MXPA03006551A

MXPA03006551A - Resistance devices, total-body exercise machines outfitted therewith, and exercise methods using such devices and machines.

Info

Publication number: MXPA03006551A
Application number: MXPA03006551A
Authority: MX
Inventors: William T Wilkinson
Original assignee: William T Wilkinson
Priority date: 2000-12-29
Filing date: 2001-12-28
Publication date: 2004-10-15
Also published as: EP1575676A2; EP1575676A4; US20020086779A1; WO2002053234A2; WO2002053234A9; CA2434165A1; AU2002232894A1; AU2002232894A8; WO2002053234A3

Abstract

An exercise reel comprising an elongated tension member having first and second ends, a user engagement connected to the elongated tension member first end for engaging a body appendage, a spool connected to the elongated tension member is adapted to be wound, a resistance mechanism comprising a rotatable disk and a pair of calipers for engaging the rotatable disk for resisting unwinding of the spool, and a retraction mechanism for automatically rewinding the spool. One aspect of the invention comprises an exercise machine comprising at least one exercise reel of the invention, preferably an aerobic leg exercise machine wherein the exercise reel comprises an arm exercise reel for providing resistance to the user s natural forward arm swing. Exercise machines comprising other types of resistances devices for providing resistance to the natural forward arm swing are also claimed. Other aspects of the invention comprise freestanding exercise devices incorporating the exercise reels and methods of exercising.

Description

RESISTANCE DEVICES. MACHINES FOR EXERCISE OF TOTAL BODY EQUIPPED WITH THEM, AND EXERCISE METHODS THAT USE SUCH DEVICES AND MACHINES CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS This application claims priority of the provisional patent application of E.U.A. No. 60 / 259,293 filed December 29, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to exercise machines, and particularly to endurance devices for multiple uses, which include converting aerobic machines for lower body exercise into full body exercise machines by providing a component for upper body exercise.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The exercise and health industry continues to be an area of high growth, marked by a proliferation of exercise machines. Among many of the most popular exercise machines are aerobic exercise machines for legs, not limited to treadmills, treadmills / air slides, vertical and recumbent bicycles, torso torsion discs, stair climbers, steppers, elliptical exercise machines, cross-country and downhill ski machines, trampolines, squatting machines, rowing machines, stretching machines, abdominal machines and the like. Many modalities of these machines have some kind of handrail, restraint or handlebars to rest the arms, while other modalities do not provide anything to support, and even other modalities have some kind of mechanism to allow the simultaneous exercise of the arms and / or upper body . Such mechanisms may include but are not limited to poles, axes or arms that for example move back and forth. Machines with such mechanisms for exercising both the legs and the lower body and arms or upper body, are often referred to as "double action" or "total body" exercise machines. In fact, the inventor coined the phrase "total body" and originated the concept of extending the idea of "total body" to machines for exercise beyond cross-country skiing machines. Double-action or full-body machines have a number of benefits, including offering a more complete total body exercise that includes both the arms and / or the upper body as well as the lower body. Increased work raises the user's metabolism and heart rates faster than single-action machines, and keeps the heart rate and metabolism higher throughout the training exercise. These machines, therefore, are more efficient, providing more exercise in less time. The characteristics of arm exercise also strengthen, tone, or shape the arm muscles during aerobic training exercise. The overall safety of machines with such features also typically increases, since arm exercise mechanisms typically provide improved balance to the user compared to modalities without such mechanisms. However, there are a number of inherent disadvantages in double action machines currently available. Usually, the movement of the upper body or arm provided by said machines is an unnatural movement, which requires the user to push forward and / or pull back. For example, certain cross-country skiing machines have a cable system or arm coil that is mounted in front of the user. The front-mounted arm system produces a heavy, downward / downward movement in the counterbalance of the arms. This causes the body to tilt forward in such an uncomfortable manner that a separate structure is typically provided as a stomach / midson support. In addition, mechanisms for arm exercise, such as poles in current machines, typically require that the user's arms be raised above the waist during the entire push / pull cycle. Poles or exercise arms are usually mounted in a fixed position, facing the user, often causing the user to lean forward, deforming the lower back and neck, instead of being in a more comfortable upright position. In addition, the poles or exercise arms typically move in a fixed arc in a single plane, thus limiting the scale of movement of the arms and upper body to a predetermined distance traveled and to a single plane of motion that is not natural. The poles or arms can often depend on or be linked to the movement of the leg exercise device. This limits the movement of the arms or upper body to the movement of the legs or lower body, typically in a one-to-one cycle. Poles that depend on leg movement typically continue to move, even when they are not used by the exerciser. This creates the security risk of hitting the user. In addition, because the poles or exercise arms continue to move and do not fold, the user is basically forced to use them and has no option to exercise in a non-double action mode, without arms because the poles interfere with a rolling of the natural arm. In many machines, arms or poles do not fold or flex flat for more compact storage. Poles for arm exercise or other currently available arm exercise devices should usually be held in a tightly clamped manner by the hands, which can cause fatigue, deformation or cramping in the hand, fist and / or arm . A Closed clamping can also have the unwanted effect of raising blood pressure. In addition, the act of pushing a pole forward can place considerable pressure on the palm of the hand, causing discomfort at a pressure sensitive point. In summary, current dual-action exercise machines typically require arm movement that may be unnatural and / or uncomfortable and in some circumstances may be unsafe. In addition, the various mechanisms for arm exercises known in the art are often relatively expensive. In this way, there is a need in the art for a mechanism for exercising double action arms, with a total body, which faces some or all of the aforementioned deficiencies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the invention comprises an exercise coil comprising an elongate tension element having first and second ends; a user coupling connected to the first end of the elongate tension element for coupling an appendage of the body; a spool connected to the second end of the elongated tension element and in which the elongated tension element is adapted to be wound; a resistance mechanism to resist the winding of the reel, the resistance mechanism comprises a rotating disk and a pair of gauges for coupling the rotating disc; and a retraction mechanism to automatically rewind the reel. In one embodiment, the retraction mechanism comprises a spiral spring, the reel comprises a mounting connection for mounting to a surface, and the reel further comprises a roller clutch for decoupling the resistance mechanism during rewinding of the reel and a housing for enclose the reel, the rewind mechanism, and the resistance mechanism. The resistance mechanism can be adjustable. The adjustment mechanism can be activated and / or motorized remotely. In a preferred embodiment, the user engagement comprises a hand loop that is cushioned, adjustable, or a combination thereof. Another aspect of the invention comprises an exercise machine, preferably a machine for aerobic exercise for the lower body comprising at least one exercise coil for exercising the upper body as described above. Suitable lower body exercise machines may include but are not limited to: treadmills, treadmills / air slides, upright and recumbent bicycles, torso torsion discs, stair climbers, steppers, elliptical exercise machines, cross-country and downhill ski machines, trampolines, squat machines, rowing machines, machines for stretching, abdominal machines and the like. The exercise coil may comprise an exercise coil for forward stroke arm placed behind a user to provide resistance to a movement of swing forward of an arm of the user and at the same time allow the user's arm to perform the forward swinging motion in a natural arm position of free swinging. For such use, the elongated tension element may consist of a length sufficient to extend from a mounting point of the coil in the machine to a point furthest from the swing of a user's arm from the mounting point, and the reel is dimensioned to substantially support the entire length of the elongate tension element. In one embodiment, the exercise machine can comprise at least two exercise coils for arms, a first coil adapted for use by a user's left arm and a second coil adapted for use by a user's right arm. In some embodiments, the exercise machine may comprise a support structure, such as a cushion support adapted to couple the user's back or buttocks, mounted behind the user to minimize the possibility of the user being pulled back from the user. machine for the resistance of the exercise coil for arm. In another embodiment, the exercise machine may comprise a single arm exercise coil comprising a first elongate tension element adapted for use by a user's left arm, a second elongate tension element adapted for use by a user's right arm , each elongated tension element has a portion coupled by the coil to provide resistance to the forward swinging motion of each arm. The first elongated tension member and the second elongate tension member may comprise portions of a single elongated tension member and the portion coupled by the coil may comprise a middle portion of the elongate elongate tension member. The resistance mechanism may comprise a knob screw having an axis coaxial with the spool and a spring coaxial with the axis of the knob screw and having opposite ends, one end resting against the knob of the knob screw and the other end resting against the spool, so that as the knob is tightened, the spring compresses and exerts increased force on the spool. Another aspect of the invention comprises a self-standing exercise device comprising at least one exercise coil as described herein. In a free standing mode, the user link may comprise a crossbar for coupling by both hands of the user. Another embodiment may comprise a platform having at least one exercise coil comprising an elongated tension device hung between the platform and a user coupling so that the user can lie down or stand on the platform and perform an upper body exercise against the coil resistance, and at the same time perform optimally a lower body exercise such as jumping, running, doing squats, stretching, and the like.

Another aspect of the present invention comprises an exercise machine for exercising a user, the machine comprising an upper body exercise component comprising one or more resistance devices adapted to provide resistance to a forward rolling movement of a user's arm. and at the same time allow the user's arm to perform the forward swinging motion in a natural, free-swinging arm position. The resistance device comprises an elongated tension element having first and second ends, and a user coupling connected to the first end of the elongated tension element, wherein the user engagement is cushioned, adjustable or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the resistance device comprises a reel connected to the second end of the elongated tension element and in which the elongate tension element is adapted to be wound, a resistance mechanism to resist the winding of the reel, and a retraction mechanism to automatically rewind the reel. In another embodiment, the resistance mechanism comprises an elastic element having adjustable resistance. The exercise machine may comprise at least one user engaging rest positioned in front of the user to hold the user engagement when it is not in use by the user. The resistance mechanism may be mounted behind the user, or if the resistance device is not located behind the user, the machine may further comprise a guide such as a pulley, roller, or the like mounted behind the user to direct the elongate tension element towards the user from the resistance device. In said embodiment, the resistance device may comprise a spring having a first end connected to the exercise machine and a second end connected to the second end of the elongated tension element. In another embodiment, the resistance device may comprise a single coil comprising at least one elongated tension element having a portion engaged by the coil, a first user engagement adapted for use by a user's left arm, and a second user coupling adapted for use by the user's right arm. Another aspect of the invention comprises methods for exercising comprising using any of the devices described herein. A method to exercise comprises a user engaging in total body exercise, which includes engaging in superior body exercise by balancing the user's arms in a natural, multi-plane, free-swinging motion against a tensile strength. directed from a point behind the user and transmitted by an elongated tension element, the elongated tension element has a user coupling which is coupled through means other than a closed fastener, such as in an open, loose fastener. Even another aspect of the invention comprises an exercise machine comprising an exercise component of the lower body and a component of body training exercise. upper, the training exercise component of the upper body comprises at least one pole that provides resistance to movement of the same, the pole is free to move in multiple planes. The pole may comprise a spherical interface with the machine, or the pole may be axially attached to a helical spring which is connected to the machine. In a spherical embodiment, where the resistance is adjustable, the spherical interface may comprise an element for increasing and decreasing the radial pressure in the ball.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1A is an illustration of a perspective view of a user on an exemplary walking belt equipped with exemplary exercise coils. Figure 1 B is an illustration of a perspective view of a user on a treadmill similar to that of Figure A but with a single coil mode. Figure C is an illustration of a perspective view of a single coil mode similar to that of Figure 1 B but with guides for the cable. Figure 2A is an illustration of a fragmented horizontal projection of a reel mechanism with exemplary spring return cable.

Figure 2B is an illustration of a perspective view of the exemplary partially assembled spring return cable reel mechanism of Figure 2A, with the housing shown removed to reveal internal work. Figure 3A is an illustration of a hand loop user coupling. Figure 3B is an illustration of a horizontal projection of an exemplary micro-hook / micro-loop adjustable hand loop embodiment. Figure 3C is an illustration of an exemplary adjustable ring wire hand loop embodiment. Figure 4A is an illustration of a horizontal projection of an exemplary single coil embodiment. Figure 4B is an illustration of a partial cross-sectional side view of an exemplary resistance mechanism of the single-coil mode shown in Figure 4A. Figure 5A is an illustration of an exemplary cross-country ski machine having two front stroke exercise coils. Figure 5B is an illustration of an exemplary elliptical machine having two front stroke exercise coils, two rear stroke exercise coils, and a support structure. Figure 5C is an illustration of an exemplary trampoline having two front stroke exercise coils and a support structure.

Figure 5D is an illustration of an exemplary stepper having two front stroke exercise coils and a support structure. Figure 5E is an illustration of an exemplary exercise bicycle having two front stroke exercise coils. Figure 5F is an illustration of an exemplary rowing machine having two rear-stroke exercise coils. Figure 5G is an illustration of an exemplary torso torsion disc exercise machine having two front stroke exercise coils. Figure 5H is an illustration of an exemplary treadmill / air exercise machine that has two front stroke exercise coils. Figure 6A is an illustration of an exemplary exercise coil in a freestanding floor mounted configuration with a cross bar as a user coupling. Figure 6B is an illustration of an exemplary exercise coil in a freestanding wall mounted configuration with a crossbar as a user coupling. Figure 6C is an illustration of an exemplary exercise coil in a freestanding ceiling mounted configuration with a crossbar as a user coupling.

Figure 6D is an illustration of an exemplary freestanding platform having two exercise coils mounted thereon for upper body exercise. Figure 6E is an illustration of an exemplary freestanding platform having a single coil exercise coil mode mounted thereon. Figure 6F is an illustration of an exemplary freestanding platform having two exercise reels mounted thereon for leg exercises. Figure 7 is a perspective view of an exemplary treadmill embodiment having a plurality of exercise coils mounted thereon. Figure 8 is a side view of an exemplary treadmill embodiment having coil spring resistors mounted below the treadmill. Figure 9 is a horizontal projection of an exemplary treadmill embodiment having a single coil mounted in front thereof, with guides for directing the cable to a point behind the user. Figure 10 is a partial longitudinal section illustration of an exemplary pole mounted on a helical spring for mounting on an exercise machine.

Figure 11 is an illustration of an exemplary walking belt having poles mounted thereon with a spherical resistance mechanism. Figure 12 is an illustration of an exemplary stepper exercise machine having the resistive units attached to the steps. Figure 13 is an illustration of an exemplary support surface to provide improved balance for a user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Next, the invention will be illustrated with reference to the figures. The figures are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting and are included with the present to facilitate the explanation of this invention. Referring now to Figure 1A, a user 14 is shown on an exercise machine 10, especially a treadmill. The machine 10 has two resistance units of this invention, especially exercise coils 12, mounted behind the user 14 to be used to exercise the user's arms. The coils 12 are positioned to allow natural, free-swinging backward and forward movement of the arms 16 of the user 14. The user 14 rotates each arm 16 forward in an ascending arc along the arrow A, extending from below the waist or preferably behind the user's body at or towards the back of point B, and moving along from point C in front of the user's body. Most of the effort is applied when pulling and raising the arms in the ascending phase (in the direction of arrow A), while allowing the arms to swing back freely in the descending phase (opposite to the direction of arrow A). One aspect of the invention allows the user to maintain this natural arm swinging movement while exercising, and in doing so, provides a superior training exercise. The coils 12 may be permanently fixed to the exercise machine 10 or may be removable, and may be used to retrofit a pre-existing machine. Although mounting the devices behind the user for use in providing an arm training exercise is a preferred embodiment, the resistance devices of this invention can be placed on either side of an exercise device relative to the user, for use in the exercise. of training of any portion of the user's body. Although any number of resistance units can be provided, a preferred embodiment comprises two resistance units, one for each arm and / or leg. Although four units can be provided so that both legs and both arms can be exercised simultaneously, a preferred embodiment comprises two units that can be adjusted to be used with either arms or legs. The resistance units can be fixed permanently in the machine, or they can be removable and movable. The resistance units can also be fixed in a particular place on the machine, but they are preferably adjustable in one or more dimensions. For example, as shown in Figure 7, each coil 12 can be mounted on an axle 700, each axle can pivot in the direction of arrow Z to provide forward and backward adjustment capability relative to the user. Each coil can also be slidable up and down the shaft 700 along the Y-arrow, such as in a slideway, providing vertical adjustment capability. Although not shown in Figure 7, axes 700 can be articulated to allow pivoting towards and away from each other, to provide right and left adjustability in relation to the user. The arrangement shown in Figure 7 is simply an example of how resistance mechanisms with adjustability can be provided in more than one direction. Any other structural arrangement known in the art can be used to provide one, two, or three directions of adjustment capability (up / down, forward / backward, or left / right). Shafts 700 may be provided as part of the original equipment for the exercise machine, or may comprise a retrofit kit for attachment to existing exercise machines. Resistance units may allow adjustment in the amount of resistance, but units that are not adjustable may also be used. The adjustable resistance can be adjusted continuously within a certain scale, it can comprise increasing, graduated, non-continuous adjustment, or a combination thereof. For example, a device that has a first set of resistance devices can be provided to provide continuous adjustment between 0.453-2.26 kilograms of resistance, and a second set of interchangeable resistance devices for the first set to provide continuous adjustment between 2.26-4.53 kilograms of resistance. However, the mentioned scales of resistance are simply exemplary, because any scale of resistance can be provided. Referring now to Figures 2A and 2B, an exemplary exercise coil 12 is shown in more detail. The coil 12 is illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B, as a reel coil of springback cable, but other types of coils can also be used. In the embodiment shown in Figures 2A and 2B, however, the cable 217 is fixed to the cable reel 207 at one end and comprises user engaging means, such as a hand loop 219 at the opposite end. Although the cable can preferably be a twisted metal plastic coated cable as is known in the art, the term "elongated tension element" can be used in the present to refer generically to any type of cable, line, cord, tube, band, strip, cord, chain, cord or other means known in the art suitable for transmitting tensile strength to the movement of the user's arm from the reel 207. However, for simplicity, the modalities described from this point is described below with respect to a "cable" (except when specific to other types of tension elements), but it will be understood that any applicable elongated tension element can be replaced by the cable described in any of these embodiments.

The cable 217 may be non-elastic or may have some elasticity. The cable 217 is preferably of sufficient length to stretch from the coil mounting location to the furthest point of the user coupling from the mounting location during a standard boom swing. In this way, for a coil mounted behind the user, the length corresponds to the length of a complete front arm swing, and for a coil mounted in front of the user, the length corresponds to a full backward arm swing. The spool of preference is sized only to support substantially the entire length of the cable. By "substantially all" refers to the portion of the cable that does not include the user link 219 or any portion of the cable between the cable sleeve 218 and the user link. By "only to support" it means that the reel preferably does not substantially have a larger size, in order to conserve the weight and size and to minimize the cost. Restricting the length of cable and reel capacity, allows a more compact unit than if for example, the length of the cable were indiscriminately long and the size of the reel was in large correspondence. For example, coil devices previously known for use in aquatic training would be irrationally bulky for use in the present application. In the preferred embodiment, the user engagement is a comfortable, "hands-free" design that can be in the form of a soft, non-irritating, padded hand loop 219, as shown in the figure 2B, or any other type of tape or fastener that fits around the hand without requiring a tight grip by the hand. A material such as a dense foam rubber can provide the cushioned, soft, and non-irritating qualities. The user engagement may comprise any of the suitable mechanisms known in the art to allow attachment or attachment to a portion of the upper body, without being limited to handles, fasteners, rods, wraps, gloves, tapes, cuffs and the like. In other embodiments, when the exercise coil of this invention is used for the exercise of other muscles, the user engagement can be any device for coupling any part of the body, including the feet or legs, the waist, the torso, the head , shoulders, and the like. Thus, although it is referred to herein as a "hand loop" it will be understood that the loop 219 can be used for coupling other parts of the body. The user engagement may be permanently attached or detachable from the cable 217. The user links of the upper body may be designed to be secured, engaged, or supported by any portion of the user's arms, cuffs, hands, or fingers. The user engagement can be secured to the arm or hands through any method known in the art, without being limited to the user holding or supporting the means, or the means which are secured to the user through any type of fastener, such as one or more buckles, Velero® fasteners, snaps, snap fittings, hooks, loops, staples, and the like. User links for other parts of the Body can be secured to the feet, legs, waist, back, head, shoulders, and the like. The user engagement is preferably cushioned for comfort, and / or coated for sweat absorption. Although the user coupling may be a suitable element for fastening by the user, a loop is preferred because it can be simply attached to the user's hand 17 in a naturally open position as shown in Figure 3A, with the loop passing between the thumb of the user 19 and the index finger 20. The loop 219 can also be adjustable for sizing and comfort, and at the same time allow a quick release of the hands. For example, as shown in Figure 3B, the loop 319 comprises a micro-hook section 302 and matching microlacing section 304 (or vice versa), such as a commonly known Velero® fastener, which allows adjusting the diameter D of the loop 319 Any number of equivalent devices for providing adjustability is known in the art and can be used, however, not limited to snaps, buttons, a "ring-through cable" mechanism 419 such as that shown in FIG. Figure 3C with the cable 417 and ring 4 8, and the like. Turning now to Figures 2A and 2B, the coil 12 further comprises a divided housing having a left component 201 and right component 202 enclosing the moving parts. The end caps 220 of the shaft are attached to either end of the shaft 205 to hold the assembled housing in place. The coil 12 may also comprise a rotary assembly, such as an anvil 203 and rotating projection 204, which they allow the coil to swing with respect to its attachment point towards the exercise machine. Although the rotating anvil / protrusion mechanism allows only a single degree of freedom (pivoting in any direction along the arrow X), the rotary assembly may comprise multiple rotating mechanisms, each of which provides additional degrees of freedom, or it can comprise a single mechanism, such as a spherical mechanism that provides multiple degrees of freedom. Instead of being attached to the shaft 205 running through the cable reel 207, the rotary assembly can also be fixed to one or both of the housing components 201 or 202. In general, a rotating assembly can protect the coil mechanism by reducing tensions in the coil. However, in other embodiments, the coil may be fixed to the exercise machine, mounting bracket, wall, bench, platform, or the like, through a non-rotating mechanism. The coil 12 preferably has a retraction mechanism for the cable 2 7 to be wound back on the coil as the user's arm moves backward in the counterbalance. As shown in Figure 2A, one embodiment of the exemplary retraction mechanism comprises a retractor spring 206, such as a spiral spring. Other retraction mechanisms can also be used. The spring 206 is loaded as the cable 217 is unwound from the spool 207 (and also applies some resistance) and then automatically snaps back to rewind the cable as the user moves the hand loop 219 backwards from under the waist and behind the body so that it can be pulled forward again to the point of C in the ascending phase to complete a complete cycle of arm swinging. The retraction mechanism also allows the coil 12 to retract the cable 217 so that the cable sleeve 218 is supported with the coil 12 when the coil is not used by the user, to properly store the cable when it is not in use. The cable sleeve 2 8 prevents too much cable, including the hand loop 219, from being pulled into the housing 201 and 202. The opening 230 in the housing is dimensioned to prevent the sleeve 218 from being stretched inwardly. The cord in the coil mechanism can be completely retracted upward toward the sleeve 218 providing compact storage. In other embodiments, supports may be provided in front of the user to rest the user couplings where they can be easily picked up and placed down by the user. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, console 18 facing user 14 may comprise wings 20 having upstanding posts 22 around which loops 219 (shown in Figure 2B) may optionally be placed. Thus, a user who wishes to discontinue the arm training portion of the arm for a period may simply continue to exercise his legs while temporarily placing the loops 2 9 under the posts 22 where they can be easily picked up again without discontinuing the leg work. .

Although shown in Figure 2A as a spring 206, the retraction mechanism in the spool 12 can be any type known in the art, without being limited to a spring, weight, or elastic element. The cable retraction mechanism can be even motorized, if desired. The retraction mechanism can be adjustable to provide a retraction force scale or it can be non-adjustable. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure B and described hereinafter, in which a single coil has a cable with one end used by the user's right arm and the other end used by the user's left arm, the mechanism of Retraction for one arm is triggered by the front stroke of the opposite arm. The coil system 12 also has at least one resistance mechanism. In some embodiments, the resistance mechanism and retraction mechanism may be the same mechanism, or at least a portion of the resistance mechanism may also comprise a portion of the retraction mechanism. In other embodiments, at least some substantial portion of the resistance mechanism may be separated from the retraction mechanism. For example, the spring 206 provides some strength of resistance as well as the force of retraction. In the embodiment shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the resistance mechanism additionally comprises a brake disc 2 1 and a pair of calipers 212 and 213. The element that provides the resistance can be any one known in the art without being limited to a spring; an elastic element, which includes a band or tension ring; a weight; a friction brake, which includes a brake on a coil or on the same cable; a pressure pad; a screw; a device that uses magnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic resistance; a flexibly shaped memory material such as a mixed material (i.e., a BOWFLEX® bar), or the like. The resistance mechanism can be adjustable, such as for example by rotating the gauge adjustment knob 216, which is connected to the shaft 214. The shaft 214 is coaxially mounted within the spacer 215 and has a threaded end which interfaces with the threaded portion of left gauge arm 212 to change the distance between left gauge arm 212 and right gauge arm 213, as shown in Figure 2A. The shaft 214 protrudes through the housing component 202 through the opening 221, allowing the adjustment knob 216 to be accessible without removing the housing. The resistance mechanism can also be non-adjustable.

For example, if it is permanently adjusted to be used for an aerobic training exercise, the arm mechanism may be non-adjustable and set to provide less than approximately 2.26 kilograms of resistance. If the arm mechanism is designed to provide a simulation of weight exercise, the arm mechanism can be adjustable to offer a scale of different strengths that typically can exceed 2.26 kilograms. This scale of strength of resistance it can be infinitely adjustable within the scale along a continuum, or the scale can be adjusted gradually. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the resistance mechanism typically further comprises a clutch mechanism, such as a roller clutch 210 that disengages from the spool clutch hub 208 when the spool 207 rotates in the direction for retraction of cable 217 and reattaches it when the cable causes the spool to rotate in the opposite direction. The clutch mechanism allows the retractor spring 206 to quickly rewind the cable 217 on the reel 207 without resistance. You can also provide modalities without a clutch. Although shown in Figure 1A with two coils 12 with independent cables 217 coming from each coil 12, now referring to Figure 1B, a single coil 112 can be shared by both arms. The coil 112, as shown in more detail in Figures 4A and 4B, may comprise a cable 117a for one arm and another cable 117b for the other arm, each cable wound on the reel 107 in a different direction. The cables 117a and 117b can be two separate cables or can comprise a common cable with its middle section wound around the reel 107. The coil 112, as shown in Figure 1B, can be mounted so that it can swing upwards and downwards. down to accommodate users of different height and at the same time ensure that the tension forces in the cable are perpendicular to the axis of the reel.

Referring now to Figure 1 C, to further facilitate a natural arm movement, straight forward and backward and to prevent the cable from touching the back of the user's body, the single-coil mode may additionally comprise a set of pulleys or guides 114 which move the point of origin of the resistance force more towards the outside and behind the body. As shown in Figure 4B, the resistance can be provided in the single-coil mode by a spring 110 mounted about the axis 120 of the knob screw 122. As the knob screw 22 is screwed down to advance the threads 123 towards the nut 126, which rests at one end of the spool 107 through the washer 128, the knob 124 compresses the ring 110 so as to increase the pressure applied by the spring on the spool 107. Figure 4B shows only an exemplary mechanism for providing resistance, however, other mechanisms that are known in the art without limitation can be used. The advantages of a single coil mode include the simplicity of design and the economic benefit of having only one single coil and cable. Simple coil modes, however, can limit the movement of one arm to the opposite movement of the other arm, which in some circumstances, may be undesirable. In addition, single coil modes can provide only the same resistance for each arm, and the cable is not completely retractable when not in use.

Although arm exercise coils 12 are particularly useful for providing full body training exercises for aerobic leg exercise machines, such as in a cross-country skiing machine 510, as shown in Figure 5A, an elliptical machine 520 as shown in figure 5B, a trampoline 530 as shown in Figure 5C, a stepper 540 as shown in Figure 5D, an exercise bicycle 550 as shown in Figure 5E, a torso torsion disc 560 as shown in Figure 5G , or an air treadmill / slider 570 as shown in Figure 5H, the invention is not limited thereto. This invention can be used in conjunction with any type of exercise machine, without being limited to home gyms, resistance training machines, upper body exercise machines, and the like, including specific machines not limited to treadmill, treadmills / sliders air, upright and recumbent bicycles, torso torsion discs, stair climbers, steppers, elliptical exercise machines, cross-country and downhill ski machines, trampolines, squat machines, rowing machines, stretch machines, abdominal machines and similar. Due to the back strength applied by the arm exercise mechanism, in some embodiments it may be convenient to include one or more concomitant structures to facilitate the invention. Said structures may include a support structure behind the user, and / or, for devices such as steppers with a limited area to attach the foot, a foot support with larger dimensions or at least life size. For example, as shown in Figure 13, the foot support 1300 has a length L and a width W greater than the comparative length and width of a human foot 1302, and optionally further comprises a ridge 1304 on the periphery to make it easier for the foot to remain in the standing support area. The surface of the foot support area 1306 may optionally comprise a high tensile material. Exemplary support structures 60 behind the user are illustrated in Figures 5B, 5E, 5G and 5H, and can be provided to minimize the possibility of a user losing their balance. The support structure may be designed to support the back or gluteus of the user, and may be adjustable in one or more directions, such as up / down, right / left, and forward / backward. For example, as shown in Figure 5D, the support 60 can rest on a pole 63 that pivots back and forth in the direction of the arrow Z, and the support 60 can be further adjustable up and down the pole along the arrow Y. However, other mounting means may also be used for the support 60, such as a crossbar behind the user supported by a pair of posts. Any means can be used to mount the support, but optimally it should not interfere with the natural arm movement, free swinging of the user. In an exemplary exercise bicycle embodiment 550, the rear support 60 may comprise a rear rest that is part of the seat 62, as shown in Figure 5E. The support structures may be particularly desirable for machines where there may be a risk of imbalance or instability, such as for example with an elliptical machine 520, trampoline 530, stepper 540, torsion torsion disc 560, or air slider 570, as shown in Figures 5B-5D, 5G, and 5H, respectively, when the user is in a slightly elevated position at the time of using the machine. However, support structures are not limited to being used only with these machines, and can be provided on any machine, including but not limited to treadmills. You can also provide modalities without this support structure for any type of machine. The resistance provided by the exercise device is preferably unidirectional, preferably provided in the front arm swing as shown in Figures 1A, 1 B and 5A-5E, 5G, 5H, 8, 9, and 12. The Unidirectional resistance allows two phases of exercise: one phase of effort (in the front roll for rear mounted devices) and a rest phase (in the counterbalance for devices mounted in the back). However, as shown in Figure 5F, coil 12 can also be used to provide resistance for backward arm movement, such as for use with a rowing machine 560. Coils 12 or 12 can be used to provide resistance to arm movement forward or backward in any machine for exercise known in the art. Although the coil 112 is generally Known for providing upper body exercise along with a cross country ski machine, there is no knowledge of use with other machines for exercise. Accordingly, it is within the scope of this invention to use coil 112 to provide resistance to front arm movement when mounted on an exercise machine and to provide resistance to rear arm movement when mounted on any exercise machine other than a cross country ski machine. In addition, the scope of this invention includes the use of any source of multiple-plane arm swing resistance (of the non-pole type) in any lower body exercise machine other than a treadmill or a ski machine cross-country and the use of any source of multi-plane arm swing resistance (of the non-pole type) permanently integrated with a treadmill. By "permanently integrated", refers that the arm swinging resistance is not a readaptation unit. In this way, the invention meets needs and fills spaces currently not focused by exercise machines existing in the market. A plurality of coils 12 can also be used to provide bidirectional resistance in both forward and rearward rolling. An exemplary bidirectional resistance design, shown in FIG. 5B, shows a coil 12a in front of the user and a coil 12b behind the user for each arm. The user can use the coils 12a and 12b at the same time to provide resistance in the upward swing and the Rolling backwards, and can use only one coil at a time, to provide resistance in the upward swing and backward swing, depending on the user's preference. Although shown in Figure 5B with use on an elliptical machine 520, the bidirectional resistance design is not limited to use on elliptical machines, nor are elliptical machines limited to bidirectional designs only. Preferably, the arm exercise mechanism has at least one anchor point for each reel 12. The point or anchor points may be located anywhere, but are preferably located on the same exercise machine, as shown in FIG. Figures 1A-1C, 5A-5H, 7-9 and 12. The anchor point may be located on the base or lower frame of the exercise machine and preferably towards the rear of the user at a height within a interval that includes and between the user's feet and the user's hips, as shown, for example, in Figures 1A-1 C and 5A-5E, 5G, 5H and 7. In other embodiments, discussed later herein, The anchor point for the resistance device can actually be located in another part that is not behind the user, with slides used to bring the cables to the back of the user. The coils 12 may be removable or be permanently or semi-permanently anchored. The clamping mechanism at the anchor point can be a quick connection mechanism that allows to quickly replace or easily move the coils 12 from place to place around a machine, from machine to machine, or from locations of the machine to others different from the machine or freestanding. The fixing mechanism can also be a normal combination of bolt and nut (with special washers or brackets or as needed to fit each machine). The clamping mechanism may be adapted for easy disassembly by the user or may be designed to remain fixed without the usual dismantling by the user. The coils 12 can also be used in a stand-alone manner. For example, one or more coils 12 can be mounted to any type of floor 600, wall 610, roofs 620, pole, bench or the like in a gym or home at a desired height to provide an exercise for arms and / or legs, such as Figures 6A-C are shown. The cable 217 may have hand loops 219 as the user interface as shown and described previously, or may have a cross bar 619 similar to a weight lifting bar on which weights are typically mounted. In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 6D, a pair of coils 12 may be mounted on a platform 50 on which a user 14 may stand, with the opposite end comprising any of the user interfaces previously described. A user standing on the platform 50 can thus undertake a curling or lifting exercise using free weights using the coil mechanisms of this invention, optionally with a bar (such as the crossbar 619 shown in Figures 6A-C). ). A user lying on his back on the platform 50 between the coils 12 with a bar transverse 619 connected to the respective cables can undertake a pressure exercise on the bank. A single coil 112 can also be used in a stand-alone manner with a platform 50 or without it, as shown in Figure 6E, mounted on a platform. The single coil 112 can be mounted at an angle on a rotating joint or cable slides can be used, so that the pulling force is always perpendicular to the axis of the spool for its smooth operation regardless of the height or position of the user . In one embodiment (not shown), the platform may be relatively small, with sufficient sizes only for the user to stand on it., so that the user must typically keep one foot underneath at all times to prevent the platform from moving. In another embodiment, shown in Figure 6D, the platform can be relatively large and heavy. One advantage of a relatively large and heavy platform is that the platform does not depend on the user stepping on it to keep it in place. Thus, the user can run in his place, jump, stretch, perform knee bends and other exercises for the lower part of the body, while using a relatively heavy platform. Although some lower body exercises are possible in conjunction with upper body exercise on a light weight platform, fewer exercises such as jumping and running are not provided. The coil 12 can also be used to exercise other parts of the body, such as the legs, in a lateral movement. In a In this embodiment, the loop 219 may be placed around the foot or leg of the user, as shown in Figure 6F, the user may perform leg lifts with a lateral movement. For example, the coils may be on a platform 50 and the user may be placed against a wall 610 to balance. Such an exercise can be beneficial for developing the muscles of the legs above the knee and the muscles in the waist and buttocks, and can provide enhanced aerobic exercise. The use of the reels for leg exercises is not limited to freestanding coils, as shown in Figure 6F, however, but may include coils mounted to exercise machines, benches, poles, walls, floors and the like. The uses of the coils of this invention are not limited to exercising the muscles of the legs and arms, however, since other muscles can be exercised, such as muscles in the neck, middle section, shoulders, waist and Similar. The muscles of the neck can be exercised, using for example a headband as the means of user engagement. Thus, in one aspect, the present invention solves a number of the problems associated with current double action machines in a simple, compact, economical and easy to use mechanism. Some modalities that include the placement of the mechanism behind the user allow a more natural movement and free swing of the arms and provides a straight and more natural position of the body, which is safer for the user. The natural movement and free swing promotes the best General coordination of the body during exercise, since the upper part of the body typically establishes the rhythm to perform the exercise. In comparison with the pole-type mechanisms, the present invention provides a more flexible and versatile range of movement, allowing the user to choose the amount of swinging upward and backward swinging more comfortable for him or her and choosing the plane of movement more comfortable in relation to the body. In addition, the user can choose between double action or non-double action mode and, in some modalities, unidirectional or bidirectional. The use of a non-scorching padded loop to bind the hand provides a more comfortable link than a handle, exerting less pressure on the hand or wrist. The loose or open grip of a cushioned loop avoids the inconveniently higher blood pressure that can be promoted, according to some sources, with a closed grip. An adjustable and / or cushioned 1210 cuff that slides back around the user's wrist, as shown in Figure 12, can also be used to avoid the drawbacks of a closed fist. The hand loop 219 can be used as a fist around a user's wrist, if desired. The exercise mechanisms for the arms discussed herein, such as coil 12, are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and are relatively easy and inexpensive to repair or replace. The mechanisms discussed here are also lightweight and compact for storage.

Other mechanisms besides the coil mechanisms can also be used to provide total body exercises on exercise machines focused on the lower body. It is taught in general about the use of elastic members to intensify the exercise, in the patents of E.U.A. No. 5,405,305, No. 5,476,431, and No. 5,632,708, incorporated herein by reference. As used herein, the term "elastic member" refers to any type of bands, tubing, ropes or cords for exercise that are known in the art and that provide resistance to being stretched, and include any type of construction materials , including natural and synthetic materials. The elastic members can also be made so that they have adjustable strength to the resistance. For exampleby shortening the length of the elastic member that is allowed to stretch, the strength provided by that member can be increased. Devices are known in the art that provide shortening capacity with relative ease of adjustment. A device of that nature is described for use with the tubing for exercise in the U.S. patent. No. 5,108,096 to Ponce, incorporated herein by reference, and another device of that nature is marketed by Innotrainer of Tanumshede, Sweden, as generally described with respect to the adjustment of the distance between the grippers for aerobic exercise on www.innotrainer. com, also incorporated herein by reference. Thus, a pair of adjustment devices can be mounted to the frame of an exercise device, such as in the position of the coils 12 shown in Figure 7, and elastic members can be used to provide resistance from the back of the user. Another mechanism for providing adjustable resistance with elastic members is to use a plurality of elastic members, with the ability to bind or unlink selected members to increase or decrease the strength of resistance. The use of the adjustable and / or cushioned user links described herein may be particularly advantageous with respect to the normal user links typically used with such resilient members, for all the reasons discussed herein. Although described above with respect to autonomous resistance mechanisms mounted behind the user, the resistance mechanism can be mounted on any other part of the machine and directed to a point behind the user with rollers, pulleys or slides. For example, as shown in Figure 8, the resistance mechanism may comprise an elastic member or helical spring 800 mounted below the machine, with slides such as rollers or pulleys 802 for directing the cable to the user. Capacity for adjusting the amount of resistance can be provided, by increasing or decreasing the amount of pre-tension on the spring or elastic band, by shortening for example the length of the spring or the band that is allowed to extend as a result of training or by reloading the spring or the band. An exemplary method of adjusting the preload on a coil spring is shown in Fig. 20 of the U.S. patent. No. 6,123,649, incorporated herein by reference. The spring or member Elastic can be enclosed in a tube, if desired, for aesthetic or safety purposes. Only a coil spring mechanism 800 is shown in Figure 8, but it should be understood that there is optimally a spring mechanism for each arm in order to provide independent resistance. One embodiment (not shown) may, however, comprise a single spring configured so that each end of the single spring serves as a spring mechanism for one of the arms. As shown in the treadmill model of Figure 9, a single coil 112 can also be mounted opposite the user under the machine with slides such as pulleys 900 and brackets 902 provided to guide the cables to a point behind of the user to provide an exercise workout for the natural swing of the user's arm. When used with a treadmill, the resistance devices of the present invention provide increased training without requiring, for example, an inclined or motorized treadmill. The resistance devices of the present invention also make possible a natural movement and free swing, when walking or running on the treadmill. Thus, the relatively inexpensive addition of resistance mechanisms can eliminate the need for more expensive mechanisms, such as inclined planes or motors, typically used with treadmill mills known in the art. Of course, resistance mechanisms can also be coupled with mills of inclined and motorized gait wheels for even greater training. As described herein, an aspect of the invention comprises an exercise machine for exercising a user, the machine comprising an exercise component for the upper body comprising one or more resistance devices adapted to provide resistance to a forward swinging motion of a user's arm, while allowing the user's arm to perform natural movement and free swing forward in a naturally extended position of the arm. The resistance device comprises an elongate tension member having first and second ends and a user link connected to the first end of the elongate tension member, in which the user link is padded, adjustable or a combination thereof. Although the resistance device is preferably the exercise coil described herein or one of the other resistance systems described above, any resistance device known in the art may be used in conjunction with such an exercise machine. For example, the following US patents. describe exemplary resistance mechanisms, all of which can be used to provide resistance for upper body training: US patents. No. 518,967 from Poole; No. 3,929,331 to Beeding; No. 4,114,875 to Deluty; No. 4,557,480 to Dudley; No. 4,779,866 to Marshall et al .; No. 5,147,264 to Braathen; No. 5,176,599 to Beliakov; No. 5,486,149 of Smith et al .; No. 5,618,249 to Marshall; No. 5,733,231 to Corn et al .; Nos. 5,876,310 and 6,149,559 to Mackey and No. 6,123,649 to Lee et al. This list is not limiting, however, since a multitude of other resistance devices are known in the art and applicable for use as generally described herein. The use of resistance devices to provide training of the upper body in machines designed differently for training the lower body provides more exercise in less time, making possible a total body workout with more aerobic benefit. Increased exercise provides increased calorie consumption, compared to the same time in a machine without additional resistance mechanisms, eventually leading to increased weight loss for those who incorpo exercise to a weight loss regimen. The resistance devices also provide strengthening, toning, training and stretching of the muscles using the devices. Although the present is fundamentally described when resistance devices are independent of lower body training, upper body resistance devices may be dependent on the lower body exercise devices. For example, as shown in Figure 12, in a staggering type machine 1200, each resistance unit 12 can be attached to each of the steps 1202 so that they are joined together the movement of taking steps and the movement of upper body exercises. The feature of making dependent on exercise in the upper body part of the lower body exercise may also be extended, as applicable, to any of the exercise machines discussed herein. Resistance devices can be provided as original equipment on an exercise machine. They can be provided as readaptation units. The retrofit units may have components that have universal or almost universal connection to any machines known in the art. The coils 12, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, have manual resistance adjustment made with the turn knob 216. It should be understood that the resistance setting can also be motorized, such as with a remote control that activates an engine. which rotates the shaft 214. The motorized adjustment also makes it possible to adjust the resistance "on the fly", such as with a remote control integd to the user's link or provided on the exercise machine, such as a front panel or a user's side. Thus, the user can increase or decrease the resistance without stopping the exercise. The remote control can be provided by a knob or a push button. To control the knob, rotating the knob in one direction can increase the resistance while rotating the knob in the other direction can decrease the resistance. In modalities with a push button, control can be provided with a double or simple push button.

In a simple button mode, the adjustment can be continuously extended through a loop of increasing and decreasing resistance, when the button is pressed, so that the user needs to merely stop the button down until the desired resistance is achieved. In a double button mode, one button increases the resistance and the other button increases the resistance. Flight adjustment mechanisms that are mechanical, as opposed to electrical, can also be provided. Although devices as described herein for use with exercise machines have numerous advantages, one of the advantages is to provide freedom of movement in multiple planes, which is not provided with the types of pole typically included for exercise of the upper body in exercise machines for the lower part of the body. Poles can be provided, however, that make this functionality possible. In one embodiment, for example as shown in Figure 10, a pole 1000 can be mounted axially on a heavy gauge coil spring 1002 to enable movement in more than one plane. The resistance adjustment can be provided by adjusting the length of the portion of the spring that is allowed to flex. In another embodiment, shown in Figure 11, the pole 1100 may have a sphere 1102 at the end that is mounted on a receptacle 1104, with an adjustable member such as a compression screw 1106, to adjust the radial pressure on the sphere to increase and decrease the resistance to movement of the sphere inside the receptacle. In some modalities, to overcome the disadvantage of typical pole handles 1108 (shown on pole 1100), a user link 219, as described herein, may be attached to the poles (illustrated with respect to the right pole 1110), with an elastic or spring member 1112 provided to increase strength and to provide a feedback mechanism for the pole in the backward swing. The various modalities described herein lend themselves to novel methods of exercising, including any exercise that uses fixed modalities. A particularly novel method of exercise includes exercising the upper body with a natural movement and free swinging of the arms, in which resistance to the movement of the arms is provided with a resistance device that provides stressed resistance from a point of origin behind of the user and the resistance device is linked by the upper part of the user's body by means other than a closed fist, for example the link with the hand in an open and loose fist, as provided with a hand loop described in the present. The various methods of exercise may include combining the exercise of the upper body with an exercise of the lower body, as provided with any of the exercise machines discussed herein. The methods of exercise may include performing warm-up exercises, aerobic and / or strengthening training exercises, or cooling exercises, and may preferably comprise a combination thereof integrated into an exercise program.

Although various embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but is susceptible to numerous modifications of the parts, elements and materials without departing from the invention.

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS 1. - An exercise coil, characterized in that it comprises: an elongated tension member having a first and a second end; a user link connected to the first end of an elongate tension member for attaching a body appendage; a spool connected to the second end of the elongated tension member on which the elongated tension member is adapted to be wound; a resistance mechanism for resisting the unwinding of the reel, the resistance mechanism comprising a rotatable disk and a pair of feelers for linking the rotatable disk; and a retraction mechanism to automatically reel the reel. 2. The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that the retraction mechanism additionally comprises a spring. 3. The exercise coil according to claim 2, further characterized in that the spring comprises a spiral spring. 4. The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism is adjustable. 5. - The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a mounting connection for mounting the coil to a surface. 6. - The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that the user link comprises a loop. 7. - The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that the loop is cushioned. 8. - The exercise coil according to claim 7, further characterized in that the loop is adjustable. 9. The exercise coil according to claim 8, further characterized in that the loop is adjustable by the use of an adjustment mechanism selected from the group consisting of: a buckle, a set of snaps or buttons, a set of micro-hooks and micro-loops and a cable mechanism through the ring. 10.- The exercise coil in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that the resistance mechanism provides a resistance not greater than approximately 2,268 kilograms of force. 11. - The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism provides an adjustable resistance that is adjustable to provide a strength greater than approximately 2,268 kilograms of force. 12. - An exercise machine, characterized in that it comprises at least one exercise coil of claim 1. 13. - The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 12, further characterized in that it comprises an aerobic exercise machine for the lower part of the body in which the exercise coil comprises an exercise coil adapted to exercise the upper body of a user to provide full body training. 14. - The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 13, further characterized in that the exercise coil comprises an exercise coil for arm strokes forward, positioned behind a user to provide resistance to a forward rolling motion of a user's arm, while allowing the user's arm to user perform the forward rolling motion in a natural position and free swinging of the arms. 15. - The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 14, further characterized in that it additionally comprises an exercise coil for arm strokes backward, adapted for use by the same arm of the user as the exercise coil for arm strokes forward, with the exercise coil being placed for arm strokes backward in front of the user to provide resistance to a backward swinging motion of the user's arm, while allowing the user's arm to perform a backward swinging motion in the naturally extended position of the arm. 16. - The exercise machine according to claim 14, further characterized in that the user's link is adapted to link the user's hand, arm or wrist. 17. - The exercise machine according to claim 14, further characterized in that it comprises at least two exercise coils for arms, a first coil being adapted for use by the left arm of the user and a second coil being adapted for its use. Use for the user's right arm. 8. - The exercise machine according to claim 14, further characterized in that it comprises only a single exercise coil for arms, adapted to be used either by the left arm or the right arm of the user. 19. - The exercise machine according to claim 3, further characterized in that the aerobic exercise machine of the lower part of the body comprises a machine selected from the group consisting of: wheel mills, walkers / air sliders, vertical and recumbent bicycle machines, back twisting discs, cross trainers, steppers, elliptical exercise machines, cross-country and downhill skiing machines, trampolines, squat flexing machines, rowing machines, stretch machines and machines ABS. 20. - The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 14, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a structure of support mounted from the back of the user to prevent the user from being pulled back away from the machine by resistance of the arm exercise coil. 21. - The exercise machine according to claim 20, further characterized in that the support structure comprises a cushioned support adapted to be connected to the user's back or gluteus. 22. - The exercise machine according to claim 21, further characterized in that the support structure is adjustable in at least one direction in the group consisting of: up and down, forward and backward and left and right right. 23. - The exercise machine according to claim 13, further characterized in that the elongated tension member consists of a length sufficient to extend from a point of mounting the coil in the machine to the furthest point of the user's arm swing from the mounting point and the spool is dimensioned to substantially support the entire length of elongated tension member. 24. - An exercise machine, further characterized by an aerobic exercise machine of the lower body comprising a single exercise coil mounted behind the user to exercise the upper body of a user, comprising the single coil exercise a resistance mechanism for resisting the unwinding of the reel and a retraction mechanism for winding the reel, an first elongate tension member for use by the left arm of the user and having a user link connected thereto, a second elongated tension member being adapted for use by the user's right arm and having a user link connected thereto, each elongated tension member having a portion linked by the coil to provide resistance to the forward swinging motion of each arm. 25. - The machine according to claim 24, further characterized in that the first elongated tension member and the second elongate tension member comprise portions of a second elongated tension member and the portion linked by the coil comprises an intermediate portion of the single elongated tension member. 26. - The exercise machine according to claim 24, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism comprises a knob screw having an axis coaxial with the coil and a spring coaxial with the axis of the knob screw and having opposite ends , abutting one end with the knob of the knob screw and abutting the other end with the spool, in such a way that the knob is tightened, the spring compresses and exerts increased force on the spool. 27. A self-supporting exercise device, further characterized in that it comprises at least one exercise coil of claim 1. 28. - The exercise device according to claim 27, further characterized in that the link is a crossbar for linking with both hands of the user. 29. - An exercise device, characterized in that it comprises a platform and at least one exercise coil comprising an elongated tension member connected between the platform and a user link, in such a way that the user can lie down or stand on the platform and perform an exercise of the upper part of the body against the resistance of the coil. 30.- The exercise coil in accordance with the claim 1, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a clutch mechanism for unlocking the resistance mechanism during the winding of the spool. 31. - The exercise coil according to claim 30, further characterized in that the clutch is a roller clutch. 32. - The exercise coil according to claim 1, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a housing for enclosing the reel, the winding mechanism and the resistance mechanism. 33. A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the exercise device of claim 1. 34.- A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the exercise device of claim 12. 35. - A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the exercise device of claim 27. 36. - An exercise machine for exercising a user, the machine characterized in that it comprises an exercise component for the upper part of the body comprising one or more resistance devices adapted to provide resistance to a forward rolling motion of a user's arm, while allowing the user's arm to perform the forward rolling motion in a natural and free swinging position of the arm, comprising the resistance device an elongated tension member having first and second ends, and a user link being connected to the first end of the elongated tension member, wherein the user link is cushioned, adjustable or a combination thereof. 37. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the resistance device comprises a reel connected to the second end of the elongated tension member and on which the elongated tension member is adapted to be wound, a mechanism of resistance to resist unwinding of the reel and a retraction mechanism to automatically reel the reel. 38. - The exercise machine according to claim 37, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism comprises a rotatable disk and a first and a second calibrator adapted for link by friction to the rotating disk. 39.- The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism is mounted behind a user. 40.- The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 36, further characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one link support of the user placed in front of the user to hold the user link, when it is not used by the user. 41.- The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the resistance device is not located behind the user, the machine further comprising at least one slide mounted behind the user to direct the elongated tension member to the user from the resistance device, optionally in comparison with one or more additional slides. 42.- The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 41, further characterized in that the slide comprises a roller or a pulley. 43.- The exercise machine according to claim 41, further characterized in that the resistance device comprises a spring having a first end connected to the exercise machine and a second end connected to the second end of the elongated tension member. 44. - The exercise machine according to claim 41, further characterized in that the resistance device comprises a single coil comprising at least one elongated tension member having a portion linked by the coil, a first user link adapted to be used by the user's left arm and a second user link adapted to be used by the user's right arm. 45. - The exercise machine according to claim 44, further characterized in that the resistance device comprises a resistance mechanism comprising a knob screw having an axis coaxial with the reel and a spring coaxial with the axis of the screw knob and having opposite ends, abutting one end with the knob of the knob screw and abutting the other end with the reel, in such a way that the knob is tightened, the spring compresses and exerts increased force on the reel. 46.- The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 36, further characterized in that the resistance mechanism comprises an elastic member having adjustable resistance. 47. - The exercise machine according to claim 46, further characterized in that the elastic member comprises a portion having an adjustable length subject to tension, the adjustable resistance made by adjusting the section of the portion subject to tension. 48. - The exercise machine according to claim 46, further characterized in that the elastic member comprises a plurality of elastic component members, the adjustable resistance effected by as many elastic component members are subject to tension. 49. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the exercise machine comprises an aerobic exercise machine of the lower body, selected from the group consisting of: wheel mills, walkers / sliders of air, vertical and recumbent bicycle machines, torso twisting discs, cross trainers, steppers, electric exercise machines, cross-country and downhill skiing machines, trampolines, squat flexing machines, rowing machines, Stretch and abdominal machines. 50. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the exercise machine comprises a lower body exercise machine that has limited support for the foot to be linked to the exercise machine, in which the support for the foot comprises a support area having a length and a width greater than a length and width of a normal human foot, an enhanced peripheral edge and, optionally, a high traction surface. 51.- The exercise machine in accordance with the claim 50, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a support structure mounted behind a user to prevent the user from being pulled back away from the machine by the resistance provided by one or more resistance devices. 52. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that it additionally comprises a support structure mounted behind a user to prevent the user being pulled back away from the machine by the resistance provided by one or more devices of resistance. 53. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the exercise machine comprises an exercise component for the lower part of the body that has a movement and the one or more resistance devices are independent of the movement of the component of the lower part of the body. 54. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the exercise machine comprises an exercise component for the lower part of the body that has a movement and the one or more resistance devices are attached to the component of the lower part of the body and are dependent on the movement of the component of the lower part of the body. 55. - The exercise machine according to claim 36, further characterized in that the user link is adapted to be linked with an open or loose fist. 56. - A method for exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the machine of claim 36. 57. - A method for exercising, characterized in that it comprises a user who is engaged in the exercise of total body, including engaging in the exercise of the upper body by swinging the user's arms in a natural motion, in multiple planes and free swinging against a force of resistance to stress directed from a point behind the user and transmitted by an elongated tension member having a user link adapted to be linked by the user in a manner different from that of a closed fist. 58. - The method according to claim 57, further characterized in that the link is with the user's hand in an open and loose fist. 59. - The method according to claim 57, further characterized in that the user link is adjustable, cushioned or both. 60. - The method according to claim 57, further characterized in that the user link is a hand loop. 61. - The method according to claim 57, further characterized in that the resistance force is created by an exercise coil comprising a reel connected to one end of the elongated tension member and on which the elongated tension member is adapted. to roll up; a resistance mechanism to resist the unwinding of the reel and a retraction mechanism to automatically rewind the reel. 62. - The exercise reel in accordance with the claim 4, further characterized in that the adjustable resistance mechanism comprises an adjustment mechanism that is remotely operable. 63. - The exercise reel according to claim 12, further characterized in that the exercise coil comprises an adjustable resistance mechanism, remotely operable. 64. - The exercise reel according to claim 63, further characterized in that the adjustable resistance mechanism, remotely operable, comprises a remote actuator mounted on the machine. 65.- The exercise reel in accordance with the claim 63, further characterized in that the adjustable, remotely operable resistance mechanism comprises a remote actuator mounted on the user link. 66.- An exercise machine, characterized in that it comprises a training component for the lower part of the body and a training component for the upper part of the body, the training component of the upper part of the body comprising at least one pole that it provides resistance to its movement, the pole having the freedom to move in multiple planes. 67.- The exercise reel in accordance with the claim 66, further characterized in that the pole comprises a sphere and receptacle interface with the machine. 68. - The exercise machine according to claim 66, further characterized in that the pole is axially connected to the helical spring that is connected to the machine. 69. - The exercise machine according to claim 66, further characterized in that the resistance is adjustable. 70. - The exercise machine according to claim 69, further characterized in that the pole comprises a sphere and receptacle interface with the machine and the sphere and receptacle interface comprises a member for increasing and decreasing the radial pressure on the sphere. 71.- An aerobic exercise machine for the lower part of the body, characterized in that it comprises an exercise coil mounted behind the user and adapted to provide a total body workout, exercising the upper body of a user providing resistance to a movement natural and free swinging forward of the arm of the user, the coil comprising: an elongated tension member having a first and a second end and having a length sufficient to extend from a coil and machine mounting point to the point farther from the natural swing of a user's arm from the point of assembly; an adjustable padded loop connected to the first end of the elongate tension member for linking to the user's hand, arm or wrist; a spool connected to the second end of the tension release member and on which the elongated tension member is adapted to be wound, sized to hold substantially the entire length of the elongated tension member; an adjustable resistance mechanism for resisting rewinding of the reel, comprising of the resistance mechanism a rotating disc and a pair of calipers for linking to the rotating disc; a roller clutch to link with the resistance mechanism during the rewinding of the reel; a spiral spring retraction mechanism to automatically reel the reel. 72. - An exercise machine for the lower part of the body other than a treadmill, characterized in that it comprises at least one device mounted behind a user of the machine to enable and provide resistance to arm movement in multiple planes. , natural and free swinging forward of the user. 73. - An exercise machine for the lower part of the body, characterized in that it comprises at least one device permanently integrated with the machine and mounted behind the user of the machine to be possible and provide resistance to a movement of arms in multiple planes, natural and free rolling forward of a user. 74. - An exercise machine for the lower part of the body, characterized in that it is not a cross-country skiing machine, which comprises at least one device mounted on the machine to make possible and provide resistance to a movement of arms in planes Multiple, natural and free backward movement of the user. 75. - A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the machine of claim 72. 76. - A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the machine of claim 73. 77. - A method of exercising, characterized in that it comprises using the machine of claim 74. 78. - The method according to claim 33, further characterized because it includes performing warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 79. - The method according to claim 34, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 80. - The method according to claim 35, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 81. - The method according to claim 56, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 82. - The method according to claim 57, further characterized by comprising heating exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 83. - The method according to claim 75, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 84. - The method according to claim 76, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises. 85. - The method according to claim 77, further characterized by comprising warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises and / or training for strengthening or cooling exercises.