MXPA01002004A

MXPA01002004A - Oral liquid mucoadhesive compositions

Info

Publication number: MXPA01002004A
Application number: MXPA/A/2001/002004A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Douglas Joseph Dobrozsi
Original assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date: 1998-08-24
Filing date: 2001-02-23
Publication date: 2001-12-04

Abstract

The present invention relates to a per oral, oral or intranasal pharmaceutical mucoretentive, aqueous liquid composition comprising from about 2%to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of colloidal particles of silica, titanium dioxide, clay, and mixtures thereof and a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical active selected from the group consisting of analgesics, decongestants, expectorants, antitussives, antihistamines, sensory agents, gastrointestinal agents, and mixtures thereof;wherein the composition has a sedimentation volume ratio of greater than about 0.90 and wherein the triggered viscosity ratio of the composition is at least about 1.2. The present invention further relates to a method of coating the alimentary canal and nasal mucosa, in particular to a method of preventing or treating symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections or upper respiratory tract tissue irritation or damage, by administering a safe and effective amount of the above composition.

Description

COMPOSITIONS MUCOADHES.VAS ORAL LIQUIDS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mucoadhesion has been a technology of great interest for pharmaceutical formulators and drug delivery scientists for many years. "Adhesion" refers to the relationship between two bodies, an adhesive and a substrate (both existing as condensed phases), when held together for a prolonged period of time by interfacial forces. Patrick R.L .: Introduction. In Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 1: Theory. R.L. Patrick, Editor Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 1966, pages1-7. An "adhesive" is a substance capable of retaining materials together by surface bonding. The establishment of an adhesive bond between two materials leads to a reduction in total surface energy in the system because two free surfaces are replaced by a new surface. "Bioadhesion" means that at least one of the surfaces is of biological origin. When the surface is the adherent mucosal layer covering one of the mucosal epithelium, such as the inner part of the gastrointestinal tract, nasal tract or vaginal cavity, the term "mucoadhesion" is used. Mucoadhesive materials are useful in a variety of applications, particularly in pharmaceutical compositions. Mucoadhesive pharmaceutical compositions can provide coating and prolonged and improved protection of the mouth, esophagus, oropharynx, and / or stomach to inhibit irritation and / or accelerate the healing of inflamed or damaged tissue. In addition, the sustained or prolonged coating provides a matrix for delivering therapeutic agents to mucosal tissues at higher concentrations for greater efficacy, fewer side effects, and / or sustained release of the active agent. The compositions of the present invention are applied directly to the mucosa or administered as peroral liquid suspensions. In this way, there is a need to identify formulations that adhere satisfactorily and actually to the gastrointestinal mucosa. Virtually all mucoadhesive systems of the prior art require polymers to provide the mucoadhesive benefit. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,458,879, Singh et al., Issued October 17, 1995, discloses solid oral, drug-soluble mucoadhesive vehicle compositions comprising from about 0.05 to about 20% of a mucoadhesive polymer water soluble selected from the group consisting of poly (ethylene) oxide, poly (ethylene glycol), poly (vinyl) alcohol, poly (vinylpyrrolidine), poly (acrylic) acid, poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and chitosan, and mixtures thereof, and also preferably comprises one or more pharmaceutical actives preferably an active for cough / cold, at a level of from about 0.01% to about 50%.

Other references featuring mucoadhesive polymer systems include: EP 526,862, Esposito et al., Published 2/14/96, Vectorpharma; WO 91/06289, Sanvordeker, et al., Published 5/16/91, Watson Labs .; patent of E.U.A. No. 3,352,752, Puetzer, et al., Issued 11/14/67; WO 92/21325, Fouche, published on 10/12/92, Union Metropolltaine; U.S. Patent No. 5,225,196, Robinson, issued 7/7/93, Columbia Laboratories; WO 92/09286, Davis et al., Published on 11/6/92, Beecham Group PLC; Patent of E.U.A. 4,427,681, Munshi et al., Issued 1/24/84, RVI; WO 96/20696, Ruddy et al., Published on 11/7/96 Eastman Kodak; Patent of E.U.A. 5,858,108, Ruddy et al., Issued 12/17/96, Nanosystems; EP 062,578, Bodin et al., Published 6/20/84, Laboratories Human-Pharm; WO 92/12600, Meignant, published on 10/4/97. The inventors have surprisingly discovered that certain pharmaceutical materials (titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and / or clays) provide mucoadhesive effects. When formulated in certain proportions in aqueous colloidal dispersions with drug active, and in the form of a liquid that can flow, these materials are able to interact with glycoprotein, especially mucin, transforming into a viscous gel, to become effective mucoadhesive systems. This adhesion occurs even if the formulation does not contain any material previously considered as mucoadhesive, for example, polymers. These formulations of the present invention provide prolonged and improved coating and protection of the mouth, esophagus, oropharynx, and / or stomach to relieve irritation, pain and discomfort associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as laryngopharyngitis ("sore throat") and other infections / conditions / irritations of the upper respiratory tract. In addition, these formulations can provide a matrix for delivering an active ingredient in a more intimate, concentrated and sustained contact with the irritated area.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid, aqueous, mucorretentive pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) from about 2% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of colloidal particles selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium dioxide, clay , and mixtures thereof; b) a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical active selected from the group consisting of analgesics, decongestants, expectorants, antitussives, antihistamines, bronchodilators, topical anesthetics, sensitivity agents, oral care agents, various agents for respiration, gastrointestinal agents , and mixtures thereof; Where the composition has a sedimentation volume ratio of more than about 0.90 and wherein the activated viscosity ratio of the composition is at least 1.2. The present invention also relates to a method for coating the digestive tract (nasal cavity, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and small intestine), in particular to a method for preventing or treating symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections or tissue irritation or injury of the lower respiratory tract, administering a safe and effective amount of the previous composition. All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight and all measurements are at room temperature, unless otherwise indicated. As used herein, "mi" means milliliter, "mm" means millimeter, and "nm" means nanometer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Figure 1 is an idealized rheogram that is useful for graphically displaying a number of terms and concepts used in the present invention. Figure 1 is a graph of the logarithm of the shear stress applied to the logarithm of the viscosity. A represents the viscosity of zero shear stress. B represents the yield stress, and C represents the high shear viscosity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows graphically the logarithm of the shear stress applied to the logarithm of the viscosity. Figure 1 is a representative rheogram resulting from the evaluation of a liquid slimming material by viscous shear stress in a controlled stress rheometer. In the stress elevation test, which can be carried out at room temperature or body temperature, depending on the objective of the experiment, a very low shear stress is initially applied to the sample, and gradually but continuously stress strain The shear rate is increased, and all this at the same time that the shear velocity that results in the sample is determined. Figure 1 is useful for defining terms related to the viscosity and fluid properties of liquid materials, particularly the shear thinning liquids claimed herein. The term "thinning by shear stress" as used herein refers to a liquid having a higher viscosity when the applied shear stress is very low. At higher shear forces a shear thinning liquid has a lower viscosity. This low viscosity characteristic of a shear thinning composition under high shear stress is termed the "high shear viscosity" C. Because the structure in the liquid is not changed by the initial low shear stress applied In the test, the viscosity of the composition does not change to a greater degree. However, as the shear stress increases, there will be a disproportionate increase in the shear rate (flow) as the internal structure in the fluid decomposes, and correspondingly, the viscosity decreases. The tension applied to the fluid in which the fast fluid starts is called the "yield stress" (or "yield value") B. The shear stress viscosity A is a measure of the internal structure in the liquid formulation and is the viscosity when the tension below the yield stress is applied. The shear stress viscosity can be determined accurately by the progressive strain compliance method using a controlled, sensitive voltage rheometer. This method is described in the book "A Practical Approach to Rheology and Rheometry" by Gebhard Schramm, 1994 p.107, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A sample with a volume of approximately 0.9 ml of liquid is placed on the rheometer plate (Haake RS150), and a cone measurement sensor with a 4-degree angle of 35mm is lowered to the measurement position. A shear stress of about 20 per second is applied for approximately 10 and 20 seconds; then no tension is applied for 2 minutes. At the end of 2 minutes, an instantaneous voltage is applied and it is kept constant for 5 minutes. This progressive strain tension should be less than the yield stress. It generates a graph of the deformation induced in the sample on the y axis against the time in which the progressive strain stress is applied on the x axis. This graph will show a large instantaneous increase in deformation at the beginning of the test, and after a certain period of curvature the graph will show that the deformation increased proportionally in a straight line with time. The calculated slope of this strain-time line is divided by the progressive strain applied to give a viscosity. As long as the progressive strain stress is less than the liquid yield stress, then the viscosity determined in this manner is the zero shear viscosity A. The colloidal suspensions of the present invention should have a high shear viscosity of zero. . The high shear viscosity of the compositions herein should be more than about 2,000 pascal seconds, preferably more than 7,500 pascal seconds, most preferably more than about 25,000 pascal seconds. Other terms useful herein are defined below. Additionally, the terms used in the art, as well as general concepts, are also described in "The Language of Colloid and Interface Science" by Laurier L. Schramm, American Chemical Society, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety The term "shear stress" as used herein is the rate of deformation of a fluid when subjected to a mechanical shear stress. In a simple shearing effort of fluid, the layers successive fluid moves relative to each other so that the displacement of any layer is proportional to its distance from a reference layer. The relative displacement of any two layers divided by the distance of separation from each other is termed the "shear stress" or the "shear strain". The rate of change with the shear time is called the "shear rate". A certain applied force is needed to produce deformation in a fluid. For a flat area around some point in the fluid and at the limit of the decreasing area, the component of the deformation forces per unit area acting parallel to the plane is the "shear stress". The "viscosity" of a viscous material, also called the viscosity index, is defined as the ratio of the shear stress applied in said material, divided by the shear rate that results. Materials with a higher viscosity have a higher resistance to fluid, or forces that can induce fluid, compared to a material with lower viscosity. All viscosities listed herein are at a shear rate of about 50 per second unless otherwise indicated. All the rheological characteristics given herein can be measured in a controlled voltage rotary viscometer capable of operating in a controlled speed mode, for example Haake RS 150 by Haake GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany; Carrimed CSL 500 Controlled Stress Rheometer by TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware; and Rheometric SR5, by Rheometric Scientific, Piscataway, NJ. The present invention relates to mucoadhesive formulations comprising colloidal suspensions that form a coating matrix on the epithelium of the digestive tract and / or the gastrointestinal tract. The term "colloidal" as used herein refers to finely divided solid material wherein the particles of Ti02, SiO2, and / or clay (dispersed in another liquid phase) have a particle size generally of less than 10 microns, or the particles have at least one dimension between 1 and about 1000 nm. The particle size of the solid particles of the present invention is colloidal in dimension (from about 1 nm to about 10 microns), preferably about 1,000 nm or less. The small particle size increases the surface area for enhanced adsorption or bridging of the particle to mucin. The term "colloidal suspension" as used herein refers to a system wherein essentially solid colloidal particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition or state, for example water. The colloidal suspensions of the present invention form a coating matrix on the mucosal epithelium of the digestive tract and / or gastrointestinal tract. The term "mucoadhesive" or "bioadhesive" as used herein refers to the phenomenon wherein the natural or synthetic substance applied to the mucosal epithelium, it adheres, usually creating a new interface, to the mucous layer. (CRC Critique! Reviews in The Drug Carrier, Vol. 5 publication 1 (1988) page 21). In general, mucoadhesion can be achieved through physical or chemical procedures or both. This mechanism is described in J. Controlled Reléase, Vol. 2 (1982) page 257 and J. Controlled Reléase, Vol. 18 (1992) p. 249. The above references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The term "mucorretentive" (or "retentive") as used herein refers to a degree of resistance to the normal physiological propelling mechanism that involves the contraction of both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers, which transports substances through the gastrointestinal tract. , that is, resistance to peristalsis. In addition, "mucorretentive" refers to a degree of resistance of the composition to the washing and dissolving forces of fluids in the gastrointestinal tract. The inventor has contemplated and employed a test that measures the tendency of a liquid formulation to coat tissues of the digestive tract and / or gastrointestinal tissue and to withstand the forces of shearing and rinsing of the gastrointestinal fluid. This test was based on a method used to evaluate the ability of gastrointestinal therapeutic formulations to bind and be retained in the mucosa of the esophagus, LR Fitzpatrick et al, "A comparison of sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate formulations in rabbit esophageal models", Gastroenteroloqy Vol 108, page A94. This reference is incorporated herein in its entirety. In this method a recently collected esophagus of a rabbit or a rat is cut into sections of approximately 2 cm in length. This tissue is turned inside out on a glass rod so that the surface of the mucosa is facing outward. This mucosal surface can then be submerged in the formulation. Formulations with preferred rheological properties will tend to spread on the mucosa and then form a coherent coating layer. Resistance to mechanical force and washing can be determined by vertically immersing the coated tissue in gastrointestinal fluid over and over again by reciprocation. The amount of formulation remaining coated on the tissue at the end of 30 rinses in gastrointestinal fluid has been determined as a useful number to determine if the formulation has mucorretentive properties. (Gastrointestinal fluid includes saliva, gastric juices, intestinal fluid, mixtures thereof, and TS USP Simulated Gastric Fluid described in US Pharmacopoeia 23,1995, US Pharmacopoeia Convention, Rockville, MD p. 2053). This can be quantified by a specific chemical analytical technique for a component of the formulation, or by the incorporation of a non-diffusing colloidal marker material, easily measured in the formulation before the test. The mucorretentive compositions of the present invention have, after 30 rinses in simulated saliva, at least 80% of the initial amount still adhered to the tissue, preferably at least about 85%, most preferably at least about 90%. The simulated saliva used for this test was adapted from Fusayama, T., Katayori, S., Nomoto, S., 1963. "Corrosion of gold and amalgam placed in contact with each other "J. Dent. Res. 42, 1183-1197 and contains based on mg / ml: 0.4 KCl, 0.4 NaCl, 0.013, 0.018 MgCl2, 4.2 K2HPO4, 3.2 KH2PO4, 0.19 KOH, and submaxillary mucin of bovine 4.0 The mucorretentive compositions of the present invention, for use in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, have, after 30 rinses in simulated gastric fluid, at least about 80% of the initial amount still adhered to the tissue, preferably by least 85%, most preferably at least 90%. The term "digestive tract" as used herein refers to that part of the gastrointestinal tract formed by the nasal cavity, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and small intestine. The term "glycoprotein" as used herein refers to a class of conjugated proteins comprising a protein compound with a carbohydrate group. The glycoproteins produce, in decomposition, a product frequently capable of reducing alkaline solutions of cupric oxide. Glycoproteins include mucins, mucoids and chondroproteins. The term "mucin" as used herein includes what is contained in the saliva, gastrointestinal fluid and / or associated with the tissue surface of the gastrointestinal tract digestive tract. Mucin is produced inside the body and provides lubrication and protection to mucous surfaces. It consists of a protein base structure, to which many polysaccharide chains bind. In the dry state, the mucin material is 70 to 80% by weight, carbohydrate. Mucin, with its high weight molecular, forms chains as long as 4-6 microns, and can be effective to form bridges of a colloidal suspension of particles that adsorb it. (Neutra M.R. and Forstner F.J. "Gastrointestinal mucus: Synthesis, secretion, and function." Phvsioloqy of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 1987, pp. 975-1009). In order to provide suspensions with acceptable aesthetics, it is desirable that the suspensions are thinned when agitated and / or poured into a spoon, cup, or other dosing apparatus. Said agitation and pouring subject the suspensions at a shear rate of about 10 to about 1000 per second. In addition, when ingested, a liquid is subjected to a shear rate of about 10 to about 100 per second. It is also critical that suspensions are significantly thinned when they are ingested in order to achieve adequate spreading and coating of the digestive tract and gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, when subjected to shear rate of about 100 per second, the liquid compositions herein have a viscosity of less than 1.5 pascal seconds, preferably less than .75 pascal seconds, most preferably less than 0.5 pascal seconds. The solid particles of the present invention should be selected and formulated so that contact and mixing of the formulation of the present invention (hereinafter "the formulation") to a mucosal surface of the digestive tract activates the conversion of the formulation to a more viscous gel type mix. In other words, after the formulation is mixed with the gastrointestinal fluid, the viscosity of the formulation is greater than the viscosity of the formulation before mixing, or of the gastrointestinal coating fluid mixture alone. The value of an activated viscosity ratio of the formulation ("T") is useful in determining the degree to which the composition exhibits the gelling characteristic described above. The formula and procedure for determining the activated viscosity ratio is subsequently established. It is desirable that the compositions of the present invention have an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.2, most preferably at least about 1.4, and most preferably at least about 1.5 where the activated viscosity is defined by the following formula: T = wherein? g = viscosity of the gel and where? f = viscosity of the formulation of the present invention. As used herein, the term "gel" describes the substance that results from the combination of mucin / saliva mixture and the formulation of the present invention. To determine the viscosity ratio activated in the present, the saliva-mucin mixture contains based on mg / ml: KCl 3.32; NaCl 3.32; Na2S04 0.108; MgCl 2 0.150; K2HP04 34. 86; KH2PO4 26.56; KOH 1.57, and submaxial bovine mucin 83. Mucin is commercially available from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, as submaxillary mucin from bovine type I, catalog # M4503. The activated viscosity ratio of a formulation can be determined by the following method. First, the viscosity of the formulation (? F) is determined in a rheometer using a shear rate of 50 per second. For the determination of? F, 0.9 ml of the formulation are placed on the plate of a Haake RS150 rheometer. The temperature is controlled in the typical room temperature scale, approximately 23 ° C. A cover is used on the measuring system to prevent evaporation of water from the sample during the test. A cone measurement system with a 4-degree angle, 35 mm in diameter, is lowered onto the sample, and an equilibrium shearing force of approximately 20 per second is applied for 20 seconds. After a period of rest in which no tension is applied for 2 minutes, a constant shear rate of 50 per second is applied for 65 seconds. The viscosity? F is read from the instrument at the time point of 60 seconds. For the determination of? G, 0.5 ml of the saliva / mucin mixture defined above is combined with 4.5 ml of the formulation and the two are mixed together gently for 5 minutes. The mixture is then loaded onto the plate of the same rheometer used for the measurement of? F except that the temperature is controlled at the temperature normal body of a human, 37 ° C. An identical rheometer measurement program is used for the determination of? F. The activated viscosity factor is calculated from? F and? G as described by the above formula. The mucoadhesive dispersion of the present invention has several benefits: it protects the mucosa from acids, pepsin, bile, foods or beverages known to induce irritations such as heartburn or dyspepsia; exogenous or endogenous irritants that induce cough or sore throat or that cause nasal congestion; promote the healing of injured mucosa due to ulcers, reflux of gastric contents, etc .; sustained retention of assets on the mucosa; sustained release of active substances on the mucosa or through the digestive tract and / or gastrointestinal tract, etc. The compositions of the present invention provide coating on inflamed and / or injured tissue, as well as normal mucosal tissue. Preferably, the compositions of the present invention comprise only low levels of bioadhesive polymers, especially high molecular weight polymers, preferably less than about 1%, most preferably less than about 0.5%, yet most preferably are essentially free of bioadhesive polymers, especially high molecular weight polymers; for example, those having a molecular weight of at least 2,000 such as those described in the U.S. patent. No. 5,458,879, Singh et al., Issued October 17, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, if the compositions of the present invention comprise a polymer, the ratio of colloidal particles (clay, silica and / or titanium dioxide) to polymer is at least 10: 1, preferably at least 20: 1, most preferably at least 35: 1 to 45: 1.

Sedimentation volume ratio Another essential characteristic of the compositions of the present invention is that the compositions have a sedimentation volume ratio greater than 0.90., preferably of more than 0.95, more preferably greater than 0.98 and even more preferably of about 1 (after about 48 hours). The sedimentation volume ratio is determined by carefully filling a sample of the formulation in a graduated cylinder of clear glass, covering the cylinder to prevent any evaporation, and allowing the formulation to remain undisturbed and free of significant vibration. After at least 48 hours, determine the total volume occupied in the cylinder (V0) and the final volume (Vu) of any sediment that may have formed by settling the components of the suspension below the total volume. This procedure is explained in "Coarse Dispersions", chapter 18 in Phvsical Pharmacv. A. Martin, Lea and Febiger, Malvern, PA, 1993, page 480, which is incorporated herein by reference. The ratio of sedimentation volume is then the ratio of the final volume to the volume occupied (Vu? 0).

Most preferably the colloidal particles of the composition of the present invention have a higher concentration than that required to have a sedimentation volume ratio of 1.0.

Particulate Compound The compositions of the present invention comprise a safe and effective amount of a particulate component that provides the mucoadhesive benefit. The particulate component comprises colloidal particles selected from the group consisting of silica, titanium dioxide, clay and mixtures thereof.

Silicon dioxide (silica) Silicon dioxide is present at a level of from about 2% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from 3% to about 20%, more preferably from 4% to about 9% by weight . Any of the available forms are acceptable for use in the present invention such as fuming silicon dioxide, precipitated silicon dioxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, coacervate or gels. The fuming silicon dioxide is especially effective from 5% to about 20% by weight. These silica particles can be chemically modified surface, for example with methyl siloxane, to improve the tissue barrier properties of the coating to hydrophilic substances.

Silicon dioxide with small particle sizes is preferred, ie, silicon dioxide having an average particle size of less than about 1 miera.

Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide is present at a level of from about 2% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 3% to about 20%, more preferably from about 4% to about 9% by weight. weight. Any of the available pharmaceutical grade forms of titanium dioxide are acceptable for use in the present invention with the proviso that said forms achieve the mucin interaction (T values) described above and efficiently achieve an acceptable sedimentation volume ratio for the purposes of the present invention. Such forms include rutila, crystalline anatase form, amorphous form, and any other form that is acceptable for the purposes of the present invention. These titanium dioxide particles may preferably be chemically modified surface, for example with alumina, silica, or other stabilizing agent, to improve the tissue barrier properties of the coating to hydrophilic substances. The two main procedures used in the manufacture of titanium dioxide are sulfate and chloride. The procedures are usually followed by modification of particle surfaces with treatments and coatings. Certain additives are used to modify titanium dioxide affecting surface properties, for example zinc salts that form zinc titanate on glass surfaces, coatings of alumina, silica, and titania in aqueous dispersions. In addition, the titanium dioxide can be further modified by organic surface treatments. Organic surface treatments include surface surfactants, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, dehydrated castor oil acid, and derivatives of those compounds, and mixtures thereof. Additional details of surface properties of titanium dioxide are found in H.S. Ritter, "Surface Properties of Titanium Dioxide Pigments", Piqment Handbook, Chemical Division, PPG Industries (1973), Volume 3, 169-184. Preference is given to titanium dioxide of small particle size, ie, titanium dioxide having an average particle size of less than 1 miera. Preferably, the compositions comprise uncoated titanium dioxide having an average particle size of 20 nm to about 400 nm, still more preferably of about 50 nm. The titanium dioxide and silica products include those available from Warner Jenkinson, S. Plainfield, NJ; Degussa, Ridgefield Park, NJ; Cabot Corp., Tuscola, IL.

Clays Clay is present at a level of 2% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from 3.5% to about %, more preferably from 4% to about 10% by weight. The clays are composed of fine particles of clay minerals that are hydrated layer-type silicates (containing hydroxyl structural groups) of aluminum, magnesium, potassium, iron and other less abundant elements, particularly alkalis and alkaline earth metals. Silicates of aluminum, magnesium and iron are preferred. Aluminum silicates are more preferred. Magnesium aluminum silicate (or magnesium aluminum silicate), which occurs naturally in such smectite minerals such as colerainite, saponite and safirin, is preferred. The refined magnesium aluminum silicates useful herein are already available as Veegum, manufactured by R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. The clay may also contain varying amounts of non-clay minerals such as quartz, calcite, feldspar and pyrite. Preferred clays useful herein are clays that swell with water. The term "clay" as used herein, includes but is not limited to kaolin minerals such as kaolinite, china clay, dickite, nacrite, halloysite; serpentine minerals such as lizardite, halloysite, chrysotile, antigorite, carlosturanite, amestite, cronstedite, chamosite, bertierina, garierita; talcum powder; pyrophyllite; ferriphophyllite; smectites such as montmorilonites, beidelite, nontronite, hectorite, saponite, sauconite, medmontite, pimelite, bentonite; lita minerals such as lediqueta, bravaisite, degraded mica, hydromica, hydromuscovita, hydrated illite, hydrated mica, K-mica, micaceous clay and sericite; mica such as pegmatite, muscovite and phlogopite; mica brittle such as daisy and clintonite; glauconite; celadonite; chlorite and vermiculite such as penin, clinochlora, chamosite, nimite, baileyclora, donbasita, coquita, sudoite, franklinfumaceita; paligorskite and sepiolite minerals such as attapulgite; allophan and imogolite; mixed-layer clay minerals such as talc-chlorite; and mixtures thereof. Preferred clays are selected from the group consisting of kaolin ores, smectites, mica and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are clays selected from the group consisting of laponite, bentonite, hectorite, saponite, montmorillonites, and mixtures thereof. Any of the available forms are acceptable for use in the present invention such as colloidal clays, for example magnesium aluminosilicate, magnesium bentonite, attapulgite, sodium bentonite magma, etc. Clays that are useful in the present invention include clays mined, naturally occurring clays as well as synthetic clays. The clays must be pharmaceutically acceptable. A more detailed description of the clays and clay minerals useful herein can be found in the following three references, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety: Kirk-Othmer, Encvclopedia of Chemical Technology. Fourth Edition, Vol. 6, pages 381-423; Dell, D.J. "Smectite Clays in Personal Care Products", Cosmetics & Toiletries. Vol. 108, May 1993, pages 79-85; and Theng B.K.G., "Formation and Properties of Clay-Polymer Complexes," Developments in Soil Science.

Vol. 9. The clays include products available from Southern Clay Products, Gonzalez, TX; Generichem, Totowa, NJ; R.T. Vanderbilt, Norwalk, CT; Smeotite, Inc., Casper, NY.

The active agent The compositions of the present invention also comprise a safe and effective amount of at least one pharmacologically active agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) analgesics, (b) decongestants, (c) expectorants, (d) antitussives , (e) antihistamines, (f) bronchodiators, (g) topical anesthetics, (h) sensitivity agents, (i) agents for oral care, (j) various agents for respiration, (k) gastrointestinal agents, and mixtures thereof. The level of pharmacologically active agent is from about 0.01% to about 50%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 35%, by weight of the composition, unless otherwise indicated. The active agent can be soluble in water, slightly soluble in water, or insoluble in water and have particle sizes generally of at least 1 miera.

Analgesics Analgesics useful for the invention include any narcotic and non-narcotic analgesic, such as menthol, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, salicylates including aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), salsalate, salicylate, sodium, diflunisal, etc., and mixtures thereof, ndometacin and optically active isomers or racemates or active metabolites of NSAIDs (NSAIDs include propionic acid derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, phenamic acid derivatives, diphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives and oxicames ) including fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, etodolac, indometacin, ketorolac, nabumetone, sulindac, tolmetin, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid, piroxicam, bromfenac, carprofen, thiaprofenic acid, cycloprofen, diclofenac, benzidomine, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof. All of these, as well as their acceptable dose scales, are described in the following documents: patent of E.U.A. 4,749,720 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,749,721 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,749,722 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,749,723 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,749,711 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,749,697 to Sunshine et al, issued June 7, 1988; patent of E.U.A. 4,783,465 to Sunshine et al, issued November 8, 1988, US patent. 4,619,934 to Sunshine et al, issued October 28, 1986; patent of E.U.A. 4,840,962 to Sunshine et al, issued June 20, 1989; patent of E.U.A. 4,906,625 to Sunshine et al, issued March 6, 1990; patent of E.U.A. 5,025,019 to Sunshine et al, issued June 18, 1991; patent of E.U.A. 4,552,899 to Sunshine et al, issued November 12, 1985, Facts and Comparisons, 1998, p. 242-260, all of the foregoing are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Deconquests. expectorants, antitussives The decongestants prepared for use in the compositions of the present invention include pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine, epinephrine, ephedrine, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof. Expectorants (also known as mucolytic agents) preferred for use in the present invention include guaifenesin, iodinated glycerol, glyceryl guaiacolate, terpine hydrate, ammonium chloride, N-acetylcysteine and bromhexine, ambroxol, iodide, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and mixtures thereof. Preferred antitussives for use in the present invention include those such as menthol (also can be used as an analgesic), dextromethorphan, clofedianol, carbetapentane, caramiphen, noscapine, diphenylhydramine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, fominoben, benzonatate, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and mixtures thereof. All of these components, as well as their acceptable dose scales, are described in the following documents: US patents. from Sunshine et al, listed previously under analgesics; patent of E.U.A. 4,619,934 to Sunshine et al, issued October 28, 1986, Facts and Camparisons, 1998, p. 173-228, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Antihistamines Examples of preferred antihistaminic agents for use in the present invention include sedative and non-sedating antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, clemastine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, dexbrompheniramine, tripolidine, doxylamine, tripelenamine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxime, doxylamine, bromadiphenhydramine, hydroxyzine. , pyrilamine, promethazine, acrivastine, AHR-11325, fenindamine, astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, cetirizine, ebastine, fexofenadine, cetotifen, lodoxin, loratidine, descarboethoxyloratadine, levocabastine, mequitazine, oxatomide, setastine, taziphiline, temelastin, terfenadine, tripelenamine, carboxylate of terfenadine, phenyltoloxamine, pheniramine, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutically active metabolites thereof, optically active isomers or racemates, and mixtures thereof. All of these antihistamines, as well as their acceptable dose scales are described in: U.S. Patents. from Sunshine et al., listed previously under analgesics; Facts and Comparisons, 1998, p. 188-195, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Bronchodilators Also useful are bronchodilators such as terbutaline sulfate, isoetarin, aminophylline, oxytrifylline, difillin, ethylnorepinephrine, isoproterenol, epinephrine, isoprenaline, metaproterenol, bitoterol, theophylline, albuterol, isoproterenol and phenylephrine bitartrate, bitolterol, ephedrine sulfate, pirbuterol, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. All of these bronchodilators, as well as their acceptable dose scales, are described in Facts and Comparisons, 1998, p. 173b-179e, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Topical anesthetics Topical anesthetics include lidocaine, dibucaine, dyclonine, benzocaine, butamben, tetracaine, praxomine, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and mixtures thereof. All these agents, as well as their acceptable dose scales, are described in Facts and Compari- sons, 1998, p. 601-607, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Sensitizing agents Also useful herein are the sensitivity agents selected from the group consisting of refreshing agents, salivating agents and heating agents. Preferably these agents are present in the compositions at a level of about 0.001% a about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the composition. Suitable cooling agents include carboxamides, menthols, thymol, camphor, chilli, phenol, eucalyptus oil, benzyl alcohol, salicylic alcohol, ethanol, clove oil and hexylresorcinol, ketals, diols, and mixtures thereof. Preferred coolants are carboxamide paramentan agents such as N-ethyl-p-methan-3-carboxamide (WS-3 supplied by Sterling Organics), filed by the US patent. 4,136,163, issued January 23, 1979, to Watson et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Another preferred carboxyamide paramentan agent is N-2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide, known as "WS-23", and mixtures of WS-3 and WS-23. Additional preferred refreshing agents are selected from the group consisting of menthol, 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol, known as TK-10 supplied by Takasago Perfumery Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, menthone glycerol acetal known as MGA, manufactured by Haarmann and Reimer, menthyl lactate known as Frescolat® manufactured by Haarmann and Reimer, and mixtures thereof. Additional cooling agents include cyclic sulfones and sulfoxides and others, all of which are described in the US patent. 4,032,661, issued June 28, 1977, to Rowsell et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference.

The terms "menthol" and "menthyl" as used herein include dextro and levorotatory isomers of these compounds and racemic mixtures thereof. TK-10 is described in detail in the US patent. 4,459,425, issued July 10, 1984 to Amano et al, and is incorporated herein by reference. The salivating agents of the present invention include Jambu® manufactured by Takasago Perfumery Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Heating agents include chilli and nicotinate esters, such as benzyl nicotinate.

Various agents for respiration Also useful herein are the various agents for respiration selected from the group consisting of leukotriene receptor antagonists such as zafirlukast, zileuton; nasal inhalation products such as corticosteroids, other steroids, beclomethasone, flunisolide, triamcinolone; mucolytics such as acetylcysteine; anticholinergics such as ipatropium bromide; cromolyn-sodium, nedocromil-sodium; lung surfactants; and mixtures thereof. Preferably these agents are present in the compositions at a level of about 0.001% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.

Oral Care Agents The active agent of the present invention may also comprise those agents useful in the treatment of disorders of the oral cavity such as plaque, gingivitis, periodontal disease, malodour and caries. These agents include anti-inflammatory agents, fluoride and antimicrobial agents, bisphosphonates, anticalculus agents such as pyrophosphates, H-2 receptor antagonists, and mixtures thereof.

Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial agents may also be present in the compositions of the present invention. Such agents may include but are not limited to triclosan, 5-chloro-2 (-2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, as described in The Merck Index, 11th edition (1989), page 1529 (entry 9573), in the patent from the USA do not. 3,506,720 and in the European patent application no. 0,251, 591 of Beecham Group, PLC, published January 7, 1988 chorhexidine (Merck Index, No. 2090), alexidine (Merck Index, No. 222) hexetidine (Merck Index, No. 4624); sanguinarine (Merck Index, No. 8320) benzalkonium chloride (Merck Index, No. 1066); salicylanilide (Merck Index, No. 8299); domiphene bromide (Merck Index, No. 3411); cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (Merck Index, No. 2024); tetradecylpyridinium chloride (TPC); N-tetradecyl-4-ethylpyridinium chloride (TDEPC); octanidine; delmopinol, octapinol and other piperidino derivatives; preparations of zinc / tin ion agents; antibiotics such as augmentin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline and metrodinazole; nystatin, tannic acid (forms a protective film on cold sores, fever blisters and small ulcers) clotrimazole, carbamide peroxide, anlexanox (indicated for the treatment of thrush); and analogs and salts of the antimicrobial antiplaque agents mentioned. In general, antimicrobial agents comprise from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the compositions of the present invention.

Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-inflammatory agents may also be present as the active agent in the compositions of the present invention. These agents are described in the previous paragraphs in the analgesics section.

Anti-inflammatory agents generally comprise from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the compositions of the present invention.

Fluoride Ions The present invention can also incorporate free fluoride ions. The free fluoride ions which are preferred can be provided by sodium fluoride, tin fluoride, indium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate. Sodium fluoride is the free fluoride ion that is mainly preferred. Norris et al., Patent of E.U.A. do not. 2,946,725, issued July 26, 1960 and Widder et al., U.S. Patent. No. 3,678, 154 issued July 8, 1972, describe said salts and others. These patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The present composition may contain about 50 ppm to about 3500 ppm, and preferably from about 500 ppm to about 3000 ppm of free fluoride ions.

Anticalculus Agents The present invention may also include an anticalculus agent, preferably a pyrophosphate ion source which is a pyrophosphate salt. Pyrophosphate salts useful in the present compositions include the dialkali metal pyrophosphate salts, tetraalkali metal pyrophosphate salts, and mixtures thereof. The preferred species are disodium diacid pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2Or), tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2? 7), and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in its non-hydrated forms, as well as hydrated. In the compositions of the present invention, the pyrophosphate salt may be present in one of three ways: predominantly dissolved, not predominantly dissolved, or a mixture of dissolved and undissolved pyrophosphate. The compositions comprising predominantly dissolved pyrophosphate refer to compositions wherein at least one source of pyrophosphate ion is in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 1.0% of free pyrophosphate ions. The amount of free pyrophosphate ions can be from 1% to about 15%, preferably from about 1.5% to about 10%, and very much preferably from about 2% to about 6%. The free pyrophosphate ions may be present in a variety of protonated states depending on the pH of the composition. The compositions comprising predominantly undissolved pyrophosphate refer to compositions containing no more than about 20% of the total pyrophosphate salt dissolved in the composition, preferably less than about 10% of the total dissolved piphosphate in the composition. The tetrasodium pyrophosphate salt is the preferred pyrophosphate salt in these compositions. The tetrasodium pyrophosphate may be the anhydrous salt form or the decahydrated form, or any other stable species in solid form in the present compositions. The salt is in its solid particle form, which may be its crystalline and / or amorphous state, preferably the particle size of the salt being small enough to be aesthetically acceptable and easily soluble during use. The amount of pyrophosphate salt useful in the preparation of these compositions is any effective amount from tartar control, and is generally from about 1.5% to about 15%, preferably from about 2% to about 10%, and much most preferably from about 3% to about 8% by weight of the composition. The compositions may also comprise a mixture of dissolved and undissolved pyrophosphate salts. Any of the salts mentioned above can be used. The pyrophosphate salts are described in more detail in Kirk & Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition Volume 17, Wiley-lnterscience Publishers (1982), incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including all references incorporated in Kirk & Othmer Optional agents that will be used in place of or in combination with the pyrophosphate salt include polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), zinc citrate trihydrate, polyphosphates, diphthonates (e.g., EHDP, AHP), polypeptides (such as polyaspartic and polyglutamic acids) and mixtures of these.

H-2 Receptor Antagonist The active agent of the present invention can also be a selective H-2 antagonist including the compounds described in the U.S.A. do not. 5,294,433, Singer et al., Issued March 15, 1994, which is incorporated for full reference.

Gastrointestinal Agents Examples of gastrointestinal agents that are preferred for use in the present invention include anticholinergics, including: atropine, clidinium and dicyclomin; antacids, including aluminum hydroxide, basic bismuth salts, as well as bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth ranitidine citrate, bismuth subcitrate, bismuth subnitrate, aluminum or bismuth salts of polysulphated saccharides such as aluminum octasulfate-sucrose or bismuth octasulfate - Sucrose, simethicone, magaldrate and calcium carbonate (other examples of antacids can be found in 21CFR 331.11 which is incorporated herein by reference); H2 receptor antagonists, including cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine; laxatives, including: bisacodyl, picosulfate and casantrol (other examples of laxatives can be found in the Federal Registry, volume 50, No. 10, January 15, 1985, pages 2152-58, which is incorporated herein by reference); gastroprotective agents, including sucralfate and wet sucralfate gel; gastrokinetic and prokinetic agents including cisapride, metoclopramide and eisaproda; proton pump inhibitors including omeprazole, lanzoprazole and antidiarrheals including diphenoxylate and loperamide; agents that are bacteriostatic or bactericidal for the ulcer-inducing organism Heliobacter pylori such as amoxicillin, metronidazole, erythromycin or nitrofurantoin and other agents for treating H.pyloris described in US Patent No. 5,256,684, Marshall, issued October 26, 1993 , to The Procter & Gamble Company that is incorporated herein for full reference; polyanionic materials useful for the treatment of ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders including amylopectin, carrageen, sulfated dextrin, inositol hexaphosphate or other similar agents. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts prepared from non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable bases including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from non-organic bases include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, ferrous, zinc, manganese, aluminum, ferric salts, Mapuche and similar. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic organic bases include salts of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol. , 2-diethylaminoethanol, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, N-ethylpiperidine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins and the like. Also, plant extracts or other natural substances known to be effective against any gastrointestinal disorder in the mucoadhesive compositions of the present invention may be provided.

Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients The liquid phase of the colloidal suspensions of the present invention is generally water. These compositions comprise water of about 5% to about 98%, preferably about 70%, to about 95% by weight of the composition. Optionally, these aqueous compositions may also contain suitable amounts of preservatives, pH regulators, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, diluents, natural or artificial sweeteners, taste masking agents, agents dyes and sweetening agents, to provide a final product with a pleasant and / or tasty appearance. The compositions may also comprise antioxidants, for example hydroxybutyl anhydol or hydroxybutyl toluene, and preservatives, for example, methyl- or propyl-paraben or sodium benzoate, to prolong and improve shelf life. To provide consistent dispersions of the solid particles thus improving stability, especially for formulations comprising silica, the compositions of the present invention will optionally contain from about 0.005% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 1.5. % of a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 1 alkyl or aryl carboxylic acid, including citric acid, tartaric acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mixtures thereof and salts thereof the same. Sodium citrate is especially preferred. Specific examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients that can be used to formulate oral dosage forms are described in the US Patents of Sunshine et al. listed in previous paragraphs under the analgesics section.

Acceptable pharmaceutically acceptable nasal excipients For intranasal compositions, the compositions of the present invention comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable intranasal carrier. It is preferred to be used herein for vehicles of aqueous saline solution. These solutions, which generally contain sodium chloride such as salt, are fully described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, edition 19 (1995) page 1502, which is incorporated herein by reference. Salt is present in the solution at a level of about 0.01% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight of solution. Suitable non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable nasal carriers are known to those skilled in the art. Obviously, the choice of a suitable vehicle will depend on the exact nature of the particular nasal dosage form required, for example, if the active agent will be formulated in a nasal solution (to be used as drops or as an aerosol), a nasal suspension, a nasal ointment, a nasal gel, or another nasal form. Nasal dosage forms are solutions, gels and suspensions, which normally contain sodium chloride in a larger amount of water (preferably purified water). Minor amounts of other ingredients such as pH adjusters (for example an acid such as HCl), emulsifying agents or dispersing agents, pH regulating agents, preservatives, wetting agents and gelling agents may also be present. Preferably, the nasal composition is isotonic, that is, it has the same osmotic pressure as blood and tear fluid.

Optional consistency aids Optionally, consistency aids are present at a level of about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from 1% to 30%, most preferably from about 5% to about 20 % in weigh. These consistency auxiliaries are mono- and polyols of low molecular weight and are selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides such as glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose); disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose and other sugars, ribose, glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, inositol, propylene glycol, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, glutaraldehyde, invert sugars, ethanol, honey, mannitol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol and mixtures of the same; preferably the polyols are selected from the group consisting of honey, sorbitol, glycerin, glycerol and mixtures thereof. These compounds provide improved physical stability to the present compositions. In addition, these consistency aids are preferred to provide the proper consistency of the composition prior to administration so that an optimal degree of mucosal spreading is achieved after administration. Specifically, these consistency aids will reduce or retard the rate at which the particles in the dispersions bridged or are absorbed by the mucin mucosa. This allows the composition to spread better and coat the tissue before activation causes the viscosity of the composition to increase.

Method of use and preparation of the composition The compositions of the present invention can be administered by oral application (the dose is swallowed), topical application to the oral cavity (spraying in the oral cavity, administration by compresses or topical in general), and / or intranasally, in a safe and effective amount. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable", as used herein, means that the components found in the compositions of the present invention are compatible, safe and suitable for peroral, oral and / or intranasal administration to a human or lower animal. . The term "compatible", as used herein, means that the components of the pharmaceutical compositions are capable of mixing with each other, so that an interaction that substantially reduces the pharmaceutical efficacy and / or the safety of the compositions is not present. pharmaceutical under situations of ordinary use. By "safe and effective amount" as used herein is meant an amount of silica, titanium dioxide, clay or active agent, etc., high enough to modify in an important (positive) manner the condition to be treated or to produce the desired result, but low enough to avoid serious side effects (in a reasonable benefit / risk ratio), within the scope of the doctor / dentist's judgment. The safe and effective amount will vary according to the particular condition or disease treated, the age and physical condition of the patient being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of treatment, the nature of the concurrent therapy, the specific form of the particles or active agent employed, and the particular vehicle in which the active agent or particles are applied. The amount of the pharmaceutical mucoadhesive composition administered depends on the percentage of active ingredients and / or particulate component within its formula, such as an analgesic, decongestant, cough suppressant, expectorant, antihistamine, auxiliary agent of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal auxiliary agent, etc. . required by the characteristics of dose, stability and release and other pharmaceutical parameters. Usually, from about 0.2 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg per day, preferably from about 1 mg / kg to about 300 mg / kg per day and very much preferably about 5 mg / kg per day about of 200 mg / kg per day of the pharmaceutical composition is administered as described herein. This amount can be administered in a single dose, or preferably, in several daily doses (from 2 to 6), or administered as a sustained release dosage in the course of treatment. Generally, each individual dosage of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention ranges from about 1 mg / kg to about 25 mg / kg, preferably from about 2 mg / kg to about 15 mg / kg and much preferably very closely from 3 mg / kg to about 10 mg / kg. Although higher dosages than those mentioned may be effective, you must Be careful as with any other drug in some individuals to avoid adverse side effects. The liquid compositions of the present invention can be administered by rinsing the oral cavity with the composition followed by swallowing or expectorating the composition. In addition, the composition can be administered intranasally, or perorally as a liquid, or sprayed into the oral cavity or sprayed at the back of the throat. In addition, soft gelatin capsules (or other soft capsules) can be filled with the liquid composition of the present invention. This liquid capsule can be chewed by the individual to release the liquid in the oral cavity, throat and / or digestive tract. Preferably, the intranasal composition is applied to the nasal mucosa by topical application (spray and / or drops) in a safe and effective amount of the composition to treat nasal symptoms. The frequency of topical application to the nasal mucosa will vary, depending on personal or medical needs, but in general it varies from about once per day to about four times daily, preferably twice daily. A typical dose consists of one to four sprays per nostril. The desired sotonicity of the intranasal compositions of the present invention can be achieved using, for example, the sodium chloride already present, or other pharmaceutically acceptable agents such as dextrose, boric acid, citric acid, sodium tartrate, sodium phosphate, phosphate potassium, propylene glycol or other organic or inorganic solutes, or mixtures of the same. Particularly preferred is sodium chloride for pH regulators that contain sodium ions. Additional equivalent examples of sodium chloride are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences pages 1491-1497, (Alfonso Gennaro edition 18, 1990). In administering a dose of the composition of the present invention, it is important not to further dilute the composition with water or other liquid. An additional dilution will decrease or eliminate the mucoadhesive property of the compositions herein. The liquid compositions of the present invention are made by conventional pharmaceutical practices. In the preparation of liquid oral dosage forms, the active component and the particulate component are incorporated into an orally acceptable pharmaceutically based aqueous carrier with base consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices. As noted above, this liquid composition can be administered as is or can be incorporated into a gelatin capsule (or other soft capsule) that can be chewed or broken to administer the composition. Methods for the preparation and preparation of colloidal dispersions, suspensions and / or the incorporation of these into gelatin capsules, etc., are discussed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences edition 19, 1995 vol. II (editor, Alfonso R. Gennaro), pages 1509-1518 and 1615-1649, incorporated herein by reference.

The following examples illustrate embodiments of the present invention, in which the essential and optional ingredients are combined. The present invention is not limited by these examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Dispersion containing bismuth subsalicylate for disorders of the stomach and intestinal tract 1 Uniform, spherical and with uncoated surface and with main particle size with a diameter of approximately 50 nm. This can be done by a method described in N. Kallay and E. Matijevic. Langmuir 1, page 195, 1985.

Preparation The TiO2 is added with stirring to water until a reportable dispersion is obtained. Bismuth subsalicylate powder is added and stirred for 5 minutes. The entire mixture is dispersed further by ultrasonic treatment to ensure complete and homogeneous dispersion. Flavor may be added, for example peppermint and sweetener such as sodium saccharin.

Use A person who has gastritis ingests the formulation in tablespoons. The administration of two spoons every two hours provides the active agent to the mucosal surface of the stomach and relieves discomfort.

EXAMPLE 2 Antacid of aluminum hydroxide directed especially to the distal esophagus and esophageal sphincter (Cab-O-Sil M5) available from Cabot Corporation.

Preparation A 6% dispersion of silica in water is prepared by stirring the silica in purified water. After obtaining a uniform dispersion, the aluminum hydroxide powder is added with stirring. This mixture is treated with ultrasonic energy (by this process, the silica particles that were in the form of small aggregates, are separated and migrated to coat the aluminum hydroxide gel particles). After obtaining a uniform dispersion by sound treatment, the final 2.3% of silica is added with gentle agitation. Flavor and sweetener may be added as desired. The ratio of the sedimentation volume is 1.

Use A person who experiences heartburn due to refluxes ingests a spoonful of the formulation every 2 hours. The burning discomfort will stop almost immediately when the antacid formulation makes contact with the mucosa of the esophagus. Some amount of aluminum oxide antacid is maintained within the distal esophageal region ready to neutralize any additional gastric acid that can be refluxed.

EXAMPLE 3 Dispersion of sucralfate with improved mucosal coating and retention 3 (Cab-O-Sil M5) available from Cabot Corporation. 4 Available from Katsura, Japan Preparation Cab-O-Sil and water are combined and stirred manually until a uniform dispersion is obtained. Sorbitol is added and mixed. Sucralfate is added and mixed manually using a spatula. The formulation will be a thick paste. Sodium citrate dihydrate is added and mixed again. The formulation will liquefy upon the addition of sodium citrate. It is treated with ultrasonic energy until it forms a uniform dispersion microscopically. Flavor and sweetener may be added as desired.

Use A person who experiences esophagitis ingests a spoonful twice daily until the esophagitis is relieved. The sedimentation volume ratio of this formulation is 1.

EXAMPLE 4 Antacid containing calcium carbonate with enhanced retention in the esophagus Type HA. 6 Menthol, 3-1-menthoxypropan-1,2-diol made by Takasago. 7 N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide Preparation All water, except 2%, is mixed with the magnesium aluminum silicate and stirred under high shear for at least 1 hour. Glycerin and sorbitol are added and mixed thoroughly. Potassium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate are added with vigorous stirring until a uniform consistency is achieved. Sucrose is added and stirred to obtain a uniform consistency. TK-10, potassium phosphate monobasic, vanilla cream flavor and green color are dissolved in 2% of remaining water. It is added to the other ingredients and mixed until a uniform consistency is obtained. The 0.16% benzyl alcohol is combined with the parabens and added to the other ingredients and mixed until a uniform consistency is obtained. It combines mint flavor, 0.04% benzyl alcohol, and WS-3, and is added to the other ingredients and mixed until a uniform consistency is obtained. The hydrogen peroxide is added and mixed approximately for 10 minutes. The sedimentation volume ratio of this composition is 1. The zero shear viscosity is 256,800 pascal seconds. The activated viscosity ratio 2.37, and the high shear viscosity, at 100 per second, is 0.848 pascal seconds. The percentage retained after 30 rinses in saliva by the method analyzed above is 90.3%.

Use A person who experiences heartburn ingests one or two tablespoons. Generally, only one administration will be necessary to relieve the pain of heartburn, and relief will be very rapid.

EXAMPLE 5 Bismuth subsalicylate containing lipid with enhanced esophagus retention against heartburn Type HA.

Preparation All water except 2% is mixed with the magnesium aluminum silicate and stirred under high shear for at least 1 hour to completely hydrate. Bismuth subsalicylate is added and stirred for 10 minutes. It is dispersed with ultrasonic energy for 20 minutes Separately, all other components are dissolved in 2% remaining water. They are added to the magnesium aluminum / bismuth silicate dispersion and stirred for 15 minutes. The pH is adjusted to approximately 4. The sedimentation volume ratio is 1. The zero shear viscosity is 1.090,000 pascal seconds. The activated viscosity ratio is 1.26, and the high shear viscosity, at 100 per second, is 0.705 pascal seconds. The percentage retained after 30 rinses in saliva by the method analyzed above is 94.8%.

Usage A person who has heartburn takes a spoonful as soon as possible after the discomfort has started. The relief of heartburn is almost immediate and a layer of palliative cover is retained in the esophagus to avoid other reflux events in the following hours so that it does not cause more pain.

EXAMPLE 6 Demolishing vehicle for treatment of sore throat and cough 9 Menthol, 3-1-mentoxy proan-1, 2-diol made by Takasago. 10 Type HA.

Preparation All the water is mixed with the magnesium-aluminum silicate and stirred under high shear for at least one hour to completely hydrate. Polyoxyl 40 stearate, citric acid, citrate sodium, sodium benzoate and sodium saccharin to magnesium aluminum silicate dispersion. Separately, ethanol and propylene glycol are combined and mixed. Menthol, eucalyptus oil, TK 10 and dextromethorphan are added to the ethanol / propylene glycol mixture. The ethanol / propylene glycol solution is added to the main vessel with magnesium-aluminum silicate and mixed. Honey, flavor and color are added and mixed for 10 minutes. The glyceryl guaicolate is added as a finely ground powder in the final step and mixed for at least 10 minutes. The sedimentation volume ratio is greater than about 0.98. The shear viscosity zero is 55,400 pascal seconds. The activated viscosity ratio is 1.33, and the high shear viscosity, at 100 per second, is 0.282 pascal seconds.

Use When 15cc of the above composition is administered with a spoon to a person with sore throat or cough, the fluid spreads over the throat and provides a coating to minimize sore throat and cough. The coating material is felt in the throat for at least 1 hour and does not wash off when drinking liquids. The formulation also provides an effective amount of antisusceptive drug, dextromethorphan hydrobromide. A person with a productive, wet cough ingests 15 cc of composition B. A combination of the demulcent properties of the vehicle and the expectorant action of glyceryl guaiaclate provides a Improved ability to lighten the mucosa. A relief action in the throat is also obtained, and an effective amount of the antitussive agent dextromethorphan is administered systemically. The antitussive medicament of example 6 can be replaced with diphenhydramine, codeine, hydrocodone and hydromorphone.

EXAMPLE 7 Demulcent and soothing vehicle for relieving sore throat irritated by cough, providing a prolonged supply of aromatic menthol for treatment of cough by inhalation Preparation The ethyl alcohol USP and propylene glycol are mixed in a separate container. Menthol and eucalyptus oil are added and mixed to make the solution clear (co-solvent solution). The water is placed in a separate mixing vessel. Add all the other ingredients except the cosolvent solution and the silica, and stir to dissolve. The cosolvent solution is added to the water solution. It mixes. Silica is added slowly with moderate mixing of a propellant type mixer. After adding all the silica, mixing continues for 5 to 10 additional minutes. Overmixing, or using too high an intensity, such as would be achieved with a high shear mixer, will cause the product to be very thin and have a low viscosity stability. It is degassed with mixing to eliminate air bubbles.

Use Due to the significant combination of high viscosity when at rest, but the extremely high shear thinning at high shear, the formulation can be sprayed and applied as a thin sprinkling coating on the back of the throat. The product is filled in a manually operated atomisation pump and fitted into a bottle with a rod that is designed to depress the tongue and concurrently direct the atomized dispersion on the tongue and in the back of the throat (Mistette Mark II adjusted with a long throat adapter from CalMar-Albert GmbH). Five activations applied to the back of the throat of a person with a cough secondary to a cold and / or an inflamed and painful throat, will provide one milliliter of the dispersion in the affected area. Most of the formulation will be retained in the throat and pharyngeal region instead of ingested. The 5 mg of menthol in the formulation will volatilize in each breath as it passes over the therapeutic coating, and will reach the lungs where it relieves the cough reflex. In the previous example, benzocaine can be substituted with local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and dibucaine. These compositions can alternatively be used as a mouth rinse, wherein a subject rinses the mouth with 15 ml for about 30 seconds and subsequently expectorates.

EXAMPLE 8 Breath refreshing mouthwash with a feeling of relief and prolonged action.

Preparation Composition A 1.) Mix ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerin. Dissolve the methyl salicylate, thymol, eucalyptol and menthol in this solvent mixture. 2.) Separately, the Cabosil is dispersed in water with moderate mixing in a propeller type mixer. After all of the silica is added, mixing is continued for an additional 5 to 10 minutes. Overmixing or using too high an intensity as could be achieved with a high shear mixer, will cause the product to be very thin and have a low viscosity stability. HE add the sodium benzoate to the silica dispersion and dissolve with gentle mixing. 3.) Pour all the solvent solution from step 1 into the silica dispersion. It is degassed briefly with mixing to eliminate air bubbles.

Composition B 1.) Mix all the water with the clay and shake under shear for at least one hour to completely hydrate the clay. 2.) In a separate vessel, combine ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerin, and mix. Menthol, eucalyptol and thymol are added to this solvent mixture and stirred for at least 10 minutes, with the container covered. 3.) All the cosolvent mixture with the aromatic components is added to the hydrated clay and mixed with gentle agitation, at least 5 minutes. The methyl salicylate, saccharine and sodium lauryl sulfate are added and mixed with low agitation for an additional 15 minutes.

Use 10 to 20 ml of the rinse is placed in the mouth and circulated throughout the mouth for 30 seconds before expectoration. The materials that cause odors are effectively removed from the mouth and it retains a pleasant layer of breath-freshening agents in a thin layer inside the mouth and on the tongue.

EXAMPLE 9 Oral analgesic throat syrup 11 Spherical uniform and uncoated surface and of approximately a primary particle size of 50 nm in diameter. This can be achieved by a method described in N. Kallay and E. Matijevie Langmuir 1, p. 195, 1985.

Preparation Dissolve menthol and lemon flavor in a mixture of propylene glycol and ethanol. Separately, the titanium dioxide is dispersed in purified water using moderate mixing in a propellant-type mixer. The remaining ingredients are added to the titanium dioxide / water dispersion, and the gentle mixing is continued to dissolve the ingredients. Finally, the menthol solution in ethanol and propylene glycol is added to the aqueous fraction and the mixing is continued as before for approximately 10 minutes.

Usage A person with an inflamed sore throat administers a teaspoonful every hour to relieve inflamed tissue. In the previous example, menthol can be substituted with NSAID listed in the analgesic section in previous paragraphs.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation Composition A The clay is dispersed in half of the total water with high shear mixing for at least 1 hour. The other ingredients are dissolved in cold water by stirring. This solution is filtered through a cellulose acetate membrane filter. The filtered solution is combined with the clay dispersion and stirred for at least 10 minutes. Flavor is added in a suitable amount to provide a pleasant taste. Camphor and eucalyptol are added in adequate amounts to provide a pleasant aroma during use. Hand-operated nasal spray pump bottles are filled with this final mix.

Composition B The silica is dispersed in the water with gentle agitation for at least 10 minutes. The other components are added, with the exception of tyloxapol, and gently stirred 120 minutes more. Tyloxapol is added and stirred for at least 20 minutes, again ensuring that the agitation is smooth.

Composition C The xanthan gum is dispersed in water with moderate agitation for at least 30 minutes. Titanium dioxide is added and mixed vigorously for 12 minutes, then mixing Continue gently for 10 minutes. Add the other components except tyloxapol and stir 10 minutes more with moderate mixing. Tyloxapol is added and stirred for at least 20 minutes with gentle agitation, taking care that no air enters the formulation.

Use A subject with congestion sprinkles 5 to 500 microliters of any of the above solutions in each nostril 3 times per day. The flow and activation properties of the formulation with the mucosal lining in the nasal passage cause the formulation and the active oxymetazoline to be retained within the region of the inflamed nasal turbinates, providing a prolonged decongestant effect in the intranasal blood vessels.

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. A liquid, peroral or oral mucorretentive aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) from about 2% to about 50% by weight of the composition of colloidal silica particles and; b) a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical active selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal agents, analgesics, decongestants, expectorants, antitussives, antihistamines, bronchodilators, topical anesthetics, sensitivity agents, oral care agents, various agents to improve the respiration and mixtures thereof; wherein the composition has a sedimentation volume ratio of more than about 0.90 when measured after about 48 hours, an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.2.

2. The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that it is not further diluted with any liquid before administration and the level of silica is from about 3% to about 14% by weight of the composition.

3. The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that the composition has a ratio of sedimentation volume of more than about 0.95, by measuring it after about 48 hours.

4. - The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that the composition has a sedimentation volume ratio of more than about 0.98, when measuring it after about 48 hours.

5. The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that the composition has an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.4.

6. The composition according to claim 5, further characterized in that the composition has an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.5.

7. The composition according to claim 6, further characterized in that the silica has an average particle size of less than about 1 miera.

8. The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that it has a zero shear viscosity of more than about 2000 pascal seconds.

9. The composition according to claim 8, further characterized in that the composition has a zero shear viscosity of more than about 7500 pascal seconds.

10. The composition according to claim 7, further characterized in that the silica is silicon dioxide.

11. The composition according to claim 10, further characterized in that the silicon dioxide is selected from the group that it consists of fuming silicon dioxide, precipitated silicon dioxide, coacervated silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide gel.

12. The composition according to claim 1, further characterized in that it additionally comprises from 0.005% to 3% of citric acid or lime thereof.

13. A mucosal aqueous intranasal liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising: a) from about 2% to about 50% by weight of the composition of colloidal silica particles; and b) a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical active selected from the group consisting of gastrointestinal agents, analgesics, decongestants, expectorants, antitussives, antihistamines, bronchodilators, topical anesthetics, sensitivity agents, oral care agents, various auxiliary agents in breathing, and mixtures thereof; characterized in that the composition has a ratio of sedimentation volume of more than about 0.90 to 15 measuring it after about 48 hours and an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.2.

14. The composition according to claim 13, further characterized in that the composition has a volume ratio > of sedimentation of more than about 0.95, by measuring it after about 20 48 hours.

15. The composition according to claim 14, further characterized in that the composition has a volume ratio of sedimentation of more than about 0.98, by measuring it after about 48 hours.

16. The composition according to claim 14, further characterized in that the composition has an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.4.

17. The composition according to claim 16, further characterized in that the composition has an activated viscosity ratio of at least about 1.5.

18. The composition according to claim 13, further characterized in that the level of silica is from about 3% to about 15% the weight of the composition.

19. The composition according to claim 18, further characterized in that the silica has an average particle size of less than about 1 miera.

20. The composition according to claim 13, further characterized in that the composition has a zero shear viscosity of more than about 2000 pascal seconds.

21. The composition according to claim 20, further characterized in that the composition has a zero shear viscosity of more than about 7500 pascal seconds.

22. The composition according to claim 19, further characterized in that the silica is silicon dioxide.

23. The composition according to claim 22, further characterized in that the silicon dioxide is selected from the group consisting of smoked silicon dioxide, precipitated silicon dioxide, coacervated silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide gel.

24. The use of the composition as claimed in claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament for coating the tract * digestive * 25.- The use of the composition as claimed in claim 13 for the preparation of a medicament for coating the 10 nasal mucosa. 26. The use of the composition as claimed in claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections or irritation or injury of upper respiratory tract tissue. 15 27.- The use of the composition as claimed in claim 13 for the preparation of a medicament to avoid or treat Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections or irritation or injury to upper respiratory tract tissue. Four.