NL2035686A - A remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors - Google Patents
A remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors Download PDFInfo
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- NL2035686A NL2035686A NL2035686A NL2035686A NL2035686A NL 2035686 A NL2035686 A NL 2035686A NL 2035686 A NL2035686 A NL 2035686A NL 2035686 A NL2035686 A NL 2035686A NL 2035686 A NL2035686 A NL 2035686A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
- G01R35/007—Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden references"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
- G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
- G01S19/256—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS relating to timing, e.g. time of week, code phase, timing offset
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
This invention discloses a remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors, utilizing satellite co-visibility for remote self-calibration design. Satellite signals are used as the basis for frequency calibration, in conjunction with a standard voltage source 5 signal for voltage calibration and the use of a microcontroller to calibrate measurements against the power supply voltage. The technical difference between the satellite signal frequency and the voltage signal frequency is employed to determine the voltage difference between the sensor-measured voltage and the true voltage value. This voltage difference is then utilized as a calibration parameter to provide compensation and 10 calibration for the sensor.
Description
A remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors
The invention relates to the technical field of remote self-calibration, particularly relates to a remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors.
The frequency calibration issue of voltage sensors is an important aspect to consider in practical applications. Frequency calibration refers to ensuring the accuracy and stability of a sensor's frequency measurement, ensuring its reliability in signal processing and data acquisition. In voltage sensors, frequency calibration issues may involve frequency response characteristics, frequency drift, interference resistance, and dynamic response.
Voltage sensors are devices used to measure voltage signals, and common types include resistive divider, capacitive divider, and inductive divider sensors. These sensors exhibit certain errors in their response characteristics at different frequencies, primarily due to the following principles:
Frequency response error principle of resistive divider sensors: As shown in Figure 1, resistive divider sensors use the principle of resistive division for voltage measurement. At lower frequencies, the resistance value of the resistive element in the resistive divider sensor changes minimally, resulting in a smaller frequency response error. However, at higher frequencies, the resistive element is affected by factors such as inductance and capacitance, causing changes in its equivalent resistance value and thus introducing frequency response errors. The output voltage (Vout) of the resistive divider sensor is proportional to the input voltage (Vin). This relationship is represented by Ohm's law:
Vout = Vref x —M — (Rr + Ry)
As shown in Figure 2, the drawback of this circuit is that the amplifier currently amplifies the entire voltage developed by the sensor. However, it would be preferable to amplify only the voltage change caused by the variation in sensor resistance. This is achieved by implementing the second method of a resistive bridge. In this case, the output voltage formula is:
Vour = A X _ Ru XV, 5 i Ru + Re Vi+ka+9) 1
Principle of Frequency Response Error in Capacitive Divider Type Sensors, as shown in Figure 3:
Capacitive divider type sensors utilize the principle of capacitive voltage division for voltage measurement. At low frequencies, the capacitive element of the sensor can be regarded as an ideal capacitor, and its impedance is not sensitive to frequency changes, resulting in a smaller frequency response error. However, at high frequencies, the equivalent series resistance and equivalent parallel inductance of the capacitive element can lead to changes in impedance, causing frequency response errors.
There exists a proportional relationship between the output voltage Vout and the input voltage Vin of the capacitive divider type sensor. This relationship is expressed by
Ohm's law:
Vout = Vin x (C2 /(C1 + C2)
Generally speaking, the frequency response error of a voltage sensor is primarily caused by the inherent characteristics of the sensor's components, including variations in the equivalent resistances and capacitances of the resistor and capacitor elements.
Therefore, when selecting and using a voltage sensor, it's important to take into account the sensor's frequency response error based on the actual frequency range of the application. This is crucial to ensure the accuracy of measurement results.
The frequency response error can be represented by the following formula: bp - EE js
Wherein, E(f) represents the frequency response error at a specific frequency f, f_out represents the voltage signal output by the sensor at the frequency f, and f_stander represents the standard voltage signal at the frequency f.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a remote self-calibration device for voltage sensors, aiming to enhance the measurement accuracy and reliability of the sensors. This self-calibration system employs satellite co-visibility technology, which involves observing multiple targets simultaneously and utilizing their image information from different angles to infer the calibration status of the sensor. By analyzing and comparing signal data from multiple perspectives, the system can determine the sensor's error model and automatically calibrate its measurement results. This remote self- calibration system can continuously monitor the calibration status of the sensor in real- time and make automatic adjustments when necessary, thus maintaining the accuracy and stability of the sensor.
This invention provides a remote self-calibration device for a voltage sensor comprises sequentially connected sensitive components, conditioning circuitry, modulation circuitry, and a microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected to the sensitive components to provide a stable power voltage to the sensitive components, which are used to collect measurement voltage signals. The conditioning circuitry and modulation circuitry are used to analogically condition and digitally modulate the collected measurement voltage signals to obtain voltage pulse signals, which are then fed to the microcontroller as voltage reference frequencies; the device further includes a satellite receiving module, where the output of the modulation circuitry is connected to the input of the satellite receiving module. The output of the satellite receiving module is connected to the input of the microcontroller. The satellite receiving module is used to receive the voltage reference frequencies fed by the modulation circuitry, along with satellite signals. It uses the voltage reference frequencies as a reference voltage to convert satellite signals into satellite pulse signals, which are then fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller calculates voltage errors based on the voltage reference frequencies, satellite pulse signals, and sensor voltage pulse signals. It determines the compensation circuit's output voltage according to the voltage errors; the microcontroller's output is connected to the compensation circuit's input to feed the compensation circuit's output voltage to the compensation circuit itself. The compensation circuit's output is connected to the conditioning circuitry's input, allowing the conditioning circuitry to calibrate the measurement voltage signals collected by the sensitive components based on the compensation circuit's output voltage.
Furthermore, the microcontroller uses the current sensor measured voltage as a parameter and communicates with the laboratory end to request a standard voltage source. Similarly, when the output voltage of the standard voltage source undergoes the same satellite co-viewing time-frequency conversion process at the sensor end, it obtains standard voltage frequency signals, standard voltage pulse signals, and satellite pulse signals. After the laboratory computer calculates the time difference between the standard voltage frequency signals, standard voltage pulse signals, and satellite pulse signals, the time difference signal is transmitted back to the microcontroller through the network. The microcontroller determines the compensation circuit's output voltage based on the time difference signal.
Furthermore, using the microcontroller as the calibration end and the experimental end as the calibration reference end. The clock times of the calibration reference end and the calibration end are and , respectively. The GPS time is . The time differences between the atomic clock seconds pulse of the calibration reference end and GPS seconds pulse, and that of the calibration end and GPS seconds pulse, are Atggps and Atagps , respectively. The relationship is as follows:
Atggps=tg — taps (1)
Atagps=ta — tops (2)
Atagps — Atpgps=ty — tg=At4g8 (3)
After multiple measurements, the obtained value for At,g; is determined. The average relative frequency deviation of the two satellite signals over a certain period of time can be calculated as follows:
Ja Je _ AF _ Maritz Atari (4) f f T
Where f, and fg are the clock frequencies of the standard terminal and the calibration terminal respectively, and T is the average time interval; Counting the periods of the sensor voltage pulse n; and the standard voltage pulse square n, in the average time interval d to obtain the sensor voltage output frequency fout1 and the standard terminal voltage output frequency f,, +»; The voltage frequency formula of the voltage sensor is expressed as: 5 Output frequency: four = © Vn) +f
Wherein; four 1s the output frequency of the sensor, in hertz (Hz). Vin is the input voltage of the sensor, in volts (V), ® (:) is the voltage-to-frequency conversion function, indicating that the linear or nonlinear change of unit voltage leads to the change of output frequency, and the unit of conversion coefficient is hertz/volt. fy, is the deviation of output frequency, which indicates the basic frequency of output when the input voltage is zero, and the unit of deviation is Hertz (Hz).
In the nonlinear relationship, ® (:) adopts multinomial fitting method: ® (f) =ag +a; x Vi, +a, Xx Vn? +...+ a, x Vi," (6)
Wherein, 49, aj... is the fitting coefficient;
Calculate the frequency deviation Af, according to formula (4), calculate and set compensation through voltage-frequency formula to realize voltage feedback calibration of voltage sensor:
Ve (f) =arg® (Af — fo) (7)
Furthermore, the experimental end includes a host computer, a counter module, an experimental end satellite signal reception module, a pressure-frequency conversion module, and a standard voltage source. The host computer is connected to the standard voltage source to set the standard voltage. The standard voltage source is connected to the pressure-frequency conversion module to output the standard voltage. The pressure- frequency conversion module is respectively connected to the experimental end satellite signal reception module and the counter module to convert the standard voltage into voltage frequency signals and voltage pulse signals, which are fed to the experimental end satellite signal reception module and the counter module, respectively. The experimental end satellite signal reception module is connected to the counter module to output satellite pulse signals as reference frequency based on the power supply voltage frequency signals to the counter module. The counter module is connected to the host computer to calculate the time difference of the standard voltage source based on the satellite pulse signals and voltage pulse signals and feed it to the host computer. The host computer sends the standard voltage source time difference to the microcontroller via a communication module.
Furthermore, the counter module calculates the time difference of the standard voltage source satellite co-visibility based on the satellite co-visibility time-frequency conversion process and feeds it to the host computer. The host computer sends the standard voltage source satellite co-visibility time difference to the microcontroller via a communication module.
Furthermore, the microcontroller determines the compensation circuit output voltage based on the voltage error, the standard voltage source time difference, and the standard voltage source satellite co-visibility time difference.
Furthermore, the microcontroller comprises microcontroller IO, microcontroller processor, first counter, and second counter. The microcontroller IO is signal-connected to the microcontroller processor, the first counter, and the second counter. The first counter calculates the satellite pulse time signal based on the satellite pulse signal and the sensor voltage frequency and feeds it to the microcontroller processor. The second counter calculates the sensor voltage pulse time signal based on the sensor voltage frequency and voltage pulse signal and outputs it to the microcontroller processor. The microcontroller processor calculates the time difference based on the satellite pulse time signal and the sensor voltage pulse time signal to determine the voltage error.
The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Improved Measurement Accuracy: By utilizing satellite co-visibility technology and analyzing and comparing multi-angle image data, the system can infer the calibration status of the sensor and self-calibrate its measurement results. This eliminates errors and uncertainties, significantly enhancing the measurement accuracy of the sensor. 2. Increased Reliability and Durability: Through redundancy design and the ability to switch to backup sensors, the system can maintain normal operation in the event of sensor failure or damage. This design enhances the reliability and stability of the system, reducing the impact of system failures on practical applications. 3. Adaptation to Complex Environmental Conditions: The system is capable of handling complex environmental conditions, including temperature variations, component aging, and mechanical vibrations. Through frequent calibration and data fusion, the system can mitigate the impact of these factors on measurement results, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the sensor in challenging environments.
In order to explain the specific embodiment of the present invention or the technical scheme in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed in the description of the specific embodiment or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all drawings, like elements or parts are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to actual scale.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a resistance partial pressure sensor according to the prior art.
Fig. 2 shows an amplifier circuit diagram of a resistance divider sensor according to the prior art.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a capacitive partial pressure sensor according to the prior art.
Fig. 4 shows the structural principle block diagram of a voltage sensor remote self- calibration device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a sensor structure diagram of a voltage sensor remote self-calibration device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 shows the structure diagram of a single chip microcomputer in the sensor of a voltage sensor remote self-calibration device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a remote self-calibration processing flow chart of a voltage sensor remote self-calibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the structural diagram of the experimental end of a voltage sensor remote self-calibration device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 shows the remote calibration flow chart of a voltage sensor remote self- calibration device at the experimental end according to the embodiment of the invention.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The invention can also be implemented or applied by other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. In the following, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings and examples. The embodiment of the invention provides a remote self-calibration device for a voltage sensor, which uses a satellite common-view remote self-calibration design, uses a satellite signal as a frequency calibration basis, uses a standard voltage source voltage as a standard voltage signal and uses a singlechip power supply voltage for calibration measurement, uses the technical difference between the satellite signal frequency and the voltage signal frequency to judge the voltage difference between the measured voltage of the sensor and the true voltage, and relies on the voltage difference as a calibration parameter to carry out compensation calibration for the sensor.
As shown in Figure 4, this device mainly consists of voltage sensor components, modulation circuitry, voltage compensation circuitry, satellite signal reception module,
and microcontroller. The self-calibration functionality within the sensor is primarily realized in the modulation circuitry, voltage compensation circuitry, satellite signal reception module, and microcontroller components, including microcontroller power supply, microcontroller processor, microcontroller counter, and communication module.
The entire self-calibration scheme of the sensor relies on the microcontroller outputting the microcontroller power supply voltage, which is then transmitted to the voltage sensor sensing element as the calibration measurement voltage through an operational amplification circuit. After receiving the calibration measurement voltage, the sensor outputs voltage frequency signals and voltage pulse signals through the modulation circuitry, which involve voltage-to-frequency conversion circuitry within the modulation circuit.
The voltage frequency signals and voltage pulse signals output by the modulation circuitry serve as reference voltage frequency and pulse count signals input to the satellite reception module and microcontroller for calculating the sensor calibration time difference.
At the other end of the sensor, using the communication module over the network, the sensor requests a standard voltage source from the laboratory side with the current sensor-measured voltage as a parameter. Similarly, the standard voltage source output undergoes the same satellite co-visibility voltage-to-frequency conversion process at the sensor end to obtain standard voltage frequency signals, standard voltage pulse signals, and satellite pulse signals. After calculating the time difference between the standard voltage and the satellite signal using the laboratory workstation, the time difference signal 1s transmitted back to the sensor end through the network.
After obtaining the time difference for the standard voltage and the time difference for the sensor voltage, the microcontroller calculates the voltage error of the current sensor measurement based on the time difference formula. The sensor utilizes a voltage compensation circuit controlled by the microcontroller to generate and output compensation voltage. The voltage compensation circuit applies this compensation voltage within the sensor's modulation circuitry and calibration circuitry to achieve voltage compensation, ultimately realizing the remote self-calibration process for the voltage sensor.
Working Principle:
Satellite co-visibility-based time-frequency transfer is one of the primary methods for long-distance time-frequency measurement transfer. The fundamental principle of co-visibility involves comparing the time and frequency between atomic clocks located in different places within a satellite's field of view using the time signals received from the same satellite at the same time.
The co-visibility receivers at the calibration and calibrated ends, under the same co- visibility schedule, receive signals from the same satellite at the same moment. They use time interval counters to measure the time difference between the satellite's second pulse and the local atomic clock's second pulse. After each measurement cycle, the data from the calibrated end is transmitted to the calibration end via the Internet. By subtracting the time difference data between the two ends, the time difference between the two atomic clocks can be obtained.
Let t4 represent the time of the calibration end's clock, tg represent the time of the calibrated end's clock, and tgps represent the GPS time. The time differences between the atomic clock second pulse and the GPS second pulse for the calibration end and the calibrated end are Atggps and Atpgps, respectively. The relationships are as follows:
Atpgps=ts — tops (5.1)
Atacps=ts — tops (5.2)
Atacps — Atgcps=t4 — tg=At,p (53)
At,p; can be obtained after many measurements, so that the relative frequency deviation can be averaged over a period of time through two satellite signals fafB _ Af _ AtaBitt Atag (5.4) f f T
Where f, and fg are the clock frequencies of the standard terminal and the calibration terminal respectively, and T is the average time interval.
In some implementation examples, the remote self-calibration device for the voltage sensor can achieve remote self-calibration without the need for experimental terminals, as shown in Figure 5. In this case, the remote self-calibration device for the voltage sensor includes a voltage sensor with sensitive components, conditioning circuits, modulation circuits, and a microcontroller (MCU) that are common to general sensors. It is used to perform analog conditioning and digital modulation on the voltage sensor's measured voltage signal to obtain a voltage pulse signal and the voltage reference frequency required for the microcontroller's counting module.
The internal satellite reception module of the sensor converts satellite signals into satellite pulse signals based on the voltage reference frequency of the modulation circuit after receiving satellite signals, and delivers them to the microcontroller for counting time difference.
Internal voltage calibration of the sensor relies on the comparison between the sensor's voltage pulse and the true value of the standard voltage pulse. After calculating the voltage error in the microcontroller's CPU, the voltage compensation circuit is set to output compensating voltage to the conditioning circuit to achieve voltage calibration.
As shown in Figure 6, the internal microcontroller of the sensor uses microcontroller I/O to receive the counter's reference frequency signal, satellite pulse signal, and sensor voltage pulse signal, which are transmitted through the microcontroller bus to the microcontroller processor. They are used as reference for calculating voltage error in the microcontroller processor. After calculating the voltage error, the output signal is transmitted through the microcontroller bus and I/O to set the compensating voltage for the compensation circuit's output voltage. The internal microcontroller power supply of the sensor is responsible for self-calibration input calibration test voltage to the sensor, and similarly, it is transmitted to the external world through the microcontroller bus and I/O.
As shown in Figure 7, the self-calibration of the sensor begins with the microcontroller outputting its own power supply as the measuring voltage. The sensor's sensitive component receives the microcontroller power supply voltage and transmits it to the conditioning circuit, then to the modulation circuit, ultimately modulating the voltage sensor pulse signal and voltage frequency signal. The sensor's counter receives the voltage frequency signal as the reference frequency, counts the sensor pulse signal and satellite pulse signal separately, calculates the sensor time signal, and sends it to the microcontroller processor for computation. The voltage error of the sensor is calculated in the microcontroller by comparing the sensor satellite time parameters and the standard voltage satellite time parameters. After calculating the voltage error, the signal is set through the output voltage compensation circuit, and it is output to the voltage compensation circuit. After going through the voltage compensation circuit, the compensating voltage is output to the sensor's conditioning circuit for voltage compensation, ultimately achieving voltage sensor self-calibration.
In some implementation examples, the structure of the experimental terminal is shown in Figure 8. At the laboratory end, a host computer serves as the information transmission terminal, responsible for controlling the standard voltage output and receiving the time difference of the satellite co-visible signal from the standard voltage source. The standard voltage source serves as the calibration reference. The voltage-to- frequency conversion module converts the voltage output from the standard voltage source into voltage frequency signals and voltage pulse signals for output. The satellite signal reception module uses the power supply voltage frequency signal as a reference frequency to output satellite pulse signals, serving as the satellite standard reference signal. The counter module calculates the received satellite pulse signals and the voltage source power pulse signals to obtain the standard voltage difference and outputs it to the host computer.
As shown in Figure 9, at the laboratory end, the host computer receives a communication request signal to set the voltage for the voltage source. The standard voltage source outputs standard voltage, which is then converted by the voltage-to- frequency conversion module into standard voltage pulse signals and voltage frequency signals. The voltage source frequency signal is input to the satellite reception module and the counter module as a reference frequency. The counter module processes the received power pulse signals and satellite pulse signals, calculates the counting, and computes the standard voltage source's satellite co-visible time difference, which is then transmitted back to the host computer. This information is then conveyed to the sensor to achieve the remote calibration process.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it.
Ordinary technicians in relevant technical fields can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, so all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the patent protection scope of the invention should be defined by the claims.
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| US9797938B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-10-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Noise modulation for on-chip noise measurement |
| CN104330765B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2017-07-18 | 成都天兴电气有限公司 | Electric energy meter field calibrating installation based on satellite navigation system |
| CN204154886U (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-11 | 成都天兴电气有限公司 | Based on voltage, the electric current precision metering device of satellite navigation system |
| CN105182273A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Calibration system used for verifying assembly line time value |
| CN107300849A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-27 | 国网山东省电力公司青岛供电公司 | The measuring method and on-line monitoring system of a kind of precision clock |
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| US20190072633A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-07 | Fluke Corporation | Calibration system for voltage measurement devices |
| CN113156356A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-23 | 河北大学 | Remote calibration system and calibration method for voltage source |
| CN115792776A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-03-14 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | A remote calibration system and method for an AC voltage source |
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| NL2035686B1 (en) | 2025-06-13 |
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