MXPA05004364A - Film for protecting surfaces using a non-woven structure and/or a buffer polymer, for reducing damages caused by the impact of objects projected in free fall and/or collision - Google Patents

Abstract

Described herein is a film for protecting surfaces of different compositions, which includes a non-woven structure and/or a buffer polymer, an optional backing film having a flat or embossed profile having a different geometry and dimensions useful for allowing fluids retained between the protected surface and an adhesive or an adhesive-free fastening system to be released. The backing film section or the non-woven structure and/or buffer polymer section includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive useful to attach said section to the protected surface. A polyurethane, melamine or cellulose foam is optionally introduced between the non-woven structure and the backing film, these two latter elements being formed from a synthetic composition such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, or from a natural composition such as cellulose and derivatives thereof;combinations of the aforementioned compounds are also considered. The invention further reduces damages caused by objects p rojected in free fall, said objects causing damages involving high reparation or reposition costs due to their composition or geometry. The formed structure is useful for reducing the speed of the object in motion, and dissipating the energy thereof, thereby reducing the impact effect. The inventive film is particularly useful for automobile surfaces, which may be damaged during handling, transportation and storage.

Description

SURFACE PROTECTION FILM USING A NON-STOCK AND / OR DAMPING POLYMER, TO REDUCE THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE IMPACT OF PROJECTED OBJECTS, IN FREE FALL AND / OR IN COLLISION.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a surface-protective adhesive film having a portion made with a three-dimensional non-woven and / or a buffering polymer, for the protection of surfaces. More particularly, the invention relates to a folio used for the protection of surfaces that uses a three-dimensional non-woven product and / or a polymer with damping properties, which is placed on a plastic film, using an adhesive related to said materials. It is also related to the use of pressure sensitive adhesives, such as acrylics and natural or synthetic rubber or combinations of them, using gumming systems that favor the placement of a thin layer of adhesive and that is able to be removed cleanly from the surface protected.

BACKGROUND The non-woven products and adhesive films are fully known.

Non-woven networks comprise three-dimensional, open, high-fiber structures attached to one another at their mutual contact points that are used extensively in the manufacture of abrasive articles for cleaning, scraping, finishing and polishing applications of any of a variety of surfaces. Example of such non-woven articles are those described in the U.S. patent US2,958,593 to Hoover e. to the. Such nonwoven webs comprise an appropriate fiber such as nylon, polyester, mixtures thereof and the like which are capable of withstanding temperatures at which impregnating resins and wrapping adhesives are typically cured. The fibers of the network are normally ductilized and folded but can also be continuous filaments formed by an extrusion process such as that described in US Pat. No. 4,227,350 to Fitzer, for example. Non-woven nets are easily formed in conventional equipment such as a "Rando Webber" machine.

Abrasive fibers with a single type of abrasive material on one or both of their faces are well known in the art, the best known example being the Scotchbrite fiber from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, which are nylon or polyester fibers covered by a layer of phenolic resin or latex containing a mineral or polymer plastic powder as an abrasive element. These products also include those manufactured through a system of needles or hooks ("stitching" and "leedle tac ing"), such as those marketed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, under the trade name of "Thinsulate" ®.

The bonding material of the non-woven fibers can be incorporated into the article of this invention, for example, by adding a backing or adhering it within the three-dimensional matrix. As an example, in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 2,958,593, the manufacture of non-woven articles is described by spraying a relatively dilute sludge comprising a solution of binder and organic solvent.

The spray coating techniques exemplified by Hoover et al, have generally fallen into disuse, and today the use of roll coating techniques to apply water-based resin / abrasive sludge has taken off. As the operating characteristics of non-abrasive abrasive articles become more demanding, the resin / abrasive coatings employed in the manufacture of abrasive articles and methods for the application of such coatings have continued to evolve.

Polymers with damping properties have been used for a long time in the manufacture of automotive parts, office and home furniture, footwear, orthopedic medical articles, among others. Among the compounds for such applications are natural and synthetic rubbers (butadiene, styrene, isoprene, butyl derivatives, neoprene), acrylics of the isobutyl acrylate derivatives, isooctyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, polyurethanes, polyester, polyether and its derivatives, polyethylene and mixtures thereof. These compounds maintain a structure which includes viscoelastic properties that can be adjusted for film processing, emulsions, foams, gels or plates. The structure of the polymer is able to use the energy of a projected object or in free fall, to momentarily or permanently modify its shape. This effect allows the energy transmitted in the movement of the object to be reduced before completing its path through the structure of the polymer. In the present invention, the presence of a buffering polymer causes the energy of the moving object to be distributed in the molecules of the former so that it is reduced before touching the protected surface.

Adhesive films used as surface protection have already been used in various applications where it is required to minimize damage to materials such as steel, acrylic, glass, paints applied on aluminum, among others. Commercially on the market are different versions of foils or protective tapes that include in its construction a polyolefin polymer backing and combinations of adhesives that include acrylics, synthetic rubbers, silicone adhesives, combinations of these and others where adhesion is regulated with different types of polymers.

In the application of protection of pieces of polished pieces, aluminum, steel or coated with paint or wax, such as those used in the automotive or furniture industry, companies such as Polymask and Kanzai have a variety of products that keep the covered surfaces. In the same way, Tesa and Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. have developed surface protection products that show different sizes and measures for the protection of articles of different nature. Other brands on the market incorporate different levels of adhesion strength on the protected surfaces, so that it is always covered by the folio or protective tape, which reduces the flow of air or fluids in the section that forms the adhesive and the protected surface. Within this same type of products are those offered by the companies RCC GmbH, Sika Werke GMBH, among others. In the state of the art, channels are described where air or liquids can flow in the section forming the adhesive and the protected surface. Among them is the one mentioned in the patent JP200221905 and WO200211985 where an adhesive is described with channels that allow the elimination of entrapped air at the time of placing the folio.

Other versions of products for decorative purposes include engraved adhesives or channels, through which air trapped between the adhesive and the supporting surface is removed. Among these products are those described in the international application WO200069985. The existence of microscopic channels in the adhesive of different composition is also used for sealing films that are placed in windows, doors, lights for the ceiling and other items of construction of apartments or houses. The trapped air, as mentioned in the aforementioned patents, manages to escape through the channels ensuring a uniform seal between the adhesive and the main joining surface. Many of the structural applications such as the construction of buildings or house have introduced the use of tapes or sheets that have adhesives with channels or engraving. This causes the air to mainly flow out of the section forming the adhesive and the treated surface. In a variant of this type of products, there are liners or products such as the ControlTack line from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. or those referred to in patent DE4042441 where a backing surface holds an adhesive that when placed by different methods of coating, take the geometry of the backrest. In this way, when removing the support, the adhesive remains with the engraving when it is placed on the surfaces to be joined without the presence of air. A variant for films with engraving represents the one described by Horiki et. to the. in Japanese Patent JP88U144545 which also includes an elastic feature.

Most applications where a folio or protective tape is included focus on temporary protection through a plastic film of different thickness and that sometimes has a cushioning effect due to the plastic material of which it is made and the thickness same, elimination of the air that is trapped when placing an adhesive, a tape or a folio. The same applications indicate that the mentioned products remain for a period of up to four months adhered to the bonding surface. This happens in cases where the protection of the surfaces is not required beyond the time in which the final products will be displayed., or stored before moving on to another productive process. Very few alternatives involve a flat support film or plastic or other type of engraving that involves the combination of natural or synthetic components, including an additional material on one of its faces to cushion the impact force of projected objects or objects. in free fall, and also having a pressure sensitive adhesive, for example, on one of the faces of the support film and which can follow the geometry of the latter or have an engraving transmitted by a film or roll previously worked to own the aforementioned engraving. There is a reference to a masking product made of a panel of plastic foams that expands during practical use. This product seeks to protect a surface so that it can not be damaged, for a short time. In this case the use of expandable foam makes it suitable for masking protected surfaces, and its price is more supported by the type of finish sought. Masking applications are typical of coating surfaces with paints, lacquers, waxes or during treatment with abrasive material. The patent that describes this type of product is EP207720. A masking and elastic product is also described in patent DE68901332. This product however, requires a cost and benefit analysis, in order to conclude its use by consumers seeking a quick application and easy removal later.

In all the aforementioned cases mention is made of adhesives of different composition, preferably of the pressure sensitive type (PSA or pressure sensitive adhesives.) These adhesives manage to maintain on the protected surface, the polyolefin film or other composition, without peeling off. In the same way, the uniform and flat application of the adhesive ensures a permanent contact with the protected surface.

The presence of a flat profile in the adhesive causes a permanent contact thereof with the surface so that there is no air or vapor flow in the area formed by both. In the case of the products referred to in the patents of the state of the art and products marketed, the incorporation of microscopic channels in the adhesive allows the elimination of air when placing the product on the surface. However, these channels are usually not large and permanent enough to allow water or other liquids to escape. The same happens with water vapor and organic vapors, which are condensed again on the protected surface, causing defects such as stains or dirt. Additionally, during the handling of the protected surfaces or their transportation, as in the plastic parts of the bodies of cars, furniture or mechanical industrial equipment, the contact with dust or earth causes the channels to become clogged with the liquid retained, worsening the previous defects. The same happens when you want to protect surfaces of other materials such as steel, aluminum, bronze, glass, etc.

The defects seen can be eliminated with simple procedures, but still represent additional work that falls on customers who use this type of film, tape or protective film. The worst case includes the reaction of water or any other organic liquid with the adhesive, causing its transfer to the protected surface.

The present invention offers an alternative for cases where it is desired to protect delicate pieces such as plastic, metal or any other composition and where the protection extends further to the reduction of damage caused by moving objects towards the surface of interest. Plastic films have their protective effect mainly to the thickness and chemical composition, which have limitations when evaluated with objects such as stones, hail, nuts, clay, abrasive dust, in addition to when evaluated in the cost aspect and ease of removal .

The combination of the structures of non-woven, cushioning polymer and supporting film, the geometry in any of the previous two, the dimensions and amount of adhesive to be placed on the surfaces to be protected, create a new product that adds the advantages of reduce the incidence of defects in materials of different composition, caused by objects projected, moving or free fall on the surface of the materials of interest, in addition to the condensation and retention of impurities between the adhesive and the surface of the pieces. Pressure sensitive adhesives are placed throughout the profile of the backing film or product support, and that is maintained for the time in which consumers seek protection and then remove it without generating additional damage. In the transport of products, articles or pieces of delicate nature characterized by fragile materials, coated or painted, the incidence of incidents that cause damage by projected objects or in freefall such as stones, branches of trees or shrubs, abrasive dust, sand , clay, hail among others, is common when uncovered transportation is used. This type of incident is also observed when the protected items are stored in open spaces or in places where the objects that are damaged are feasible to be found. An alternative of the invention is the use of additional systems for placing the protective article on the desired surfaces. Among these methods are additional adhesive tapes disposed on the article of the invention or mechanical fastening systems such as elastic bands, belts, fasteners, fasteners, mechanical fastening systems such as those supplied by the Velero® (Dupont) and Hook &; Loop® (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company), as well as any other where the location of the article presented here is based by means other than an adhesive. The presence of damage by moving objects causes the additional work of conditioning within the quality characteristics or in the worst case, the rejection and disposal of the articles of interest. The existence of a product that manages to protect from major damage to protected surfaces, such as facías or other plastic or metal parts of automobiles, body of household appliances, window glass, among others, eliminating the problems arising from the presence of objects in motion, projected or in free fall, would allow the reduction of defects seen in their handling, transport or storage.

These problems have been overcome with the present invention.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention, an adhesive film for protecting surfaces of materials of different composition, constructed with a structure of nonwoven and / or a buffering polymer, and a backing film which has a flat adhesive on one of their faces, or alternatively having the face where the adhesive is an etching of different geometry or the same adhesive an engraving promoted by a film or roller with the desired geometry.

It is another object of the invention that the protective film can be used in heavy-duty operations or on delicate surfaces, with the single selection of the most suitable face of the non-woven structure, of the cushioning polymer or of the backing film, in order to avoid the damage produced by projected objects or in freefall, on delicate, fragile surfaces or with coverings that need to remain intact throughout their useful life.

The present invention offers various alternatives of construction designs of a protective adhesive film, presented as a tape or folio, in order to reduce the defects caused by condensation of vapors or gases, as well as the retention of water or other liquids, while the integrity of the protected surface is maintained and the protective film is removed without additional damage.

It is another object of the invention that the protective film can be placed by means other than an adhesive, on the surface to be protected, being complementary to the adhesive placed according to the initial design or as a unique alternative to keep the film on the surface for as long as you want.

It is another object of the invention to present methods of placing the adhesive on the film or backing of the invention, which contribute to achieving the effect of eliminating gases, vapors and liquids throughout the time in which the product of the present invention is used. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide methods of manufacturing the non-woven structure and the backing film, as well as the joining of the two to function as surface protectors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the protective film of the present invention, wherein the dimensions A 'and B' indicate the thickness of the sections that compose it. Figure 2 shows the alternative for the present invention, where the dimensions A to D indicate the dimensions of the sections that comprise it, with tolerances of ± 1 mm. Figure 3 shows the sections of the present invention wherein the upper portion, a ', is formed by a non-woven structure, the middle portion, b', is formed by a film of variable composition, and a lower portion, c ', constituted by an adhesive of different composition. Figure 4 shows the different geometries and distributions of the engraving in the film or backing of the present invention. These examples in forms 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g are not limiting and may include other geometries that construct a final product similar to that of the invention. Figure 5 shows the main thicknesses in the film or backing used: the total thickness of the film or backing (H) and the thickness of the base thereof (h). Figure 6 shows the angle (i) that the engraving may have on the film or backing. Figure 7 shows a diagram of the finished protective adhesive film, consisting of an adhesive top layer (ii), a bottom layer of adhesive (iii) and an engraved film or backing (iv). Figure 8 shows an example of the geometry in a film or backing with engraving, and the distance (v) that exists between them to obtain channels.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a film for surface protection, having a network of non-woven polymer fibers of the type of polyamide, polyester, polyethylene or high-tenacity polypropylene, of low tenacity or recycled, covered by a binding agent that keeps them interconnected and adhered such as a phenolic resinous adhesive or latex type, and / or having a cushioning polymer structure made of materials such as neoprene, butadiene, styrene, isoprene, polyurethane, polyether, polyester, melamine, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose, or combinations thereof.

The nonwoven web used in the present invention can be prepared by any of the techniques that are well known in the art, as well as the application of resins or bonding resins on each side of the network it can be achieved by well-known methods, however, the use of the method described by Maldonado in the patent application MX010268 is preferred in order to ensure a more uniform distribution of the particles. Likewise, the film of the present invention also considers the non-woven structures obtained from the extrusion of fibers on a plastic backing film with adhesive, or the placement of non-woven fibers on a freshly extruded film and which allows the joining of the first fibers. when cooling and hardening. Among the methods for manufacturing the film of the present invention, there are spun bonding systems, stitching, needle binding ("needle tacking") melt blown and thermobonding.

Additionally, other methods useful for the manufacture of this product of the invention involve the technologies of fibers coated with adhesives that are activated by heat, or films with adhesives that are activated by the same factor.

The absorbing polymer can be placed in the form of a film obtained by extrusion by die or balloon, calendered or formed by smooth or engraved rolls.

It is also placed in the form of atomized emulsion in the form of small particles, on the non-woven structure or directly on the backing film. An alternative is the formation of plates in the form of bands which are added with adhesive of the pressure sensitive type or with a backing film containing this adhesive. In the same way, it is another alternative to build a foam or gel with the buffering polymer so that trapped air or the included solids participate in the distribution of the energy transmitted by the projected object or in free fall.

Current products offer limited protection to the nature and thickness of the backing film, which becomes insufficient when the protection is against an object thrown at high speed or in free fall, and which has a high density or weight. The product of the present invention offers two performances in one piece, achieving convenience and practicality in the protection of surfaces.

The presented invention is formed in its part of the backup film by: a. A film of synthetic or natural composition. b. An adhesive c. A primary or Corona treatment. d. A non-stick compound e. As an alternative, a fastening system on the protective surface, other than the adhesive to function as a complement or as a unique means to keep the protective film in its position for the desired time.

In all cases, the chemical composition can be varied depending on the final application where the product is intended to be used. In the case of the film or backing, the material should allow the formation of an engraving on its surface in case of possessing it. In this way, one side of the film or backing remains with a convex surface, while the other remains concave (negative-positive impression). An additional option is that the surface is produced without a negative-positive impression, but it constitutes a distribution of more material in certain areas where the engraving is formed, leaving a flat base of the film or backing. Many methods have been described to produce the engravings in films of different composition. Of these, several are already marketed in international markets, which makes it accessible to get one's own for the desired application. Among the commercial materials are polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, among others. It is also possible to create new designs, constituting a selective design option for the final application. There are companies such as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., which have workshops where different engraving training mechanisms are designed in different materials. The present invention involves placing a thin layer of adhesive on the surface of the backing film that is bonded to the non-woven fiber structure. Different formulations of adhesives are susceptible to be chosen, which will also define the way in which the adhesion will be built on the protected surface. Considering composition and geometry of the engraving in the backing film, the force with which the product is kept on the protected surface will vary making it more or less difficult to detach it. In both cases, it is necessary to ensure that no adhesive residues remain on the protected surface, since this constitutes an additional defect to which it is intended to resolve. A larger or smaller contact surface given by the geometry of the engraving will be complemented by a greater instantaneous or permanent adhesion of the adhesive. Both characteristics combine to allow adequate protection of the desired surface. In order to improve the stability of the position of the protective film it is possible to use a means other than adhesive to complement it or to be used as a unique means of securing when the protected surface is not compatible with an adhesive or when it is attempted minimize contact with the surface. Among these options are additional adhesive tapes disposed on the article of the invention or mechanical fastening systems such as elastic bands, springs and hooks, belts, fasteners, fasteners, mechanical fastening systems such as those supplied by the Velero® (Dupont) versions and Hook &; Loop® (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company), bags or bags formed with the compositions described in the present invention, among others. Formulations with molecules known as ionomers are also susceptible for use in the construction of the article of the invention, in any of its components. The ionomers as the products derived from the polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid which maintain a static electric charge which allows its fixation and stability on the surface to be protected.

To keep the adhesive on the film or backing, it is sometimes necessary to place a Corona or a primary treatment, in order to improve the interaction between the film or the backing itself and the adhesive. The theory of the functioning of the corona treatment and the primary has been widely studied and is known by those in the art. Many equipment and formulations are used in the manufacture of products such as labels, adhesive tapes, protective sheets, medical tapes, among others. The product of the present invention also includes on the other side of the film or backing, an anti-adhesion compound that prevents bonding or loss of adhesiveness of the adhesive. This non-stick compound has a diverse composition and is preferably for this invention, of the type of silicone or silicone and urea compounds. The placement of the adhesive on the engraving of the film or backing is capable of being carried out by the known processes for making tapes or adhesive sheets. Among the known processes are those that use systems of melting of an adhesive without organic solvent, and those that have application systems of adhesives dissolved in organic solvents (toluene, heptane, ethyl acetate), or water. In all cases, the operating conditions for adhesive placement will require consideration of the nature of the film or backing, and of the adhesive. It is important to note that for those known in the art the use of any current system or to be created that involves the elementary principle of placing a thin layer on an engraving, constitutes a derivation of the present invention. The geometry and distribution of the engraving on the backing film are fundamental to estimate the amount of adhesive that is intended to be placed. In the same way, the angle and distance of the geometric figures of the engraving serve to establish the thickness of the adhesive to be placed. An angle constructed from the flat base of the film or backrest indicates the slope by which the adhesive can move when placed, while the distance between the figures allows knowing the size of the channels or conduits through which the gases will flow, vapors or liquids. The composition of the adhesive, in terms of chemical nature and concentration, is an important parameter also to know the behavior of the same when placed on the film or backing and then during the use of the product. The adhesive should preferably have a uniform distribution of particles of its components. In this way the adhesive is allowed to form a thin and uniform layer on the backing film. Adhesives with particle sizes (including agglomerates that can be built), less than the thickness of the layer that is intended to be placed on the film or backing, are normally suitable for purposes of this invention. The manufacture of the product of the present invention includes, but does not limit in its description or sequence: 1. Application of Corona or primary treatment on one side of the film or backing. 2. Application of a non-stick compound on the other side of the selected film or backing. 3. Heat drying of the first and the non-stick, in ovens or other drying equipment. 4. Place a thin layer of adhesive on the surface of the film or backing. 5. Removal of the solvent present in the adhesive or cooling of the melted adhesive. 6. Rolling the film in a master roll.

In the market are currently versions of protective tapes or sheets that have a flat surface on the side of the adhesive, which does not allow the flow of gases, vapors or liquids when placed on a surface to be protected. This causes that defects are generated by recondensation or retention of dirt or dust, which causes defects in surfaces of different materials. The consequences of these defects are represented by additional work to recondition the protected surfaces and even the arrangement of the piece where the defect is located. The present invention may include an engraving on the backing film, so that the above problem is reduced.

The existence of an adhesive film with engraving allows to offer an alternative that reduces the aforementioned defects. The product of the present invention constitutes an alternative of this type wherein additionally, a protection of the surfaces against mechanical agents that cause scratches or scratches is offered, as well as clean removal when the utility has finished.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention consists of a non-woven structure attached to a backing film, as shown in Figure 1. In the construction, the thicknesses corresponding to each section of the product have a variable thickness. The dimensions of the nonwoven and / or cushioning polymer structure, A ', can vary between 0.5 and 100 millimeters, preferably between 10 and 50 millimeters; the thickness of the backing film, B ', can be between 0.0005 and 0.01 inches (0.0127 and 0.254 millimeters), preferably 0.001 inches An alternative to this construction is the incorporation of a foam, plate, film or gel of polyurethane, polyester, polyethylene, polyether, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, acrylic, melamine, cellulose or combinations of all of them on the protected surface or on the backing film. This alternative is shown in Figure 2. The thickness of each of the layers shown as A, B, C and D may vary depending on the level of protection desired. Also, the density of the structure of the absorbing polymer can vary according to this fact, being between 20 and 70 g / m3, preferably between 40 and 60 g / m3. The basic structure of the invention consisting of three components, non-woven, cushioning polymer and backing film, establishes a barrier for objects that are directed towards the protected surface. This is demonstrated in Figure 3, where the section a 'represents the non-woven structure, the section b' represents the backing film and the section C, represents the backing film with adhesive or the adhesive only to hold the protection film on the surface of interest. The thickness of the section c 'can vary between 0.0127 and 0.254 millimeters, considering the combination of backing film and adhesive or only the latter. An alternative to figure 3 is that the order of sections a, b and c vary in order to achieve the desired protection.

The non-woven structure can additionally stop the movement of the object or change its direction. The reverse arrangement wherein the upper layer constitutes the film is the first section in contact with the moving object, also forming part of the present invention. In the latter case, the non-woven structure is in contact with the surface to be protected since it has the adhesive that holds it on said surface. An additional film can also be included on the non-woven structure, so that the adhesive is placed on one of its faces and with it adheres to the surface to be protected. It also includes the option in which the foam described in Figure 2 is the last portion in contact with the surface to be protected. A net for use with the present invention preferably comprises an open non-woven network of fibers that have preferably been joined to each other at their points of mutual contact by a cured pre-adhesion resin. Alternatively, the network may comprise meltable, bicomponent fibers wherein the fibers are covered core or face-to-face configuration and which have been heated to the melting point of at least one component of the fibers to cause fusion bond between the fibers in their fibers. contact points. Suitable fusion fusion fibers include those described by Heyes et. al in U.S. Patent 5,082,720. It is also preferred to use non-wovens formed by the extrusion of polyolefin fibers such as polyamide, polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene which are subjected to roller pressure to form a film with the fusion and bonding of the individual fibers. Examples of these non-woven fabrics are those marketed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Dupont, Georgia-Pacific Company and BBA Nonwovens.

The abrasive particles are arranged in distribution preferably along the fibers so that the particles are distributed in a substantially uniform manner along the fibers and without hiding the fibers in the agglomerated resin. The nonwoven web suitable for use in the articles of the invention can be made from an air support, carding, knitting, twisting, wet weaving or melting construction. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the non-woven network is a high-open, three-dimensional air-support non-woven substrate, as described by Hoover et al in US Pat. No. 2,958,593.

Alternatively, the non-woven web used herein may be a low density non-woven article formed of a multiplicity of pleated filaments (e.g., thermoplastic filaments) wherein a termination of substantially all of the filaments is joined together to the first attachment point and a second termination of substantially all of the filaments are joined together to the second binding site with an unbonded portion of the filament order between the first and the second binding site, as described in the Patents 4,991,562 and 5,025,596 both of Heyer et al. to the.

The preferable non-woven network comprises a first major network surface, a second larger network surface and a middle network portion extending between the first and second major network surface. The net is made of a suitable synthetic fiber able to withstand the temperatures at which impregnated resins and binder adhesives are cured without deterioration. Fibers suitable for use in the articles of the invention include natural and synthetic fibers and mixtures thereof; Synthetic fibers preferably include those made of polyester (for example polyethylene terephthalate), polyamide of high or low tenacity (for example hexamethylene adipamide, polycaprolactam), polypropylene, acrylic (formed from an acrylonitrile polymer), rayon, acetate cellulose, vinyl chloride-polyvinylidene copolymers, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers and others. Suitable natural fibers include those of cotton, wool, jute and hemp.

The fiber material can be a homogeneous fiber or a composite fiber, such as a bi-component fiber (for example a co-woven heart-covered fiber). It is also within the scope of the invention to provide an article comprising different fibers in different portions of the network (for example the first portion of the network, the second portion of the network and the middle portion of the network). The fibers of the network are preferably ductile and folded but can also be continuous filaments formed by an extrusion process as described in US Pat. No. 4,227,350 by Fitzer, as well as the continuous fibers described by the aforementioned patents 4,991,562 and 5,025,596 by Heyer. et al.

If the non-woven web is of the type described by Hoover et al mentioned above, the fibers that can be used satisfactorily in the non-woven network are in the range of between about 20 and about 110 millimeters and preferably between about 40 and about 65 millimeters in length and have a fineness or linear density range from about 1.5 to about 500 denier and preferably from about 15 to about 110 denier. It is contemplated that mixed denier fibers can be used in the manufacture of a nonwoven web for the purpose of obtaining a particular surface finish; the use of larger fibers is also contemplated.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited by the nature of the fibers employed or by their respective lengths, linear densities and the like.

The nonwoven web is easily formed in a "Rando Webber" machine (Rando Machine Company, New York) or by other conventional processes. If a non-woven type twisted material is used, the filaments can be of substantially larger diameter, for example, 2 millimeters or more in diameter. Useful nonwoven webs preferably have a weight per unit area of at least about 50 g / m2, and preferably between 50 and 200 g / m2, more still between 75 and 150 g / m2. Minor amounts of fiber within the non-woven network provide articles that may be suitable in some applications but with lower fiber weights may have shorter commercial lifetimes. The above fiber weights typically provide a web before weaving or impregnation having a thickness of about 5 to about 300 millimeters, typically between 6 and 15 millimeters, and preferably between 10 and 30 millimeters.

The nonwoven web can optionally be reinforced and consolidated by a needle seam. The amount or degree of sewing per needle may include the use of approximately 8 to approximately 20 needle penetrations per square centimeter of net surface when using needles 15x18x25x3.5 RB, F20, 6-32-5.5 B / 3B / 2E / L90 (from Foster Needle Company, Mannitowoc, Wis.). Sewing by needle is easily accomplished by the use of a conventional needle loom of, for example, Dilo, Inc. De Charlotte, N.C.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to the selection of one reinforced web over another, and it is contemplated that the invention may include any type of material that in any case has the required properties set forth herein.

The pre-adhesion resin, when used to bond network fibers together at their mutual points of contact, preferably comprises a resinous coating adhesive, similar or identical to the resin used for the coating precursor described below. Preferably, the preadhesive is composed of thermoset water-based phenolic resin. The pre-adhesive is applied to the net in a relatively lightweight coating, typically providing a dry added weight within a wide range from about 20 to 200g / m2 for phenolic pre-adhesion resins applied to the non-woven network having a weight of fiber within the previous ranges. Polyurethane resins can also be used in the same way as other resins and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the selection and amount of resin applied can depend on any of a variety of factors including, for example, fiber weight in the non-network. woven, the density of fiber, the type of fiber as well as the final use contemplated for the finished article.

The nonwoven web is first subjected to a coating in which the first adhesive or coating precursor is applied to the network. The coating may comprise any suitable coating known in the art, such as spray coating, roll coating, drip coating, knife-on-roll coating, or the like. When the preferred foamed coating precursor described below is applied, the preferred coating comprises a double rolling coating with the network passing through the space formed by the two opposed rolls. Such coatings are well known in the art and do not need to be described here.

Other suitable configurations for applying the foamed coating precursor to the network include, but are not limited to: applying the coating precursor with a slot die to the lower roll or both rolls of a double roll coater; applying the coating precursor with a slot nozzle directly to the network prior to entry through the space of the double roller coater; applying the coating precursor with a slot die without a roll coater and optionally by applying vacuum through the network opposite the slot die; apply the coating precursor on both sides of the network with opposite slot nozzles with or without the subsequent passage of the network through the roller coater, and apply the coating precursor with a hose or cross-duct through the network.

The suitable coating precursor is a hardenable, recoverable adhesive binder, and may comprise one or more thermoplastics or, preferably, resinous thermoset adhesives. Resin adhesives suitable for use in the present invention include phenolic resins, aminoplast resins having pendant α, β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, urethane resins, epoxy resins, ethylenically unsaturated resins, acrylated isocyanurate resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, isocyanurate resins, acrylated urethane resins, acrylated epoxy resins, bismaleimide resins, modified fluorene epoxy resins and combinations thereof. Catalysts and / or curing agents may be added to the binding precursor to initiate and / or accelerate the polymerization process.

Examples of ethylenically unsaturated adhesive precursors include aminoplast monomers or oligomers having pendant alpha, beta unsaturated carbonyl groups, ethylenically unsaturated monomers or oligomers, acrylated isocyanurate monomers, acrylated urethane oligomers, acrylated epoxy monomers or oligomers, ethylenically unsaturated monomers or diluents, dispersions of acrylate or mixtures of them.

It is also within the scope of the invention to use a partially polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the binder precursor. For example, an acrylate monomer may be partially polymerized and incorporated within the coating precursor. The degree of partial polymerization should be controlled so that the resulting partially polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomer does not have an excessively high viscosity so the binder precursor is a coatable material. An example of an acrylate monomer that can be partially polymerized is isooctyl acrylate. It is also within the scope of the invention to use a combination of a partially polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomer with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer and / or a curable condensation binder. . The adhesive materials used as the coating precursor in the present invention preferably comprise thermosetting phenolic resins such as resole and novolac resins, described in Kirk-Othmer, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology"; 3a. ed. John Wiley and Sons, 1981, New York, Vol 17 pp. 384-399. Resole phenolic resins are made with an alkaline catalyst and a molar excess of formaldehyde which typically has a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol between 1.0: 1.0 and 3.0: 1.0. Novolac resins are prepared under acid catalysis and with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol less than 1.0: 1.0. A typical resole resin useful in the manufacture of articles of the present invention contains between about 0.75% (by weight) and about 1.4% free formaldehyde, between about 6% and about 8% free phenol, about 78% solids and the remnant of water. The pH of such a resin is about 8.5 and the viscosity is between about 2400 and about 2800 centipoises. Commercially available phenolic resins suitable for use in the present invention include those known under the trade designations "Durez" and "Varcum", from Occidental Chemicals Corporation (N. Tonawonda, N.Y); "Resinox" from Monsanto Corporation; and "Arofene" and "Arotap", both of Ashland Chemical Company; as well as the pre-condensed resole available under the trade designation "BB077" from Neste Resins, a division of Neste Canada, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. An organic solvent may be added to the phenolic resin as needed or desired.

Preferably, the adhesive binder used as the coater is foamed or foamed prior to its application to the fibers of the non-woven network. The composition of the binder can be an aqueous dispersion of an adhesive that hardens upon drying. The preference among these binder compositions are foamable, recoverable, hardenable phenolic resole resins comprising a surface active agent to aid in the formation of the foam and increase its stability.

The coating precursor may contain optional additives, such as fillers, fibers, lubricants, polishing aids, wetting agents, surfactants, pigments, colorants, coupling agents, plasticizers, suspending agents, antistatic agents and the like. Possible fillers include calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium metasilicate, alumina trihydrate, creolite, magnesia, kaolin, quartz, and glass. Fillers that can function as polishing aids include creolite, potassium fluoroborate, feldspar and sulfur. The fillers can be used in amounts of up to about 400 parts, preferably from about 30 to about 150 parts, per 100 parts of coating precursor or size coating, while maintaining good flexibility and roughness of the cured coating.

The present invention further consists of a film or backing of various composition including, but not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyimide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyurethane, among others. This film or backing has an engraving of variable size and shape that maintains on its surface, a thin layer of adhesive. The film or backing may have various geometric shapes in its engraving, as shown in Figures 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g. In the same way, the dimensions of this engraving may vary, being preferably but not unique those shown in table 1: Table 1. Dimensions of the engraving on the film or backing.

In the case of compressible materials, the depth of the engraving must be increased in accordance with the compression distance suffered by the material of the film or backing. The latter can maintain total thicknesses between 0.135 and 2.5 mm, being not restricted to other dimensions combined in the geometric figures and that serve the same purpose of allowing the free passage of vapors, gases or liquids. In the event that the film is engraved, it maintains dimensions that allow the adhesive to be placed on its surface, in different thicknesses that include a size similar to that of the engraving itself. Preferably, the dry adhesive maintains the following dimensions, which are intended to show the recommended but not unique examples applicable to the invention, of Table 2: Table 2. Thickness of the dry adhesive on the engraving Figure Geometric depth of the (mm) engraving Polygon 0.127 1.2 Circle 0.127 - 1.2 It should be observed as illustrated in Figure 5, that the dimensions H and h identified as the total thickness of the film or backing and the thickness of the base thereof, may vary, depending on the needs of the final application of the product of this invention. In any case, the existence of a more or less thick film or backing will be determined by the properties of the material of which it is composed, as well as the facility to be used in the desired final application.

Depending on the nature of the adhesive, variable in nature but preferably of the pressure sensitive type (PSA), the thickness of the latter is determined on the film or backing. Anyone familiar with adhesives of any composition may understand that the amount of solids, adhesion strength, removal force and other properties of a protective tape or foil is influenced by the chemical composition of the selected adhesive. In this way, depending on the type of adhesive selected to produce the product of the present invention, a different thickness will be employed. The composition of the adhesives employed in the present invention include but are not limited to acrylic derivatives of iso-octyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate acrylate with acrylamide or acrylic acid, methacrylates, styrene-isoprene compounds, styrene-isoprene- styrene, isoprene, butadiene, neoprene, natural rubber derivatives, acrylic latex, ethylene vinyl alcohols, among others.

An important feature in the engraving of the film is the angle at which the geometric shape can be built on the surface. This angle can vary between 0o to 70 ° with respect to the perpendicular of the base of the film or backing itself.

This is seen in Figure 6, which demonstrates in a manner understandable to those familiar with the art that the angle (i) can be modified in combinations with the engraving depth shown in the various figures 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f and 4g. The presence of the angle also causes the adhesive to slide towards the bottom of the engraving, depending on the inclination. A steeper slope causes a greater amount of adhesive that slips to the bottom of the engraving. However, the flowability of the adhesive is controllable according to the composition and formulation of the adhesive used. It is desirable in the construction of the present invention that the majority of the adhesive be maintained on the upper surfaces of the engraving (ii), leaving the smallest proportion in the walls and bottom of the geometric figure (iii) in the film or backing ( iv), as shown in Figure 7.

The adhesion properties of the final product are influenced by the type of adhesive, and the geometric figure selected in the backing or film. A larger contact surface with a high adhesive in its instantaneous bond strength can keep the product on glass, ceramic or steel surfaces. The contact surface of the film or backing that comes into contact with the adhesive and, at the same time, the surface that is positioned on the protected surface also establishes the force with which the product of the invention will remain firmly adhered. Additionally, the compositions of the adhesives employed will help to strengthen the affinity and adhesion of the product on the protected surface. Different combinations can be used between the geometry of the film or backing and the adhesive. Any person skilled in the art will be able to deduce that variations in the strength of adhesion on a given surface can be selected from a variety of combinations derived from the present invention.

Some examples that describe the adhesion forces derived from the combinations of adhesive and film or backing, are shown in Table 3, which do not attempt to limit the derived possibilities but constitute illustrative examples: Table 3. Adhesion strength (ASTM-D-3303) obtained with different adhesives and engraved on the film or backing.

Adhesive Geometry Adhesion strength (ounces / in2) Diamond Acrylic sensitive to 20-35 pressure Square Synthetic rubber 35-50 styrene-isoprene-styrene with tackifying resin Hexagon Synthetic adhesive 5-10 styrene-isoprene-styrene The distances between the geometric figures must allow that even after the placement of the adhesive, the channels or conduits through which the gases, vapors or liquids will come out. As shown in Figure 8, the existence of sufficient space (v) through which adhesive is placed without flooding the space, will maintain the exit route of impurities that are additionally mixed with gases, vapors or liquids. Considering the nature of the adhesive placed on the backing or film, in terms of composition, solids content and viscosity, the distance between the geometric figures of the film or backing will vary in order to reduce the defects in the defined protection application.

An alternative to engraving the film is to use engraved films or rollers with the same characteristics as those mentioned above, so that the adhesive receives these engravings and maintains it during its operation on the substrate of the material to be protected. Examples of films are, but are not limited to, the products offered by the ScotchCal commercial line of Minnesota Minig and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States.

The adhesives used to construct the present invention are selective of the type of environmental conditions in which it is intended to be used. The same applies to joining the non-woven structure to the backing film. In all cases, it is necessary to consider these environmental conditions in order to ensure that the product with its components remains stable on the surface of the material to be protected.

The placement of the adhesive on the film or backing is possible through processes known in the state of the art, provided that it is capable of placing an adhesive in the desired thickness. It is required for the placement of the adhesive, to know the amount of solids that the formulation possesses, as well as the temperatures with which it will be placed. The tensions of the film or backing during the placement of the adhesive will depend on the type of system in which it is applied .. In this way, the preferred systems of adhesive placement that do not limit the use of others known in the state of the art, they are included in table 4.

Table 4. Adhesive placement systems on the film or backing.

System Some features Extruder and cascade die Hot melt, high speed (100- (drop die) 800 m / min) Extruder and rotary die Hot melt medium speed (100 (rotary die) m / min) Pumping and application by solvent based Adhesives engraved rolls (organic roll (toluene, heptane, coating) etc.) or water based; medium-low speeds (up to 80 m / min) Pumping and die source (font adhesives solvent based die) organic (toluene, heptane, etc.) or water based; medium-low speeds (up to 50 m / min) The engraved films or backings used in the present invention can be manufactured with different mechanisms. It is also feasible to find them commercially, such as those offered by Bloomer Plastics Co. or Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. The various compositions and physical properties allow to build protective films of great diversity. To improve the retention of the adhesive on the film or backing in the construction of the present invention, it is possible to employ known methods that promote a better interaction that avoids the separation of the adhesive from the final product. Among these examples is the Corona treatment and the application of a primer on the side where the adhesive will be placed. Both methods are well known in the current state of the art. Its inclusion in the present description is to exemplify those preferred in the construction of the present invention, but does not limit the use of any other method that allows the permanence of the adhesive on the film or backing of the product. Corona treatment selection can vary up to 60 kW over 1.2 meters wide, while the primary can be selected from a group of compounds including acrylics and natural or synthetic rubber derivatives (available from various companies such as Dupont, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co ., among others).

It is deductible by a person skilled in the art that systems capable of placing the adhesive in the amounts shown in the present invention are possible to achieve an engraved adhesive film and ducts or channels for the same purpose.

An alternative for the construction of the product of the invention is the placement of adhesive on the face of the non-woven structure, the film or both to allow it to be joined. The adhesives that can be used are of different composition, preferably of the types of pressure sensitive (PSA), of the characteristics similar to those described above. The structure of the absorbing polymer can be constructed from processes known in the state of the art. The formation of foams, films, lacquers or gels are preferred to maintain a strength of at least 7 joules when an object is dropped freely on a test surface. An alternative is to form a film or foam from the reaction of monomers under conditions of temperature, ultraviolet light or infrared radiation. These mechanisms represent additional options for building the product of the invention, in addition to the selection of commercial products as cushioning structures by companies such as Sealed Air, BF Goodrich, Goodyear, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Dupont, Bayer, BASF, Rohm and Hass, among others.

The stability of the position of the protective film is also achieved by using means other than an adhesive to complement it or to be used as a unique means of restraint when the protected surface is not compatible with an adhesive or when an attempt is made to minimize the adhesive. contact with the surface. Among these options are additional adhesive tapes disposed on the article of the invention or mechanical fastening systems such as elastic bands, belts, springs and hooks, fasteners, fasteners, mechanical fastening systems such as those provided by the Velero® (Dupont) versions and Hook & Loop® (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company), canvas, bags or bags formed with the compositions described in the present invention, among others. Situations like the previous ones are presented in situations in which acrylic paints on protected parts react with acrylic acid derivatives generating compounds that deteriorate the appearance of the protected surface. Another example • 10 represent the pieces of aluminum or steel which, due to their dimensions, make it difficult to place adhesive films and the use of bags or canvases of the materials discussed in the invention is quicker. Also formulations with molecules are considered known as ionomers which maintain a static electric charge which allows their subjection and • stability on the surface to be protected. Examples of this type of products are those commercially found under the Aclyn® names, Himiran®, Coathylene®, Surlyn®, Escor®, among others.

The above adhesive systems without adhesive are not limiting the options of the invention, so it is understandable by a person skilled in the art, that a system other than those described in the present invention corresponds to a derivation thereof.

To test the protective effect of the film of the present invention, a test has been made by dropping a solid iron sphere of 2 centimeters in diameter from a height of 170 centimeters, onto a painted aluminum plate 3 millimeters thick, of the type that is used in the body of automobiles. The fall of this sphere produces a slit which is measured in diameter to estimate the degree of damage. The following table shows the averages obtained.

Table 5. Average diameter of the slit formed by a solid iron sphere of 2 centimeters.

The description of the constructions of the present invention 1 to 4 is: 1. 0.004 inch thick polyethylene film with acrylic adhesive. 2. Non-woven nylon section 17 denier, 2 centimeters thick, bonded to a 70 g / m2 weight polypropylene film, covered with acrylic adhesive. 3. Non-woven section with 40 g / cm3 polyurethane foam, 70 denier fiber, attached to a 30 g / m2 weight polypropylene film, covered with acrylic adhesive. 4. Non-woven section with 40 g / cm3 polyurethane foam, 50 denier fiber, attached to a 30 g / m2 weight polypropylene film, covered with silicone adhesive. 5. Polyethylene foam 3 millimeters thick, density 0.6 g / m3 joined with a linear polypropylene film which has an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive. • 6. Polyethylene foam 5.5 mm thick, density 0.65 g / m3 joined with a linear polypropylene film which has an acrylic adhesive sensitive to pressure.

As can be seen in table 5, the simple polyolefin film allows a higher level of damage to be generated, while the introduction of the non-woven structure, of a polyurethane foam and its combinations reduces the damage caused for the sphere.

Particular examples where the construction of a folio or protective tape with engraving and effect of elimination of gases and vapors, are shown below.

Example 1. Protective tape for glass pieces. An adhesive composed of isooctyl acrylate and acrylamide compounds in a proportion of 90% / 10%, is placed in a polypropylene film, which has an engraving with circular geometry with dimensions of 1 millimeters of depth and distance between one and another circle of 0.5 mm. The amount of acrylic adhesive that is placed is sufficient to maintain an adhesive thickness of approximately 0.25-0.3 millimeters. The placement of this adhesive is carried out through systems known in the art, which include but do not restrict application systems of melted adhesive (hot melt) with die or die-source type. It can also be done through roller coating systems. The construction is completed with the placement of a non-stick compound such as silicone or compounds of silicone and urea, on the other side of the backing film. The non-woven structure formed by polyamide fibers joined by an acrylic latex hardened by heating at 120 ° C, is attached to the backing film by an acrylic adhesive placed by a roller or cascade system formed by an open die regulated.

Example 2. Protective tape for ceramic pieces. An adhesive composed of isooctyl acrylate and acrylamide compounds in a proportion of 90% / 10%, is placed in a polyester film, with a thickness of 0.001 inches. The amount of acrylic adhesive that is placed is sufficient to maintain an adhesive thickness of approximately 0.3 millimeters. The placement of this adhesive is carried out through systems known in the art, which include but do not restrict application systems of hot melt with die or font die type; It can also be done through roller coating systems. The construction is completed with the placement of a non-stick compound such as sili-cona or silicone compounds and urea, on the other side of the backing or film. The non-woven structure joins through the process of "thermobonding" in which the outer structure of the polyethylene and polyester copolymer fiber, 15 denier and 3.2 mm. long, it melts at 130 ° C and hardens at room temperature.

Example 3. Protective sheet of painted parts or automobile body. A buffer polymer of 3 millimeters thickness formed by acrylic monomers that react in mass at 70 ° C and also provide properties of a pressure sensitive adhesive, is placed on a polypropylene film, weighing 40 g / m2. The placement of this adhesive is carried out through systems known in the art, which include but do not restrict application systems of melted adhesive (hot melt) with die or die-source type. The construction is completed with the placement of a non-stick compound such as urea on the back side of the polypropylene film.

Example 4. Protective sheet for automobile facías.

An adhesive made with acrylate compounds of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid in proportion 90% / 10%, is placed in a polyethylene film, which has an engraving with diamond geometry with dimensions of 0.8 mm depth and distance between one and another circle of 0.4 millimeters. The amount of acrylic adhesive that is placed is sufficient to maintain an adhesive thickness of approximately 0.3 millimeters. The adhesive is placed in systems that include, but are not restricted to, the application of hot melt with a die, or the source flow type with die (font die). It can also be done through roller coating systems. A non-stick compound of urea compounds is placed on the other side of the backing film. A 5 mm thick polyethylene foam with a density of 0.6 g / m3 is attached to the backing film, which is attached to the film with an acrylic contact adhesive. The placement of the latter adhesive is similar to that described for placing the pressure sensitive adhesive on the backing film.

Example 5. Protective foil for automobile body.

An adhesive made with isoprene and butadiene compounds is placed in a flat, flat polypropylene film 0.001 inches thick. The amount of acrylic adhesive that is placed is sufficient to maintain an adhesive thickness of approximately 0.3 millimeters. The adhesive is placed in systems that include, but are not restricted to, the application of hot melt with a die, or the source flow type with die (font die). It can also be done through roller coating systems. A non-stick compound of urea derivatives is placed on the other side of the backing film. A 5 mm thick polyurethane foam with a density of 0.7 g / m3 is attached to the backing film, which is attached to the film with an acrylic contact adhesive. The placement of the latter adhesive is similar to that described for placing the pressure sensitive adhesive on the backing film.

In the previous cases, the separation of the sprinkling stages for each of the faces allows the location of a single type of abrasive on the fiber. In this way, the product obtained contains only one type of abrasive on each of the faces, specializing in this application during use and demonstrating the convenience of two types of treatment available for the needs encountered.

Claims (33)

CLAIMS Once the invention is described, it is considered as a novelty and property is claimed as contained in the following clauses:

1. A surface protection film, characterized in that it comprises a) A non-woven structure and / or material for cushioning impacts, such as, for example, polymers in the form of foam, sheet, film or gel. b) An optional backup movie. c) An adhesive on the face of the backing film, on the non-woven structure or on the face of the cushioning material. d) A nonstick or optional film with nonstick to protect the adhesive. e) An optional fastening system that does not include adhesive.

2. A protective film according to claim 1, wherein the backing film is bonded by thermofusion, simultaneous extrusion of the film with the non-woven fiber, deposition of non-woven fibers on freshly extruded film, by spinning ("spun bond"), basting ("stitching"), union by needles ("needle tacking") and union by heating ("thermobonding"), formation by rollers or by an adhesive.

3. A protection film according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that it comprises a backing film of various composition, preferably polypropylene or polyethylene.

4. A protective film according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a backing or film of different composition, which has a geometric engraving and an adhesive of diverse composition in a thin layer that covers the engraving.

5. Use of a protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 4, in the manufacture of a tape or foil for automotive bodies, pieces of glass, aluminum, steel, copper, ceramics, among others.

6. A protection film according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the depth of the engraving varies with respect to the thickness of the base of the film or backing in proportion of 2 to 1.3, 1 to 4 or 1.

7. A protection film according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the distance between the geometric figures varies depending on the speed at which it is desired to eliminate the gases.

8. A protection film according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the main fastening system is provided by elements such as elastic bands, fasteners, fasteners, additional adhesive tapes, belts, garters, springs and hooks.

9. A protection film according to claims 1 to 8, which can be transformed into a bag or bag to cover the protected surface.

10. A film according to claims 1 to 9, which has a fastening system to the surfaces, other than an adhesive.

11. A protective film according to claims 1 to 10, which has a fastening system to the surfaces to complement the function of the adhesive.

12. A protective film according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the thickness of the adhesive layer placed on the engraving of the film or backing, varies depending on the geometry of the engraving itself, being between 0.127 and 1.2 mm

13 A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the backing film, the non-woven fiber and / or the cushioning polymer is of variable composition: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, melamine , cellulose, acrylic, synthetic rubber, natural rubber, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, among others in addition to their combinations.

14. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the engraving comprises a diverse geometry that includes: circles, hexagons, squares, diamonds, trapezoids, among others.

15. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the adhesive is of the pressure sensitive adhesive type.

16. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the adhesive resists temperatures between -30 and 300 ° C and is maintained mostly on the upper area of the engraving.

17. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that one of the sides has a non-stick compound such as silicone or silicone and urea.

18. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the adhesive is of acrylic nature to be placed on metal or painted surfaces.

19. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the adhesive is rubber-resin in nature, to be placed on glass, ceramics, pieces of polyolefins or combinations of these.

20. A protective adhesive film according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the adhesive is of acrylic nature, to be placed on pieces of plastic of various chemical nature.

21. An adhesive film according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the angle of the engraving with respect to the base of the film or backing is variable, for example between 0 and 70 ° with respect to the perpendicular of the base of the film. movie or backup.

22. A film according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the adhesive can be added with other compounds that make it more resistant to various environmental conditions, such as ultraviolet light, infrared light, among others.

23. A film according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the backing film and the non-woven fiber comprise compounds to make it more easily degraded by sunlight, water or microorganisms.

A film according to claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it presents or comprises an additional compression property given by a backing film, foam, non-woven fiber or combinations of the three, which is compressed when a pressure is exerted on they.

25. A process for producing the surface protection film, according to claims 1 to 24, which comprises the application of a thin layer of adhesive through a system of hot melt adhesive, application with mechanical die, rollers. , atomized or laminated film by heat or pressure.

26. A compliance film according to claims 1 to 25, wherein the non-woven structure can be manufactured by means of a random arrangement system ("rando webber"), spinning ("spun bond"), union by needles ("needle tacking "), melt-bonding, and" thermobonding "heating bonding and other means of arranging non-woven fibers which may include resinous binder compounds for bonding the fibers.

27. An article made from a film according to claims 1 to 25, wherein the nonwoven web is composed of fibers of a material selected from the group comprising synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polyamide, acrylic polypropylene , rayon, cellulose acetate, vinyl chloride-polyvinylidene copolymers, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers and others.

28. An article according to claim 27, wherein said nonwoven web is composed of fibers of a material selected from the group comprising natural fibers such as cotton, wool, jute and hemp.

29. An article according to claim 27, wherein the combination of the non-woven, the cushioning polymer, the backing film and the pressure-sensitive adhesive that is in contact with the protected surface, can be distributed in combinations. of different positions depending on the level of protection desired.

30. An article according to claims 1 to 28, wherein the non-woven and a pressure-sensitive adhesive are the only components.

31. An article according to claims 1 to 22, wherein the cushioning polymer and a pressure sensitive adhesive are the only components.

32. An article according to claims 1 to 31, which can be used for the protection of surfaces against damage caused by hail.

33. An article according to claims 1 to 32, which can be used for the protection of surfaces against impacts due to projected objects or in free fall. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention a film is described for protecting surfaces of different composition, made from a non-woven structure and / or a buffering polymer, in addition to an optional backing film, of flat profile or with engraving in different geometry and dimensions, which allows the release of retained fluids between the protected surface and the adhesive or fastening system without adhesive. The section of the backing film or the section of the non-woven and / or cushioning polymer structure has an adhesive, of the pressure-sensitive type, to remain attached to the protected surface. One option is the introduction of a polyurethane foam, melamine or cellulose in the middle of the section of the non-woven structure and the backing film. The latter and the non-woven fibers may be of synthetic composition such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide or of natural composition such as cellulose and its derivatives. Combinations of the above compounds are also considered. The invention makes it possible to reduce the damages caused by projected or free falling objects, which due to their density, composition or geometry cause damages that involve high repair or replacement costs. The composite structure helps reduce the speed of the moving object, while dissipating the object's energy by reducing the effect of the impact. This is of particular interest in surfaces such as automobiles which are susceptible to damage during their subsequent detachment by handling, transportation and storage.