlier herein.

Landing zone

Preferably, a landing zone (LZ) is arranged located on the front or side of the diaper which is configured to engage with a corresponding fastener on an opposite ear panel in order to secure the diaper in place. Figure 1 illustrates that a frontal tape element (FT) is arranged on the backsheet which can function as a landing zone for the hook elements (HE).

Figure 2 illustrates a top plan view of the diaper of figure 1 in a laid flat condition, in particular seen from the back sheet’s side. The figure shows the back sheet (BS), side panels (SP) each having a tape zone (TZ) which may engage with the frontal tap (FT). The presence of the core (C), the channel area’s (CA) and the barrier cuffs (BC) are indicated with dashed lines as they are typically not visible from the back sheet’s side. Figure 2 further illustrates that the diaper can have front ears (FE) for improved fitting adjustment.

Notably, figures 3A — 3B illustrate possible core (C) arrangements as seen along the along line A-

A in figure 2. The one or more channel areas can have several shapes, examples thereof are shown in figure 4. Figure 4 illustrates absorbent core (C} configurations with several possible channel area (CA) configurations as seen from a top view. Preferred channel arrangements are shown in 4i and 4j. The top core wrap sheet (TCW) may be attached to the back core wrap sheet (BCW) in the area defined by the channel area (CA) via any suitable attachment technique. Optionally, the ADL layer may be attached as well within the area defined by the channel area (CA) (see figure 5C).

Figures SA-SE illustrates several absorbent cores {C} with possible channel area (CA) configurations as seen from a cross sectional view. Figure SA illustrates that the ADL layer is between the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and the absorbent material (AM). Figure 5B illustrates that the ADL layer is arranged on top of the top core wrap sheet (TCW). Figure 5C illustrate further the presence of two channel area’s (CA). The ADL may be attached within the channel area’s (CA).

Figure SE illustrates that a film (F) is arranged directly adjacent the top sheet (TS) and top core wrap sheet (TCW). The film (F) may however be placed directly adjacent or between any of adjacent one or more of the top sheet, the back sheet, the top core wrap sheet, the bottom core wrap sheet. Preferably, the film has any of the features as described earlier herein.

Further general note

As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings. "A", "an", and "the" as used herein refers to both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, "an edge barrier” refers to one or more than one edge barrier. "About" as used herein referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of +/-20% or less, preferably +/-10% or less, more preferably +/-5% or less, even more preferably +/-1% or variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself also specifically disclosed. "Absorbent article”, "absorbent garment”, "absorbent product”, "absorbing article”, "absorbing garment”, "absorbing product" and the like as used herein are used interchangeably and refer to devices that absorb and contain bodily exudates, and more specifically, refers to devices that are placed against or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various liquids discharged from the body. Absorbent articles include but are not limited to feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants, adult incontinence garments, various diaper and pants holders, liners, towels, absorbent inserts and the like. "Absorbent core” as used herein refers to a three-dimensional part of the absorbent structure, comprising liquid-absorbing material, useful to permanently absorb and/or retain bodily exudates. "Absorbent component” as used herein refers to a structural constituent of an absorbent article, e.g., a piece of an absorbent core, such as one of multiple pieces in a multi-piece absorbent core. "Absorbent element" as used herein refers to a part of a functional constituent of an absorbent structure, e.g., a acquisition layer, a dispersion layer, core layer or a release structure formed of a material or materials having particular liquid handling characteristics suitable for the specific function.” Absorbent fibrous polymer material” as used herein refers to an absorbent polymer material which is in threadlike from such as fibers, filaments, and the like so as to be less flowable in the dry state than particulates. "Absorbent insert” as used herein refers to a device adapted for insertion into an "Absorbent layer” as used herein refers to a term referring to a discrete,

identifiable sheet-like or web-like element of an absorbent article which may remain detached and relatively movable with respect to another such element or may be attached or joined so as to remain permanently associated with another such element.

Each absorbent layer may itself include a laminate or combination of several layers, sheets and/or webs of similar or diverse compositions.

"Absorbent polymer material", "absorbent gelling material”, "AGM", "superabsorbent", "superabsorbent material”, "super absorbent polymer”, "SAP" and the like as used herein are used interchangeably and refer to any suitable particulate (e.g., flaked, particulate, granular, or powdered) or fibrous cross linked polymeric materials that can absorb at least 5 times and preferably at least about 10 times or more its weight of an aqueous 0.9% saline solution as measured using the Centrifuge Retention Capacity test (EDANA 441.2-01).

"Absorbent polymer material area” as used herein refers to the area of the absorbent structure wherein adjacent layers are separated by a multiplicity of absorbent polymer material.

Incidental contact areas between these adjacent layers within the absorbent particulate polymer material area may be intentional (e.g bond area's) or unintentional (e.g. manufacturing artifacts).

"Absorbent particulate polymer material” as used herein refers to an absorbent polymer material which is in particulate form such as powders, granules, flakes and the like so as to be flowable in the dry state. "Absorption" as used herein refers to the process by which a liquid is taken up within a material. "Absorption rate” as used herein refers to the rate of absorption of liquid, i.e. the amount of liquid which is absorbed per unit of time, typically by an absorbent component, element and/or absorbent layer of the absorbent article, structure and/or core.

"Acquisition layer", "acquisition region”, "acquisition surface" or "acquisition material” and the like as used herein refer to the layer overlying the absorbent core having a faster liquid uptake and/or distribution capability. "Absorbency” is the ability of a material to take up fluids by various means including capillary, osmotic, solvent, chemical and/or other action. "Adult incontinence garment” as used herein refers to absorbent articles intended to be worn by incontinent adults, for absorbing and containing bodily exudates. "Adhesion" as used herein refers to the force that holds different materials together at their interface. “Adhesive” as used herein refers to a material, which may or may not be flowable in solution or when heated, that is used to bond materials together. "Adsorption" as used herein refers to the process by which a liquid is taken up by the surface of a material. "Airlaying” as used herein refers to forming a web by dispersing fibers or particles in an air stream and condensing them from the air stream onto a moving screen by means of a pressure and/or vacuum; a web of fibers produced by airlaying is herein referred to an "airlaid"; an airlaid web bonded by one or more techniques to provide fabric integrity is herein referred to an "airlaid nonwoven". "Apparent density”, "density" as used herein refers to the basis weight of the sample divided by the caliper with appropriate unit conversions incorporated therein. Apparent density used herein has the unit g/fem3. "Attach", "attached" and "attachment" as used herein are synonymous with their counterparts of the terms "fasten", "affix", "secure", "bind", "join" and "link". "Baby diaper” as used herein refers to absorbent articles intended to be worn by children, for absorbing and containing bodily exudates which the user draws up between the legs and fastens about the waist of the wearer. "Baby pants” as used herein refers to absorbent articles marketed for use in transitioning children from diapers to underwear intended to cover the lower torso of children, so as to absorb and contain body exudates which article is generally configured like a panty garment and manufactured with a completed waist encircling portion, thereby eliminating the need for the user to fasten the article about the waist of the wearer. "Back region” as used herein refers to the portion of an absorbent article or part thereof that is intended to be positioned proximate the back of a wearer. “Backing” as used herein refers to a web or other material that supports and reinforces the back of a product. "Basis weight" is the weight per unit area of a sample reported in grams per square meter, g/m? or gsm. "Bodily exudates”, "body exudates”, "bodily fluids", "body fluids", "bodily discharges”, "body discharges".

EXAMPLES

Based on the content herein, it is understandable the absorbent article may have several components made with the same or similar materials. The examples shall be used to illustrate certain preferred embodiments and combinations of type of materials for the indicated article components.

Example

To test the biodegradability, laboratory tests can be performed to review biodegradability of several components. Among others, standard test ASTM D6400 and ASTM D6868, as most recently applicable on 10 October 2023 can be used to test the biodegradability, in particular when compared over conventional products. The tests assess how well a material breaks down in conditions, such as industrial composting.

Article Nonwoven | Crafting 12 gsm PP + Degrader

TOP CW (TCW) | 18 gsm PLA

BOTTOM CW 12 gsm PP + Degrader Type 2

BOTTOM CW 22 gsm PLA

ADL 50 gsm PET/coPET Through-

Chassis ADL 45 gsm PLA Through-

CUFF (BC) 12 gsm PP + Degrader Type 2 Spunbond- meltblown- spunbond, (SMS)

CUFF (BC) 24 gsm PLA Spunbond-

EE: spunbond,

Chassis (SMS)

I

FRONTAL TAPE | 40 gsm PLA -

CTD abet

Table 1: Components and tested materials. Preferred components are indicated with * , in particular in case of diaper.

Itis found that the following materials appear desired for the respective components of the diaper.

Generally, the top core wrap sheet (TWC) and/or bottom core wrap sheet (BWC) are preferably made with a thermoplastic polymer, preferably in combination with a degrading agent (also referred to as degrader or degrading enhancer). A preferred thermoplastic polymer is polylactic acid, abbreviated as PLA.

Generally applicable herein, the top sheet and/or bottom sheet (TS, BS) are preferably made with a thermoplastic polymer, preferably in combination with a degrading agent (also referred to as degrader or degrading enhancer). A preferred thermoplastic polymer is PLA. In an embodiment, the top sheet and/or bottom sheet are made from a combination of a polypropylene PP and a degrader.

Generally applicable herein, the ADL layer is preferably made with a bi-component fiber and/or is preferably a nonwoven made a PET/PET bicomponent fiber, optionally in combination with a degrader. In addition or as an alternative, the ADL layer may further be made with PLA.

Example 2

This example shall now be used to explain certain preferred materials for respective components of the absorbent article, preferably a diaper. In particular to support the aspect having the combination of atype 1 and type 2 nonwovens. Namely, by carefully selecting the nonwovens, one can improve durability and strength of the article while maintaining a desired level of composability. and/or cellulose fibers (BPF)

TAPE STRAP (TS, | Biodegradable Polymer and/or natural fibers and/or

I

Type 1 viscose and/or cellulose (BPF)

BACK SHEET Biodegradable Polymer and/or natural fibers and/or [Apis | SedeprdablePobmerct) 0 and/or

Polymer fiber (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

Nonwoven Biodegradable Polymer (C1)

Barrier CUFFS*

Type 2 and/or (BC)

Polymer fiber (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

Biodegradable Polymer (C1’)

TOP CORE WRAP and/or (TCW) *

Polymer fiber (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

Biodegradable Polymer (C1°)

BOTTOM CORE and/or

WRAP (TCW)

Polymer fiber (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

CC ELASTICS (E) Polymer (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

FILM (F) Polymer (C1) + Degrading Agent (C2)

OE TAPE Biodegradable Polymer, preferably PLA.

Table 2: preferred materials for respective components

The skilled person will appreciate on the basis of the above description that the invention can be embodied in different ways and on the basis of different principles. The invention is not limited to the above described embodiments. The above described embodiments and the figures are purely illustrative and serve only to increase understanding of the invention. The invention will not therefore be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is defined in the claims.

Claims

Conclusions

1. An absorbent article (AA) comprising a liquid permeable topsheet (TS), a liquid impermeable backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C) comprising absorbent material (AM) and at least one channel region (CA), the absorbent core being positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet, the topsheet (TS), backsheet (BS) and the absorbent core (C) consisting essentially of one or more materials that degrade in a composting environment.

2. The absorbent article (AA) according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent core comprises a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and a bottom core wrap sheet (BCW), the absorbent material (AM) being positioned between the top core wrap sheet and the bottom core wrap sheet.

The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top sheet (TS) and the back sheet (BS) each comprise biodegradable sheets, preferably biodegradable nonwoven sheets.

The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the top sheet (TS) and/or the back sheet (BS) are nonwoven sheets (NW 1, NW2) comprising, and preferably consisting of, one or more biodegradable materials, preferably bio-based materials.

5. The absorbent article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises material selected from the group: biodegradable polymer fibres, bio-based fibres such as natural fibres (NF), viscose fibres, cellulose fibres, or a combination thereof.

6. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer fibers (BPF) are selected from polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAS), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyethylene (PE) with one or more biodegradable additives, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC).

7. The absorbent article according to any of the preceding two claims, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises one or more natural fibres (NF), and preferably consists of, wherein the natural fibres (NF) are selected from: jute fibres, kenaf fibres, hemp fibres, bamboo fibres, wool fibres, coconut fibres, flax fibres, pineapple leaf fibres, organic cotton fibres or combinations thereof.

8. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises, and preferably consists of, polylactic acid (PLA) and/or polybutylene succinate (PBS) or a mixture of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate (PLA/PBS).

9. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) comprises, and preferably consists of, a polylactic acid (PLA).

10. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) has a basis weight of at least 15 gsm, preferably of at least 17 gsm.

11. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwoven materials made of a mixture of a polyester-based material and a natural fibre.

The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the backsheet (BS) consists of a laminate of a bio-based layer, preferably a non-woven layer, and a polymer-based layer, preferably a film layer.

13. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the bio-based layer comprises, and preferably consists of, bamboo fibres.

The absorbent article according to any of the preceding claims 12-13, wherein the bio-based layer has a basis weight of between 15 and 45 gsm, preferably between 20 and 40 gsm, more preferably between 25 and 35 gsm, most preferably of about 30 gsm.

The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 12-14, wherein the polymer-based layer has a basis weight of between 5 and 30 gsm, preferably between 10 and 25 gsm, more preferably between 15 and 20 gsm, most preferably about 18 gsm.

16. The absorbent article of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the polymer-based layer comprises polymer fibres, preferably polyester fibres, and a degradation agent configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibres upon exposure to composting conditions.

17. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the topsheet (TS) comprises, and preferably consists of, a spunbond nonwoven material comprising, preferably consisting of, PLA.

The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the topsheet (TS) has a basis weight of between 5 and 30 gsm, preferably between 10 and 25 gsm, more preferably between 15 and 20 gsm, most preferably about 18 gsm.

The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the top layer (TS) is hydrophilic.

20. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 19, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and/or the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) are nonwoven sheets (NW1, NW12) made with at least one or more biodegradable materials.

21. The absorbent article of any one of claims 2 to 20, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) comprises, and preferably consists of, polymer fibers and a degradation agent configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions.

22. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof.

23. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are PP fibres.

24. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2-23, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) has a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably about 12 gsm.

25. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 2 to 24, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) is hydrophilic.

26. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 20, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) comprises, and preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer.

27. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

28. The absorbent article of any one of claims 26 to 27, wherein the top core wrap sheet has a basis weight of between 6 and 30 gsm, preferably between 10 and 26 gsm, more preferably between 14 and 22 gsm, most preferably about 18 gsm.

29. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) is hydrophilic.

30. The absorbent article of any one of claims 2 to 29, wherein the sub-core wrap sheet (BCW) comprises, and preferably consists of, polymeric fibers and a degradation agent configured to facilitate degradation of the polymeric fibers upon exposure to composting conditions.

31. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof.

32. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are PP fibres.

The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2-32, wherein the under-core wrap sheet (BCW) has a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably about 12 gsm.

34. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2-33, wherein the sub-core wrap sheet (BCW) is hydrophilic.

35. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 29, wherein the sub-core wrap sheet (BCW) comprises, and preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer.

36. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

The absorbent article of any one of claims 35 to 36, wherein the under-core wrap sheet (BCW) has a basis weight of between 10 and 35 gsm, preferably between 14 and 30 gsm, more preferably between 18 and 26 gsm, most preferably about 22 gsm.

38. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 36 to 37, wherein the sub-core wrap sheet (BCW) is hydrophilic.

39. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the backsheet (BS) has a higher basis weight than the topsheet (TS).

40. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, further comprising one or more elastics (E) made with a combination of an elastic polymer (C1.) and a degradation agent (C2.) configured to facilitate degradation of the elastic polymer (C1.) upon exposure to composting conditions.

41. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, further comprising a film (F) disposed directly adjacent to one or more of the topsheet, the backsheet, the top core wrap sheet, the bottom core wrap sheet, the film being made with a combination of a thermoplastic polymer (C1) and a degradation agent (C2) configured to facilitate degradation of the thermoplastic polymer (C1) upon exposure to composting conditions.

42. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising side panels (SP), each side panel being provided with a tape zone (TZ), the tape zone comprising, and preferably consisting of, a biodegradable polymer.

43. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

44. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 42 to 43, wherein the side panels comprise, and preferably consist of, a biodegradable polymer.

45. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

46. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 42 to 45, wherein the tape zone comprises hook elements (HE), preferably L-bond hook elements.

47. The absorbent article of any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the tape zone is laminated to the respective side panel.

48. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the tape zone (TZ) is extruded from the respective side panel (SP).

49. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent article comprises a frontal tape element (FT) comprising, and preferably consisting of, a biodegradable polymer.

50. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

51. The absorbent article according to any one of claims 49-50, wherein the frontal tape element has a basis weight of between 20 and 60 gsm, preferably between 26 and 54 gsm, more preferably between 32 and 48 gsm, most preferably between 38 and 42 gsm.

52. The absorbent article of any one of claims 42 to 51, wherein the tape zone is configured to engage the frontal tape element.

53. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, further comprising a pair of barrier elements (BC) comprising, preferably consisting of, a nonwoven sheet comprising a combination of polymer fibers (Clt) and a degradation agent (C2) configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers (Cl,) upon exposure to composting conditions.

54. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof.

55. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are PP fibres.

56. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 53-55, wherein the barrier elements each have a basis weight of between 5 and 25 gsm, preferably between 8 and 20 gsm, more preferably between 10 and 16 gsm, most preferably about 12 gsm.

57. The absorbent article of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein each of the barrier elements is hydrophobic.

58. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 1-52, further comprising a pair of barrier elements (BC) comprising, preferably consisting of, a biodegradable polymer.

59. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

60. The absorbent article of any one of claims 58-59, wherein the barrier elements each have a basis weight of between 12 and 36 gsm, preferably between 16 and 32 gsm, more preferably between 20 and 28 gsm, most preferably about 24 gsm.

61. The absorbent article of any one of claims 58 to 60, wherein each of the barrier elements is hydrophobic.

62. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims 53 to 61, wherein each of the barrier elements comprises, and preferably consists of, a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond, SMS, nonwoven material.

63. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, further comprising an acquisition distribution layer, ADL, wherein the ADL is a biodegradable nonwoven material.

64. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable nonwoven material is an air-bonded nonwoven material.

65. The absorbent article of any one of claims 63-64, wherein the ADL comprises, preferably consists of, polymer fibers and a degrading agent configured to facilitate degradation of the polymer fibers upon exposure to composting conditions.

66. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are selected from at least one of PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof.

67. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the polymer fibres are bicomponent PET/coPET fibres.

68. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims 64-67, wherein the ADL has a basis weight of between 25 and 75 gsm, preferably between 35 and 65 gsm, more preferably between 45 and 55 gsm, most preferably about 50 gsm.

69. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 63-64, wherein the ADL comprises, and preferably consists of, a biodegradable polymer.

70. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

71. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 69-70, wherein the ADL has a basis weight of between 20 and 70 gsm, preferably between 30 and 60 gsm, more preferably between 40 and 50 gsm, most preferably of about 45 gsm.

72. An absorbent article (AA) comprising a liquid permeable topsheet (TS), a liquid impermeable backsheet (BS) and an absorbent core (C) comprising absorbent material (AM), a top core wrap sheet (TCW) and a bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) wherein the absorbent material (AM) is positioned between the top core wrap sheet and the bottom core wrap sheet, wherein the topsheet (TS) and/or the backsheet (BS) are nonwoven materials of a first type; and wherein the top core wrap sheet (TCW) and/or the bottom core wrap sheet (BCW) are nonwoven materials of a second type; wherein a nonwoven material of the first type is defined as a nonwoven material comprising, preferably consisting of, bio-based fibres; and wherein a nonwoven material of the second type is defined as a nonwoven material comprising a first component (C1) comprising, preferably consisting of, thermoplastic polymer fibers (C1) and a second component (C2) which is a degradation agent (C2) configured to facilitate degradation of the first component (C1).

73. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the bio-based fibers are selected from bamboo, viscose, cellulose, PLA and combinations thereof.

74. The absorbent article of claim 72 or claim 73, wherein the thermoplastic polymer fibers are selected from PP, PET, PE, PET-coPET, or a combination thereof.

75. The absorbent article of any one of claims 72 to 74, wherein the absorbent core comprises at least one channel region (CA).

76. The absorbent article of any one of claims 72 to 75, further comprising an acquisition distribution layer, ADL, and/or a pair of barrier elements (BC), wherein the ADL and/or the pair of barrier elements comprise, and preferably consist of, a nonwoven material of the second type.

77. The absorbent article of any one of claims 72 to 76, wherein the degradation agent is selected from an enzyme, an oxidizing agent, a UV activator, or a combination thereof.

78. The absorbent article of any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material is selected from fluff, superabsorbent polymer, SAP, or a combination thereof.

79. The absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the fluff comprises, and preferably consists of, bamboo pulp.

80. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 78 to 79, wherein the SAP is a biodegradable SAP.

81. The absorbent article of any one of claims 78-80, wherein the SAP is starch-based.

82. The absorbent article of any one of claims 78 to 81, wherein the SAP is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid graft copolymer.

83. The absorbent article of any one of claims 78 to 82, wherein the SAP has a pH of between 5.5 and 7.3, preferably between 5.8 and 7.0, more preferably between 6.1 and 6.7, most preferably about 6.4.

84. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims 78-83, wherein the SAP has a bulk density of between 0.60 and 0.90 g/ml, preferably between 0.65 and 0.85 g/ml, more preferably between 0.70 and 0.80 g/ml, most preferably of about 0.75 g/ml.

85. The absorbent article according to claims 80 to 84, wherein the biodegradable SAP comprises polyglutamic acid.