MXPA01000201A - Water desalting installation through reverse osmosis with pressurized supply tanks in continuous kinetic cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

The water desalting installation comprises at least an auxiliary pump (1) and another high pressure pump (2) in parallel with an internal circulation pump (3), and at least one pair of feed chamber (5 and 5') which are pressurized alternatively, each of them forming a closed circuit, preferably toroïdal, so that the water circulates always in the same direction and continuously, taking advantage of its kinetic energy in the valve actuation;it may have separation means to separate the water masses of different salinity, said separation means being comprised of pistons (7 and 7') having a spherical shape and of which the apparent density is similar to that of the water, said pistons being retained briefly during the cycle change by baskets (6 and 6') or equivalent devices, while the water circulates to the expense of its kinetic energy, the cycle changes being controlled by approximation (29 and 29') and housing (28 and 28') sensors, or by flowmeters (31, 31'and 32) or by salinity measures when such separation means are not available.

Description

WATER DESALINATOR FOR REVERSE OSMOSIS WITH PRESSURIZED NODRIZE CHAMBERS IN CONTINUOUS KINETIC CYCLE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a system for desalinating water by reverse osmosis, with pressurized chambers, with important characteristics of energetic utilization, ftionality and reduction of the size of the chambers, since the increase is possible of the water velocity in the filling and emptying of these.

Background of the Invention The Spanish patent application ES 9701877 15 of the same owner, describes a water desalination by reverse osmosis in which the pressurized mother chambers are cylinders inside which circulates a piston to separate the water masses of different salinity. Even though the operation is extremely satisfactory, it has been found that for large installations it is not convenient to invert the movement of the water masses and the piston at the end of each of the pressurization cycles of the mother chambers, since the energy kinetics to REF. : 126459 hi ^^ í ^^^ Aa? i? ^ Ati ^ am dissipating can be considerable.

Description of the Invention The present invention is based on a radically different concept, such as the one of continuous kinetic cycle, consisting of the fact that the masses of water of different salinity circulating through the mother chambers always do so in the same sense, and non-stop, so it is not necessary dissipate the kinetic energy of the mobile water mass to accelerate it again in the opposite direction. This produces energy savings and decreases the size of the considerable chambers while improving reliability and lifespan of the team. The first and main characteristic of the system, is that the pressurizable mother chambers that can be two or more where the water to be desalinated is stored do not have a tube shape rectilinear, and that can be with or without piston separator of the water to desalinate and the brine. The camera that we will describe, has a ring shape in such a way that the beginning and the end of the tube are joined, forming a closed circuit, which can be -MUM - ^ a toróid or a continuous zigzag tube, in helical form, or as whimsical or functional as we can think of, the only condition is that the beginning and the end are united in such a way that they form a circuit in loop or closed ring. The second characteristic is that when the system has a piston, it has a spherical shape like a balloon, so that it can circulate in the curves of the continuous tube, and that its weight approaches the density of the water, in such a way that it is dragged along the current and in addition it is not seen spinning in the curves due to excess density. The material can be any, metal or plastic, etc. But you can also add the characteristic of "elasticity" as rubber that has very little friction when wet, and that dampens very well the changes of direction, by small knocks on the walls, including being a kind of accumulation of gel, rubbers or elastomers with very low hardness, such as silicones used in breast prostheses, or a simple hollow rubber ball with water inside, or some substance that gives it enough plasticity to adapt to its travel, "• ** - - *« - «« * -.- * .--- * * The third characteristic is that there is a mechanism for collecting or parking the ball or piston, a kind of basket or baseball glove, ready to pick up the sphere and return it in the same direction and direction as it was, combined with a bifurcation of the fluid through a specially designed non-return valve that opens with the inertia of the water, so that when closing the water inlet to the camera the mass that is rotating inside it is not slowed down but is free to circulate in the ring, at the expense of the kinetic energy that this moving mass possesses, without having to stop it and restart it as it would in an alternative piston movement, the only thing that has to be stopped is the small mass of the piston in the shape of a sphere in case it is carried in. The system also includes valves, pumps and systems for detecting the position or position of the piston, all of it functioning from programmed way to achieve the intended result. In order to solve the above problems, several improvements have finally been introduced in the implementation of water desalination plants ^ u > The reverse osmosis with mother chambers in a continuous kinetic cycle which, without substantially modifying the operating principles just described, greatly simplifies their practical realization. The first improvement consists in the introduction of two sliding valves with three tracks mechanically coupled together. The normal and simplest in a three-way valve of the type slide and cylinder with radial ports, is that the slide, have only one throat and that the central outlet of the three lines of ports is the common entrance or exit, so that when the slide is on one side, connect the luminaries on this side with the center and if it passes to the other end, the center will also be connected with those on the other side. The six-way and two-throat valve described above has the disadvantage that the time of filling or emptying of the nurse chambers is not same for both, which makes the volumes managed in one and another mother chamber different. This originates because the sequence of closing and opening, do not give the same times for one camera as for the other, since the first camera ^ ** 3M * ¡* Samá * í ^^^^^^^^^^ u ^^^^ tf ^ i ^^^ * ^^^^^^ aM ^^ i ^^ em? that closes is the last one that opens, and within this time interval, the second chamber has to open and close, being much shorter the operating time of this second chamber. There are two ways to solve this problem; the first solution is that one of these three-way valves has a double throat in order to reverse its operation, that is, the ports that in the first case are open, here they are closed and vice versa, and the second solution is to divide the Six-way valve, in two of three, and reverse the direction of travel of one with respect to the other. This second solution would force us to include a mechanism so that when one slide goes in one direction, the other moves in the opposite direction. This justifies the choice of two three-way valves, where one of them has the slide with double throat, but there is much more in this adoption The valves that are recommended are sliding type, with ports in the form of circular holes arranged in radial form, in order that the pressures are compensated. The valves also have a double jacket or external housing that delimits several collectors, for these *. ... ...? . ---------- ÉuUuíd. lumbreras, individualized by means of annular separators. The aforementioned cameras are going to play an important role here, which is not only that of a collector that communicates the external connections with their corresponding ports, but also allows the passage of water from the mother chambers when the recirculation valves are opened allowing the water from the mother chambers circulate in continuous kinetic cycle, or what is the same, the moment when the liquid is trapped by the closure of all valves to the outside, the recirculation valves open due to the kinetic energy , and the water circulates in a loop, on itself, avoiding water hammer and keeping the mass of water moving until the next and immediate operation. The second improvement consists of a previous depressurization of the mother chambers prior to the discharge of the brine to the outside, which is favorable for the duration of the recirculation valves that thus have a smoother operation. This pre-depressurization is done by the inclusion of very small section ports that open immediately before the discharge ports --- - ^^ aUMÉMÉMHdH lÉatttaÁÁ - ... -...- l.? J ----------- main. As is well known, the operation of any type of slide valve can be very diverse, hydraulic or mechanical pneumatic type, and its positioning is no problem with the current computerized systems with numerical control and stepper motors or similar. As well, the third improvement consists of a mechanism of mechanical drive, very simple, and that moved by an axis of constant angular movement such as that of an electric motor, with a speed reducer, can make the valve slide have some waiting stops at the ends, when the mother chambers are filled and emptied, and that in addition 15 has a small stop or decrease in its speed of displacement at a point in its path that corresponds to the "pre-pressurization" as it is describes in the Spanish patent application ES 9800098, in order to allow time for the mother chambers to take the high pressure of the membranes, and the rest of the route is done as quickly as possible. This is achieved with a mechanism of planetary gears, of appropriate diameters, describing any point of the - ^ ..-- ^^ - ^ ¡»- ^ -.- ^^ ,. i,. .,. * ....,,. > . - ^^ • J "tA ^ 'j" * - "- * > - - ** planetary an epicyclic trajectory Inside the valves, the water undergoes abrupt changes of direction, which makes it come out with a very good flow turbulent, moreover if to avoid an excessive size of these valves, the water is given a relatively high speed, however, the suppression of the moving pistons of the prior art determines that the flow must be as laminar as possible, for avoid the surface of 0 separation between the masses of water with different salinity is deformed excessively and the mixture of them occurs The fourth improvement aims to reduce this turbulence and is achieved by disposing at the outlet of the valves about 5 rolling mills The windows that present the desalination plants made according to these last four improvements in relation to the prior art are the following: 1. Both in the Spanish patent applications ES 9600294 and ES 9800098 as well as in the Initial opening of the mother chambers in a continuous kinetic cycle, there are too many T-shaped connections of the pipes with the valves and the mother chambers. This damages the hydrodynamics of the system. Here we will see that this problem is greatly improved. 2. The use of separate valves for each operation is more expensive and its operation more difficult to synchronize, than if we use a single six-way valve. This last solution is even better if the system is realized with two valves of three ways with double jacket, that is with two concentric cylindrical bodies, and commanded simultaneously. This improves the hydrodynamics of the fluid, and also facilitates access to each piece for assembly, maintenance or repair, as all the valves are grouped in a very compact design, thus reducing their size and having an aesthetic and functional design at the end. Keep in mind that a total of 14 valves are required, 4 mechanical drive (which are simplified in two of three ways), 4 single-direction backstop, 2 recirculation valves for each chamber (these two valves are the key to the system do not brake the fluid and enable the continuous kinetic cycle), 2 of pressurized prior, and 2 of previous depressurization. 3. The cost is significantly reduced *. ~ **. * ~. ~ &,. «. ..- ",, .a .-., ..,».,.,. * _A «. ,,,, - > . .- .. * -. - » «Fr ^ A .--, the raw material and manufacturing labor are improved access to a change for repair or maintenance and above all, can be easily transported the set of all the valves required for the operation of The desalination plant does not need to be installed in the installation site other than the assembly of the pipes and the connection of the different pumps. Four. It also solves with a perfect solution the problem of operation asymmetry caused by the six-way valve since it, as described, determines that both mother-hoods have different operating times and, consequently, must be of different volume. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES To complement the description made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a detailed description of a preferred embodiment will be made, based on a set of drawings that is attached to this specification. descriptive, forming an integral part of it and where merely indicative and non-limiting character has represented the following: Figure 1 shows schematically the operation of the system at any point of the cycle, where you can see a camera that is finishing its water content to desalinate the membrane, while it is almost full of brine (scratched area) divided by the spherical piston. At the same time the lower chamber has just emptied its brine content and filled completely with fresh water. It can be seen that the sphere-shaped piston is picked up by the basket, in the form of a "U" that looks on its part open to the right that is where the piston has just arrived. It can also be observed that the living force of the water has opened a valve by a bifurcated path, in such a way that the water has not stopped. Figure 2 shows the same system as the previous figure in a state where the basket of the first chamber has been rotated 180 ° to let the piston follow its course from right to left. This is an operating time where the two cameras work simultaneously contributing their content to the membrane. In figure 3 we see that the first chamber has been completely filled with brine and that the basket has the piston is picked up, and the brine flow has also opened the bifurcation valve, while the lower chamber is supplying fresh water to the membrane, while it is beginning to pick up the brine from the reject. In Figure 4, we can see that the upper chamber renews its contents while pulling the brine out, and the lower chamber works in the state of water supply to the membrane, while collecting the brine on the right side of the piston Figures 5 to 10 show a temporary sequence of the operation of an alternative version of the piston collection that we call as of concealment. Figures 11 to 14 show a temporary sequence of the operation of an alternative version of the piston collection that we call as double piston. Figures 15 to 18, which correspond to the same moments of the cycle represented in figures 1 to 4, show a variant of the system in which there is no separating piston.

Figs. 19 to 21 show the same circuit with the same principle and with the same operation, but when drawn differently it might look different. The only difference is that there will be more to less loss of load, in the water, depending on the diameters referred to the circuit. The idea is that the chamber that closes in a ring does not have the same diameter in its entire length, so that one section of a diameter can be placed and then another section that closes the circuit and that has the non-return valve with a Different diameter, or even with several sections with several diameters, has no influence on the principle of system operation. Figure 22 shows a schematic view of the whole of the desalination plant of the invention. Figure 23 shows a schematic plan view of the two three-way valves. Figure 24 is a section in elevation of the previous schematic view. Figures 25 to 31 show the arrangement of the valves, as well as the flows of the different fluids for different moments of the desalination cycle. ^^^ ii-? É-É - ü-ti- í - ii? ? ^ AM * * ia ?? Al * áá * m m * í *? ^ É ^ É M ,, t.,. M ,? .- .., 1 ...... i ^ ¿- «- i ...; ,,. , Figure 32 shows a bottom view of the desalination plant of the invention. Figure 33 shows an elevation view of the desalination plant of the invention. Figure 34 shows a semi-sectioned elevation view of the desalination plant of the invention. Figure 35 shows a plan view of the desalination plant of the invention. Figure 36 shows a schematic view 10 of the epicyclic drive at the right end of its stroke. Figure 37 shows a schematic view of the epicyclic drive at the beginning of its useful stroke. Figure 38 shows a schematic view of the epicyclic drive at the time of the first pressurization of the first nurse camera. Figure 39 shows a schematic view of the epicyclic drive at the time of the previous depressurization of the second nurse chamber. Figure 40 shows a schematic view of the epicyclic drive at the end of its useful stroke. Figure 41 shows a flow laminator ,.,-3. «? Fcaa ^ -, - ,. of sheet lattice. Figure 42 shows a flow laminator of concentric tubes and radial sheets. Figure 43 shows a flow laminator 5 formed by a plurality of parallel tubes. Figures 22 to 43 show the brine with a dot pattern and the raw water without a weave of any kind. The arrows in white represent low pressure while the arrows in black represent high pressure. The recirculation and non-return valves are shown in black when they are closed and in white when they are open. According to and as can be seen in figures 1, 2, 15 3 and 4, the system of the invention comprises two ring-shaped nurse chambers (5 and 5 ') provided with separate pistons (7 and 7') in the shape of a sphere. which serve as separation partition between the water to be desalinated and the brine. This piston is detected by 20 piston approach sensors (29 and 29 ') / and piston housing (28 and 28'). The grids (10) and (10 ') are protections for the possible tendencies of the piston to be channeled through the branches (8) and (8').

* J & amp; amp; & amp; amp; amp; amp; - &4 é a - ^ yff- - - ¿fe-fr1- | * i - _. ^^ __; _ > l ^ 3 '_ i_ L ^ S ^^^^ J ^^ The baskets (6 and 6') that have a "U" shape with their open part looking left or right, are responsible for collecting the pistons (7 and 7 ') having a spherical shape. Said baskets have in their bottom a small non-return valve (30 and 30 ') that opens with very little pressure. The said chambers (5 and 5 ') take the water to be desalinated (19) supplied by the auxiliary pump (1) through the non-return valves (13 and 13') 10 when the valves (12 and 12 ') open . The internal circulation pump (3) supplies the water from the chambers (5) and (5 ') to the diaphragm (4) through the non-return valves (14) and (14'). The pump (2) is the main or 5 high pressure pump and contributes to the membrane (4) just the flow that is going to permeate and that will leave the system as product water (20). The operation is as follows: Starting from the position represented in Figure 1 which is any point of the cycle, the piston (7) of the camera (5) is reaching the end of its travel, about to excite the sensor approximation of the piston (29), behind this piston in the form of a sphere has the brine of rejection that * "" - * aa- - »- * '« - «- * - &« * leaves the membrane (4) through the return duct (24) passes through the brine inlet valve (11) that is open and through the inlet conduit (16) enters the chamber, filling with brine (scratched area) and pushing the remaining water to desalinate remaining in said chamber to the left of the piston (7) that is blank (without scratch), this water is sucked by the internal circulation pump (3), it leaves the chamber through the outlet conduit (17) passes the non-return valve (14) and through the pressurized conduit (23) is sucked by the pump internal circulation (3) and through the common conduit (26), is introduced into the membrane by the membrane conduit (27). This water does not cross the membrane because it is in closed circuit and its mission is to drag the salts, which has left the water that has permeated the membrane, and this depends exclusively on the pump (2) high pressure. As long as the pressure of the high pressure pump (2) does not exceed the permeate pressure, there will be no salinity residues in the membrane and the function of the internal circulation pump (3) is only to circulate water in a closed circuit between the membrane and the chambers. .

- * - * - "* '• ^^ UÉK ^ ál? HMitiáaá ^^^ - t-üMii iiia As it can be observed, the basket (6) that the piston will pick up (7) is not in position to receive it but it is facing the opposite side, that is, to the left of the drawing and the piston comes from the right side, on the other hand the camera (5 ') of the lower part of this figure 1, has just filled with new water and the piston has just entered on the right side in the basket (6 '), the piston housing sensor (28') has detected the piston (7 ') and closed the discharge valve (12') by cutting the filling of the piston (7 '). water from the auxiliary pump (1) through the conduit (22 ') of the non-return valve (13') and the inlet conduit (16 '), as the water in this chamber circulates clockwise, ie in the direction of the clockwise, when the discharge valve (12 ') is suddenly closed, the water inside the chamber intends to keep turning for a short period of time in this same way and force. When exerted by this mass at the expense of the kinetic energy of the fluid, it causes the water to fork through the branch pipe (8 ') and open the bifurcation valve (9'), which is used for the pressurization valve (15 ') open and pressurize the camera ace. .. . . , - ... J -.! .. -, ...- "- -g á? mml ^ l ¿± Á ?? í &¿ß¿¡tíí (5 ') through the pressurization conduit (25'), with the pressurization pressure of the circuit of the high pressure pump (2), which until now It was at atmospheric pressure and it is set at the pressure at which the camera (5) is working. Meanwhile the piston (7) of the chamber (5) in figure 2 has passed through the piston approximation sensor (29) and this gives the Order for the basket (6 ') to rotate 180 ° to the Once the brine inlet valve (11 ') is opened as shown in figure 2. The baskets (6) and (6 *) have on the opposite side of the inlet a small non-return valve (30) and ( 30 ') that opens as the bifurcation valves (9) and (9') with the fluid kinetic energy 15, when this comes to him from the opposite side to the entrance of the piston (7) and (7 ') that is from behind, in this way the piston leaves the basket (6'), being positioned to be pushed by the brine that comes from the membrane (4) 20 driven by the internal circulation pump (3) through the return duct (24 ') and the brine inlet valve (11') that has just been opened. This is an important time for the system, since both cameras are working ^ M ^ a? IMti-Aa «-J ..-- ái.Air -.-. ,, '•• ** -' -" iA '--.----- -.,. - ., .-. «.-..-...-.-- *., -. -_ .." ----- - ..,.,. - ^ ,,,, ^^. ..,.-... ¿^. "^, .. in parallel, overlapping its functions, providing both its content to the membrane, in a small space of time, which ends when the piston (7) enters the basket (6) leaving only the camera (5 ') in operation. This simultaneous operation is done with the purpose that when making the change of cameras is not abrupt and the membrane is not subject to sudden changes in pressure. When the piston (7) has reached the basket (6) as shown in figure 3 has been completely filled with brine (scratched area) the camera (5). At this time what happens in the chamber (5 ') when filled with water to desalinate, is that the pressure exerted at the expense of the kinetic energy by the mass of the brine that rotates counterclockwise, opens the valve (9) of the bifurcation (8) being for a moment in motion, and without having to stop the mass of fluid, enough time to act on the discharge valve (12) that was until now closed (figure 3) opening as indicated in figure 4, leaving the brine for the 'conduit (21) to the outside. While the basket (6 ') is positioned facing to the left of the drawing to release the piston as shown in Figure 4.

^ SU *? ^ tuS ^ &AÁ¿? ^ As it has been observed we have followed the operation of a cycle, where the cameras (5) and (5 ') have contributed their content in an alternative way to the membrane, collecting on the opposite side of the 5 piston (7) and (7 ') the reject brine. The important thing about this system is that the movement of the water is almost continuous, there is only a small pause in the change of valves that can be done as fast as you want, "and where the water of the 10 cameras keeps turning. Therefore, the positive and negative forces of acceleration and deceleration of the liquid mass that is moving inside the chambers should not be taken into account, once an embodiment of the system object of the invention and its operation have been described, they will be evident for any person skilled in the art will have a series of variants and substitutions which, without altering the principle of operation of the system, can do so more adapted to certain requirements, and which we consider included within the protection of the present patent. water to treat is very high it will be convenient to go to a strategy _-__ ^. ^ ..-- «« «_ fA-aai? L -« -. . tJ. to,. . ....... **. ^ - ^ '^ - "• * • - -' - • '- < - * .. * ---. -, > ..-, - ^. .. -». > .-. - > «- - j -, ---,», of concealment of the piston, in order that the water masses should not undergo the deviation assumed by the bifurcation ducts (8 and 8 '). Figures 5 to 10. For small equipment 5 and / or low cost it will be, on the other hand, more interesting to go to solutions of double piston with external jaws as it is represented in a temporal sequence in figures 11 to 14 and that we refuse to describe in detail, since the aforementioned figures will be self-explanatory for an expert in the field. An especially interesting alternative is that in which the piston is left without being defined by the mere dividing plane between masses water, replacing the physical elements by certain conditions of the process, such as the need for a laminar flow regime and the assumption of certain limitations, as is a certain degree of mixing in the dividing plane. All this to change of less complexity and greater speed of the fluid, which can be definitive in systems that require a high degree of reliability in places where specialized labor is not available for maintenance and you want to reduce even more ! - - ** «- * -_.-». '• »- jtüiu ^ ??? i a t? IMSb ^ aia *? ? the size of the cameras. Such a system is shown in figures 15 to 18 in which it can be seen that the mother chambers are toric (but in the same way that the aforementioned system can be 5 with straight and curved sections) to facilitate the non-turbulent flow, having disappeared the piston and its associated detection devices, which are replaced by separate flow meters (31, 31 'and 32) that control the cycle changes of the cameras or nurse. To avoid a drift in the time of the plane of separation of the bodies of water at the time of the change of the cycle, it proceeds to a synchronization of the flow meters (31, 31 'and 32), but it is possible to detect the position of this plane of 5 separation, with sensors of salinity, conductivity etc. of the preferred embodiment, suitably distributed at convenient locations, or simply timed. In the patent that we recommend, the valves 0 can not only be closed with great speed, but the shorter the time of operation of each one of them, and the successive sequences of all of them, it will be so much better, since for a side we take full advantage of the speed the ^^ ^^ .¿-- • -I ---------. Fluid, its kinetic energy, and also the stop time of the auxiliary pump n ° 1 can become zero. This time of stop or inactivity of the pump n ° 1 that fills the chambers is due to an intermediate state in the sequence of operation, explained in detail above, and refers to a moment where the two chambers are at high pressure contributing its content to the membrane. Another great advantage that arises from this is that to be able to be as fast as we want the operation of the valves, as would happen with a motor of explosion, these could be sequenced by a cam, or simply, forming all a single body, like a valve of several routes. If the working speed of the cameras is large, tests carried out on a prototype show us that the size of these can be reduced considerably, in the order of more than 200 times, especially when the cameras lack a piston, as in the figures 15, 16, 157 and 18, therefore the increase in volume due to the elasticity of the walls of the chambers when pressurized with the high pressure of the pump (2), will be in an order less than these two hundred times and would be practically priceless fluctuation of the pressure of this pump and consequently on the membrane. It means therefore that the pre-pressurization valves (15) can be eliminated, there being no need to put these 5 valves, and therefore simplify, notably, the number of valves. We can see in figures 19, 20 and 21 that the valve n ° 9 now integrates externally to the others, which would simplify both the design and assembly of the set of valves, and the integration of these in a multiple valve of a only body. The represented form of the same system in figures 19, 20 and 21, with sections of smaller diameters, is worth more when the time it takes for the water to be turning in a kinetic cycle, is short, because the pressure drop in tubes of little diameter is greater than in figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 and the water, it would take less time to stop, but if the speed of change of the valves is large, which is what is intended, the system is valid, because we avoid the water hammer and enter in the other cycle with the water or the brine in motion, without stopping it, taking advantage of its kinetic energy, as we have already explained. _ ^ = ^ lA ^ ¿_á_i * __ ^^ -_. ., 3 ... - ... ^ .... ^ ¿.,, .-- »- t ^^ -. J." ^^ as ^ - ^^. A --- a- -.- J - .. ^., ---. ---- ......: .- .. - -., - a »,».,. ^ - .- .. ,, . »..- ... ... ...., -, ^.". < ..? K-, .....

Figure 22 schematically shows the system of continuous kinetic cycle carried out in accordance with the latest improvements introduced, with the rest of the elements of the desalination plant. Since the operation has already been described with respect to figures 1 to 17, we will focus on the structural and functional differences introduced by the new improvements. As in figures 1 to 17 we can see the auxiliary pump (201) of low pressure that supplies raw water to the auxiliary duct (201 '), and the internal circulation pump (203), which manages the same amount of water as the auxiliary pump (201) and corresponding to the same amount of rejected brine. This internal circulation pump (203) works in closed circuit with a small differential pressure, which corresponds to the loss of load of the brine in the membrane, but its casing is subjected to the pressure of the high pressure pump (202). which manages the flow of the product water at the high permeate pressure. The internal circulation pump (203) draws water from the pressurized duct (223) which is under high pressure, and after passing through the membrane comes out in the form of brine entering through the return duct (224) ..- ¡. ^^^^^^ ??? - ii_1_ also at high pressure. It only remains to review the discharge conduit (221) that leaves the circuit and expels the brine practically at the low pressure of the auxiliary pump (201). Note that in both the sump chambers (205) (205 ') and in the valves (61) (61') only raw water for desalting or brine circulates, since the water desalted product is supplied to the outside by the osmosis membrane (204). 10 Described the points of connection of the system that occupies us with the rest of the plant of reverse osmosis we pass to the description of the system of continuous kinetic cycle realized by means of two valves of three routes, that although it does not change the principle of utilization of kinetic energy, assumes a novel disposition of the different elements. See figure 23. In figure 23 we can see the inlet valve (61) and the outlet valve (61 ') mechanically coupled by a bridge (55). The inlet valve (61) is constituted by an inlet slide (51) with a single throat (82), which slides axially inside an inlet cylinder (52), which forms in conjunction with a input housing (50) an annular space. This entrance space is divided into a first collector (77), a central collector (78) and a second collector (79) by means of a first annular separator 5 (53) and a second annular separator (54). The inlet cylinder (52) has a plurality of first brine inlet ports (211), as well as a plurality of pre-pressurization ports (74), the latter in their part closest to the first annular separator (53). In this way, the first inlet manifold (77) is communicated with the internal cavity of the inlet cylinder (52). The central inlet manifold (78) is also in communication with the inner cavity of the inlet cylinder (52) thanks to a plurality of input central collector ports (81) located in their midplane. The inlet valve (61) described is symmetrical with respect to this middle plane perpendicular to the axial axis of the same, so that the second collector of The inlet (79) is in communication with the inner cavity of the inlet cylinder (52) by the second equivalent brine inlet ports (211 ') and pre-pressurized ports (74'). How can the communication between -----? ------- a --------- ^^ ~ «-i -. * - ** ... - ,, - ¿-., A -, ..-.-, .- .. - ^. -a --.- - «a-j-. the different collectors is or is not possible depending on the position of the annular entrance throat (82) which has the entrance slide (51). With regard to the outlet valve 5 (61 '), this has a configuration similar to that of the inlet valve (61), except that the outlet slide (51') has two annular grooves (86). ) (86 ') instead of just one as in the entry slide (51). Accordingly, the possible communication between the inner cavity of the outlet cylinder (52 ') and the first outlet manifold (77'), central outlet manifold (78 ') and second outlet manifold (79'), themselves configured as annular volumes comprised between the exit cylinder (52 '), the exit housing (50'), first annular exit separator (53 ') and second annular exit separator (54') is established by the following holes . A plurality of brine discharge ports (212) 20 having the outlet cylinder (52 ') in correspondence with the first outlet manifold (77') and very close to the first annular exit separator (53 '). A plurality of brine discharge ports (212 ') presenting the outlet cylinder , -..... ^^ _ i_riü _____ t ___ M _ ^ _-., «~,., .. -? -.-" l. ". --- --.. - __--- "- ..... • < -. ^ -, .. -.a. ., ^. i,, - ^, - ^ - a .. «,. - ,, - t. ^. j -., -. .. -¿ ... ... d; -, .. (52 ') in correspondence with the second outlet manifold (79') and in symmetrical position of the previous ones with respect to the median plane perpendicular to the axial axis of the outlet valve (61 '). Finally a plurality of outlet central manifold ports (81 '), which has the outlet cylinder (52 ') and communicating its internal cavity with the central outlet manifold (78'). Two series of small ports of previous depressurization (76) (76 ') appear on each side of the output collector ports (81') cited. The rest of valves of a single direction of flow are already known in the previous patent. Anyway, we remember that the valves check valves (213 and 213 ') receive raw water from auxiliary duct (201') and close when there is greater pressure in the opposite direction, the check valves (214 and 214 ') of the same characteristics as the previous ones, are opened to make way for the water to the pressurized duct (223). Finally, the important recirculation valves (209 and 209 ') make possible the effect of the "continuous kinetic cycle" and only open a small the moment when the entrances and exits to the mother chambers are all closed with respect to the outside and the water rotates in these mother chambers in the form of a closed ring, by virtue of their inertia or kinetic energy. In each cycle, which means a round trip of the three-way main valves, four times of "continuous kinetic cycle", two for each mother chamber, once with brine and another with water to desalinate. This effect can be observed in the instant represented in this figure 23 when the slides (51) and (51 ') are just in the position shown, where the water neither enters nor leaves the first nurse chamber (205) and is seen forced to open the first recirculation valve (209) by virtue of the energy it carries in its movement. In figure 28 it can be seen that the water passes from one side to the other (from right to left of the drawing) circulating through the intermediate space that exists between the input and output cylinders (52) (52 ') and the casings of entrance and exit (50) (50 ') that constitute the external body of the valves in question. In figures 36 to 40 you can see a ÜÉÜHÍiÜitollÉtti MÉmuMiiiüfiHÉ iiiÉirf tß * M! L, t. i A; .- * -_- preferred embodiment of the epicyclic mechanical drive of the two slide valves (61) (61 ') through the bridge (55) that joins them. This has a hole in its central part through which passes a drive rod (90) provided with two stops (91) (91 ') designed to push the bridge (55) in both directions. The driving rod (90) receives the movement of a planetary (93), which rolls around a wheel central (94), by means of a drive rod (92). As for the flow laminators (225) (225 ') these are located at the entrance of the corresponding mother chambers (205) (205') with to absorb the turbulence created in the masses of raw water or brine as it passes through the inlet and outlet valves (61) (61 '). Its configuration can be very variable depending on the size of the plant, speed chosen for the water .... etc. but in general they respond to designs based on a grid of sheets (95), concentric tubes (96), with radial sheets (97) or plurality of parallel tubes (98). See figures 41 to 43.

We will begin the description of the operation starting with figure 25 where the entry and exit slides (51) (51 ') are at the starting point of their run (in low position). At this time the feed water entering through the auxiliary conduit (201 ') opens the non-return valve (213) because the first nurse chamber (205) has its other free end, communicating with the outside through the discharge conduit ( 221). At this time the raw water entering through the auxiliary conduit (201 ') after passing through the inlet valve (61) and the outlet valve (61 ') has the free path to exit through the discharge conduit (221) so that it expels the brine currently occupying the first nurse chamber (205). The second nurse chamber (205 ') is in full activity, supplying its raw water content through the pressurized conduit (223) to the membrane (204) and receiving the brine through the return duct (224). The position of the sliders (51) (51 ') allows a free path for the water that fills the second nurse chamber (205') and which, by being at high pressure, keeps the non-return valve (213 ') closed. For its part, the check valve (214) remains closed, due to the lower pressure of the first nurse camera (205) with respect to the pressurized duct (223). In figure 26 the slides of the 5 valves advance to a point where the outlet slide (51 ') closes the ports of the outlet manifold (81'), leaving the outlet valve (61 ') completely closed because the Common way, which is the one of the Center, has been closed. At this moment the first The mother chamber (205), which has been filled with raw water from the sea, has no water supply from the auxiliary conduit (201 ') and the non-return valve (213) closes but its internal pressure is low, approximately equal to the feeding of the auxiliary conduit (201 '). At this time the water circulating inside the first mother chamber (205) has closed the outlet to the discharge conduit (221) and the inertia that leads in its movement, finding no way out, opens the first valve of recirculation (209) to allow the passage of water from the first outlet manifold (77 ') to the first inlet manifold (77) and enter again in the first mother chamber (205> by the flow laminator (225) originating the first time in cycle ---_- & * ¿* * ~, ~ ..., - - _. . ,. -. - ».-..-. kinetic, At this time all the brine that was left in the first nurse chamber (205) has been expelled. For the mother chamber (205 ') nothing has changed and continues as in figure 25. The brine has pushed almost all of the raw water towards the membrane (204) through the pressurized conduit (223). In figure 27 the slides of both valves have advanced a little more until positioning in the next step which is when the small pre-pressurization ports (74) are opened and cause the "pre-pressurization", passing the high pressure of the return conduit (224) to the first mother chamber (205). This "pre-pressurization" is makes small holes as it happens in the oil dampers and solves two problems. The first is the decrease in pressure in the membrane (204) by the transfer of fluid from one nurse camera to the other, due to the small dilation produced due to the elasticity of the chambers and ducts that are under pressure and are suddenly pressurized. The second undesirable effect that comes to solving the "previous pressurization" is the abrupt goLeteo of the first recirculation valve (209) that being - títímt - * -? '' * "™ ~ ¿-'1. -.i ^ -.- .. * * =" -? - j na ££ i? ü¡MMMa? open has to close at this time. For the second nurse camera (205 ') nothing has changed and continues as in figures 25 and 26. In figure 28 the sliders come forward 5 a bit more, we are exactly in the center of their travel, resulting in the collector ports central input (81) and the ports of the first and second outlet manifolds (212) (212 ') are all ajar, which means that the flow rates , both supply chambers (205) (205 ') to the pressurized conduit (223) are distributed equally for each one of them. This is the moment of transition in which the functions of each mother chamber change, where the relay takes place, in order that for the pressurized conduit (223) continue to provide water to the membrane (204) continuously and not interrupted at any time. Both mother chambers contribute their raw water content to said pressurization conduit (223). 20 In figure 29 the runners follow their route. The input slide (51) closes the brine input and pre-pressurization ports (211 ') (74') of the second inlet manifold (79), leaving the outside world incommunicado second mother chamber (205 ') while the first mother chamber (205) continues to operate as in figure 28. The second mother chamber (205') is at this time with its brine content in motion and will pass what in the figure 26 with the first sump chamber (205), and that it will begin to circulate in a loop, since the inertial force of the moving brine mass opens the second recirculation valve (209 ') (basic element of the invention). This second nurse chamber (205 ') is still pressurized. In figure 30 when the runners advance a little more, the first nurse chamber (205) works the same as in figure 29, but upon opening the prepressurization ports (76 ') the water that is under high pressure in the second chamber the feeder (205 ') drops at atmospheric pressure when the brine escapes through the discharge conduit (221), causing the low pressure of the auxiliary conduit (201') to open the non-return valve (213 ') by the very small exhaust of the ports of previous depressurization (76 '). This operation of previous depressurization is not as important as the "previous pressurization" described in figure 27. since the water goes outside to The pressure in quantity is as small as that which the mother chambers can store in their expansion due to the high pressure, but we can avoid the small noise that originates. 5 In figure 31 we can see the end of the half-cycle of the slide valves, where both are located at the top of their other end, the first nurse chamber (205) continues to operate as in figure 30, and the second nurse chamber (205). ') 10 continues to dislodge brine through the discharge conduit (221) while entering the raw water through the auxiliary conduit (201'), since the non-return valve (213 ') and the brine discharge ports (212') ) and the central outlet manifold (81 ') 15 are open at all, the content of the second mother chamber (205') escaping, as we have just said, through the discharge conduit (221). The runners reached the end of their travel and when the filling time 20 with raw water of the second nurse chamber (205 ') and the raw water that occupies the first motherhouse (205) has been replaced by the brine that is there entering through the return duct (224), the direction of travel of the slide valves is --------- Í ------------. -. m-t ^ ji «... .4-- ^. - • - -.-,. > ..-., -, ... ,, «_ > _. i., - > .. - .., ", .-. .-, -. ,, ",. ^ -« .. will invert, repeating the cycle in a manner similar to what has been described up to this point. Figures 36 to 40 show the epicyclic mechanical drive and its relation 5 to the different phases of operation of the desalination plant in a continuous kinetic cycle. Thus, both figure 36 and figure 37 correspond to the same position of the valves shown in figure 25, the first nurse camera (205) being in the period of filling raw water and the second mother chamber (205 ') supplying pressurized crude water to the permeate membrane (204), through the pressurized conduit (223). The time that elapses between the planetary positions (93) represented in figures 40 and 41 is a dead time in which there is no movement of the bridge (55), allowing the filling with raw water of the first nurse chamber (205) and the supply of all the raw water occupied by the second nurse chamber (205 '). ) through pressurized conduit (223) towards the membrane (204). Figure 38 shows the moment in which the pre-pressurization ports (74) are opened and the positions of the different valves are those shown in figure 27, the first being f-Au ^ aa- - _ A. . . ^ -. ^. -t -, .- .., .. ^ .. j »» - »., ^., * mother chamber (205) in continuous kinetic cycle and the second mother chamber (205 ') finalizing the supply of pressurized raw water . Figure 39 shows the moment of the previous depressurization of the second nurse chamber (205 ') the valves being in the position corresponding to Figure 30, in which the brine occupying the second nurse chamber (205') is in continuous kinetic cycle, while the first nurse chamber (205) initiates the supply of pressurized crude water. Finally figure 40 shows the end of the half plane of the planetary (93) starting a new dead period during which the supply of all the raw water pressurized occupying the first nurse chamber (205) and the total filling with raw water of the second nurse camera (205 '). In figures 32 to 35 an industrial embodiment of the object of the invention is shown. As can be seen, the mother chambers (205) (205 '), the inlet and outlet valves (61) (61') and the recirculation and non-return valves (209) (209 ') (213) (213') (214) ) (214 ') form a set - ?? i ---- faith-compact, which can be transported mounted easily. At the installation site, it is only necessary to assemble the different auxiliary (201 '), pressurized (223), return (224) and discharge (221) ducts, also connecting the different pumps. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects to which it relates. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following: --- «diiii &? & i - * -., -...«. . -. - ía * ... A.-a ..

Claims (12)

1. Claims 1. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle, comprising at least one pair of 5 mother chambers that are pressurized alternately and a high pressure pump in parallel with the internal circulation pump, characterized by each of said mother chambers forms a closed circuit, preferably of toroidal shape but which can also be oval, zigzag, helical or of any other form, in such a way that the water always flows in the same direction and continuously inside.
2. 2. Desalination water by reverse osmosis 15 with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle, according to claim 1, characterized in that each mother chamber has means of separation between water bodies of different salinity that are constituted by a piston of spherical shape and apparent density similar to that of water.
3. 3. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle, according to claim 2, -. < iJt iÉ > Ma? .jfcM? L ..., t .., .. ^.,. ^ I.,:, ^ A ....-.- laSa -, ..- -.--. «.. -.... «< t ^.,. A ..-- A-A.and ...- > .. ^, «.., .. __ * _ * ... ^. ^^. characterized in that each one of the said pistons is picked up by a rotating basket, which carries an anti-stop valve that can rotate to release the pads.
4. 4. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle, according to claim 2, characterized in that the mentioned basket / piston assembly is located in derivation following a concealment strategy.
5. 5. Water desalination by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle, according to claim 1, characterized in that each nurse chamber has separation means between water masses of different salinity that are constituted by two pistons of form spherical and apparent density similar to that of water, which can be blocked by means of jaws that act by throttling the section of the tube through which the pistons circulate.
6. 6. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: an inlet valve constituted by a ^ n ^ tt üawüÉuKAifct .fc_-t _. - J- _M * i »--____._ input slide in the form of a solid cylinder having an annular groove and sliding axially inside an inlet cylinder, which forms, in conjunction with an input housing an annular space divided into a first inlet manifold, a central manifold and a second inlet manifold via a first annular inlet separator and a second annular inlet separator; the input cylinder presenting a first central inlet manifold port and a first pre-pressurized port in correspondence with the first inlet manifold, a central inlet manifold port in correspondence with the central inlet manifold and a second inlet manifold port. 15 central inlet manifold and a second pre-pressurization port in correspondence with the second inlet manifold, an outlet valve constituted by a solid cylinder-shaped outlet slide having two annular grooves and sliding axially inside of the interior. an output cylinder, which configures, in conjunction with an output housing, an annular space divided into a first output collector, a central output collector and a second «I ------- itÉ-M-i-i? Ii- ------- A-U-i-É-tt-a? Ii -. . , I t a- ^ att-t--. output manifold by means of a first annular outlet separator and a second annular exit separator; the output cylinder presenting a first output port in correspondence with the first output collector, a central outlet collector port in correspondence with the central exit manifold and a second exit port in correspondence with the second exit manifold, 10. a drive bridge that solves the inlet valve and the outlet valve, a first nurse chamber whose ends are joined to the first inlet manifold and to the first outlet manifold, 15. a second nurse chamber whose ends are joined to the second inlet manifold and to the second outlet manifold,. an auxiliary conduit that receives the raw water supplied by an auxiliary pump and leads it to the first inlet manifold and to the second inlet manifold through respective non-return valves respectively, a pressurized conduit connected to the first outlet manifold and to the second manifold of departure by means of respective non-return valves respectively, and which leads the raw water to be desalinated to a reverse osmosis membrane, a return conduit which, starting from the reverse osmosis membrane, conducts the reject brine to the central inlet manifold of the inlet valve, a discharge conduit coupled to the central outlet manifold of the outlet valve,. a first recirculation valve of the non-return type, allowing the passage from the first outlet manifold to the first inlet manifold, a second recirculation valve of the non-return type allowing the passage from the second outlet manifold to the second inlet manifold.
7. 7. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that the exit cylinder has two series of pre-depressurization ports one on each side of the outlet central collector ports.
8. 8. Water desalination by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in kinetic cycle na > * ag-tt - ¿-J ---- ^ .-- ,, -. «.- -, -. -,, .- ^ JtH. t ---- i- --- continuous according to claim 6, characterized in that the actuation sequence is carried out by means of an epicyclic mechanism constituted by a fixed central gear 5 around which a planetary wheel also toothed; in whose periphery the end of a driving rod that moves a driving rod provided with two stops designed to drag the solidary bridge 10 of the inlet valve and the outlet valve is fixed in an articulated manner.
9. 9. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that at the entrance of the chambers 15 wetter a flux laminator is provided to cushion the turbulence generated by the passage of raw water or brine through the inlet and outlet valves.
10. 10. Desalination water by reverse osmosis 20 with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow laminators are constituted by a grid of sheets. | ^^^
11. 11. Desalination water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow laminator is constituted by a plurality of concentric tubes in combination with radial sheets.
12. 12. Desalination of water by reverse osmosis with pressurized mother chambers in continuous kinetic cycle according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow laminator is constituted by a plurality of parallel tubes. fifteen twenty ^^^ t ?? ^^? ^ OM .. .j ^? ¡* T? ¡M¡áu ** iB SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It comprises at least one auxiliary pump (1), and another high-pressure pump (2) in parallel with an internal circulation pump (3), and at least one pair of mother chambers (5 and 5 ') that are alternately pressurized, forming each one of them a closed circuit, preferably toroidal, in such a way that the water always circulates in the same direction and without stopping, taking advantage of its kinetic energy in the change of valves; it being possible to present separation means between water masses of different salinity constituted by pistons (7 and 7 ') of spherical shape and apparent density similar to that of water, which are briefly retained during the cycle change by baskets (6 and 6'). ) or equivalent devices, while the water continues to circulate at the expense of its kinetic energy, controlling the cycle changes by means of proximity sensors (29 and 29 ') and housing (28 and 28'), or by means of flow meters (31, 31 '). and 32) or by salinity measurements when such separation means do not exist. ?, ¿HÍMÍ «r? Ifc _» __ «__ M _____ ** ___« É__d? ___ ^^