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NL2013089B1 - Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building. - Google Patents

Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2013089B1
NL2013089B1 NL2013089A NL2013089A NL2013089B1 NL 2013089 B1 NL2013089 B1 NL 2013089B1 NL 2013089 A NL2013089 A NL 2013089A NL 2013089 A NL2013089 A NL 2013089A NL 2013089 B1 NL2013089 B1 NL 2013089B1
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
opening
central
building element
building
concrete
Prior art date
Application number
NL2013089A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Adriaan Martinus Kanters Johannes
Original Assignee
Adriaan Martinus Kanters Johannes
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adriaan Martinus Kanters Johannes filed Critical Adriaan Martinus Kanters Johannes
Priority to NL2013089A priority Critical patent/NL2013089B1/en
Priority to EP15736677.4A priority patent/EP3161220B1/en
Priority to PCT/NL2015/050466 priority patent/WO2016003267A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2013089B1 publication Critical patent/NL2013089B1/en
Priority to ZA2017/00464A priority patent/ZA201700464B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0223—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of cylindrical shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C2003/023—Lintels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a building element (7) for forming a wall of a building, as well as an assembly of two or more of such building elements, a wall comprising one or more of such building elements or assemblies of building elements, a building comprising such a wall and a method for constructing a wall of a building using such building elements (7).

Description

Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building Field of the invention
The invention relates to a building element suitable for forming a wall of a building, comprising, in a position of use: a bottom surface, a top surface positioned at a distance from the bottom surface, a first pair of opposite side surfaces, spaced-apart in a length direction, a second pair of opposite side surfaces, spaced-apart in a width direction, connecting the first pair of side surfaces, wherein the first and second pairs of side surfaces connect the top surface and the bottom surface, a central through-hole extending substantially vertically from the top surface to the bottom surface, the central through-hole having a circumferential surface being substantially impermeable to fluid concrete to be poured into the central through-hole, a side through-hole extending substantially vertically from the top surface to the bottom surface, parallel to the central through-hole, having a width in width direction smaller than a width of the central through-hole.
The invention also relates to an assembly of two or more of such building elements, a wall comprising one or more of such building elements or assemblies of building elements, a building comprising such a wall and a method for constructing a wall of a building using such building elements.
Background of the invention
It is known in the art to construct walls or buildings by assembling building elements. These building elements may comprise sandstone blocks, bricks, et cetera and can be connected to form a wall e.g. by means of conventional masonry or otherwise.
Such a building element can be provided with the mentioned through-hole, allowing for the bottom surface of one building element to be placed on the top surface of another building element in such a way that the through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous through-hole. This continuous through-hole can subsequently be filled with concrete such that a rigid column is formed. On top of that concrete column a further structure such as a floor or a roof can be placed (although intermediate steps may have to be performed).
Due to the concrete column forming the load bearing structure, the material for the building element (being essentially non-lead bearing) can be selected from a wide range of building materials as the constructive demands pertaining to the building element are lower: it is merely used to provide insulating properties to the building element and not to provide substantial constructive strength. The function of the building elements is essentially to constitute the formwork for the (cast) concrete columns. The preceding features allow the building element to be produced locally, decreasing cost.
Such a building element allows for fast and cost-effective construction: the building elements can be assembled in a relatively short time span because the formation of the actual load bearing structure in the form of the concrete columns takes only a relatively small amount of time. Additionally, local construction personnel require only a minimal amount of instruction to start using the building elements.
Furthermore, the concrete column of the building element can be provided with so-called ‘side wings’ to improve sound insulation. The side wings are usually made of concrete and formed at the same time as the concrete column, i.e. in a single concrete pouring step.
The inventor has found, however, that a severe disadvantage of the known way of forming side wings is that the building element has a tendency to tearing and cracking at the transition from the concrete column to the side wings. This is especially the case when the building element comprises expanded polystyrene (EPS) as its main construction material.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a building element suitable for forming a wall of a building having a concrete column and side wings during use, wherein cracking and tearing at the transition from the concrete column to the side wings is prevented.
Summary of the invention
Hereto the building element suitable for forming a wall of a building is characterized in that the circumference of the side through-hole is positioned at a horizontal distance from the circumference of the central through-hole, such that the side through-hole is substantially fluidly isolated from the central through-hole along a height of the central through-hole, wherein between the top surface and the bottom surface a sideways fluid connection (i.e. substantially horizontal) is present between the central through-hole and the side through-hole for allowing fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole to enter the side through-hole, a height of the fluid connection being at most 20%, preferably at most 10% or even at most 5% of a height of the central through-hole.
The inventor has found during experiments that the above measures solve the problem of cracking and tearing at the transition from the central column to the side wings. This is probably due to a reduced weight and/or contact area of fluid concrete pressing against the main material of the building element during the concrete pouring step. The protection conferred by the attached set of claims, however, does not depend on the validity of this theory. At the same time sufficient exchange of fluid concrete is realized between the central through-hole and the side through-hole.
Preferably, the building element has a brick-like shape. These brick-like building elements are cheap to manufacture and easy to stack. The central through-hole preferably has a substantially circular cross-section.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the horizontal distance is at most 5-10 cm. The inventor has found from practice that this distance provides an optimal balance between sound proofness (i.e. preventing sound from traveling through the gap between the central through-hole) and ease of construction of the side column in the side through-hole, i.e. the ease with which the fluid concrete enters the side through-hole during the concrete pouring step.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein in the length direction a length of the side through-hole is larger than the width of the side through-hole in the width direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the side-through-hole is at most 50% of the cross-sectional area of the central through-hole. The inventor has found that more than sufficient sound insulation can be achieved by doing so, without needing excessive amounts of concrete.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein two side through-holes are provided at opposite sides of the central through-hole. Thus, less central concrete column are needed, since each concrete column fluidly connects to two side through-holes. This also allows the two side though-holes to be filled with fluid concrete in a single concrete pouring step.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein a width of the fluid connection is smaller than or equal to the width of the side through-hole. The inventor has found this relatively small width of the fluid connection provides the best resistance to cracking and tearing.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the fluid connection is embodied by a groove or channel provided at the bottom surface or the top surface of the building element. Thus, no additional drilling of holes is needed to create the sideways fluid connection. The top or bottom surface can be conveniently used as a(n upper or lower) delimitation for the sideways fluid connection.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the groove or channel is formed by a dam-like protrusion, extending upwardly from the top surface, having a U-like shape when seen from above, the side through-hole being positioned in a concave part of the U-shape, wherein legs of the U-shape extend to the circumference of the central through-hole, such that fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole is guided towards the side through-hole by the dam-like protrusion. At the same time, the protrusion may be used advantageously to accurately position another building element on top of the building element.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein a height of the dam-like protrusion is 1-5 cm. The inventor has found that this height allows sufficient fluid concrete flow through the sideways fluid connection.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the width of the side through-hole is at most 50%, more preferably at most 40%, even more preferably at most 30%, most preferably at most 25% of the width of the central through-hole. Sufficient sound proofness is achieved in this way, without needing excessive mounts of concrete.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the top surface is provided with one or more rows of protrusions extending along the intersection of the top surface and the second pair of side surfaces for connecting to one or more corresponding rows of recesses comprised by a bottom surface of a further building element to be placed on top of the building element. Thus, accurate positioning can be achieved, especially for creating a proper fluid-tight fluid connection at the upper surface of the building element.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, comprising expanded polystyrene (EPS). EPS has good insulation properties, with respect to sound insulation as well as thermal insulation and, in most countries, can be produced locally. Furthermore, it has low density thus decreasing the weight of the final structure. Another advantage is that the EPS used is fire/flame retardant. A yet further advantage is that EPS is not susceptible to rot or problems relating to fungus deposits. Preferably, the EPS has a volumetric mass of 20 kg/m3. More preferably, the heat conduction coefficient is about 0,038 W/m.K. Even more preferably, the compressive strength/stiffness is about 100 kPa at a deformation of 10%. Most preferably, the EPS also has a deflective strength of 150 kPa. Other light-weight materials can, however, also be used, especially materials having a relatively low density of for instance lower than 50 kg/m3, such a lower than 40 kg/m3, more preferably lower than 30 kg/m3, most preferably 20 kg/m3 or lower.
An embodiment concerns an aforementioned building element, wherein a lower surface of the sideways fluid connection is downwardly sloped in a direction from the central through-hole to the side through-hole. Thus, fluid concrete is encouraged to flow from the central through-hole into the side through-hole. At the same time, the pressure exerted by the fluid concrete on the main material of the building element is lowered, further preventing crack formation.
Preferably, the slope with respect to the vertical is 30-60°, for instance around 45°.
The invention also relates to an assembly of two or more aforementioned building elements, wherein the bottom surface of one building element is placed on the top surface of another building element in such a way that the central through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the central through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous central through-hole and the side through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the side through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous side through-hole. This assembly of building elements facilitates the creation of a central concrete column to be formed in the continuous through-hole and a side concrete column to be formed in the continuous side through-hole.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned assembly, wherein the continuous central through-hole is filled with concrete forming a central concrete column extending through the building elements and the continuous side through-hole is filled with concrete forming a side concrete column extending through the building elements.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned assembly, wherein the central concrete column comprises reinforcement in longitudinal direction of the central column, whereas the side concrete column is reinforcement-free. This saves substantial amounts of reinforcement material, since the inventor has found that in practice only the central concrete column will be used to absorb axial (vertical) construction forces. The inventor has found that 3-5 reinforcement rods running in the longitudinal direction of the concrete column, more preferably 4 rods, provides optimal strength.
The invention also relates to a wall comprising one or more aforementioned building elements or assemblies of building elements.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned wall, wherein an outer surface of the wall is provided with a covering layer comprising a resin mortar or a loam, the layer having a thickness of at most 3 cm, preferably at most 2 cm. This covering layer provides a good basis for applying a finishing layer, which can be of any type, such as a simple layer of paint, a layer of wood or stone strips. Preferably, a wire gauze or wire mesh, for instance comprising glass fibers, is distributed over the wall surface to facilitate attachment and strength of the covering layer. If desired, a layer of mineral mortar can be put on top of the layer of resin mortar. The inventor has found the stated thickness to be optimal for connecting the covering layer thereto.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned wall, wherein the side concrete column is provided with one or more anchorings projecting transversely from the concrete column and connecting to one or more layers of plaster on the covering layer. For durable attachment to the wall, the one or more layers of plaster is connected to anchorings attached to the concrete columns.
An embodiment furthermore concerns an aforementioned wall, comprising a window frame, wherein, when a groove or channel is present in the top surface or the bottom surface of the building element, a horizontal concrete supporting beam is formed in the groove or channel of the building element, wherein the concrete supporting beam is arranged underneath a lower horizontal bar of the window frame when the groove or channel is formed in the top surface of the building element, or the supporting beam is arranged on top of an upper horizontal bar of the window frame, when the groove or channel is formed in the bottom surface of the building element.
The invention also relates to a method for constructing a wall of a building using aforementioned building elements, comprising the following steps: - placing the bottom surface of one building element on the top surface of another building element, - aligning the central through-hole of the one building element with the through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous central through-hole, and aligning the side through-hole of the one building element with the side through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous side through-hole, repeating the previous steps until the desired wall height is achieved, - filling the continuous central through-hole with concrete such that a central concrete column and a side concrete column are formed.
An embodiment relates to an aforementioned method, furthermore comprising the step of inserting reinforcement into the continuous central through-hole in the longitudinal direction of the continuous through-hole, whereas the continuous side through-hole remains reinforcement-free, before filling the continuous central through-hole with concrete.
Brief description of the drawings
Embodiments of a building comprising building elements according to the invention, as well as embodiments of a wall and an assembly of such building elements, will by way of non-limiting example be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a building comprising building elements according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows an assembly in perspective view of multiple buildings blocks according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a perspective cut-away view of a building element 7 according to the invention;
Figure 4a shows a top view of an embodiment of a building element according to the invention;
Figure 4b shows a side view of a cross-sectional plane of an embodiment of a building element according to the invention;
Figure 4c shows a front view of an embodiment of a building element according to the invention;
Figure 5 shows a cross-section of an assembly of building elements in side view;
Figure 6 shows an embodiment, wherein a building element is shown that is to be used as comer element of a wall; and
Figure 7 shows building elements according to the invention used in conjunction with a window frame.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a building 1 comprising building elements 7, 8 according to the invention. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building 1 positioned on a piece of land 2 having front walls and side surfaces, of which only one front wall 5 and one side wall 4 are visible. In front of the front wall 5 three roof support columns 3 are arranged for supporting a roof 6 near the front wall 5. Please note that when the exemplary building is seen in top view, the roof extends past all side walls, not just the front wall 5. The roof support columns 3 are also constructed using the building elements 7. Although a specific building type is shown in figure 1, comprising the building elements 7, the person skilled in the art will understand that many building types can be realized with the building elements 7 according to the invention. The embodiment of the building element according to the invention is denoted by reference numeral 7 in figures 1-7. A variant of the building element 7 having half the height of that building element 7 is indicated by reference numeral 8. Please note that the building element according to the invention can be used in an endless variety of building designs. Furthermore, the corner of the building is preferably to be formed by using corner building elements as depicted in figure 6, which will lead to a building comer structure slightly different from the one shown in figure 1.
Figure 2 shows an assembly 14 in perspective view of multiple buildings blocks 7 according to the invention. The building elements 7 are arranged in three layers LI, L2 and L3, staggered along by a length Lb of half a building element 7. The length of a typical building element 7 as shown is for instance 1-2 m, whereas the typical height Hb is 0.25 - 1 m and the typical width Wb is 10-40 cm, preferably around 30 cm. The building elements 7 as shown each comprise a bottom surface 18, a parallel top surface 17 and four side surfaces, of which two side surfaces are longitudinal side surfaces 21 and two side surfaces are transversal side surfaces 19. Each building element 7 as shown is provided with two central through-holes 10 having a cylindrical shape. The inner circumferential wall 20 of a central through-hole 10 forms an outer surface of a respective building element 7. The building element 7 preferably comprises expanded polystyrene (EPS) or a similar light-weight material having a relatively low density. The central through-holes 10 of the building elements 7 in the different layers L1-L3 are aligned to form single, continuous through-holes 16. In each continuous through-hole 16 a concrete column 13 is present. The concrete columns 13 are reinforced with reinforcement rods 11. However, the skilled person will understand that other types of concrete, especially reinforced concrete with different types of reinforcement, are also conceivable.
Furthermore, the building elements 7 are provided with two parallel rows of protrusions 12 on their top surfaces, these protrusions 12 being designed for engaging two rows of recesses of building elements 7 in the layer above the layer in which the respective building element 7 is arranged.
The central through-holes 10 have a circumferential surface 20 being substantially impermeable to fluid concrete to be poured into the central through-hole 10. As can be seen, a side through-hole 9 extends substantially vertically from the top surface 17 to the bottom surface 18, parallel to the central through-hole 10, having a width in width direction smaller than a width of the central through-hole 10. Preferably, each central through-hole 10 is accompanied by a side through-hole 9, or more preferably a pair thereof. Each side through-hole 19 comprises a side concrete column 30. Preferably, the central concrete column 13 comprises reinforcement cables or wires 11 in longitudinal direction, such as 3-8, for instance 4.
Figure 3 shows a perspective cut-away view of a building element 7 according to the invention. Figure 4a shows a top view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention. Figure 4b shows a side view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention. Figure 5 shows a cross-section of an assembly of building elements in side view.
In figure 4b a section plane PS is shown dividing the building element 7 in two substantially symmetrical portions. Between the section plane PS and both transversal side surfaces 19 two central through-holes 10 are arranged, each central through-hole 10 being accompanied by two opposite side through-holes 9. Each central through-hole 10 is arranged halfway between the section plane PS and the respective transversal side surface 19 to facilitate the staggering along by half a building element’s length (i.e. at a length of 1/4L and 3/4L to facilitate staggering of 1/2L).
As shown in figures 3-5, according to the invention, the circumference 24 of the side through-hole 9 is positioned at a horizontal distance d from the circumference of the central through-hole 10, such that the side through-hole 9 is substantially fluidly isolated from the central through-hole 10 along a height He of the central through-hole 10. Somewhere between (or at) the top surface 17 and the bottom surface 18 the sideways fluid connection 27 is present. The sideways fluid connection 27 between the central through-hole 10 and the side through-hole 9 allows fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole 10 to enter the side through-hole 9 to form a side concrete column 30. A height Hfc of the fluid connection 27 therein is at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of a height of the central through-hole 10 in a building element 7. The horizontal distance d preferably is at most 5-10 cm.
The length direction a length Ls of the side through-hole 9 is larger than the width Ws of the side through-hole 9 in the width direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the side-through-hole 9 is at most 50% of the cross-sectional area of the central through-hole 10. A width Wfc of the fluid connection is preferably smaller than or equal to the width Ws of the side through-hole 9. The fluid connection 27 can be embodied by a groove or channel 28 provided at the bottom surface 18 or the top surface 17 of the building element 7. The lower surface of the fluid connection 27 may be downwardly sloped in a direction from the central through-hole 10 to the side through-hole 9, having a slope of for instance 30-60°, for instance around 45° with respect to the vertical. Thus, fluid concrete is encouraged to flow from the central through-hole 10 into the side through-hole 9. At the same time, the pressure exerted by the fluid concrete on the main material of the building element 7 is lowered, further preventing crack formation.
Therein, the groove or channel 28 can be formed by a dam-like protrusion 29, extending upwardly from the top surface 17. The dam-like protrusion 29 may have a U-like shape when seen from above. The side through-hole 9 is preferably positioned in a concave part of the U-shape, wherein legs of the U-shape extend to the circumference 20 of the central through-hole 10, such that fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole 10 is guided towards the side through-hole 9 by the dam-like protrusion and the groove 28. The height Hd of the dam-like protrusion is for instance 1-5 cm.
The width Ws of the side through-hole 9 is preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 40%, even more preferably at most 30%, most preferably at most 25% of the width Wc of the central through-hole 10.
Figure 4c shows a front view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention. The top surface is provided with a raised part 25 extending in the viewing direction, which simultaneously forms or comprises the dam-like protrusion 29. The bottom surface 18 is provided with a groove 26. When placing one building element 7 on top of another building element 7, the raised part/groove 25, 26 construction significantly simplifies positioning. Analogously, the transversal side surfaces 19 may be provided with a vertical groove 34, or a pair of vertical grooves 34, wherein an adjacent building element is provided with a corresponding elongated protrusion 35.
Figure 6 shows an embodiment, wherein another exemplary embodiment of a building element is shown that is to be used as comer element of a wall. In principle, the only thing being different from the previous embodiment is that a pair of comer side through-holes 9 are placed at an angle of around 90° with respect to each other in the actual corner, resembling an L-shape when seen from above. The central through-hole 10, positioned in the corner, is fluidly connected to both perpendicular side through-holes 9. Preferably, the comer element of figure 6 is to be used in the building shown in figure 1.
Figure 7 shows another advantageous aspect of using the building element 7 according to the invention. Figure 7 shows the situation around a window frame 32. When the building element 7 is provided below the window frame 32, i.e. supports the window frame 32, a longitudinal recess can be provided in the top surface thereof, i.e. running parallel to the respective beam of the window frame. The longitudinal recess can be advantageously filled with concrete to form a supporting beam 33 as shown. This can be done simultaneously with the filling of the central-through-hole of the building element, i.e. in a single filling step. Analogously, a building element can be provided on top of the window frame 32 having a recess in its bottom surface. During the filling of the central through-hole of this building element with fluid concrete, a supporting beam 33 will be formed on top of the window frame 32. Instead of a window frame, the above may also apply to other types of frames, such a door frames, or in general to a frame having a lower and/or an upper horizontal beam.
Thus, the invention has been described by reference to the embodiments discussed above. It will be recognized that the embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms well known to those of skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have been described, these are examples only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.
Reference numerals 1. Building 2. Ground 3. Roof support column 4. Building side surface 5. Building front wall 6. Roof 7. Building element (block) 8. Building element (1/2 height) 9. Side through-hole 10. Central through-hole 11. Reinforcement rod 12. Protrusion 13. Concrete column 14. Assembly of building elements 15. Recess 16. Continuous central through-hole 17. Building element top surface 18. Building element bottom surface 19. Building element transversal side surface 20. Central through-hole circumferential wall 21. Building element longitudinal side surface 22. - 23. - 24. Circumference of the side-through-hole 25. Raised part 26. Groove 27. Sideways fluid connection 28. Fluid channel 29. Dam-like protrusion 30. Side concrete column 31. Continuous side through-hole 32. Window frame 33. Supporting beam 34. Vertical groove in transversal side surface 35. Vertical protrusion in transversal side surface
Ws = width of side through-hole in width direction
Wc = width of central through-hole in width direction
He = height of the central through-hole
Hfc = height fluid connection
Wfc = width of fluid connection
Ls = length side through-hole
Hd = height of dam-like protrusion d = horizontal distance

Claims (22)

1. Bouwelement (7) geschikt voor het vormen van een muur (3, 4, 5) van een gebouw (1), omvattend, in een gebruikspositie: een onderoppervlak (18), een bovenoppervlak (17) gepositioneerd op een afstand (Hb) van het onderoppervlak (18), een eerste paar tegenoverliggende zij oppervlakken (19), op afstand van elkaar geplaatst in een lengterichting (X), een tweede paar tegenoverliggende zij oppervlakken (21), op afstand van elkaar geplaatst in een breedterichting (Y), die het eerste paar zij oppervlakken met elkaar verbinden, waarbij de eerste en de tweede paren zijoppervlakken het bovenoppervlak (17) en het onderoppervlak (18) verbinden, een centrale doorgaande opening (10) die zich hoofdzakelijk verticaal van het bovenoppervlak (17) tot het onderoppervlak (18) uitstrekt, waarbij de centrale doorgaande opening (10) een omtreksoppervlak (20) heeft dat hoofdzakelijk ondoorlatend is voor vloeibaar beton dat in de centrale doorgaande opening (10) gegoten dient te worden, een doorgaande zijopening (9) die zich hoofdzakelijk verticaal van het bovenoppervlak (17) tot het onderoppervlak (18) uitstrekt, parallel aan de centrale doorgaande opening (10), met een breedte (Ws) in de breedterichting kleiner dan een breedte (Wc) van de centrale doorgaande opening, met het kenmerk dat de omtrek (24) van de doorgaande zijopening is gepositioneerd op een horizontale afstand (d) van de omtrek van de centrale doorgaande opening (10), zodanig dat de doorgaande zijopening hoofdzakelijk vloeistofgeïsoleerd is van de centrale doorgaande opening over een hoogte (Hc) van de centrale doorgaande opening, waarbij tussen het bovenoppervlak en het onderoppervlak een zijdelingse vloei stofverbinding (27) aanwezig is tussen de centrale doorgaande opening en de doorgaande zijopening om toe te staan dat vloeibaar beton dat in de centrale doorgaande opening wordt gegoten de doorgaande zijopening binnentreedt, waarbij een hoogte (Hfc) van de vloeistofverbinding ten hoogste 20%, bijvoorkeur ten hoogste 10% van een hoogte van de centrale doorgaande opening bedraagt.A building element (7) suitable for forming a wall (3, 4, 5) of a building (1), comprising, in a position of use: a lower surface (18), an upper surface (17) positioned at a distance (Hb ) of the bottom surface (18), a first pair of opposite side surfaces (19), spaced apart in a longitudinal direction (X), a second pair of opposite side surfaces (21), spaced apart in a width direction (Y connecting the first pair of side surfaces with the first and second pairs of side surfaces connecting the upper surface (17) and the lower surface (18), a central through opening (10) extending substantially vertically from the upper surface (17) extending to the bottom surface (18), the central through opening (10) having a circumferential surface (20) substantially impervious to liquid concrete to be poured into the central through opening (10), a through side opening (9) extending substantially vertically from the upper surface (17) to the lower surface (18), parallel to the central through-opening (10), with a width (Ws) in the width direction less than a width (Wc) of the central through-opening, characterized in that the circumference (24) of the through-going side opening is positioned at a horizontal distance (d) from the circumference of the central through-opening (10), such that the through-side opening is substantially liquid-insulated from the central through-opening opening through a height (Hc) of the central through-opening, with a lateral fluid connection (27) between the upper through-hole and the through-side opening between the upper surface and the lower surface to allow liquid concrete to enter into the central through-opening opening is poured into the continuous side opening, with a height (Hfc) of the liquid connection at most 20%, preferably at most 10% from a height of the central through opening. 2. Bouwelement (7) volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de horizontale afstand (d) ten hoogste 5-10 cm bedraagt.Building element (7) according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance (d) is at most 5-10 cm. 3. Bouwelement (7) volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij in de lengterichting een lengte (Ls) van de doorgaande zijopening groter is dan de breedte (Ws) van de doorgaande zijopening in de breedterichting, waarbij een dwarsdoorsnedeoppervlak van de doorgaande zijopening ten hoogste 50% van het dwarsdoorsnedeoppervlak van de centrale doorgaande opening bedraagt.Building component (7) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the longitudinal direction a length (Ls) of the through-side opening is greater than the width (Ws) of the through-side opening in the width direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the through-side opening is at most 50% of the cross-sectional area of the central through-opening. 4. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij twee doorgaande zijopeningen zijn verschaft aan tegenoverliggende zijden van de centrale doorgaande opening.Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two continuous side openings are provided on opposite sides of the central continuous opening. 5. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een breedte (Wfc) van de vloeistofverbinding kleiner is dan, of gelijk is aan, de breedte (Ws) van de doorgaande zijopening.Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a width (Wfc) of the liquid connection is smaller than or equal to the width (Ws) of the through-going side opening. 6. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de vloeistofverbinding is uitgevoerd als een groef of kanaal (28) verschaft aan het onderoppervlak of het bovenoppervlak van het bouwelement.Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid connection is designed as a groove or channel (28) provided on the bottom surface or the top surface of the building element. 7. Bouwelement (7) volgens conclusie 6, waarbij de groef of het kanaal is gevormd door een damachtig uitsteeksel (29) dat zich opwaarts uitstrekt van het bovenoppervlak, met een U-achtige vorm, wanneer van boven bezien, waarbij de doorgaande zijopening is gepositioneerd in een concaaf deel van de U-vorm, waarbij benen van de U-vorm zich uitstrekken tot de omtrek van de centrale doorgaande opening, zodat vloeibaar beton dat in de centrale doorgaande opening wordt gegoten naar de doorgaande zijopening wordt geleid door de het damachtige uitsteeksel.The building element (7) according to claim 6, wherein the groove or channel is formed by a dam-like protrusion (29) extending upwardly from the upper surface, with a U-like shape when viewed from above, the through-going side opening being positioned in a concave portion of the U-shape, wherein legs of the U-shape extend to the circumference of the central through-opening, so that liquid concrete poured into the central through-opening is guided to the through-side opening through the dam-like projection. 8. Bouwelement (7) volgens conclusie 7, waarbij een hoogte (Hd) van het damachtige uitsteeksel 1-5 cm bedraagt.Building element (7) according to claim 7, wherein a height (Hd) of the dam-like projection is 1-5 cm. 9. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 3, waarbij de breedte (Ws) van de doorgaande zijopening ten hoogste 50%, bij grotere voorkeur ten hoogste 40%, bij nog grotere voorkeur ten hoogste 30%, bij grootste voorkeur ten hoogste 25% van de breedte (Wc) van de centrale doorgaande opening bedraagt.Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, when dependent on claim 3, wherein the width (Ws) of the through-side opening is at most 50%, more preferably at most 40%, even more preferably at most 30% , most preferably amounts to a maximum of 25% of the width (Wc) of the central through-opening. 10. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het bovenoppervlak (17) is voorzien van een of meer rijen uitsteeksels (12), welke rijen zich uitstrekken langs de kruising van het bovenoppervlak en het tweede paar zij oppervlakken (21) voor verbinding met een of meer overeenkomstige rijen uitsparingen (15) omvat door een onderoppervlak (18) van een verder bouwelement (7) dat bovenop het bouwelement (7) geplaatst dient te worden.Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper surface (17) is provided with one or more rows of protrusions (12), which rows extend along the intersection of the upper surface and the second pair of side surfaces (21) for connection to one or more corresponding rows of recesses (15) comprising a lower surface (18) of a further building element (7) to be placed on top of the building element (7). 11. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, omvattend geëxpandeerd polystyreen (EPS).Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising expanded polystyrene (EPS). 12. Bouwelement (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij een onderoppervlak van de zijdelingse vloeistofverbinding (27) neerwaarts hellend is in een richting van de centrale doorgaande opening (10) naar de doorgaande zijopening (9).Building element (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a lower surface of the lateral fluid connection (27) is inclined downwards in a direction from the central through-opening (10) to the through-side opening (9). 13. Bouwelement (7) volgens conclusie 12, waarbij de hellingshoek ten opzichte van de verticaal 30-60° bedraagt,bijvoorbeeld rond 45° bedraagt.Building element (7) according to claim 12, wherein the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical is 30-60 °, for example around 45 °. 14. Samenstel (14) van twee of meer bouwelementen (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het onderoppervlak (18) van een bouwelement (7) is geplaatst op het bovenoppervlak (17) van een ander bouwelement (7), zodanig dat de centrale doorgaande opening (10) van het ene bouwelement (7) is uitgelijnd met de centrale doorgaande opening (10) van het andere bouwelement (7), onder vorming van een ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16) en de doorgaande zijopening (9) van het ene bouwelement (7) is uitgelijnd met de doorgaande zijopening (9) van het andere bouwelement (7), onder vorming van een ononderbroken doorgaande zijopening (31).Assembly (14) of two or more building elements (7) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bottom surface (18) of a building element (7) is placed on the top surface (17) of another building element (7), such the central through opening (10) of one building element (7) is aligned with the central through opening (10) of the other building element (7), forming a continuous central through opening (16) and the through side opening (9) ) of one building element (7) is aligned with the continuous side opening (9) of the other building element (7), forming a continuous continuous side opening (31). 15. Samenstel (14) volgens conclusie 14, waarbij de ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16) is gevuld met beton waarbij een centrale betonkolom (13) is gevormd die zich uitstrekt door de bouwelementen (7) heen en de ononderbroken doorgaande zijopening (31) is gevuld met beton waarbij een zijbetonkolom (30) is gevormd die zich uitstrekt door de bouwelementen (7) heen.Assembly (14) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the continuous central through-opening (16) is filled with concrete, a central concrete column (13) being formed that extends through the building elements (7) and the continuous through-through side opening (31) is filled with concrete with a side concrete column (30) formed that extends through the building elements (7). 16. Samenstel (14) volgens conclusie 15, waarbij de centrale betonkolom (13) wapening (11) omvat in een langsrichting van de centrale kolom (13), terwijl de zijbetonkolom (30) vrij is van wapening.The assembly (14) of claim 15, wherein the central concrete column (13) comprises reinforcement (11) in a longitudinal direction of the central column (13), while the side concrete column (30) is free of reinforcement. 17. Muur (3, 4, 5) omvattend een of meer bouwelementen (7) of samenstellen (14) van bouwelementen (7) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies.A wall (3, 4, 5) comprising one or more building elements (7) or assemblies (14) of building elements (7) according to one of the preceding claims. 18. Muur (3, 4, 5) volgens conclusie 17, waarbij een buitenoppervlak van de muur is voorzien van een deklaag omvattend een harsmortel of een klei, waarbij de deklaag een dikte van ten hoogste 3 cm, bij voorkeur ten hoogste 2 cm heeft.A wall (3, 4, 5) according to claim 17, wherein an outer surface of the wall is provided with a cover layer comprising a resin mortar or a clay, the cover layer having a thickness of at most 3 cm, preferably at most 2 cm . 19. Muur (3, 4, 5) volgens conclusie 18, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 12 of 13, waarbij de zijbetonkolom (13) is voorzien van een of meer ankers die zich dwars vanaf de betonkolom uitstrekken en verbonden zijn met een of meer lagen pleisterwerk op de deklaag.The wall (3, 4, 5) according to claim 18, when dependent on claim 12 or 13, wherein the side concrete column (13) is provided with one or more anchors extending transversely from the concrete column and connected to one or more layers plaster on the coating. 20. Muur (3, 4, 5) volgens een van de conclusies 17-19, omvattend een raamkozijn (32) , waarbij, wanneer afhankelijk van conclusie 6, een horizontale betonnen steunbalk (33) is gevormd in de groef of het kanaal (28) van het bouwelement (7), waarbij de betonnen steunbalk is aangebracht onder een horizontale onderbalk van het raamkozijn (32) wanneer de groef of het kanaal in het bovenoppervlak van het bouwelement is gevormd, of de steunbalk is aangebracht bovenop een horizontale bovenbalk van het raamkozijn (32) wanneer de groef of het kanaal in het onderoppervlak van het bouwelement is gevormd.A wall (3, 4, 5) according to any of claims 17-19, comprising a window frame (32), wherein, when dependent on claim 6, a horizontal concrete support beam (33) is formed in the groove or channel ( 28) of the structural element (7), wherein the concrete supporting beam is arranged under a horizontal lower beam of the window frame (32) when the groove or channel is formed in the upper surface of the structural element, or the supporting beam is arranged on top of a horizontal upper beam of the window frame (32) when the groove or channel is formed in the lower surface of the building element. 21. Werkwijze voor het construeren van een muur (3, 4, 5) van een gebouw (1) onder gebruikmaking van bouwelementen (7) volgens een van de conclusies 1-13, omvattende de volgende stappen: - het plaatsen van het onderoppervlak (18) van een bouwelement (7) op het bovenoppervlak (17) van een ander bouwelement (7), - het uitlijnen van de centrale doorgaande opening (10) van het ene bouwelement (7) met de doorgaande opening (10) van het andere bouwelement (7), onder vorming van een ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16), en het uitlijnen van de doorgaande zijopening van het ene bouwelement met de doorgaande zijopening van het andere bouwelement, onder vorming van een ononderbroken doorgaande zijopening, - het herhalen van de voorgaande stappen tot de gewenste muurhoogte is bereikt, - het vullen van de ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16) met beton, zodat een centrale betonkolom (13) en een zijbetonkolom (30) worden gevormd.Method for constructing a wall (3, 4, 5) of a building (1) using building elements (7) according to one of claims 1-13, comprising the following steps: - placing the bottom surface ( 18) of a building element (7) on the upper surface (17) of another building element (7), - aligning the central through-opening (10) of one building element (7) with the through-opening (10) of the other building element (7), forming a continuous central through-opening (16), and aligning the continuous side opening of one building element with the continuous side opening of the other building element, forming a continuous continuous side opening, - repeating the previous steps until the desired wall height is reached, - filling the continuous central through-opening (16) with concrete, so that a central concrete column (13) and a side concrete column (30) are formed. 22. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 21, voorts omvattend de stap van het inbrengen van wapening (11) in de ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16) in de langsrichting van de ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16), terwijl de ononderbroken doorgaande zijopening (31) vrij blijft van wapening, vóór het vullen van de ononderbroken centrale doorgaande opening (16) met beton.The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of introducing reinforcement (11) into the uninterrupted central through-opening (16) in the longitudinal direction of the uninterrupted central through-opening (16), while the uninterrupted through-side opening (31) remains of reinforcement, before filling the continuous central through-opening (16) with concrete.
NL2013089A 2014-06-30 2014-06-30 Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building. NL2013089B1 (en)

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PCT/NL2015/050466 WO2016003267A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2015-06-26 Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building
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GB2472068A (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-26 Innovation Ltd Const Wall structure formed from insulating parallelepiped blocks
NL2009796C2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-14 Sarda B V Building element for forming a wall of a building.

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GB2472068A (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-26 Innovation Ltd Const Wall structure formed from insulating parallelepiped blocks
NL2009796C2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-14 Sarda B V Building element for forming a wall of a building.

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