NL2026185B1 - Method for enhanced formulation of feed production - Google Patents
Method for enhanced formulation of feed production Download PDFInfo
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- NL2026185B1 NL2026185B1 NL2026185A NL2026185A NL2026185B1 NL 2026185 B1 NL2026185 B1 NL 2026185B1 NL 2026185 A NL2026185 A NL 2026185A NL 2026185 A NL2026185 A NL 2026185A NL 2026185 B1 NL2026185 B1 NL 2026185B1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/60—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to nutrition control, e.g. diets
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of a feed formulation using a realtime set of analytical parameters of a variety of feed ingredients and a set of analytical parameter requirements for a feed formulation to calculate the relative amounts of each feed ingredient to yield the feed formulation.
Description
P34557NLOO/RLA Title: Method for enhanced formulation of feed production.
Field of the Invention The present invention pertains to a method of feed formulation based on combining a set of ingredients and a set of cost parameters to produce the feed formulation that meets a desired set of feed specifications, a computerised method for the formulation of a feed and a system for the production of feed comprising a computer, the computer being adapted to output a representation of the desired formulation for the production of the feed formulation and a feed production facility.
Background of the invention Animal feed formulations, typically for farmers, are mixtures of ingredients that are formulated to meet the feed requirements of the animal.
Typically, a feed contains a mixture of base ingredients such as soy-bean, corn etc. and minerals, vitamins, pro — and pre-biotics and other supplements.
The feed should provide adequate nourishment to the animal, thereby providing sufficient proteins, fats, carbohydrates, micronutrients etc. for the animal to optimally grow and provide economic value.
If the feed is not adequate, does not contain all required nutrients in the desired amounts, this can lead to undernutrition of the animal, which is undesirable.
If the feed is too rich, this may be unhealthy for the animal, lead to waste of nutrients, environmental pollution and increased production cost.
So, it is of importance to have optimal feed formulations.
Feed formulations vary per animal species and within animal species there is variation based on age or production stage.
Animal feed formulas are in general based on least cost calculations based on: 1. Analytical value of available individual feed ingredients, 2. Animal requirements, 3. Feed material prices.
It is common practice that feed materials are analyses by wet chemistry methods and/or fast methods like NIRS, XRF or NMR instruments.
Such methods are described for instance in Melcion et al. in Int.
Agrophysics 1997, 11, 237 describes the use of online control to provide real-time measurement of the feed quality as it is manufactured.
Mage et al, Journal of Chemometrics 2007, 21, 440-450 describes methods for optimising production cost and end- product quality when raw material quality is varying.
Givens et al., Nutrition Research Reviews, 1997, 10, 83-114 describe the applicability of near infrared spectroscopy in the prediction of nutritive value of feed and food.
Analysis of the feed ingredients is typically done at moment of shipping or upon arrival at the feed plant.
A sample taking protocol aims to find a good average analytical result representing the whole batch, being a ship, a train wagon or a truck.
Feed materials are then typically unloaded in storage silo bins that most of the time just top up on the earlier batches received. A typical size of a storage bin is 2000 tons. Between batches there may be considerable variation in the analytical values obtained for ingredients. Also over time, there may be considerable variation and a decrease in nutritional value over time is usual, yet undesirable. Even within batches and despite good sampling procedures, variation is found that is difficult to take into account. For instance, batches ( and with possibly a different composition) stored on top of each other in storage silos have a tendency to mix during their stay in the silo. This mixing is typically observed when material exits the silo and the remaining content of the silo processes (usually down) through the sil. This mixing is usually non-linear, so the composition of the non-linear mixed ingredient varies upon exiting the silo and is no longer represented by the analytical parameter obtained upon entry into the silo. The feed industry aims to produce economical feeds that meet the animal requirements for that feed. The feed industry typically uses methods like least cost formulation to provide for formulations that pair economic and nutrient requirements in an optimal way. The common way of feed formulation is based on assuming longer term average analytical values. Being an average once per day, once per week or even once per month. It is known to be an average with quite some deviation around it. For instance batch-by-batch variation, seasonal variation of the composition of the feed materials, moisture losses etc. all lead to considerable variation of analytical parameters for ingredients making the use of average analytical values results in batch by batch product variation. WO2009/135749 describes methods for formulating feed that uses analytical data of the ingredients in combination with a least cost calculation. The method further includes a step of using predicted production costs in addition to ingredient cost in an attempt to further optimise and economise on feed formulations. The problem of ingredient variation is however not addressed. The formulated feed is mixed using a batch mixing system. A mixing run can consist of a series of mixing batches. The amount per mixing batch lies between total maximum mixer capacity and minimum allowed mixing volume that still guarantees right mixing homogeneity.
Summary of the invention The present inventors have found that the problem of variations in composition of ingredients and hence in the analytical parameters of ingredients can be resolved by supplementing the initial calculation of the composition of a base feed formulation based on a combination of a set of average analytical parameters of the various ingredients and a least cost calculation to meet a set of requirements for the feed with an additional step. In this additional step a measurement (preferably inline) of the analytical parameters of each ingredient is made prior or during dosing. Based on these real time analytics a verification calculation can be made to check for a possible offset vs. base formulation. If the offset is unacceptable an instant reformulation can be performed such that the feed in the current mixing run or even per individual mixing batch meets the set of requirements.
Brief description of the figures Fig 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method of the invention. The figure shows that a combination of basic analytical parameters (102) of ingredients (101), cost parameters (103) and feed analytical parameter requirements (104) lead to a calculated base feed formulation (105). Using real-time, on-line analytical parameters of the ingredients than can be captured upon exiting the storage silo or at last possible moment before or even during dosing into the dosing silo, the weighing scales or even the mixer, the calculated base feed formulation is reformulated in the base feed reformulation that provides the feed formulation.
Fig 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method of the invention. After generation of a calculated based feed formulation and formulation of the base feed, real-time analytical parameters of the based feed formulation are compared with the feed analytical parameter requirements to determine the offset and combined with the real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients to provide for a base feed reformulation that provides the feed formulation.
Fig 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method of the invention. Ingredients are stored in storage units and dosed into dosage units. A calculated base feed formulation is generated based on the basic set of analytical parameters of the ingredients, the analytical requirements of the feed and cost parameters. Based thereon the, dosage units are supplied and real-time analytical parameters ingredients are obtained, prior to entry in to the dosage unit, while in the dosage unit, after exiting the dosage unit and/or from the base feed formulation. Comparison with the analytical requirements for feed leads to determination of an offset, recalculation of the base feed formulation and adjustment of the dosing to provide the feed formulation.
Fig 4 is a schematic representation of an embadiment of the invention. Each ingredient is real-time analysed prior to dosing into the dosage units. Together with the analytical requirements for the feed and the cost parameters, a feed formulation is calculated after which the ingredients can be dosed and the feed formulated to yield the feed formulation.
Detailed description of the invention The invention provides a method for formulating a feed formulation comprising the steps of: a) providing two or more ingredients;
b) providing a basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient of step (a); c) optionally providing a set of cost parameters for each ingredient of step (a); d) providing a set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed formulation; e) calculating the relative amounts of each ingredient of step (a) to provide a calculated base feed formulation, based on a combination of e the basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient of step (b) e optionally, least cost calculation using at least the set of cost parameters for each ingredient of step (c); + the analytical parameter requirements for the feed of step (d), f) obtaining a real-time set of analytical parameters for one or more ingredients of step (a); g) determining the off-set between the set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed of step (e) and the real-time set of analytical parameters for one or more ingredients of step (f); h) recalculating the relative amounts of each ingredient of step (e) to obtain recalculated relative amounts of each ingredient of step (e); i) formulating the feed formulation using the recalculated relative amounts of one or more ingredient of step (h) to obtain the feed formulation.
The method of the invention for formulating a feed formulation start with the provision of two or more ingredients. Feeds can be made from large number of ingredients that can be combined to a compound feed. The composition of the compound feed is based on the intended use of the feed. Different ingredients and in different amounts can be used for the same feed or for the same purpose feed depending on (seasonal availability, pricing etc. of the typical ingredients.
Typically, feed formulation are made in mixing runs, each mixing run commonly comprising multiple mixing batches. Between mixing batches it is desired that as little variation occurs as possible. It is therefore desirable to be able to reformulate when necessary on mixing run or even on mixing batch level. The present invention provides for this by the provision of a real- time set of analytical parameter, for instance somewhere between the exit of the storage silo and the entrance of the final mixer.
Typical ingredients used in feed are soy-based such as soy meal, soy hulls, soy beans, or grain-based such as corn, oats, barley, peanuts and products therefrom such as brewers grain. To optimise nutritional value, ingredients can also be selected form minerals, vitamins, antibiotics , fermentation products, trace elements, pre- and probiotics etc. Various sources of protein can be used such a fish meal or insect meal. Fats and oils can be used, plant, fish or animal based.
Typically, different animals require different feeds.
The composition of the feed may also vary per type of animal depending on the season or geography.
The intended economic use of the animal can also provide for differing nutritional requirements.
For instance, feed for egg-laying hens can be different from feed for raising chickens for meat consumption.
High energy feed 5 may be needed for recovering cows after birth etc.
Ingredients can be analysed in terms of protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, mineral and vitamin content, particle size, water, phosphorus and/or nitrogen content, amino acids.
Typically each ingredient is characterised in a set of analytical parameters for an ingredient.
A basic set of analytical parameters is set of parameters that are commonly used for an ingredient.
The basic set of analytical parameters for an ingredient can be based on analysis of the ingredient upon production, prior to transport, delivery to the feed manufacturing plant, after pre-processing steps such as fermentation, prior to entry into the storage and/or can be based on average values (over batches or over time) for the analytical parameters of that ingredient.
The method of the invention further employs a set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed formulation.
The set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed formulation is set of parameters that define the upper and lower levels of analytical parameters for a feed for a specific purpose.
Such set of requirements can be in terms of protein content, specific amino acids profile content, dry matter, fibre, fat or fatty acid profile contents, moisture content etc.
Requirements may also be formulated in terms of palatability, digestibility, CO--
footprint, ingredients that have certain restrictions (like only locally and/or biologically produced etc.
Based on the combination of the basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient and the analytical parameter requirements for the feed, the combination of ingredients and the relative amounts of each ingredient that can provide the base feed formulation can be calculated.
This may involve taking into account at least a set of cost parameters for each ingredient.
In this way the most economic combination of ingredients can be calculated, including their relative amounts based on the available data using, for instance, a least cost calculation.
Least cost calculation is also known as Least Cost Optimisation (LCO) or Least Cost Formulation.
It is a method of determining the least cost combination of ingredients using a set of mathematical equations.
These are commonly available in commercial software solutions.
The set of cost parameters for an ingredient may include the direct cost of the ingredient, but also costs of transport, storage, necessary pre-processing costs such as grinding, fermentation, expected losses etc.
In one embodiment, the set of cost parameters may also include or be substituted by a set of processing cost parameters that occur when the ingredients are processed to come to the desired feed.
Such cost are the cost of storage,
transport, weighing, mixing, heating/cooling, pelletizing, sifting, sorting, packaging wear and tear of factory equipment, cost of labour etc. The calculated base feed formulation is the result of the combination of the set of basic analytical parameters for each ingredient, the set of analytical requirements for the feed formulation and the optional set of cost parameters for each ingredient. The base feed formulation can now be formulated by combining (mixing and/or processing (heating, pelletizing, etc.) the two or more ingredients. A real-time set of analytical parameters of each ingredient is obtained. The real time set if preferably obtained in-line or online, and the output can be directly fed into a computer (program).
Real-time is in the context of the invention means that the set of analytical parameters can be obtained at one or more stages of the process, but preferably as late as possible prior to mixing. Thus, the set of analytical parameters can be obtained directly upon exiting the storage means (storage silos), upon entry, during presence or upon exit in a dosage or mixing silo (if used), upon entry, during presence or upon exit on weighing scales (if used) and at any position in between, up to the point of formulation, the actual mixing of the feed ingredients. Real-time is in the context of the invention, the obtainment of analytical parameters (data) for ingredients or products near the point in time when the ingredients are used (transported from storage silos to dosage silos to processing/formulation).
Real-time data can be seen as data that is collected within a time frame of less than 2 hours , preferably less than one hour, preferably less than 15 minutes after exiting the storage silo, prior to dosing into a dosage silo, into a processing unit such as a mixer or after leaving a storage silo or dosage silo or after being processed into a base feed formulation or feed formulation.
Real-time in the context of the invention can also be formulated as actual data of the ingredients used as opposed to data obtained by measurement before storage, or based on averages over a longer period.
In the present invention, an off-set is determined between the basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient that was used to come to the calculated base feed formulation and the real-time set of analytical parameters of each ingredient.
Alternatively, the offset is determined between the set of analytical requirements for the feed and the calculated base feed formulation, based on the real-time set of analytical parameters of each ingredient.
Having determined the off-set, the combination of ingredients and dosing of the ingredients can be adjusted to accommodate the actual ingredient composition and minimise the off-set.
The offset of each individual production run ( possibly comprising multiple mixing batches) and/or each individual mixing batch can be minimised.
In certain embodiments, the off-set of one ingredient can be compensated, corrected or supplemented by variation in the dosage of one or more other ingredients to meet the requirements for the feed.
Practically, this can for instance be achieved when the ingredients are transported for instance from storage silos to dosage silos prior to the actual mixing.
Alternatively or additionally during the combining of the two or more ingredients or directly after combining and/or processing, a real-time set of analytical parameters of the base feed formulation and an off-set with the set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed can be obtained.
The dosing or processing of the ingredients to the base feed can be supplemented, corrected or adjusted to minimise the offset and to come to the desired feed formulation that meets the requirement.
In Fig 1, ingredients 101 have basic analytical parameters ingredients 102 which in combination with optional cost parameters 103 and feed analytical parameter requirements
104 are combined to a calculated base feed formulation 105. The calculated base feed formulation 105 is corrected and/or supplemented with real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients 106. The combination of the real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients 106 and the calculated base feed formulation 105 leads to a reformulation of the base feed formulation 107 to meet the feed analytical parameters requirements 104 to provide feed formulation 100. In Fig 2, Ingredients 201 have basic analytical parameters ingredients 202 which in combination with optional cost parameters 203 and feed analytical parameter requirements 204 are combined to a calculated base feed formulation 205. The calculated base feed formulation 205 is used in formulation of the base feed formulation 208. Real-time analytical parameters of the base feed formulation 209 are obtained.
The real-time analytical parameters of the base feed formulation 209 are compared with the feed analytical parameter requirements 204 and an off-set 210 is determined between real-time analytical parameters of the base feed formulation 209 and the feed analytical parameter requirements 204. The off-set 210 is minimised by adapting the base feed formulation 208 using the real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients 206 to reformulate the base feed formulation 208 to a base feed reformulation 207, meeting the feed analytical parameter requirements 204 to provide the feed formulation 200. In Fig 3, ingredients are stored in ingredients storage units 311-314. Each ingredient is characterised by a basic set of analytical parameters ingredients 302. These data are combined with analytical requirement for the feed 303 and optional cost parameters 304, leading to a calculated base feed formulation 305. The ingredients are dosed by dosing lines 315-318 from the storage units 311-314 to dosage units 319-322. Real-time analytical parameters ingredients 306 are obtained from each ingredient prior to entry in the dosage unit 319-322, while in the dosage unit 319-322 and/or after leaving the dosage unit 319-322. The real-time analytical parameters ingredients 306 are used to determine an offset 310 between the calculated base feed formulation 305 and the analytical requirements for the feed 303.
Additionally or alternatively, real-time analytical parameters of the base feed formulation 309 can be obtained for determination of offset 310. Based on the offset 310, an adjustment 323 can be made and a recalculated base feed formulation 324 can now be formulated that provides the base feed formulation 308 and the feed formulation 300.
In an alternative embodiment, the real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients are used as direct input, together with the analytical requirements for the feed and the optional cost parameters for the calculation of the optimised feed formulation. In this embodiment, the ingredients are analysed online prior to mixing or prior to storage in dosage units. See Fig 4 for a schematic simplified form of this method.
In Fig 4, ingredients are stored in ingredient storage units 411-414. The ingredients are dosed by dosing lines 415-418 from the storage units to dosage units 419-422. Real-time analytical parameters ingredients 401 are obtained from each ingredient prior to entry in the dosage unit 419-422. These data are combined with analytical requirements for the feed 402 and cost parameters 403, leading to a calculated feed formulation 405, based on real-time analytical parameters. Dosing via dosing lines 415-418 to dosage units 419-422 in the relative amounts as calculated in the calculated feed formulation 405 leads to feed formulation 400.
This embodiment no longer requires a basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient, but provides real-time analytical parameters of the ingredients prior to transfer to the dosage unit (whether dosage silos or weighing scales). The real-time analytical parameter of the ingredients are combined with the analytical requirements for the feed and the cost parameters and the composition of the feed formulation is calculated in the form of the ingredients and the relative amounts thereof, based on the real-time data.
Thus a method is provided formulating a feed formulation comprising the steps of: a) providing two or mare ingredients; b) optionally, providing a set of cost parameters for each ingredient; c) providing a real-time set of analytical parameters for each ingredient; d) providing a set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed formulation; e) calculating the relative amounts of each ingredient to yield the feed formulation based on a combination of + the real-time set of analytical parameters for each ingredient of step (c) e the analytical parameter requirements for the feed of step (d}, and e optional least cost calculation using at least the set of cost parameters of step (b) for each ingredient of step (c); f) formulating the feed formulation by combining two or more ingredients in the calculated relative amounts.
The invention further relates to a method for the manufacturing of a feed formulation using a real-time set of analytical parameters of a variety of feed ingredients and a set of analytical parameter requirements for a feed formulation to calculate the relative amounts of each feed ingredient to yield the feed formulation.
The invention is further embodied in a computer-program comprising program code means comprising program code executable by a computer for controlling the computer to perform or control the steps of the method according to the invention, a computer readable storage medium carrying a computer program of the method according to the invention. The invention also is embodied in a system for the production of feed comprising a computer, the computer being adapted to output a representation of the desired formulation for the production of the feed formulation and a feed production facility. Example Base Ingredients are received at the plant and stored in storage silos. The Base Ingredients are analysed for their contents. Combined with the desired feed formulation and cost parameters of the ingredient, the relative amount (Base dose) for the desired feed formulation is calculated. In-line analytics, located after the storage silo, but before the mixer reveals that the wheat exiting from the storage silo wheat in fact has a lower starch than used in calculated formulation of base feed. Lower starch content of ingredient than expected in a feed leads to a lower energy level in the final feed. This has to be corrected. Parallel in-line analytics after exiting the storages silo, but prior to the mixer reveal that both wheat as well as soy bean meal is higher in protein content than expected in the base formulation calculated from base ingredients. Thus the amino acid content can be adjusted. After reformulation the real mixer batch provides a reformulated dose that can be used in the final preparation of the feed composition: Base ingredient Base dose Reformulated | adjustment
TW ; Soy bean meal 18.00 % Soy bean oil 0.90 %
Premix vitamins, minerals, trace | 5.00% 5.00% eee a
1. A method for formulating a feed formulation comprising the steps of: a) providing two or more ingredients; b) providing a basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient of step (a); c) optionally providing a set of cost parameters for each ingredient of step (a); d) providing a set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed formulation; e) calculating the relative amounts of each ingredient of step (a) to provide a calculated base feed formulation, based on a combination of e the basic set of analytical parameters for each ingredient of step (b) e optionally least cost calculation using at least the set of cost parameters for each ingredient of step (c); e the analytical parameter requirements for the feed of step (d), f) obtaining a real-time set of analytical parameters for one or more ingredients of step (a); g) determining the off-set between the set of analytical parameter requirements for the feed of step (e) and the real-time set of analytical parameters for one or more ingredients of step (f}; h) recalculating the relative amounts of each ingredient of step (e) to obtain recalculated relative amounts of each ingredient of step (e); i) formulating the feed formulation using the recalculated relative amounts of one or more ingredients of step (h) to obtain the feed formulation.
2. Method according to clause 1, wherein formulating the feed formulation of step (i) comprises adjusting the relative amounts of one or more ingredients calculated in step (e).
3. Method according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the formulating the feed formulation of step (i) comprises correcting/supplementing the base feed formulation of step (i) with one or more ingredients during or after formulating the feed formulation of step (i).
4. Method according to clause 1-3, wherein adjusting the relative amounts or supplementing a feed formulation comprises adjusting or supplementing the ingredient with the same or a different ingredient.
5. Method according to clauses 1-4, wherein formulating comprises one or more of weighing, mixing, dissolving, suspending, heating, extruding, and pelletizing.
6. Method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the analytical parameters comprise chemical and biological parameters
7. Method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein chemical and biological parameters are selected from the group consisting of protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, nitrogen content, amino acid content, vitamin content, phosphorus content, mineral content, moisture content, texture, palatability, digestibility.
8. Method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the analytical parameters comprise spectral data obtained from the group consisting of NIRS, XRF, vision systems, laser scattering.
9. Method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein further a set of production cost parameters are included in the least cost calculation.
10. Computer-program comprising program code means comprising program code executable by a computer for controlling the computer to perform or control the steps of the method according to any of the previous clauses.
11. A computer readable storage medium carrying a computer program according to clause
10.
12. A system for the production of feed comprising a computer, the computer being adapted to output a representation of the desired formulation for the production of the feed formulation and a feed production facility.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2026185A NL2026185B1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Method for enhanced formulation of feed production |
| EP21755403.9A EP4188108A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2021-07-30 | Method for enhanced formulation of feed production |
| PCT/EP2021/071374 WO2022023517A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2021-07-30 | Method for enhanced formulation of feed production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2026185A NL2026185B1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Method for enhanced formulation of feed production |
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| NL2026185B1 true NL2026185B1 (en) | 2022-04-04 |
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| NL2026185A NL2026185B1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Method for enhanced formulation of feed production |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4188108A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2026185B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022023517A1 (en) |
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- 2020-07-31 NL NL2026185A patent/NL2026185B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2021-07-30 WO PCT/EP2021/071374 patent/WO2022023517A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2021-07-30 EP EP21755403.9A patent/EP4188108A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022023517A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
| EP4188108A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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