MXPA00001997A - Contaminant removal in a translating slug flow - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas is provided comprising the steps of:introducing a liquid into a fluid conduit, wherein the liquid is characterized by a first fluid flow rate and wherein the conduit is arranged to define a conduit periphery that completely encloses fluids within the conduit;introducing a carrier gas and a contaminant into the fluid conduit, wherein the carrier gas is characterized by a second fluid flow rate;arranging the fluid conduit to define an inclined conduit section and establishing the first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow rate such that a succession of moving slugs are created in the inclined conduit section of the fluid conduit;providing an outlet flow of a third fluid downstream of the succession of moving slugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas;providing an outlet flow of a fourth fluid downstream of the succession of moving slugs, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination ofthe liquid and at least a portion of the contaminant from the carrier gas;regenerating the fourth fluid by removing at least a portion of the contaminant therefrom;and introducing the fourth fluid with the liquid.

Description

REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS IN A TRANSFER FLOW OF FLOW BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system and method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas, and more particularly, to a pollutant removal system that uses a multi-phase flow that includes a series of plugs of transfer. Conventional gas purification systems remove gaseous or liquid impurities from a gas by the action of a liquid. Specifically, the contaminated gas comes into contact with the liquid and the impurities dissolve in the liquid, or are chemically reacted with the liquid, to remove the impurities from the gas. The purified gas is then returned to the atmosphere. These conventional systems have found utility in a number of contaminant removal environments. However, there is a continuous search in the field of gas cleaning to improve the removal efficiency of conventional systems, to improve their capacity of operation, and to reduce the s of manufacturing and operation, associated. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a high efficiency, high efficiency, and contaminant removal system that incorporates design that is economical in its manufacture and operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This need is met by the present invention, wherein a contaminant is removed from a carrier gas by entraining the contaminated carrier gas in a multi-phase flow including a series of transfer plugs. According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas, comprising the steps of: introducing a first fluid into a fluid conduit, wherein the first fluid is characterized by a first velocity of fluid flow; introducing a second fluid into the fluid conduit, wherein the second fluid is characterized by a second fluid flow rate, and wherein the second fluid comprises a contaminant and a carrier gas; Fix the fluid conduit and establishing the first flow velocity and the second fluid flow velocity such that a succession of plugs is created in, movement in the fluid conduit; and providing an outflow of a third fluid current below the succession of moving plugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas and a lower concentration of contaminant than the second fluid. The fluid conduit can be arranged to define an inclined duct section and moving dowels can be created in the inclined duct section. The inclined duct section can be tilted by an angle of less than about 15 ° or by an angle of about 2 °. Additionally, the fluid conduit can be arranged to define a conduit section, inclined downward. The first fluid flow velocity, the second fluid flow velocity, and the flow conduit arrangement can be established such that the flow of the plug is created in the sloped conduit section and any stratified flow or stratified flow is created. in the inclined duct section. The section of conduit declined can be declined in an angle less than about 15 ° or, specifically, at an angle of about 2 ° relative to the horizontal reference. The second fluid can be introduced such that it is characterized by a surface gas velocity of between about 6 m / s and about 30 m / s or that is characterized by a flow rate of about 15 to 75 times greater than the flow velocity of the gas. first fluid, or both. Specifically, depending on the diameter of the specific fluid conduit in use, the second fluid can be introduced such that it is characterized by a flow velocity of up to, or exceeding, approximately 75,000 scfm (35 m3 / s). The first fluid flow rate, the second fluid flow rate, and the arrangement of the conduit of the first fluid can be set such that the moving plugs are created in the conduit at a speed of about 5 to about 120 plugs per minute. The conduit is preferably arranged to define a circular cross-section and a periphery of conduit that completely encloses the fluids within the conduit. The method to remove a contaminant The carrier gas may additionally comprise the steps of: providing an outflow of a fourth fluid stream below the succession of moving plugs, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination of the first fluid and at least a portion of the second fluid; regenerate the fourth fluid by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from it; and introducing the fourth fluid with the first fluid the system can be used with any of a variety of contaminants, while providing an appropriate liquid as the first fluid. Preferably, the first fluid will be reacted with or will absorb the contaminant of interest. For example, where the absorbent liquid comprises water, or water and lime, the contaminant may contain sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide or chlorine. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas, which comprises the steps of: introducing a liquid into a fluid conduit, wherein the liquid is characterized by a first velocity of fluid flow and where the conduit is arranged to define a periphery of the duct that completely encloses the fluids inside the duct; introducing a carrier gas and a contaminant into the fluid conduit, wherein the carrier gas is characterized by a second fluid flow rate; arranging the fluid conduit to define an inclined conduit section and establishing the first fluid flow rate at the second fluid flow rate such that a succession of moving plugs in the inclined conduit section of the conduit is created. fluid; providing an outflow of a third fluid downstream of the succession of moving plugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas; providing an outflow of a fourth fluid downstream of the succession of moving plugs, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination of liquid and at least a portion of the contaminant from the carrier gas; regenerate the fourth fluid by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from it; and introduce the fourth fluid with the liquid. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a high efficiency and high pollutant removal system performance that uses a multi-phase flow that includes a series of transfer stops. Other objects of the present invention will be apparent in view of the description of the embodiment embodied herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where a similar structure is indicated with similar reference numerals and in which : Figures 1A-1G illustrate flow patterns within a multi-phase fluid within a tube; Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a method and apparatus for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas in accordance with the present invention; Figure 3 is a plot of deficiency of purification against the Gas / Liquid ratio for a contaminant input of 50 ppm of S02; Figure 4 is a graph of the purification efficiency against the Gas / Liquid ratio for a pollutant input of 100 ppm S02; Figure 5 is a plot of the purification efficiency against the Gas / Liquid ratio for a pollutant input of 500 ppm of S02; Figure 6 is a graph illustrating the effect of the frequency of the plug on the efficiency of the system; and Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the debugging efficiency against the Gas / Liquid ratios for a contaminant input of 500, 4500, and 8500 ppm of S02, with lime.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES Figures 1A-1G illustrate the typical flow patterns and flow anomalies observed in the multi-phase tube flow including a water layer 100 and a gas layer 140. At low flow rates of liquid and gas, see Figure 1A, the multi-phase flow is a stratified, smooth pattern. As the gas flow rate increases, see Figures IB and 1C, the interface between the water 100 and the gas 140 forms the probe 160. If the gas flow rate is further increased, the moving plugs of the liquid 180 will form in the flow and they completely fill a section of the tube and form intermittent gas gaps 200 between them, see Figure ID. If the gas flow rate is further increased, moving plugs 220 are formed in the flow regime, see Figure 1E. The characteristics of the plug flow include gas gaps 200 of increased length and entrainment of gas bubbles 240 in the face of plug 220. A further increase in the gas flow velocity creates a flow pattern identified as a pseudo flow. - Tarugo, see Figure ÍF. The pseudo-plugs 260 are similar to the plugs 220, but the mixing zone extends through the length of the plug allowing occasional gas blowing between the adjacent gas holes 200. For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention, it is to be understood that any reference herein to plug flow is proposed to cover the plug flow, see Figure 1E, and the pseudo-plug flow, see Figure IF. At even higher gas flow rates, annular flow is achieved, see Figure 1G. The annular flow exists when a less dense fluid, gas 140, flows in a core along the center of the tube while that the denser fluid, the water 100 flows as an annular ring around the gas and along the wall of the tube. U.S. Patent No. 5,708,211 issued to Jepson et al. on January 13, 1998, describes method and apparatus to determine if a plug flow is present inside a pipe. The portion of a plug, that is, a plug 220 or a pseudo-plug 260, in which gas bubbles 240 are dragged can be referred to as a mixing zone because the gas is dispersed within the liquid in this liquid. zone. In many cases, this mixing zone is highly turbulent. The turbulence of this mixed zone can be characterized by a dimensionless Froude number, Fr, and is defined herein by the following equation: equation (1) where Vt is the translation speed of the plug in the pipe, VL is the average speed of the film of the liquid in front of the plug, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height or thickness of the liquid film in front of the defined wedge, as the cross-sectional area of the liquid film divided by its width. Referring now to Figure 2, an apparatus and method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas are illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, a first fluid, for example 300 gallons (110 m3) of water at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, is placed in a 1.2 m3 stainless steel storage tank 10. The storage tank 10 is equipped with heating and cooling coils (not shown) to maintain a constant fluid temperature, typically room temperature. The fluid from the storage tank 10 is pumped to a PVC pipe 12 with an internal diameter of 10.16 cm by means of a pump 14, for example, a pump 14 of the continuous helical cavity type, of low shear stress of 76 HP , available from MOYNO Industrial Products, Springfield, Ohio. The liquid flow rate is controlled using the speed of the pump 14. A bypass line 28 provides an alternative passage of fluid around the pump 14. A carrier gas 16, e.g. carbon dioxide, is injected into a decontamination section 18 of line 12, after measuring the flow rate of the carrier gas using a gas flow meter 20, for example, the gas meter of flow Omega FL-8910 ™, available from Omega Engineering Inc., Stamford, Conn. In the illustrated mode, the flow meter has a range of 2 - 10 m / s; however, it is contemplated that, where the decontamination section 18 and the pipe 12 are selected to have larger cross-sectional flow areas, the maximum flow rate of the flow meter will necessarily be correspondingly greater. The carrier gas 16 carries a pollutant or polluting gas and enters the pipe 12 at atmospheric pressure. To improve the decontamination functions of the present invention, particularly where the contaminant in the carrier gas 16 is sulfur dioxide, lime is introduced into the liquid in line 12 at a point before the decontamination section 18. According to the method of the present invention, the first fluid, i.e. the liquid, it is introduced into the fluid conduit or pipe 12 at a first fluid flow velocity established by the pump 14, as indicated by the directional arrows 30. The second fluid, i.e., the contaminated carrier gas, is introduced into the conduit of fluid at a second fluid flow rate established by the flow meter 20, as indicated by the directional arrows 32. The fluid conduit 12 is arranged, and the first and second fluid flow velocities are established, such that an association of moving plugs is created in the decontamination section 18 of the fluid conduit 12. The mixing zones within the moving plugs causes the contaminant within the carrier gas to be transferred from the gas to the liquid. Accordingly, an outlet or dewatering line 26 of decontaminated gas downstream of the succession of moving plugs can be provided to vent a third fluid comprising the carrier gas and a significantly lower concentration of contaminant than the contaminated carrier gas provided via the flow meter 20. The pipe 12 directs the flow of fluid from the decontamination section 18 of return to storage tank 10 where water is recycled. According to one aspect of the present invention, the decontamination section 18 of the fluid conduit 12 is arranged to define a sloped conduit section 22 and the moving plugs are created in the inclined conduit section 22. In many cases, it is possible to form more turbulent and more frequent plugs in the decontamination section 18 by providing the sloped conduit section 22. In addition, the fluid conduit 12 can be arranged to define a conduit section 24, declined downstream from the conduit section 22, inclined. The first and second flow velocities can be set such that the moving plugs are created in the inclined conduit section 22 and in the conduit section 24, declined, or only in the conduit section 22, inclined with the stratified flow. in conduit section 24, inclined. Typically, the inclined conduit section 22 and the declined conduit section 22 are inclined at an angle of less than about 15 ° or more specifically, at an angle of about 2 °. In In general, an increasing angle of inclination increases the number of plugs that can be formed in the conduit section, inclined. Accordingly, if the length of the conduit is limited, it may be preferred to increase the angle of inclination to improve the efficiency of the device. It is contemplated by the present invention, however, that the respective conduit sections can be tilted or declined in any of a variety of angles to allow the creation of the moving pin flow of the present invention. As will be appreciated by those practicing the invention, the effective flow of moving plugs in the decontamination section 18 can be created with a variety of fluid conduit arrangements and a variety of specific fluid flow rates. A number of specific operative examples are illustrated herein by reference to specific values for the fluid conduit diameter, liquid velocity, gas velocity, plug frequency, gas / liquid ratio, gas quantity, amount of liquid , etc. These specific examples are presented for the purpose to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. According to a number of operative examples of the present invention, a series of decontamination runs were carried out in a Plexiglas test facility of 60 feet (18 meters) with a diameter of 4 inches, inclined at more than 2 ° using water / gas mixtures at liquid and gas surface velocities of 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 m / s and 2, 6 and 10 m / s, respectively. The gas consisted mainly of carbon dioxide (main carrier gas) at a pressure atmosphere, with the sulfur dioxide that is the contaminant. Since the results described herein are illustrative, the system and method for decontamination proved to be very effective in the purification of the sulfur dioxide from the carrier gas. At low input concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm of sulfur dioxide, the purification efficiency was 100% in all conditions studied. For 500 ppm, and high values of 4500 and 8500 ppm, traces ranging from 2 to 7 ppm of sulfur dioxide were noted at the end of the pipe sloped upwards. These values decreased to 2 up 3 ppm when the combined sections were used up and down. In general, the increase in Froude's number was the frequency of the plugs, or both, it was found to produce an improved decontamination. For all the cases studied, the addition of small amounts of lime (0.3 g / 1) to the first fluid, ie the water, resulted in the removal of all traces of sulfur dioxide from the carrier gas. Large volumes of gas can be handled by increasing the diameter of the tube and if necessary, the inclination of the fluid conduit 12 in the de-amination section 18. It is predicted that approximately 75,000 scfm (35 m 3 / s) of gas can be purified effectively by increasing the tube diameter to 48 inches. Operation at higher pressures also greatly increases the volume of the gas that can be processed. Referring now to Tables 1 and 2, the debugging performance of a decontamination system is illustrated. The decontamination section comprises two fluid passages of 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter and 20 meters in length. One of the 20-meter fluid conduits in the decontamination section was tilted 2 degrees and the second He leaned 2 degrees. For this system, the maximum gas velocity achievable to maintain the flow of plugs is approximately 10 m / s. At atmospheric pressure, there is a change in the flow regime from the plug to the annular flow above a flow velocity of 10 m / s. The results For the upward sloping section that uses water and water with lime are given in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 RESULTS OF THE DEPOSITION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN AN INCLINATION OF + 2 ° WITH CAL TABLE 2 PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY WITH CAL At the low liquid velocity of 0.4 m / s, the frequency of plugs decreased from a value of 17 plugs / minute at a gas velocity of 2 m / s to 5 plugs / minute at a gas velocity greater than 10 m / s . The frequency of plugs decreases because there is insufficient liquid in the decontamination section to maintain the frequency of plugs as the gas velocity increases.

The number of fraud of these plugs is relatively high, indicating that all plugs are very turbulent in nature and drag relatively large amounts of gas. With additional reference to Tables 1 and 2, where 50 and 100 ppm of sulfur dioxide are present in the carrier gas, all the contaminant is absorbed in the liquid. At contamination levels of 500 ppm of sulfur dioxide, only 2 to 4 ppm remain in the carrier gas at the end of the inclined section. For very high concentrations of sulfur dioxide, for example, 4500 and 8500, the system is still very effective with output values of 4 to 7 ppm that were noted. The effect of the frequency of the plugs in the performance is given in Figure 6. At higher input levels of sulfur dioxide, the increase in the frequency of plugs from 5 to 50 increases the efficiency from 96% to 100%. In the decontamination runs illustrated in Tables 1 and 2, lower exit contamination levels tend to occur at higher frequencies of plugs. However, as the surface velocity of the liquid increases from 0.4 m / s to 1 m / s, the frequency of the plug increases without a corresponding, significant decrease in exit contamination at the gas velocity of 2 m / s. This unusual result occurs due to the number of Froude and the characteristic turbulence of the moving blocks is less. Consequently, although there are more plugs present, there is no significant improvement in the performance of the system. In contrast, when the surface velocity of the gas increases to 6 m / s and 10 m / s, the Froude number increases and the purification is improved with 100% efficiency for an input of 500 ppm. Similar results are seen for the liquid surface velocity greater than 2 m / s. The graphs of the purification efficiency with gas and liquid flow velocity ratios are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 3 shows that, for a sulfur dioxide input of 50 ppm, the efficiency is 100% for gas / liquid ratio values up to 25 scfm / scfm. Figure 4 shows identical results for sulfur dioxide input of 100 ppm. At the entrance of 500 ppm, Figure 5 indicates that the efficiency is 100% at the lower gas / liquid ratios, but above from a ratio of 0.8, the efficiency decreases to 98% and then to 96% at a ratio of 25 scfm / scfm. Referring now to Table 3, contamination measurements are taken at the end of the bent and declined, combined portions of the decontamination sections of the fluid conduit. At the entrance of 500 ppm, the efficiency is 100%. Finally, at very high input quantities of 4500 and 850 ppm, only small traces, 1 to 2 ppm, of sulfur dioxide are found. These results are illustrated in Figure 7. Preferably, more dowels are generated in the declined section, increasing the total number of dowels in the system.

TABLE 3 PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY ON A COMBINED + 2 ° / -2 ° TILT When the system is running for a prolonged period of time, for example, for approximately 30 to 40 minutes, the water becomes saturated with sulfur dioxide. Therefore, it will be preferable to route the water to a regenerator and then recycle it back to the scrubber tank. You can add lime to the water to neutralize the dissolved sulfur dioxide. A number of experiments were carried out with small amounts of lime added to the water. The results given in Tables 1 and 2 show that the addition of lime removes the final traces of sulfur dioxide in all the conditions studied. For the system with a diameter of 4 inches (10 cm), the gas flow velocity corresponding to 10 m / s can be 172 scfm (0.08 m3 / sec) with water that has a minimum of about 7 scfm or 50 gpm (0.003 m3 / sec). Many cement kilns require gas handling in excess of 100,000 scfm (50 m3 / sec). It is contemplated that an increase in diameter in the tube, an increase in the inclination of the decontamination section, an increase in the present operation, and combinations thereof, which results in an increase in gas yield. Table 4 represents calculations of the gas processing capacity going down in the increased diameter of the pipe.

TABLE 4 GAS PROCESSING CAPACITY The increase in tube diameter has several benefits. As the diameter of the tube increases to 12, 24 or 48 inches (30, 60 or 120 cm.), The amount of gas handled increases by factors of 9, 36 and 144, respectively, at gas velocities of 6 and 10. m / s. A benefit The addition of larger diameters is that the transition from plug flow to annular flow occurs at higher gas velocities. Consequently, gas velocities of 20, 25 and 30 m / s can be achieved in tubes with a diameter of 12, 24 and 48 inches (30, 60 or 120 cm), respectively. Pin frequencies can be decreased at these speeds, but this can be overcome by increasing the system tilt angle from 2 to 15 degrees, or more. The amount of gas handled per liquid volume also increases with the increase in tube diameter. The approximate maximum quantities for the 12, 24 and 48 inch systems (30, 60 or 120 cm) are 3,100, 15,500 and 75,000 scfm (1.5, 7.25 and 35 m3 / s), respectively. The corresponding liquid flow rates are 460, 1,850 and 7,400 gpm (2.8, 11 and 45 m3 / s). This gives the gas to liquid equivalent ratios of 6.7, 8.4 and 10. Having described the invention in detail and with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications of variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (21)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas, comprising the steps of: providing a fluid conduit including a sloped conduit section, wherein the inclined conduit section comprises a substantially linear conduit that is inclined in relation to a horizontal reference; introducing a first fluid in the inclined, linear conduit section, wherein the first fluid is characterized by a first fluid flow rate; introducing a second fluid in the inclined, linear conduit section, wherein the second fluid is characterized by a second fluid flow rate, and wherein the second fluid comprises a contaminant and a carrier gas; arranging the fluid conduit and establishing the first fluid flow rate at the second fluid flow rate such that an association of moving plugs in the inclined, linear conduit section is created; and provide an outflow of a third fluid upstream of the association of moving plugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas and a lower concentration of contaminant than the second fluid. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the inclined conduit section is inclined at an angle of less than about 15 ° relative to a horizontal reference. 3. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the inclined conduit section is inclined at an angle of approximately 2 ° relative to a horizontal reference. 4. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged to define a line section, linearly inclined, upstream and a line section linearly declined, downstream. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 4, wherein the first fluid flow rate, the second fluid flow rate and the fluid conduit arrangement are set such that moving plugs are created in the section of duct, linear, inclined and section of conduit declined, linear. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 4, wherein the first fluid flow rate, the second fluid flow rate, and the fluid conduit arrangement are established such that plugs are created in movement in the conduit section, inclined, linear and such that a stratified flow is created in the conduit section, declined, linear. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 4, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged such that the inclined, linear conduit section is inclined at an angle of less than about 15 ° relative to a horizontal reference and such that the duct section, linearly inclined, is inclined at an angle of less than about 15 ° relative to the horizontal reference. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 4, wherein in the fluid conduit is arranged such that the inclined, linear conduit section is inclined at an angle of approximately 2 ° relative to a horizontal reference and such that the section of conduit, declined linear, is declined by an angle of approximately 2 ° relative to the horizontal reference. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is introduced such that it is characterized by a surface gas velocity of between about 6 m / s and about 30 m / s. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is introduced such that it is characterized by a flow velocity of approximately 15 to 75 times greater than the flow velocity of the first fluid. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is introduced such that it is characterized by a surface gas velocity of between about 6 m / s and about 30 m / s and a flow velocity of approximately 15 to 75 times greater than the flow velocity of the first fluid. 12. A method to remove a contaminant of a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged such that it is characterized by a conduit diameter greater than about 10 cm and wherein the second fluid is introduced such that it is characterized by a flow velocity of approximately from 1 to 75 times greater than the flow velocity of the first fluid. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is introduced such that it is characterized by a flow velocity of approximately 75,000 scfm (35m3 / s). A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the first fluid flow rate, the second fluid flow rate and the first fluid conduit arrangement establish such that plugs are created in movement in the conduit at a speed of about 5 to about 120 plugs per minute. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the conduit is arranged to define a circular, cross section. 16. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the conduit is arranged to define a periphery of the conduit that completely encloses the fluids within the conduit. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, further comprising the step of introducing a reactive component into the first fluid, wherein the reactive component tends to react with the contaminant. 18. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the reactive component comprises lime. 19. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: providing an outflow of a fourth fluid downstream of the succession of moving pins, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination of the first fluid and at least a portion of the second fluid contaminant; regenerate the fourth fluid by removing the minus a portion of contaminant thereof; and introduce the fourth fluid with the first fluid. 20. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas according to claim 1, wherein the contaminant is selected from a stream consisting of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and chlorine. 21. A method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas, comprising the steps of: introducing a liquid into a fluid conduit, wherein the liquid is characterized by a first fluid flow velocity and wherein the conduit is arranged to define a periphery of duct that completely encloses the fluids inside the duct; introducing a contaminated carrier gas into the fluid conduit, wherein the carrier gas is characterized by a second fluid flow rate; Fix the fluid conduit to define a conduit section, inclined, linear and set the first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow rate, such that a succession of moving plugs is created in the inclined, linear conduit section of the first conduit; providing an outlet flow and a third fluid downstream of the succession of moving plugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas; providing an "outflow" of a fourth fluid downstream of the succession of moving plugs, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination of liquid and at least a portion of the carrier gas pollutant, regenerating the fourth fluid by removing at least one portion of the same pollutant, and introduce the fourth fluid with the liquid. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A system and method for removing a contaminant from a carrier gas is provided which comprises the steps of: introducing a liquid into a fluid conduit, wherein the liquid is characterized by a first fluid flow velocity and in where the conduit is arranged to define a periphery of conduit that completely encloses fluids within the conduit; introducing a carrier gas and a contaminant into a fluid conduit; wherein the carrier gas is characterized by a second fluid flow rate; arranging the fluid conduit to define an inclined conduit section and establishing the first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow velocity such that a succession of moving plugs is created in the inclined conduit section of the fluid conduit; providing an outflow of a third fluid downstream of the succession of moving plugs, wherein the third fluid comprises the carrier gas; providing an outflow of a fourth fluid stream below the succession of moving plugs, wherein the fourth fluid comprises a combination of the liquid and at least a portion of the carrier gas contaminant; regenerate the fourth fluid by removing at least a portion of the contaminant from it; and introduce the fourth fluid with the liquid.