MXPA00006064A - Safety syringe - Google Patents

Abstract

The vial (8) has a ratchet member with fixed ratchet teeth andtabs about its circumference. These form camming surfaces which cooperate with the housing (4) camming surfaces, and the tabs are aligned for reciprocating in the housing bore grooves. Ring (10) is movably secured and captured to the vial for rotation about the vial and for limited axial displacement along the vial longitudinal axis. Spring (12) urges the ring and vial to the retracted position. The vial and the attached needle (36) can be moved from a retracted position to an extended position and to a permanent retracted position in response to depression of the plunger and vial or by displacement of the vial alone together with the spring force on the ring.

Description

SAFETY SYRINGE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to safety syringes that include a cylindrical housing with a bore, a plunger within the bore, a needle coupled to the housing and which is in fluid communication with the bore, and also refers to to safety devices to retract the needle, after use, into the perforation.

ANALYSIS OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE The need for a syringe to automatically extend and retract its needle during axial displacement of the syringe plunger has been recognized for a long time, providing a relatively simple operation to secure the needle permanently within the syringe. of the perforation of the housing, at the time prior to the use of the syringe the needle is temporarily secured inside the perforation. Various solutions to this problem have been offered, including those of the applicant hereby. However, to date, no solution has been offered to this problem that allows the needle to be retracted into the perforation when the liquid inside the syringe has not AMENDED SHEET been totally expelled; nor have previous solutions resulted in production that is sufficiently economical to allow their wide use.

United States Patent No. , 573, 513 of Wozencroft discloses a syringe system with pre-filled cartridge having a hollow cylinder and an outlet at one end for ejecting a liquid along a needle, by depressing a plunger. A needle cover is mounted on the cylinder and is slidable along the cylinder between a contracted position, in which the needle projects towards an open end of the cover, and in an extended position, in which the tip The needle is located inside the cover to protect the tip of the needle. The inter-coupling formations on the protection and the cylinder retain the cover in the extended position and a spring tilts the cover towards its extended position. The cover automatically assumes its extended position and is retained in that position by the inter-coupling formations or is released from the pressure in the direction of the contraction movement. During use, a manual placement operation is required to expose the needle and make the syringe system ready for injection. The syringe system is AMENDED MOJA keeps in two locations using both hands. A twisting and rotating action is applied to the cover. This action causes displacement and axial rotation of a part of the insert in relation to the cylinder to uncouple the outer ribs that are on the cylinder, pulling them out of the recesses, and to couple the ramp surfaces on the insert. The cover is temporarily locked by the twisting action to leave the needle exposed and ready for use. The ribs on the cylinder align with the openings between the ribs on the cover, to allow retraction of the cover relative to the cylinder in a subsequent operation. The unclamping action may not be achieved only with a thrust action or with a twisting action applied to the cover. This device is difficult to use since it requires both hands of a user. Frequently, medical personnel who administer injections may not have both hands free. This presents a problem in the use of this device. The present invention is an acceptance of this problem and provides an advance on it where the user can administer an injection with only one hand from the initial stage of the preparation of the syringe to the final stage where the needle is permanently locked and remains completely enclosed within the structure of the syringe, AMENDED SHEET without the use of both hands and without a twisting action by the user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A safety syringe according to the present invention comprises a housing with a bore extending in the axial direction from the proximal end of the housing towards its distal end. A vial has a fluid receiving chamber with proximal and distal ends, for receiving a plunger and for axial displacement thereof within the bore of the housing, between the retracted and extended positions. The distal end of the vial secures a needle thereto, in fluid communication with the vial chamber, the needle retracts fully into the perforation when the vial is retracted and extends from the distal end of the perforation, when extending the vial . A resilient means pushes the vial resiliently towards the retracted position. A positioning means, which responds to an initial axial displacement of the vial, locks the vial releasably in the extended position; the positioning means unlocks the vial during a subsequent axial displacement thereof and to move the vial towards the retracted position, in response to unlocking. In one aspect, a plunger that is AMENDED SHEET inside the vial chamber displaces the vial in the axial direction. In a further aspect, the positioning means includes a cam means secured to the vial and to the perforation of the housing and which responds to the axial position of the vial within the perforation, to cause releasable locking and unlocking and permanent locking of the vial in the positions extended and retracted. In a further aspect the cam means comprises a cooperative ratchet and sear means. In a further aspect, the pawl and pawl means includes ratchet teeth on the housing in the bore, a pawl rotatably secured to the vial to engage releasable with the teeth of the housing and a cam means in the vial to selectively engage with the pawl. and to displace it eccentrically in relation to the ratchet teeth, during the initial and subsequent axial displacements. In a further aspect, the guiding means serves to guide the vial axially during travel. In yet another aspect, the ratchet means comprises ratchet teeth on the housing, in the bore, adjacent the distal end, and ratchet teeth externally, on the distal end of the vial, and a detent with a AMENDED SHEET cam surface secured rotationally to the vial; the resilient means serves to resiliently push the sear into selective engagement with the vial and with the ratchet teeth of the housing, in response to axial displacement of the vial toward the distal end of the perforation. In yet another aspect, the guiding means includes a groove extending axially in the bore of the housing and a guide tab secured to the vial and coupled with the grooves. The ratchet means includes a tab on the vial and has a first cam surface, the perforation of the housing has first and second axial slots, one of the slots serves to axially guide the tab during travel of the vial, a tumbler is rotatably secured to the vial and has a second cam surface, the detent is inside said slot, in the initial retracted position, and moves eccentrically towards engagement with the vial and the ratchet teeth of the housing, by effect of the first cam surface . In a further aspect, the ratchet teeth of the vial serve for an eccentric movement of the detent, out of engagement with the ratchet teeth of the housing, from the extended position, toward engagement with the second slot, to retract the vial to the second position.

AMENDED SHEET retracted, in response to thrust. In another aspect, the latch and latch engaging means is coupled to the second slot at the proximal end of the housing bore in order to lock the vial in the retracted position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an elevation view of a syringe according to the present invention; Figure la is an elevation and sectional view of the syringe of Figure 1; Figure 2 is an exploded view of the syringe of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an isometric view of the syringe of Figure 1; Figure 4 is an isometric view of a vial used in the embodiment of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a sectional elevation view of the vial of Figure 4; Figure 6 is an isometric view of an end cap used in the embodiment of Figure 1; Figures 7 and 8 are, respectively, more detailed isometric and elevation views of the vial of Figure 4, with a cam ring attached; Figure 9 is a sectional and plan view of the embodiment of Figure 8, taken at AMENDED SHEET length of line 9-9; Figures 10 to 12 are respective elevational views of the ring of Figure 9, taken along lines 10-10, 11-11 and 12-12; Figure 13 is a bottom plan view of the embodiment of Figure 4, taken along lines 13-13; Figure 14 is a fragmentary and flattened side view of the interior of the housing showing guide grooves of the vial to guide the vial during axial positioning, positioning of the ratchet teeth to put the vial in the extended form and a locking groove to lock the vial in the retracted position; and Figures 15 to 22 are views similar to Figure 14 showing the positioning cams of the vial in various positions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In Figures 1 to 6, the syringe 2 comprises: a housing 4 molded of a thermoplastic material; a plunger 6, of conventional configuration, molded of a thermoplastic material; a vial 8 molded from a thermoplastic material; a cam ring 10 for positioning a vial, made of thermoplastic material, which can be moved in a rotational and axial manner to secure and capture the vial 8; a spiral compression spring 12 and a cover 14 AMENDED SHEET welded in ultrasonic or thermal form or permanently attached and secured to the housing 4. A needle unit 36 is releasably secured to the vial 8 FIG. The needle unit 36 is protected by a cap 15 which is subsequently removed after the needle unit 36 is attached to the vial 8. The plunger 6 has a flange 16 to support the fingers and a seal flange 18 of circular cylindrical shape , connected to an arrow 20 with ribs. The housing 4, Figure la, includes: a circular cylindrical body 22 with a circular cylindrical bore 23; a finger support flange 24, at the proximal end 26 of the body, and a cover 14 at the distal end 28 of the body. The lid 14 is welded to the body 22 in a joint 30. The lid 14 has a flange 32 that hangs radially inwardly and defines a needle receiving opening 34. The needle unit 36 is releasably secured to the vial 8 at the distal end 38 thereof. A portion of the perforation 23 of the housing 4, Figure 14, is shown in flattened form. On the inner wall of the housing, in the perforation 23, there are the segments 42 and 44, cast in high relief, ie extending radially inwards, these segments extend in an axial direction along the axis AMENDED SHEET 40 (Figure la). Two identical sets of segments 42 and 44 are shown, the perforation is formed with three of these identical sets. The segments 42 and 44 on a pair of edges 43 and 45 spaced apart and oriented towards each other, respectively, form a groove 46 extending linearly in axial form. The segment 42 has, on its opposite side, a distal linear edge 48, extending in axial direction, coupled to the proximal linear edge 50, extending in axial direction, by the ramp edge 52. The edge 52 is inclined from the edge 48 towards the edge 50 relative to the axial direction, in the direction towards the segment 44 and towards the proximal end 26. The segment 44 has a first edge 54 extending linearly and axially and terminating at an edge of end 56 adjacent to the bottom edge 58 of the housing 4 and separately from it; the edge 58 thus forms the gasket of the lid 14 (the lid 14 is not shown in this figure). The segment 44 has a second edge 58 extending linearly and axially beyond the edge 48 with respect to the edge 50. The edges 54 and 58 are connected by a reverse edge forming a V-shaped notch 60. The groove 64 is formed by the edges 50 and 58 and the slot 66 is formed by the edges 48 and 54. The notch 60 is separated from the ramp edge 52 in the SHEET AMENDED distal direction. This separation forms an inclined groove 62 connected to grooves 64 and 66, of equal width, extending axially. The slot 64 extends through the flange 24. The segments 42 and 44 terminate, each at the proximal end, in the flange 68 that hangs radially inward, through which the slots 64 pass and in which end the slots 46. The slots 46, 64 and 66 are of the same width in transverse direction, between the adjacent edges. The scale of Figure 14 is not in proportion to a real device, this has the purpose of giving clarity to the illustration. In practice, the slots and segments 42 and 44 may be narrower and longer than the proportion shown in the Figures. The segment 42 has a distal edge 70 which is in the form of serrated ratchet teeth 72 and 74. The tooth 72 has an edge 76 which is inclined towards the proximal end 26 and towards the edge 48, preferably at approximately 45 °. The tips of the teeth 72 and 74 are spaced equidistantly, at a distance d in the proximal axial direction 75 from the next edge 56 of the adjacent segment 44. The tooth 74 has the same configuration as the teeth 72. The tooth 74 has a linear edge that extends axially and is connected to the edge 76, forming between them AMENDED SHEET a V-shaped tooth root depression 80. The tooth 74 has an inclined edge 82. The edge 82 intercepts the edge 48 and, therefore, is coupled to the groove 66. The edge 76 is coupled to slot 46. Slots 46 serve as guides for the vial, as will be explained below. In Figure 5, the vial 8 has a cylindrical body 84 that forms a cylindrical cavity 86. The body 84 has a proximal end 88 to which is attached, by welding, a terminal flange member 90, Figure 2, after the The vial is inserted into the bore 23 of the housing 4 (Figure 1), through the lower distal end of the borehole 23. The tab member 90 captures the vial 8, together with other structures to be described, within the perforation 23 of the housing 4 for an axial displacement in the bore in the directions 92. In Figure 5, the vial 8 has a needle unit 36 which receives a conical pendant nozzle 94 molded to the body 84 in the cavity 86. According to In a particular implementation, the nozzle 94 releasably connects itself to the needle unit 36, preferably by screwing or friction action. The body 84 has a stepped portion 98 radially inward at the distal end of the body. In Figures 7 and 8, the outer peripheral surface of the vial 8 is molded in a manner COMPLETED SHEET integral with a ratchet member 100, one piece, circular cylindrical shape. The member 100 includes three cam tabs 102 spaced apart equidistantly in an annular direction, each slidably received in a corresponding slot 46 in the body of the housing (Figure 14). The tabs 102 each end at an upper distal edge at the circular edge 104 of the member 100. The edge 104 abuts the flange 68 of the housing in the bore 23, in the retracted position of Figure la. The tab 102, preferably approximately 0.060 inch "(0.15 cm) in cross-section width, has an inclined cam surface 106 facing the distal direction 108. A set 110 of ratchet teeth 112 is positioned between the adjacent tabs and, of Preferably, there are three sets of tabs and three sets of teeth, spaced equidistantly around the peripheral surface of the vial In Figure 8a, there is a flattened view of the assembly 110 of the member 100, two teeth 112, 112 t- are placed, each, in an angular segment with a preferred spacing of approximately 40 °, each tooth has a ramp cam surface at an angular spacing of 20 °, the teeth 112 are preferably symmetrical with respect to a tilt of approximately 45 ° SHEET AMENDED with respect to the axial direction. Each assembly 110 includes a peripheral rib member 114, annular circular in shape. The rib member extends between a tooth 112 and a tongue 102. Each tooth 112, 112 t has a pair of identical cam surfaces, 116, 118 and 116 ', 118t, respectively. An inclined cam surface 119 is between the surface 118 'and a tongue 102. The ring 10, Figures 7 to 12, comprises a cylindrical annular ring member 120 of annular circular shape and a set of three annularly spaced cam tabs 122. equidistant and extend vertically. The tongues 122 function as latches and selectively engage the ratchet teeth on the housing and on the vial. Each tab 122 has an inclined upper cam surface 124 and a lower cam surface 126 inclined. The surfaces 124 and 126 are inclined in opposite directions. The surface 124 has an inclination which engages, abuts and moves eccentrically and selectively by means of an inclined surface 106 of the corresponding tab 102 of the ratchet member and with the cam surfaces 119, 116 'and 116 of the teeth of the ratchet member 100 (Figure 8a). The surface 124 also engages selectively with the edges 76 and 82 of the respective ratchet teeth 72 and 74 (Figure 14) AMENDED SHEET of the housing segments 42 and moves eccentrically (cam movement) by these surfaces. The ring 10 is molded separately to form the vial 8 and is slidably and rotatably secured to the outer peripheral surface of the vial. Preferably, the ring 10 is captured by the vial by the ratchet member 100 and a circular rib 128 (Figures 7 and 8) formed around the outer peripheral surface of the vial, for example by thermal distortion of the vial body. The ring 10 is free to rotate around the outer peripheral surface of the vial and to move axially along this surface. The axial displacement of the ring 10 is sufficient for the tongues 122 of the ring 10 to be able to clear the tongues 102 of the ratchet members 100 and allow the ring 10 to rotate selectively about the axis 40. The tongues 122 preferably have the same width transverse that the tabs 102 and selectively slide within the slots 46, 62, 64 and 66. In operation, the syringe 2 is assembled with the vial 8 in the retracted position of Figure 1, with or without the needle unit 38. in its coupled position. If the needle unit is not coupled, the user couples it in the conventional manner. The needle in this position is completely enclosed SHEET AMENDED by the housing 4 and is protected, in this way to avoid injuries to the staff that handles the syringe. The vial 8 is captured by the housing 4 by the ratchet member 100 and the flange member 90 which is welded to the proximal end of the vial 8, after the vial is inserted into the housing bore 23. During use, the needle needs to move from the retracted position of the housing 4 to an extended position, not shown. When the needle extends, it passes through the opening 34 of the lid 14 and the distal end 28 of the housing 4. In the initial retracted position of the needle, Figure 15, the inclined surfaces 124 of the tabs 122 of the ring 10 they meet and engage, each with a corresponding inclined cam surface 106 of the tongues 102 of the ratchet member 100, in the slots 46. The spring 12 pushes axially to the vial 8 by the ring 10 in the proximal direction 75, bumping with the respective tabs. The tabs and slots 46 prevent the ratchet member 100 and the ring 10 from rotating in this position, position 1. In this position, the upper edge 104 of the ratchet member 100 abuts the flange 68. In Figure 16, the vial it is in a distal position. The vial is initially moved to that position by pushing the plunger 6 and, of this MODIFIED SHEET, to the vial 8 in the direction 108 towards the distal end 28 of the housing. It can also be moved in this position by pushing the vial in the flange 90, axially, in direction 108 in the absence or presence of the plunger. The plunger 6 can be selectively inserted or removed from the cavity 86 of the vial, as desired according to a specific sequence. As the vial reaches the extended position (not shown) corresponding to Figure 16, the inclined surfaces 106 of the tongues 102 of the member 100 and the surfaces 124 of the tongues 122 of the ring 10 are positioned so that they remain in the same extension and are aligned with the inclined surface 76 of the teeth 72 of the housing segment 42. In this extended position, the axial force of the spring 12 in the ring 10 in the direction 75, moves eccentrically to the tabs 122 of the ring 10 against the tongues 102 and the inclined cam surfaces of the teeth 72, rotating the ring 10 in the direction 130 towards the position of Figure 17. The ring 10 with these sear tongues 122 can no longer rotate due to the restriction they represent. the surfaces 118 'of the ratchet teeth of the ratchet member 100 and the abutment with the sear formed by the tongue 122. Upon release of the plunger, Figure 18, AMENDED SHEET While the spring 12 is pushing the tongues 122 of the ring 10 against the ratchet member 100 in the proximal direction 75, the vial 8 is displaced in the direction 75 to the position 2. In this position, the vial is locked from releasable way in axial sense and is ready to be used. The tongue 122 of the ring 10 is locked against the edge 78 of the tooth 74 of the housing segment 42 in a ratchet-catch arrangement and can not rotate further in the direction 130. The needle is thus temporarily locked in this extended position. The plunger 6 is then used to place the desired fluid in the cavity 86 of the vial (FIG. 5), removing the plunger in the direction 75 and creating a vacuum in the cavity 86 of the vial, as typically occurs in the syringes. The plunger is then depressed in the direction 108 to inject the fluid with the normal procedure. After finishing the injection, it is desired to retract the needle to avoid further use and to protect the staff from injuries caused by the needle. To do so, the plunger 6 is depressed in the proximal direction 108 past the position 2 of Figure 18 until the tongue 122 of the ring 10 only passes the tip of the tooth 74 of the housing segment 42, Figure 19. In this position , Figure 19, the surfaces 124 of the tongue 122 are aligned with the surfaces 82 of the tooth 74 APPENDED AMENDED SHEET. The force of the spring 12 in the direction 75 on the ring 10 moves eccentrically to the surface 124 of the ring tongue 122 against the tooth surface 118 'of the ratchet member 100, rotating the ring in the direction 130 towards the position of the Figure 20. At this time, the vial 8 is free to retract - and retracts automatically in the direction 75, by the force of the axial spring 12 against the ring 10. The tabs 102 of the vial move with reciprocating movement in the grooves 46. , guiding the vial to the axial direction 75, during this displacement, the vial 8 does not rotate at any time. It is also possible to terminate the injection with a partial injection of the fluid before emptying the vial 8. When the vial is partially filled with fluid, it is not desired to move the plunger 6 further in order to retract the vial, as already described above. This additionally empty the vial. To immediately retract the vial and the needle into its securely locked position 3 permanently, the plunger can be removed from the vial. The vial 8 by its flange 90 can then be pressed in the direction 108 relative to the flange 24 of the housing 4, whether or not the piston 6 is present, still beyond the injection position 2, Figure 18, at any time. This AMENDED SHEET causes the vial 8 and the attached needle unit 36 to be positioned in the sequence of Figures 19 to 22. In Figure 21, the force of the axial spring 12 on the ring 10 moves eccentrically to the ring by its similar tongues 122. a detent against the surface of the edge 82 of the tooth 74 of the segment 42, up to the position 3 axially aligned with the groove 66. The spring force eccentrically moves the tongues 122 in the direction 130 against the cam surface 82 of the teeth 74 until the tabs 122 snap against the respective edges 54 of the segments 44. The spring is continuously urging the ring toward the proximal end 26 of the housing 4, in the direction 75. When the tabs 122 are aligned with the slots 66 , the ring 10 is free to move axially, direction 75, with the tongues 122 sliding in the grooves 66. This forces the vial 8 to move in the same direction n through its tabs 102 that bump. The ring 10 moves in response to the spring force in the direction 75, FIG. 22, until the surface 124 of the tongue 122 engages the surface 52 of the groove 62. This surface 52 moves eccentrically automatically to the tab 122 towards alignment and along the slot 64 by the inclined slot 62. The upper surface 104 of the limb member AMENDED SHEET ratchet 100 at this time engages with the lower surface of the receiving flange 68, which acts as a stop for the ratchet member 100 _ and, thus, the vial 8, in the direction 75 in the retracted position 3. If the user attempts to reuse the syringe 2 by pressing the plunger 6 in the direction 108, the V-shaped tabs 122 of the ring 10, on the lower surface 126, enter the notch 160, axially and rotationally locking the vial in the the retracted position. The notch 160 prevents the ring member from rotating in the direction opposite to the direction 130, preventing alignment of the tabs 122 with the corresponding slots 66. Therefore, the needle is permanently locked in the retracted position engaged in the housing. While three sets of segments and tabs are shown, this is only an illustration. A greater or lesser number of sets may be provided according to a specific implementation. A minimum of two sets is preferred to provide a balance of the spring forces in the components. While the flange member 90 is shown in a rectangular form, it can acquire other shapes. This member is preferably joined by ultrasonic welding to the vial, but could also be joined by some other arrangement, for example adhesion or the like. Cover 14 joins SHEET AMENDED by welding or otherwise attached to the housing 4, after the components are assembled to capture them in the bore 23 of the housing. While the teeth of the ratchet member are shown in angular form, they may have other undulating shapes, for example arched shape and the like. These shapes must match the shape of the teeth in the cam segment that were already described, in order to achieve the desired eccentric movement action for the ring member 10. The cam surfaces of the tabs may have different shapes than the ramps inclined, ie they can be curved, etc. People with ordinary expertise in this field will come up with modifications to the modalities exposed. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims.

AMENDED SHEET

Claims (17)

1. CLAIMS: 1. A safety device (2) for a syringe comprising: a housing (4) having a bore (23) extending in an axial direction (92) from a proximal end (26) to a distal end ( 28) of the accommodation; a vial (8) having a fluid receiving chamber (86) for receiving a plunger (6) and proximal (88) and distal ends, the vial serves for axial displacement in the perforation of the housing, between the retracted and extended positions, the distal end of the vial serves to secure a needle (36) therein, in fluid communication with the vial chamber, the needle is fully retracted in the perforation when the vial retracts and extends from the distal end of the perforation when the vial extends; a resilient means (12) for resilient pushing the vial towards the retracted position; characterized in that: a positioning means (10, 42, 44, 46, 60, 62, 66, 100) is included that responds to an initial axial displacement of the vial and serves to releasably lock the vial in the extended position, the Positioning serves to unblock the vial during a subsequent axial displacement of the vial and to move the vial towards a AMENDED LEAF second position retracted, in response to that unlocked.
2. 2. The device according to the claim 1, characterized in that the positioning means comprises ratchet means (10, 42, 44, 46, 60, 62, 66, 100) coupled to the vial (8) and a housing perforation (23) to lock releasably to the vial, to unlock it and to move it towards the second retracted position.
3. 3. The device according to the claim 2, characterized in that the ratchet means (76, 82) comprise: ratchet teeth fixed to the housing (4) in the bore- and ratchet teeth (112, 112 ') fixed externally to the vial and a sear (122) with a cam surface (124, 126) for the detent, rotatably secured to the vial, the resilient means for resiliently urging the detent in-selective engagement with the ratchet teeth of the vial and with the ratchet teeth of the housing, in response to the axial displacements of the vial towards the distal end of the perforation. The device according to claims 2, 3 and 13, characterized in that the ratchet means includes a tab (102) fixed to the vial with a first cam surface (100), the perforation of the housing has first (46) and second (62, 66) axial grooves; one of the slots AMENDED SHEET (46) serves to axially guide the tongue (102) during the movement of the vial; the sear (122) is rotatably secured to the vial and has a second cam surface (124); the detent is located in the first slot in the initial retracted position and moves eccentrically towards engagement with the ratchet teeth of the vial and with the ratchet teeth of the housing, by coupling the cam surface of the first tab with the surface of cam (124) of the sear 5. The device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the ratchet teeth (112, 112 ') of the vial move eccentrically the fastener (122) to remove it from engagement with the ratchet teeth (72). , 74) of the housing in the extended position and bring it into engagement with the second groove (62, 66), to retract the vial into the second retracted position, in response to the thrust. The device according to claims 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that the ratchet teeth, the detent and the cam surfaces of the tongue comprise complementary surfaces. 7. The device according to claims 4, 5 and 6 including a tongue and tongue latching means (10, 100) coupled to the HO AMENDED second slot (62, 66) at the proximal end of the perforation of the housing, in order to permanently and automatically lock the retracted vial. 8. The device according to claims 4 to 7, characterized in that locking means are included comprising a notch (46) in the bore (23) of the housing, coupled to the second groove (62, 66), in order to receive the tongue (102) and the sear (122) , and has a locking recess extending in the distal end direction (108) to rotatably and axially secure the fastener therein, in order to prevent axial displacement of the vial (8) towards the distal end. The device according to claims 4 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of ratchet means are circumferentially spaced around the periphery of the vial and around the perforation and the first and second slots. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning means includes a cam means (42, 44, 10, 100) secured to the vial and to the perforation of the housing that respond to the axial position of the vial in the perforation to cause the releasable locking of the vial, the unblocking of the vial and the permanent locking of the vial (8) in the retracted position. AMENDED SHEET 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the cooperative cam means comprises at least one cam surface (76, 827 on an inner surface of the housing within the cavity and at least one cam surface (116, 118, 119). , 116 ', 118') on the vial 12. The syringe according to claim 11, wherein the cavity of the housing has a wall with first and second grooves (46, 62, 66) that extend axially and are spaced apart. or the cam surfaces on the housing comprises an undulating surface (76, 78, 82) extending circumferentially towards the slots facing the distal end of the perforation and forming a depression (80) in the middle portion of the perforations. slots, the cam surfaces (116, 118, 119, 116 ', 118t) on the vial comprise an undulating surface oriented in the same axial direction as the surface or surfaces on the housing, and a detent means (122) is assured of ma The vial is moved to the vial (8) for selective axial displacement in one slot at a time and for selective rotation around the vial, in response to selective engagement with the cam surface (116, 118, 116 ', 118', 119). ) on the vial; the depression (80) on the cam surface of the housing cooperates with the securing means (122) to selectively retain the vial at a position of AMENDED SHEET extended needle, one of the slots (62, 66) serves to receive the securing means in response to an additional axial displacement of the vial and to allow the vial to retract to the retracted position. 13. The device according to claims 10, 11 and 12, characterized in that the cam means comprises cooperative means of ratchet and sear. The device according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the initial and subsequent displacements are made in the same axial direction (108). The syringe according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the vial has a first flange (90) for supporting the fingers and the housing has a second flange (24) for supporting the fingers, the first flange serves for the displacement to the second tab in the initial and subsequent displacements. 16. The syringe according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the means (122, 124, 52, 60, 62, 64) are in the retracted position to permanently and automatically lock the retracted vial. The device according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a plunger (8) is releasably secured in the chamber (86) of the vial to selectively displace the vial AMENDED LEAF towards the distal end and for forcing the fluid in the vial to pass through the needle (36), the positioning means for moving the plunger and the vial (8) to the retracted position, in response to unlocking, and lock the vial permanently in the retracted position. "~~ SUMMARIZED SHEET SUMMARY A molded thermoplastic housing having a cylindrical bore with axial grooves and inclined cam surfaces extending around the surface of the bore. A vial, made of molded plastic, to receive injectable fluid in a cavity, receives a plunger therein to dispense fluid and displace the vial. The vial has a ratchet member with fixed ratchet teeth and has tabs around its circumference, the tabs and the teeth form cam surfaces cooperating with the cam surfaces of the housing. The tabs are aligned for reciprocating movement in the perforation grooves of the housing. A ring is securely captured in the vial to rotate around the vial and for limited axial displacement along the longitudinal axis of the vial. A spring pushes the ring and the vial to the retracted position. The ring has tabs with cam surfaces to selectively engage the tabs and the cam surfaces of the tabs of the ratchet member, the ratchet teeth and the cam surfaces of the housing bore, to selectively position the vial and the needle attached thereto from a retracted position of the needle, enclosed by the bore of the housing, to an extended use position of the needle. needle, and to retract the needle and the vial into a permanent retracted position, in response to depressing the plunger and the vial or moving only the vial and the spring force over the annulus.