MXPA06013541A - 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions comprising a hydrocarbon and uses thereof. - Google Patents
1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions comprising a hydrocarbon and uses thereof.Info
- Publication number
- MXPA06013541A MXPA06013541A MXPA06013541A MXPA06013541A MXPA06013541A MX PA06013541 A MXPA06013541 A MX PA06013541A MX PA06013541 A MXPA06013541 A MX PA06013541A MX PA06013541 A MXPA06013541 A MX PA06013541A MX PA06013541 A MXPA06013541 A MX PA06013541A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- nonafluoro
- trifluoromethyl
- weight
- pentanone
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N novec 1230 Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 phenanthracenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 47
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- AORMDLNPRGXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(CC)CC AORMDLNPRGXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VLJXXKKOSFGPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylhexane Chemical compound CCCC(C)CC VLJXXKKOSFGPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C(C)C WGECXQBGLLYSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- BZHMBWZPUJHVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylpentane Natural products CC(C)CC(C)C BZHMBWZPUJHVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-alpha-pyrone Natural products C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical class O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005075 thioxanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetone Natural products CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N nitromethane Chemical group [11CH3][N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 4
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002592 cumenyl group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)C(C)C 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)=O ZPVFWPFBNIEHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)CC RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-hexanone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)=O FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFTRQJLVEBNKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCC1CCCC1 IFTRQJLVEBNKJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCC1 CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAJNGDIORYACQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)=O ZAJNGDIORYACQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVQGDYNRXLTQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCC TVQGDYNRXLTQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-3-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CC NGAZZOYFWWSOGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKCYHJWLYTUGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)=O VKCYHJWLYTUGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIFVRUOHKNECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(C)=O CYIFVRUOHKNECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPNGCXABLTQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichlorodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl KHPNGCXABLTQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZSJZODSDLOLEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluorododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(F)(F)F CZSJZODSDLOLEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRKOOHTZZDPJNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluorohexane Chemical compound CCCCCC(F)(F)F XRKOOHTZZDPJNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJLKIAGOYBARJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCCN(C)C1=O RJLKIAGOYBARJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXHVIDNQBMVYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)N(C)C1 YXHVIDNQBMVYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichlorohexane Chemical compound ClCCCCCCCl OVISMSJCKCDOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWNXXQFJBALKAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dipropoxymethoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOC(OCCC)OCCC RWNXXQFJBALKAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKAMCQVGHFRILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorononane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCl RKAMCQVGHFRILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNDHHGUSRIZDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCl CNDHHGUSRIZDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQVBKQCAXKLACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCOCC(C)O MQVBKQCAXKLACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAHPVQDVMLWUAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylhexan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MAHPVQDVMLWUAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-oxapentacyclo[12.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]docosa-1(14),2(11),4,6,8,12,15,17,19,21-decaene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C4OC5=CC=CC=C5CC4=C3C=CC2=C1 VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMXZESMYQNLJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CC(C)(C)C HSMXZESMYQNLJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PQHNRODYYLFLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(chloromethyl)pentane Chemical compound CCC(CC)CCl PQHNRODYYLFLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VXCUURYYWGCLIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC#N VXCUURYYWGCLIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000595548 Homo sapiens TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 102100036073 TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl propionate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC BTMVHUNTONAYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyrophenone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003997 cyclic ketones Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IZSANPWSFUSNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OC1CCCC(O)C1O IZSANPWSFUSNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1CC(O)CC(O)C1 FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYYSHJGOUDJMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1.C1CCCCC1 SYYSHJGOUDJMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- MKJDUHZPLQYUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-4-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CCC MKJDUHZPLQYUCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBZDPWBWBJMYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC#N HBZDPWBWBJMYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanone Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SDAXRHHPNYTELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCC#N SDAXRHHPNYTELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCC#N AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N i-Pr2C2H4i-Pr2 Natural products CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSUUCLLIOSUIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)=O ZSUUCLLIOSUIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylformamide Chemical compound CCCCN(C=O)CCCC NZMAJUHVSZBJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLZZPPHAMDJOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC#N PLZZPPHAMDJOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSIMAPNUZAVQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCC#N YSIMAPNUZAVQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULIAPOFMBCCSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-7-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC ULIAPOFMBCCSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKJHMKQSIBMURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC#N WKJHMKQSIBMURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical group CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC#N SZKKNEOUHLFYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/04—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C49/16—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen
- C07C49/167—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D1/00—Devices using naturally cold air or cold water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon. These compositions are useful in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that employ a centrifugal compressor. Also disclosed herein are azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon.
Description
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS OF 1 # 1, 1, 2, 2,4, 5, 5, 5-NONAFLUORO-4- (TRIF UOROMETI) -3-PENTANONE COMPRISING A HYDROCARBON AND USES THEREOF
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising at least one 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- ( trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK) and at least one hydrocarbon. In addition, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems using a centrifugal compressor comprising at least one hydrofluorocarbon and 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5- nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK). The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat as heat transfer fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The refrigeration industry has been working in recent decades to find substitute refrigerants for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that destroy the ozone layer which are being eliminated as a result of the
REF: 176317
Montreal Protocol. The solution for the majority of refrigerant producers has been the commercialization of refrigerant of hydrocarbons (HFC). The new refrigerants of HFC, HFC-124a are the most widely used at this time, have a zero potential for destruction of the ozone layer and therefore are not affected by the current regulatory elimination as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Additional environmental regulations can eventually result in the global elimination of certain HFC refrigerants as well. Currently, the automobile industry faces regulations regarding the global warming potential for refrigerants used in mobile air conditioning. Therefore, there is a great current need to identify new refrigerants with reduced overall harmful potential for the automotive air conditioning market. Since regulations will be applied more generally in the future, an even greater need is generated by refrigerants that can be used in all areas of the refrigeration and air conditioning industries. Substitution refrigerants currently proposed for HFC-134a include HFC-152a, pure hydrocarbons such as butane or propane, or "natural" refrigerants such as C02 or ammonia. Many of these substitutions
Suggested are toxic, flammable or have very low energy efficiency. Therefore, new alternatives are constantly being sought. The aim of the present invention is to provide novel refrigerant compositions and heat transfer fluids that provide unique characteristics that meet the demands of a lower ozone depletion potential and a lower global warming potential, which are very low or near zero , compared to current refrigerants.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions comprising: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-
pentanone and 3-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-ethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclopentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-heptane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and methylcyclopentane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-pentane. The present invention is further related to the compositions included in the above list specifically for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems that include using a centrifugal compressor. The present invention is further related to the compositions included in the above list specifically for use in refrigeration systems or
The present invention is further related to the compositions listed above specifically for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems utilizing a single pass / single plate heat exchanger. The present invention is further related to azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant compositions. These compositions are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning systems. The compositions are also useful in refrigeration or air conditioning systems utilizing a centrifugal compressor. The present invention is further related to processes for producing cooling, heat and heat transfer from a heat source to a heat sink using the current inventive compositions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Applicants specifically incorporate all of the contents of all the references mentioned in this description. In addition, when a quantity, concentration or other value or parameter is provided either as a range, a preferred range or a list of superior preferable values and preferable values
as a range, a preferred range or a list of higher preferable values and lower preferable values, it is to be understood that all ranges formed from any pair of the upper range or preferred value limit or any lower range limit are specifically described. or preferred value, regardless of whether the intervals are described separately. When a range of numerical values is mentioned herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to specific values mentioned when defining a range. The refrigerant compositions of the present invention comprise 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK) and at least one hydrocarbon. The refrigerant compositions of the present invention may comprise mixtures of hydrocarbons or only one hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons of the present invention comprise compounds containing hydrogen, and carbon. These hydrocarbons may be straight chain, branched chain or cyclic compounds having from about 5 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms.
Preferred hydrocarbons have from 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Table 1 includes representative hydrocarbons of the present invention. Representative compounds that may be constituents of the compositions of the present invention are included in Table 1. TABLE 1
The compounds that are included in Table 1 are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the prior art or as described below. 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone (PEIK) is also commercially available from 3 MR (St. Paul, Minnesota). The compositions of the present invention have a low or no ozone depletion potential and a low global warming potential. For example, hydrocarbons and PEIK, alone or in mixtures, will have lower global warming potentials than many HFC refrigerants currently in use. The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method to combine the desired amounts of the individual components. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and then combine the components in an appropriate container. If desired, agitation can be used. The refrigerant or heat transfer compositions of the present invention include 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and a hydrocarbon which are selected from the group which consists of 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane;
2,3-dimethylpentane; 2-methohexane, 3-methohexane; 2-methylpentane; 3-ethylpentane; 3-methylpentane; cyclohexane; cyclopentane; n-heptane; methylcyclopentane; and n-pentane. The refrigerant or heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be azeotropic or near azeotropic compositions. An azeotropic composition is a liquid mixture of two or more substances that have a constant boiling point which may be above or below the boiling points of the individual components. As such, an azeotropic composition will not fractionate within the refrigeration or air conditioning system during operation, which can reduce the efficiency of the system. Additionally, an azeotropic composition will not be fractionated by leakage from the cooling or air conditioning system. In the situation where a component of a mixture is flammable the fractionation during the leak can lead to
- a flammable composition either inside the system or outside the system. An almost azeotropic composition is a liquid mixture with a substantially constant boiling point of two or more substances that behave essentially as a single substance. One way of characterizing an almost azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it has been evaporated or distilled, that is, the mixture distills / refluxes without substantial change in the composition . Another way to characterize an almost azeotropic composition is that the vapor pressure of the bubble point and the vapor pressure of the condensation point of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same. Herein, a composition is almost azeotropic if, after 50% by weight of the composition has been removed, for example by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining. after 50% by weight of the original composition has been removed is less than about 10%. A list of the azeotropic refrigerant compositions of the present invention is included in Table 2.
TABLE 2
A list of almost azeotropic refrigerant compositions and concentration ranges of the present invention is included in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Compounds (A / B) Almost Azeotropic Concentration Range% by weight of A /% by weight of B
PEIK / 2, 2-dimethylbutane 52-89 / 48-11 PEIK / 2, 3-dimethylbutane 60-92 / 40-8 PEIK / 2, 3-dimethylpentane 71-99 / 29-1 PEIK / 2 -methylhexane 70-99 / 30-1
PEIK / 3 -methylhexane 71-99 / 29-1 PEIK / 2 -methylpentane 60-93 / 40-7 PEIK / 3-ethylpentane 72-99 / 28-1
PEIK / 3 -methylpentane 62-95 / 38-5
PEIK / cyclohexane 68-99 / 32-1
PEIK / cyclopentane 51-92 / 49-8
PEIK / n-heptane 72-99 / 27-1
PEIK / methylcyclopentane 65-99 / 35-1
PEIK / n-pentane 42-84 / 58-16
The compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight of a stabilizer, a free radical scavenger or antioxidants. Such additives include, but are not limited to, nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites or lactones. Single or combined additives can be used.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight of a water scavenger (dryer compound). Such water scavengers may comprise orthoesters such as trimethyl, triethyl or tripropyl orthoformate. The compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise an ultraviolet (UV) dye and optionally a solubilizing agent. UV dye is a useful component for detecting leakage of the refrigerant composition by allowing one to observe the fluorescence of the dye in the composition of refrigerant fluid or heat transfer at the point of leakage or in the vicinity of the refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus. One can observe the fluorescence of the dye under an ultraviolet light. Solubilizing agents may be needed due to the poor solubility of said UV dyes in some refrigerants. By "ultraviolet" dye is meant a UV fluorescent composition that absorbs light in the "near" ultraviolet or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fluorescence produced by the UV fluorescent dye under illumination by a UV light that emits radiation with a wavelength anywhere from 10 nanometers to 750 nanometers can be detected. For the
both, if the refrigerant has said UV fluorescent dye and it leaks from a given point in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, the fluorescence can be detected at the vanishing point. Such UV fluorescent dyes include, but are not limited to, naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, and derivatives or combinations thereof. The solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, fluoroethers and 1,1, 1 -trifluoroalkanes. The hydrocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise hydrocarbons including straight chain, branched chain or cyclic alkanes or alkenes containing 5 or fewer carbon atoms and only hydrogen without other functional groups. Representative hydrocarbon solubilizing agents comprise propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane and n-pentane. It should be noted that if the refrigerant is a hydrocarbon, the solubilizing agent may not be the same hydrocarbon. And it should be noted that the refrigerant compositions containing hydrocarbon
they may not need a solubilizing agent, since the refrigerant may well be very soluble with the UV fluorescent material. The hydrocarbon ether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ethers that contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen such as dimethyl ether.
(DME). The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents of the present invention are represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) xOR3] and, wherein: x is an integer of 1-3; and is an integer of 1-4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon free radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 of said hydrocarbon radical; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units (urn). Here, the polyoxy-alkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents represented by: R1 [(OR2) X0R3] and; x preferably is 1-2; and preferably it is 1; R1 and R3 are preferably independently selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbon-aliphatic radicals having 1 to
4 carbon atoms; R2 is preferably selected from hydrocarbylene-aliphatic radicals having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms; the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether molecular weight is preferably from about 100 to about 250 urn, preferably from about 125 to 250 urn. The hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 having 1 to 6 carbon atoms can be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative hydrocarbon radicals R1 and R3 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tertbutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. When the free hydroxyl radicals in the present polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents can be incompatible with certain building materials of compression refrigeration apparatuses (for example Mylar ™), R1 and R3 are preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom. The aliphatic hydrocarbylene R2 radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms form repeated oxyalkylene radicals - (OR2) x- which include oxyethylene radicals, oxypropylene radicals and oxybutylene radicals. The oxyalkylene radical comprising R2 in a molecule of polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agent may be the same, or a molecule may contain groups
R2 oxyalkylene. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents present preferably comprise at least one oxypropylene radical. When R1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites, the radical may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing two binding sites include, for example, an ethylene radical, a propylene radical, a butylene radical, a pentylene radical, a hexylene radical, a cycloprenylene radical and a cyclohexylene radical. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 3 or 4 binding sites include residues derived from polyalcohols such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, by removing their hydroxyl radicals. Representative polyoxyalkylene glycol ether solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: CH3OCH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or CH3) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH30 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or CH3) (dipropylene glycol methyl ( or dimethyl) ether, CH30 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or CH3) (tripropy-glycolmethyl (or dimethyl) ether), C2H50CH2CH (CH3) 0 (H or C2H5) (propylene glycollethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H50 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 2 (H or C2H5) (dipropylene glycollethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H50 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or C2H5) (tripropylene glycollethyl (or
diethyl ether), C3H7OCH2 [CH3) O (H or C3H7) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H70 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 2 (H or C3H7)
(dipropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether),
C3H70 [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or C3H7) (tripropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C4H9OCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H90 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 2 (H or C4H9) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), C4H90 [CH2CH (CH3) O] 3 (H or C4H9)
(tripropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether),
(CH3) 3COCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol butyl ether), (CH3) 3CO [CH2CH (CH3) 0] (H or (CH3) 3) (dipropylene glycol butyl (or diterbutyl), (CH3) 3CO [CH2CH (CH3) 0] 3 (H or (CH3) 3)
(tripropyleneglycolterbutyl (or diterbutyl) ether),
C5HnOCH2CH (CH3) OH (propylene glycol n-pentylether),
C4H9OCH2CH (C2H5) OH (butylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H90 [CH2CH (C2H5) 0] 2H (dibutylene glycol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n-butyl ether (C2H5C (CH20 (CH2) 3CH3) 3) and trimethylolpropane di-n -butyl ether (C2H5C (CH20C (CH2) 3CH3) 2CH2OH). The amide solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the formulas RxCONR2R3 and cyclo- [R4C0N (R5) -], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight of about 100 to
approximately 300 units of atomic mass. The molecular weight of the amides is preferably from about 160 to about 250 urn. Optionally, R1, R2, R3 and R5 may include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing substituents other than hydrocarbons which are selected from halogens (for example fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (for example methoxy). Optionally, R1, R2, R3 and R5 may include hydrocarbon radicals substituted with heteroatom, ie, radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen (oxa) or sulfur (thia) atoms in the radical chain constituted of another way of carbon atoms. In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably a maximum of one will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R 1"3, and the presence of any of the substituents in different hydrocarbons and heteroatoms should be considered when apply the molecular weight limitations mentioned above The preferred amide solubilizing agents consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen The representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R1, R2, R3 and R5 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, terbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their isomers
configurational A preferred embodiment of amide solubilizing agents are those wherein R 4 in the above-mentioned formula cyclo- [R 4 CN 0 (R 5) -] can be represented by the hydrocarbylene radical (CR 6 R 7) n / in other words, the formula: cyclo- [(CR 6 R 7 ) nC0N (R5) -] where: the values previously established for the molecular weight are applied; n is an integer from 3 to 5; R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R6 and R7 are independently selected (for each n) by the previously offered rules defining R1"3. In the lactams represented by the formula: cyclo- [(CR6R7) nC0N (R5) -], the totality of R6 and R7 preferably they are hydrogen or contain a single saturated hydrocarbon radical between n methylene units, and R 5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms, for example 1- (saturated hydrocarbon radical) -5-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones. Representative amide solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: l-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-decylpyrrolidin-2-one, l-octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butylcaprolactam, l-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2- Ona, l-butyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, l-pentyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one,
1-hexylcaprolactam, l-hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one,
-methyl-l-pentylpiperid-2-one, 1,3-dimethylpiperid-2-one, 1-methylcaprolactam, l-butylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1,5-dimethylpiperid-2-one, l-decyl-5- methylpyrrolidin-2-one,
l-dodecylpyrrolid-2-one, N, N-dibutylformamide and N, N-diisopropylacetamide. The ketone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ketones represented by the formula R 1 COR 2, wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the ketones have a weight molecular from about 70 to about 300 urn. R1 and R2 in said ketones are preferably independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of said ketones is preferably about 100 to 200 urn. R1 and R2 together can form a hydrocarbylene radical connected and forming a cyclic ketone ring of five, six or seven members, for example, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone. Optionally, R1 and R2 may include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, ie, radicals containing different substituents of hydrocarbon which are selected from halogens (for example fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (for example methoxy). R1 and R2 may optionally include heteroatom substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen (keto, oxa) or sulfur (thia) atoms in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms .
In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents, and preferably a maximum of 1 will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R1 and R2 and the presence of any of said different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents should be considered when applying the Molecular weight limitations mentioned above. The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl radicals R1 and R2 represented in the general formula R1C0R2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl. , nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative ketone solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, butyrophenone, hexanophenone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2-octanone , 3-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, 4-ethylcyclohexanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 4-decanone, 2-decalone, 2-tridecanone, dihexylketone and dicyclohexyl ketone. The nitrile solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise nitriles represented by the formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals
aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 urn. R1 in said nitrile solubilizing agents are preferably selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the nitrile solubilizing agents is preferably from about 120 to about 140 urn. R1 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, i.e., radicals containing different hydrocarbon substituents that are selected from halogens
(for example fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (for example methoxy).
Optionally, R1 may include heteroatom substituted hydrocarbon radicals, ie, radicals which contain the nitrogen (aza), oxygen (keto, oxa) or sulfur (thia) atoms in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms . In general, a maximum of three different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents, and preferably a maximum of one will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in R1, and the presence of any of said different hydrocarbon and heteroatom substituents should be considered when applying The molecular weight limitations mentioned above. The aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl R1 radicals represented in the general formula R1CN include pentyl,
isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl. Representative nitrile solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: 1-cyanopentane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, 1-cyanohexane, 1-cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane, 2-cyanooctane, 1-cyanononane, 1-cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane, 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane. The chlorocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, wherein; x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 urn. The molecular weight of the chlorocarbon solubilizing agents is preferably about 120 to 150 urn. Representative aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals R in the general formula RC1X include: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, terpentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl , undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers. The chlorocarbon solubilizing agents
Representative include, but are not limited to: 3- (chloromethyl) pentane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1-chloroheptane, 1-chloroctane, 1-chlorononane, 1-chlorodecane and 1, 1, 1-trichlorodecane. The ester solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise esters represented by the general formula R ^ O.R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl radicals. The preferred esters consist essentially of the elements C, H and O, have a molecular weight of about 80 to about 550 urn. Representative esters include, but are not limited to (CH3) 2CHCH2OOC (CH.) 2_ "OCOCH2CH (CH3) 2 (dibasic diisobutyl ester), ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, n-butyl propionate, n-propionate propyl, ethyl benzoate, di-n-propyl phthalate, benzoic acid ethoxyethyl ester, dipropyl carbonate, "Exxate 700" (a commercial 7-carbon alkyl acetate), "Exxate 800" (an alkyl acetate) of 8 commercial carbon atoms), dibutyl phthalate and terbutyl acetate. The lactone solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise lactones represented by structures [A], [B] and [C]:
These lactones contain the functional group -C02- in a ring of six (A) or preferably five (B) atoms, where, for structures [A] and [B], R-. R8 is independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each Ri to R8 can be connected by forming a ring with another Rx to R8. The lactone may have an exocyclic alkylidene group as in structure [C], wherein Rx to R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each Ri to R6 can be connected by forming a ring with another Rx to R6. The lactone solubilizing agents have a molecular weight range of from about 80 to about 300 amu, from about 80 to about 200 amu are preferred. Representative lactone solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to, the compounds included in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Lactone solubilizing agents generally have a kinematic viscosity of less than about 7 centistokes at 40 ° C. For example, "-undecalactone has a kinematic viscosity of 5.4 centistokes and c s- (3-hexyl-5-methyl) dihydrofuran-2-one has a viscosity of 4.5 centistokes, both at 40 ° C. Lactone solubilizing agents may be commercially available or may be prepared by methods as described in the U.S. Patent Application. 10 / 910,495 (the inventors are: P. J. Fagan and C. J. Brandenburg), filed August 3, 2004, incorporated herein by reference. The aryl ether solubilizing agents of the present invention further comprise aryl ethers represented by the formula R 1 or R 2, wherein: R 1 is selected from hydrocarbaryl radicals having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having
1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 amu. Representative R1 aryl radicals in the general formula R10R2 include phenyl, biphenyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. Representative aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals R 2 in the general formula R 10 R 2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl and tertbutyl. Representative aromatic ether solubilizing agents include but are not limited to: methylphenyl ether (anisole), 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, ethylphenyl ether and butylphenyl ether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise those represented by the general formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear and saturated alkyl radicals . Representative fluoroether solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: C8H? 7OCF2CF2H and C6OCF2CF2H. It should be noted that the refrigerant is a fluoride, then the solubilizing agent may not be the same fluoroether. The fluoroether solubilizing agents may further comprise ethers lacking fluoroolefins and polyols. The fluoroolefins can be of the type CF2 = CXY, in
where X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, and Y is chlorine, fluorine, CF3 or 0Rf, where Rf is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7. Representative fluoroolefins are tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and perfluoromethylvinylether. The polyols can be of the HOCH2CRR '(CH2) z (CH0H) xCH2 (CH20H) type and wherein R and R' are hydrogen or CH3 or C2H5 and where x is an integer of 0-4, and is a whole number from 0-3 and z is zero or 1. Representative polyols are trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, butanediol and ethylene glycol. The solubilizing agents 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkane of the present invention comprise 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the general formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary linear saturated alkyl radicals. Representative 1,1,1-trifluoroalkane solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to 1,1,1-trifluorohexane and 1,1,1-trifluorododecane. The solubilizing agents of the present invention may be present as a single compound or may be present as a mixture of more than one solubilizing agent. Mixtures of solubilizing agents may contain two solubilizing agents of the same class of compounds, for example two lactones or two solubilizing agents of two.
different classes, such as a lactone and a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether. The present compositions comprise a refrigerant and a UV fluorescent dye, from about 0.001% by weight to about 1.0 percent by weight of the composition is UV dye, preferably from about 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, and more preferable from 0.01% by weight to approximately 0.25% by weight. The solubility of these UV fluorescent dyes in the refrigerants may be poor. Therefore, the methods for introducing these dyes into the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus have been problematic, expensive and time-consuming. The patent of E.U.A. No. RE 36,951 describes a method which uses a dye powder, a solid pellet or suspension of the colorant that can be inserted into the component of the refrigerating apparatus or air conditioner. As the coolant and lubricant are circulated through the apparatus, the colorant dissolves or disperses and is transported through the apparatus. Many other methods for introducing dye into the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus are described in the literature. Ideally, the UV fluorescence dye
it can be dissolved in the refrigerant itself so that no specialized method is required for introduction to the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. The present invention relates to compositions that include a UV fluorescent dye, which can be introduced into the refrigerant system. The compositions of the present invention will allow the storage and transport of the colorant-containing refrigerant even at low temperatures while maintaining the colorant in solution. In the present compositions comprising refrigerant, UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, from about 1 to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 2 to about 25% by weight and more preferably from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the combined composition is a solubilizing agent in the refrigerant. In the compositions of the present invention, the UV fluorescent dye is present in a concentration of about 0.001% by weight to about 1.0% by weight in the refrigerant, preferably from 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, and more preferable from 0.01% by weight to approximately 0.25% by weight. Optionally, commonly used refrigeration system additives can be added, depending on
It is desired, to the compositions of the present invention in order to improve the operation and stability of the system. These additives are known within the refrigeration field and include, but are not limited to, antiwear agents, extreme pressure lubricants, correction and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers and foam control agents. In general, these additives are present in the compositions of the invention in small amounts in relation to the general composition. Typically, concentrations of less than about 0.1% by weight to about 3% by weight of each additive are used. These additives are selected based on the individual system requirements. These additives include members of the triaryl phosphate family of EP (extreme pressure) lubricity additives, such as butylated triphenyl phosphates (BTPP) or other alkylated triaryl phosphate esters, for example Syn-0-Ad 8478 from Akzo Chemicals, tricresyl phosphates and related compounds. Additionally, metal dialkyl dithiophosphates (eg zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (or ZDDP), Lubrizol 1375 and other members of this family of chemicals can be used in compositions of the present invention.) Other antiwear additives include natural products oil and lubrication additives
polyhydroxy-symmetric such as Synergol TMS (International Lubricants). Similarly, stabilizers such as antioxidants, free radical scavengers and water scavengers can be used. The compounds in this category may include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and epoxides. Solubilizing agents such as ketones can have an objectionable odor, which can be masked by the addition of an odor masking or fragrance agent. Typical examples of agents for masking odors or fragrances may include Evergreen, fresh lemon, cherry, cinnamon, peppermint, floral, orange peel, commercially available as well as d-limonene and pinene. Such odor masking agents can be used at concentrations from about 0.001% to as much as about 15% by weight based on the combined weight of the odor masking agent and the solubilizing agent. The present invention further relates to a method of using fluid refrigerant or heat transfer compositions further comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye and optionally a solubilizing agent, in a refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus. The method comprises introducing the refrigerant or the fluid composition
of heat transfer in the cooling or air conditioning apparatus. This can be done by dissolving the UV fluorescent dye in the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in the presence of a solubilizing agent and introducing the combination into the apparatus. Alternatively, this may be accomplished by combining the solubilizing agent and the UV fluorescent dye and introducing said combination into the refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus containing the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid. The resulting composition can be used in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. The present invention relates additionally to a method of using the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions, comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye for detecting leaks. The presence of the colorant in the compositions allows detection of the leakage refrigerant in the refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus. Leak detection helps to correct, resolve or prevent inefficient operation of the device or system or equipment failure. Leak detection also helps contain chemicals used in the operation of the device. The method comprises providing the composition comprising refrigerant, ultraviolet fluorescent dye
- as described herein and optionally, a solubilizing agent as described herein, for a refrigeration and air conditioning apparatus and a suitable means is used to detect the refrigerant containing UV fluorescent dye. The suitable means for detecting the colorant includes, but is not limited to, an ultraviolet lamp, often referred to as "black light" or "blue light". Such ultraviolet lamps are commercially available from numerous sources designed specifically for this purpose. Once the composition containing ultraviolet fluorescent dye has been introduced into the cooling or air conditioning apparatus and allowed to circulate through the system, a leakage by brightness of the ultraviolet lamp can be found in the apparatus and by observing the Fluorescence of the dye in the vicinity of any vanishing point. The present invention is further related to a method for using the compositions of the present invention to produce refrigeration or heat, wherein the method comprises producing refrigeration by evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing the composition.; or producing heat by condensing the composition in the vicinity of the body to be heated and subsequently evaporating said composition.
Mechanical refrigeration is primarily a thermodynamic application wherein the cooling medium, such as a refrigerant, advances through a cycle so that it can be recovered for reuse. Commonly used cycles include vapor compression, absorption, steam jet or steam and air expeller. Steam compression refrigeration systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion device. A vapor compression cycle reuses refrigerant in multiple stages producing a cooling effect in one stage and a heating effect in a different stage. The cycle can be described simply as follows. The liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator through an expansion device and the liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator at a low temperature to form a gas and produce cooling. The low pressure gas enters a compressor where the gas is compressed to increase its pressure and temperature. The gaseous refrigerant with higher pressure (compressed) then enters the condenser in which the refrigerant condenses and discharges its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the higher pressure level in the condenser to a lower pressure level in the evaporator and in this way the cycle is repeated.
There are several types of compressors that can be used in refrigeration applications. The compressors can generally be classified as reciprocating, rotating, jet, centrifugal, displacement, spiral compressor, helical or axial flow, depending on the mechanical means to compress the fluid or positive displacement (eg reciprocating, spiral or helical) ) or dynamic (for example, centrifugal jet) depending on how the mechanical elements act on the fluid to be compressed. Either positive displacement or dynamic compressors can be used in the method of the present invention. A centrifugal type compressor is the preferred equipment for the current refrigerant compositions. A centrifugal compressor uses rotating elements to accelerate the refrigerant radially and typically includes an impeller and a diffuser housed in a cover. Centrifugal compressors usually take fluid in a driving eye, or a central inlet of a circulating impeller and accelerate it radially outward. There is some increase in static pressure in the impeller, but most of the pressure increase occurs in the diffuser section of the cover, where the speed is converted to static pressure. Each set of
impeller-diffuser is a stage of the compressor. Centrifugal compressors with 1 to 12 or more stages are built, depending on the desired final pressure and the volume of refrigerant to be handled. The pressure ratio, or compression ratio of a compressor, is the ratio of absolute discharge pressure to absolute input pressure. The pressure supplied by a centrifugal compressor is practically constant over a relatively wide range of capacities. Positive displacement compressors pull steam into a chamber and the chamber decreases in volume to compress the vapor. After it is compressed, the steam is driven from the chamber to further decrease the volume of the chamber to zero or almost zero. A positive displacement compressor can accumulate a pressure, which is limited only by the volumetric efficiency and the resistance of the parts to resist pressure. Unlike a positive displacement compressor, a centrifugal compressor completely depends on the centrifugal force of the high-speed impeller to compress the steam that passes through the impeller. There is no positive displacement but rather what is called dynamic compression. The pressure that a compressor can develop
4 - . 4 - Centrifugal depends on the tip speed of the impeller. The tip speed is the speed of the impeller measured at the tip and is related to the diameter of the impeller and its revolutions per minute. The capacity of the centrifugal compressor is determined by the size of the passages through the impeller. This makes the size of the compressor depend more on the required pressure than on the capacity. Due to its high-speed operation, a centrifugal compressor is primarily a low-pressure, high-volume machine. A centrifugal compressor works best with a low pressure refrigerant, such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) or 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113). Large centrifugal compressors typically operate from 3,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). Small turbine centrifugal compressors are designed for high speeds, from approximately 40,000 to approximately 70,000 rpm and have small drive sizes, typically less than 0.15 meters. A multi-stage impeller can be used in a centrifugal compressor to improve compressor efficiency and thus requires less energy when used. For a two-stage system, in operation, the discharge of the impeller from the first stage advances to the suction inlet of a second impeller. Both boosters can
be operated by the use of a single axis (or arrow). Each stage can accumulate in a compression ratio of approximately 4 to 1; that is, the absolute discharge pressure can be four times the absolute suction pressure. An example of a two-stage centrifugal compressor system, in this case for automotive applications, is described in document E.U.A. 5,065,990, incorporated herein by reference. The compositions of the present invention suitable for use in refrigeration or air-conditioning systems using a centrifugal compressor consisting of at least one of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5- nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-
pentanone and 3-ethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclopentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-heptane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and methylcyclopentane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-pentane; The compositions included in the above list are also suitable for use in a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, preferably a two-stage centrifugal compressor apparatus. The compositions of the present invention can be used in stationary air conditioning, heat pumps or in mobile air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Stationary air conditioning and heat pump applications include ductless, conduit, packaged, chiller, and commercial window terminals that include those that are placed in the roof packaged. The applications of
refrigeration include domestic or home refrigerators and freezers, ice makers, self-contained chillers and freezers, portable chillers and freezers, and transport refrigeration systems. The compositions of the present invention can additionally be used in air conditioning systems, heating and cooling using fin and tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers and a single vertical or horizontal passage tube or plate type heat exchangers. Conventional microchannel heat exchangers may not be ideal for the low pressure refrigerant compositions of the present invention. Low operating pressure and density result in high flow rates and high frictional losses in all components. In these cases the design of the evaporator can be modified. Instead of several microchannel plates being connected in series (with respect to the refrigerant path), a single-pass / single-pass heat exchanger distribution can be used. Therefore, a preferred heat exchanger for the low pressure refrigerants of the present invention is a single plate / pass heat exchanger
only. In addition to the two-stage compressor systems, the following compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in refrigeration or air conditioning systems using a single plate / single pass heat exchanger: 1,1,1,2,2 , 4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-dimethylbutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-ethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -3-
pentanone and cyclopentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-heptane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and methylcyclopentane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-pentane; The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful in small turbine centrifugal compressors, which can be used in automotive and window air conditioning or heat pumps as well as in other applications. These high efficiency miniature centrifugal compressors can be driven by an electric motor and therefore can be operated independently of the motor speed. A constant compressor speed allows the system to provide a relatively constant cooling capacity at any engine speed. This provides an opportunity to improve in efficiency, especially at higher engine speeds compared to a conventional R-134a automobile air-conditioning system. When considering the operation of conventional system cycles at high driving speeds, the advantage of these low pressure systems becomes even greater.
Some of the low pressure refrigerant fluids of the present invention may be suitable as substitutions in case of decomposition for CFC-113 in existing centrifugal equipment. The present invention relates to a process for making refrigeration, which comprises evaporating the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and subsequently condensing said compositions. The present invention is further related to a process for producing heat, which comprises condensing the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and subsequently evaporating said compositions. The present invention is further related to a process for heat transfer from a heat source to a heat sink wherein the compositions of the present invention serve as heat transfer fluids. Said method for heat transfer comprises transferring the compositions of the present invention from a heat source to a heat sink. Heat transfer fluids are used to transfer, move or extract heat from a space, place, object or body to a space, place, object or body
different, by radiation, driving or conviction. A heat transfer fluid can function as a secondary refrigerant by providing a means for transferring for cooling (or heating) a remote cooling (or heating) system. In some systems, the heat transfer fluid may remain in a constant state through the transfer procedure (i.e., it does not evaporate or condensate). Alternatively, the evaporative cooling processes can also use heat transfer fluids. A heat source can be defined as any space, place, object or body from which it is desirable to transfer, move or eliminate heat. Examples of heat sources can be spaces (open or closed) that require cooling or cooling, such as cabinets of a refrigerator or freezer in a supermarket, construction spaces that require air conditioning or the passenger compartment of a car that requires air conditioning. A heat sink can be defined, any space, place, object or body capable of absorbing heat. A vapor compression refrigeration system is an example of such a heat sink.
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EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1 IMPACT OF THE STEAM LEAK A container with an initial composition at the specified temperature is charged, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition is allowed to escape from the container, while keeping the temperature constant, until 50% by weight of the initial composition has been removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the container is measured. The results are summarized in table 5 below. TABLE 5
Compounds Psia kPA Psia kPa after Differential
% Initial Start weight after 50% of P%
A /% by weight B 50% leak leakage PEIK / 2, 2-dimethylbutane (34.1 ° C) 75.0 / 25.0 14.67 101.15 14.67 101 .15 0.0%
90/10 14.31 98.66 12.57 86. 67 12.2% 89/11 14.39 99.22 13.08 90. 18 9.1% 60/40 14.62 100.80 14.45 99. 63 1.2% 52/48 14.57 100.46 13.17 90. 80 9.6% 51/49 14.56 100.39 12.56 86. 60 13.7% 0/100 8.65 59.64 8.65 59. 64 0.0% 100/0 8.52 58.74 8.52 58. .74 0.0%
PEIK / 2, 3-dimethylbutane (37.2 'C) 81.4 / 18.6 14.72 101.49 14.72 101 .49 0.0%
90/10 14.60 100.66 14.05 96. .87 3.8% 93/7 14.39 99.22 12.46 85. .91 13.4% 92/8 14.48 99.84 13.17 90. .80 9.0% 100/0 9/59 66.12 9.59 66. .12 0.0% 60/40 14.62 100.80 13.54 93, .36 7.4% 59/41 14.61 100.73 13.05 89. .98 10.7% 0/100 7.25 49.99 7.25 49. .99 0.0%
PEIK / 2, 3 -dimethylpent: ano (46.7"aC) 93.8 / 6.2 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0%
99/1 14.11 97.29 13.83 95.36 2.0%
100/0 13.57 93.56 13.57 93.56 0.0%
80/20 14.40 99.29 14.11 97.29 2.0%
70/30 14.23 98.11 12.67 87.36 11.0%
71/29 14.24 98.18 13.11 90.39 7.9%
0/100 3.39 23.37 3.39 23.37 0.0%
PEIK / 2 -methylhexane (| 46.4 ° C) 93.2 / 6.8 14.70 101.35 14.70 101.35 0.0%
99/1 14.02 96.67 13.69 94.39 2.4%
100/0 13.43 92.60 13.43 92.60 0.0%
80/20 14.44 99.56 14.17 97.70 1.9%
70/30 14.28 98.46 12.95 89.29 9.3%
69/31 14.26 98.32 12.38 85.36 13.2
0/100 3.56 24.55 3.56 24.55 0.0%
PEIK / 3 -methylhexane 1 [46.7 ° C) 93.8 / 6.2 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0%
99/1 14.11 97.29 13.84 95.42 1.9%
100/0 13.57 93.56 13.57 93.56 0.0%
80/20 14.39 99.22 14.10 97.22 2.0%
70/30 14.22 98.04 12.61 86.94 11.3%
71/29 14.24 98.18 13.07 90.12 8.2%
0/100 3.37 23.24 3.37 23.24 0.0%
PEIK / 2-methylpentane (39.5 ° C) 82.4 / 17.6 14.70 101.35 14.70 101.35 0.0%
90/10 14.56 110.39 14.15 97.56 2.8%
94/6 14.14 97.49 12.64 87.15 10.6
93/7 14.29 98.53 13.14 90.60 0.0% 100/0 10.46 72.12 10.46 72.12 0.0% 60/40 14.51 100.04 13.32 91.84 8.2% 59/41 14.50 99.97 12.86 88.67 11.3% 0/100 7.21 49.71 7.21 49.71 0.0%
PEIK / 3-ethylpentane (48.2 ° C) 96.2 / 3.8 14.68 101.22 14.68 101.22 0.0%
99/1 14.52 100.11 14.48 99.84 0.3% 100/0 14.31 98.66 14.31 98.66 0.0% 80/20 14.02 96.67 13.48 92.94 3.9% 73/27 13.80 95.15 12.80 88.25 7.2% 72/28 13.77 94.94 12.57 86.67 8.7% 71/29 13.74 94.73 12.24 84.39 10.9% 0/100 3.11 21.44 3.11 21.44 0.0%
PEIK / 3 -methylpentane (40.7 ° C) 84.2 / 15.8 14.70 101.35 14.70 101.35 0.0%
90/10 14.61 100.73 14.37 99.08 1.6% 95/5 14.07 97.01 12.68 87.43 9.9% 96/4 13.81 95.22 12.18 83.98 11.8% 100/0 10.93 75.36 10.93 75.36 0.0% 62/38 14.49 99.91 13.37 92.18 7.7% 61/39 14.47 99.77 12.94 89.22 10.6% 0/100 7.54 51.99 7.54 51.99 0.0%
PEIK / cyclohexane (46.5 ° C) 92.4 / 7.6 14.67 101.15 14.67 101.15 0.0%
99/1 13.93 96.04 13.75 94.80 1.3% 100/0 13.48 92.94 13.48 92.94 0.0% 80/20 14.32 98.73 13.94 96.11 2.7% 70/30 14.03 96.73 13.17 90.80 6.1% 68/32 13.98 96.39 12.70 87.56 9.2%
67/33 13.95 96.18 12.19 84.05 12.6% 0/100 4.91 33.85 4.91 33. 85 0.0% PEIK / cyclopentane (36.8 ° C) 75.7 / 24.3 14.69 101.28 14.69 101.28 0.0% 90/10 14.15 97.56 13.17 90. 80 6.9% 92/8 13.84 95.42 12.45 85. 84 10.0% 60/40 14.57 100.46 14.33 98. 80 1.6% 51/49 14.47 99.77 13.11 90. 39 9.4% 50/50 14.46 99.70 12.57 86. 67 13.1% 0/100 9.57 65.98 9.57 65. 98 0.0% 100/0 9.45 65.16 9.45 65. 16 0.0%
PEIK / n-heptane (48.0 ° C) 96.4 / 3.6 14.67 101.15 14.67 101 .15 0.0%
99/1 14.50 99.97 14.42 99., 42 0.6% 100/0 14.21 97.98 14.21 97. .98 0.0% 80/20 14.14 97.49 13.71 94. .53 3.0% 72/28 13.98 96.39 12.02 82. .88 14.0% 73 / 27 13.99 96.46 12.62 87. .01 9.8% 0/100 2.52 17.37 2.52 17. .37 0.0%
PEIK / ethylcyclopentane (44.7 ° C) 88.9 / 11.1 14.72 101.49 14.72 101 .49 0.0%
95/5 14.44 99.56 14.13 97. .42 2.1%
99/1 13.30 91.70 12.92 89, .08 2.9% 100/0 12.64 87.15 12.64 87, .15 0.0% 80/20 14.57 100.46 14.37 99, .08 1.4% 70/30 14.34 98.87 13.84 95 .42 3.5% 65/35 14.24 98.18 13.16 90.74 7.6% 64/46 14.22 98.04 12.74 87.84 10.4% 0/100 5.87 40.47 5.87 40.47 0.0%
PEIK / n-pentane (26.6 ° C) 64.3 / 35.7 14.72 101.49 14.72 101.49 0.0% 80/20 14.58 100.53 14.08 97.08 3.4% 85/15 14.37 99.08 12.85 88.60 10.6 84/16 14.43 99.49 13.20 91.01 8.5% 42/58 14.65 101.01 14.46 99.70 1.3% 41/59 14.65 101.01 12.96 89.36 11.5% 0/100 10.91 75.22 10.91 75.22 0.0%
The results show the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition that remains after 50% by weight has been extracted, which is less than about 10% by weight for compositions of the present invention. This indicates that the compositions of the present invention are azeotropic or near azeotropic. When an azeotrope is present, the data shows compositions of the present invention having an initial vapor pressure greater than the vapor pressure of any of the pure components.
EXAMPLE 2 TIP SPEED TO DEVELOP PRESSURE The tip speed can be calculated by making certain fundamental relationships for refrigeration equipment using centrifugal compressors. The moment
torsion of an impeller ideally imparts to a gas, and is defined as T = m * (v2 * r2-v? * r?) Equation 1 where T is = torque, N * mm = mass flow, kg / s v2 = tangential speed of the impeller leaving the coolant (tip speed), m / s r2 = output impeller radius, m vi = tangential speed of the impeller entering the coolant, m / s rx = input radius of the impeller, m Assuming that the coolant enters the impeller in an essentially radial direction, the tangential component of the velocity of vi = 0 therefore T = m * v2 * r2 Equation 2 The power required on the shaft is the product of the moment of torsion and rotation speed P = T * w Equation 3 where P = power, ww = rotation speed, rez / s therefore, P = t * w = m * v2 * r2 * w Equation 4 At flow rates of low coolant, the speed of
- the tip of the impeller and the tangential velocity of the coolant are almost identical; therefore, r2 * w = v2 Equation 5 and P = m * v2 * v2 Equation 6 Another expression for the ideal power is the product of the mass flow and the isentropic compression work, P = m * H * (lOOOJ / kJ) Equation 7 where Hj = difference in the enthalpy of the refrigerant from saturated steam to evaporation conditions with respect to saturated condensation conditions, kj / kg. Combining the two expressions, equations 6 and 7, produces: v2 * v2 = 1000 * Hj Equation 8 Although Equation 8 is based on certain fundamental assumptions, it provides a good calculation of the tip speed of the impeller and provides an important way to compare the tip speeds of the refrigerants. Table 6 below shows the theoretical peak rates that are calculated for 1,2,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) and the compositions of the present invention. The supposed conditions for this
- comparison are: Evaporator temperature 4.4 ° C (40.0 ° F) Condenser temperature 43.3 ° C (110.0 ° F) Liquid subcooling temperature 5.5 ° C (10.0 ° F) Return gas temperature 23.8 ° C (75.0 ° F) ) Compressor efficiency is 70% These are typical conditions under which small turbine centrifugal compressors work. TABLE 6
The example shows that the compounds of the present invention have tip speeds within about +/- 15% CFC-113 and can be effective substitutes for CFC-113 with minimal changes in the design of the compressor. EXAMPLE 3 OPERATING DATA Table 7 shows the operation of various refrigerants compared to CFC-113. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporator temperature 4.4 ° C (40.0 ° F) Condenser temperature 43.3 ° C (110.0 ° F)
Subcooling temperature 5.5 ° C (10.0 ° F) Compressor efficiency is 70%
TABLE 7
The data shows the compositions of the present invention having evaporator and condenser pressures similar to CFC-113. Some compositions also have a
higher capacity or energy efficiency (COP) compared to CFC-113. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.
Claims (18)
- CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A composition, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-dimethylbutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylbutane, 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylhexane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5 , 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and
- 2-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-ethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-
- 3 - pentanone and cyclopentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-
- 4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-heptane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,
- 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and methylcyclopentane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-pentane. 2. A refrigerant or a heat transfer fluid composition suitable for use in a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that it uses: (i) a centrifugal compressor, or (ii) a multi-stage centrifugal compressor, or (iii) a single plate / single pass heat exchanger, the composition is selected from the group consisting of: 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,2-dimethylbutane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylbutane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2,3-dimethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 2-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylhexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3- pentanone and 2-methylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-ethylpentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3-methylpentane, • 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5 , 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclohexane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and cyclopentane; 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-heptanejr 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5 -nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and methylcyclopentane; and 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and n-pentane. 3. An azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic composition, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: about 52% to about 89% by weight of 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4 - (trifluoromethyl) -3-penta-none and about 48% to about 11% by weight of 2,2-dimethylbutane; about 60% to about 92% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentane-none and about 40% to about 8% in weight of 2,3-dimethylbutane; about 71 to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 29% to about 1% by weight of 2 , 3-dimethylpentane; about 70% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 30% to about 1% by weight of 2-methylhexane; about 71% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 29% to about 1% by weight of 3-methylhexane; about 60% to about 93% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-penta-none and about 40% to about 7% in 2-methylpentane weight; about 72% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentane-none and about 28% to about 1% in 3-ethylpentane weight; about 62% to about 95% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 38% to about 5% by weight of 3-methylpentane; about 68% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 32% to about 1% by weight of cyclohexane; about 51% to about 92% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 49% to about 8% by weight of cyclopentane; about 73% to about 99% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-penta-none and about 27% to about 1% in n-heptane weight; about 65% to about 99% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentane-none and about 35% to about 1% by weight weight of methylcyclopentane; and about 42% to about 84% by weight of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and about 58% to about 16% by weight of n-pentane. 4. An azeotropic composition characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: 75.0% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 25.0% by weight of 2,2-dimethylbutane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 34.1 ° C; 81.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 18.6% by weight of 2,3-dimethylbutane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 37.2 ° C; 93.8% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 6.2% by weight of 2,3-dimethylpentane having a pressure of steam of approximately 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.7 ° C; 93.2% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 6.8% by weight of 2-methylhexane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.4 ° C; 93.8% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 6.2% by weight of 3-methylhexane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.7 ° C; 82.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 17.6% by weight of 2-methylpentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 39.5 ° C; 96. 2% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3.8% by weight of 3-ethylpentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 48.2 ° C; 84.2% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 15.8% by weight of 3-methylpentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 40.7 ° C; 92.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 7.6% by weight of cyclohexane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 46.5 ° C; 75.7% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 24.3% by weight of cyclopentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 36.8 ° C; 96.4% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 3.6% by weight of n-heptane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 48.0 ° C; 88.9% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 11.1% by weight of methylcyclopentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 44.7 ° C; 64.3% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -3-pentanone and 35.7% by weight of n-pentane having a vapor pressure of about 101 kPa (14.7 psia) at a temperature of about 26.6 ° C. A process for producing refrigeration, characterized in that it comprises evaporating the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4, in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing said composition. 6. A method for producing heat, characterized in that it comprises condensing the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and subsequently evaporating said composition. 7. A method for transferring heat, characterized in that it comprises transferring the composition according to claim 2, 3 or 4 from the vicinity of a heat source to a heat sink. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that it also comprises at least one ultraviolet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of the coloring and combinations thereof. The composition according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it further comprises at least one fluorescent, ultraviolet dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalamides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxethenes, fluoresceins. , dye derivatives and combinations thereof. The composition according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, hydrofluoroethers and 1, 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes; and wherein the refrigerant and solubilizing agent are not the same compound. 11. The composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the solubilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula R1 [(OR2) xOR3] y, wherein: x is an integer of 1 to 3; and is an integer from 1 to 4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and binding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen, aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is selected from hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; b) amides represented by the formulas R1CONR2R3 and cyclo- [R4CON (R5) -], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and at most an aromatic radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R 4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 'to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; c) ketones represented by the formula R1C0R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units; d) nitriles represented by the formula R1CN, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, alicyclic or aryl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms and wherein the nitriles have a molecular weight of about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units. e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RC1X, wherein x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units; f) aryl ethers represented by the formula R 10 R 2, wherein: R 1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ethers have a molecular weight of about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units; g) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; i) fluoroethers represented by the formula R10CF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or - wherein the fluoroethers are derived from fluoro-olefins and polyols, wherein the fluoro-olefins are of the CF2 = CXY type, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluorine, and Y is chloro, fluoro, CF3 or 0Rf, wherein Rf is CF3, C2F5 or C3F7; and the polyols are of the HOCH2CRR '(CH2) z (CHOH) xCH2 (CH2OH) type and, where R and R' are hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5 / x is an integer of 0-4, and is an integer of 0-3 and z is zero or 1; and j) lactones represented by structures [B], [C] and [D]: wherein Ri to R8 are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and k) esters represented by the general formula R1C02R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated alkyl and aryl radicals; and wherein the esters have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units. 12. A method for producing refrigeration or air conditioning, characterized in that it comprises: introducing the composition according to claim 10 into a compression apparatus for cooling or air conditioning, by: (i) dissolving the ultraviolet fluorescent dye in the refrigerant composition or the heat transfer fluid in the presence of the solubilizing agent, and introducing the combination into the refrigeration or air conditioning compression apparatus, or (ii) combining the solubilizing agent and the UV fluorescent dye and introducing the combination into the compression apparatus of cooling or air conditioning and contains the refrigerant and / or the heat transfer fluid. 13. A method for detecting a leak in or in the vicinity of a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: providing a composition according to claim 8 to 10 in the apparatus, and providing a suitable means to detect the composition at the vanishing point or in the vicinity of the apparatus. A method for producing refrigeration, characterized in that it comprises: evaporating the composition according to claim 10 in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and subsequently condensing the composition. A method for producing heat, characterized in that it comprises: condensing the composition according to claim 10 in the vicinity of a body to be heated and subsequently evaporating the composition. 16. The composition according to claim 2 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises a stabilizer, water remover or an agent for masking the odor. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites and lactones. 18. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the water scavenger is an orthoester.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57503704P | 2004-05-26 | 2004-05-26 | |
| US11/063,040 US7074343B2 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-02-22 | 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions comprising a hydrocarbon and uses thereof |
| PCT/US2005/018887 WO2005119144A2 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-25 | 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions comprising a hydrocarbon and uses thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MXPA06013541A true MXPA06013541A (en) | 2007-01-26 |
Family
ID=35463510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MXPA06013541A MXPA06013541A (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2005-05-25 | 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone refrigerant compositions comprising a hydrocarbon and uses thereof. |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1751246A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008500438A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20070015595A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR050666A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005250880A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0510922A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2564170A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA06013541A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20066034L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005119144A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008027516A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Lactones for fluoroolefins |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OA12032A (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2006-04-28 | Refrigerant Products Ltd | CFC 12 replacement refrigerant. |
| US6423673B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2002-07-23 | 3M Innovation Properties Company | Azeotrope-like compositions and their use |
-
2005
- 2005-05-25 KR KR1020067024694A patent/KR20070015595A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-25 WO PCT/US2005/018887 patent/WO2005119144A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-25 BR BRPI0510922-1A patent/BRPI0510922A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-25 EP EP05756046A patent/EP1751246A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-25 JP JP2007515435A patent/JP2008500438A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-25 CA CA002564170A patent/CA2564170A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-25 AU AU2005250880A patent/AU2005250880A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-25 MX MXPA06013541A patent/MXPA06013541A/en unknown
- 2005-05-26 AR ARP050102166A patent/AR050666A1/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-12-27 NO NO20066034A patent/NO20066034L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20066034L (en) | 2007-02-19 |
| JP2008500438A (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| WO2005119144A3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| CA2564170A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| AU2005250880A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| WO2005119144A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| AR050666A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| KR20070015595A (en) | 2007-02-05 |
| EP1751246A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
| BRPI0510922A (en) | 2007-12-26 |
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