METHOD FOR - DRILLING WITH CONTROLLED HORIZONTAL DIRECTION OF ROCK FORMATIONS
CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATION This is a continuation in part of the Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 040,747, filed on February 5, 1997. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the drilling of the earth, and more particularly to a perforation with horizontal controlled direction. - BACKGROUND OF THE ART This invention relates to drilling systems with controlled direction. These systems are mainly applicable to drilling with controlled horizontal direction, and more specifically to the sounding of rock and earth formations. Fluid ducts of high volume and low pressure are provided within the trephine body for the purpose of lubricating the trephine and supporting the dredged material. The system of the present invention is designed for drilling with controlled horizontal or lateral direction, where it is necessary to probe or drill through a formation attached to the earth, such as a rock, and still remain dirigible. This industry, sometimes called "ditchless excavation", installs services around immovable objects, such as roads, rivers and / or lakes, etc. As shown in Figure 1, the conventional drilling technique traditionally operates from a drilling device or machine 10 which pushes and / or rotates a drill string 12 consisting of a series of drill pipes connected to a drill bit of dirigible piercing 14 to achieve an underground direction or trajectory, through which a conduit or service device may be installed. A probe 16 immediately follows the drilling bit 14 as if it were directed on or under the tubes 18. The probe 16 transmits the electronic location signals to a worker 20 by means of a complementary receiving device 22. As shown in Fig. 2 , traditional drilling methods include a drill body 30 and a drill blade 32 of some type which is usually concentric in design and which creates a cylindrical bore approximately the same diameter as the drill cutter 32. The methods and devices of the The prior art typically uses a high-velocity, high-pressure jet perforation to create maneuverability and cooling of the body 30 and the blade 32. The invention uses fluids for the purpose of lubricating and holding the dredged material, as is common in most of the drilling related to the oil region, and the fluids are not used as One way to maneuver the product by means of jet punching. A serious disadvantage of all pre-existing horizontal drilling systems is the inability to drill through the rock. Prior to the invention, it was accepted in the industry that most rock formations simply could not be drilled, since the rock is too hard. The system, however, has revolutionized thinking along those lines and drilling has been proven through each type of rock formations, including granite. In addition, the system has operational advantages when used to drill less difficult formations such as soil or sand. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The ground sounding system with direction controls to probe all land formations such as mud, sand, rock or any combination of the formations, uses a trephine body containing semi-floating and fixed cutting points, and one or more fluid channels for the purpose of lubricating or dispersing fractured and / or cut formations. In contrast to current drill bit devices or tools, the tilt-down method of fastening to the drill bit body helps create a random elliptical orbital motion that causes a high impact fracture action when used in conjunction with the impulse and rotation movement of the drill string. The system is directly related to the size and weight of all the parts of the drilling associated in conjunction with the sounding technique used. In other words, the exact upper limits of the capacities of this drill bit system are not known, due to the fact that new techniques or operating procedures are developed every day through the multiple formations. A concave channel within the body of the drilling bit is used to reduce the transverse density of the trephine surface during steering as well as to provide an alignment guide during the sounding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete understanding of the invention and its advantages will be apparent from the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the prior art environment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a detailed view of the trepan of the prior art and probe housing; Figure 3 is a side view of the system of the present invention in operation; Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the trepan and the probe housing of the present invention; Figure 5 is a top view of the trepan and the probe housing of the present invention; Figure 6 is a partially broken away side view of the trepan and the probe housing of the present invention; Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along lines 7-7 of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a perspective view of the trepan of the present invention; Figure 9 is a perspective view of the probe housing of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic view of the system of the present invention in operation; and Figure 11 is a graph of the system of the present invention in operation;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring initially to FIGS. 3 to 9, where similar numerals indicate corresponding and similar elements, the method of the present invention is a method of horizontally controlled rock drilling in rock 100 (FIG. 3). The method includes the step of having a specially shaped drilling bit 102 at one end of a drill string 104 rotate intermittently as it digs, stopping the rotation until the rock fractures, and then moving after the fracture in a intermittent orbital movement, random. Preferably the drill string 104 is rotated under pressure at a substantially constant rotational speed at the other end of the drill string by a conventional controlled direction drilling machine. A fluid (not shown) can be pumped into the drill string 104 and out of the drill bit 102 to lubricate the hole and disperse the cuts. In another aspect of the invention, the specially configured asymmetric drill bit 102 for drilling with controlled horizontal direction in rocks includes a trephine body 106 attached to an end 108 of a probe housing 110. As best shown in Figure 6 , the trephine body 106 is bent with respect to the probe housing 110, the - -
displacement of the angle from the collinear alignment, that is, in the order of approximately 15 degrees. The trephine body 106 is mounted with three end pins facing substantially forward 112 extending from the flat front face 114 (Figure 6). A plurality of substantially radially facing body bolts 116 extend from a cylindrical side surface 118. As best shown in Figure 5, the three forward facing end bolts 112 are bent slightly with respect to each other, the longitudinal axis of the middle end bolt 112 being coplanar with the drill string and the other two externally bent as shown. A plurality of bolts with a protective portion 120 extend from an intersecting edge 122 (FIG. 5) of the front face 114 and a concave direction face 124. The drill bit 102 has a concave direction channel 125 on one side of steering which is substantially laterally facing 124 of the drilling bit. The asymmetric drilling bit 102 and the probe housing 110 are joined by threaded fasteners 126 through unthreaded holes 128 in the trephine 102 and the threaded holes 130 in the probe housing 110. In another aspect of the invention, it is also provides a shearing stress structure between the drilling bit and the probe housing to lighten the fasteners 126 of substantially all of the shear load. The shear stress structure is provided in the bent mating faces 132, 134 between the drill bit and the probe housing (Figures 8 and 9), and includes a rim of the straight shear stress 136 and a matching slot 138 on the bent mating faces 132 and 134, respectively. The flange 136 and the groove 138 are longitudinally aligned with the bent mating faces 132, 134. Preferably the groove 138 is on the bent face of the probe housing 134 and the flange 136 is on the matching face of the drilling bit 136. In still another aspect of the invention, the probe housing 110 includes a cylindrical housing body 150 with walls 152 defining a longitudinal cavity 154. A cover 156 for the cavity 154 is secured to the body 150 by the descending fastening means for joining the cover to the housing body. In operation, the tool system of the ground sounding with controlled direction to probe all land formations such as mud, sand, rock and / or any type of combination of the formations, uses the trephine body that contains cutting points semi-floating and fixed, and one or more fluid channels for the purpose of lubricating and dispersing fractured and / or cut formations. As illustrated in Figure 10, the high-impact point fracture method of removing rock or dense formations also creates a high velocity orbital node while drilling less dense or softer formations. In Figure 10, the three consecutive positions 200, 202, 204 of the trephine 102 are illustrated, by way of example. The key feature of the invention is that the trephine 102 stops and starts as it digs and then fractures the rock, then jumps to a new position. As shown in figure 11, a rotational speed VR of the trephine (solid line) goes intermittently to zero, then jumps to a new speed and then returns to zero again, while the rotational speed VR of the drilling machine (dotted line) is relatively constant. The beveled cavity within the trephine design allows the trephine to be manipulated in all formations. The trephine body is attached to the drill bit body, which contains at least one or more fluid channels, by means of an interference connection that resists the transverse load. The asymmetric clamping method incorporates the resultant reactions from the drill rod and drill body derived from the input torque and impulse supplied by the drilling machine, to create a random elliptical pattern while probing, which also creates a hole larger than the concentric design of the trephine body would typically allow. The drilling of hard rock formations is defined as a fracturing process as opposed to cutting and fracturing operations as used in conventional earth drilling applications. It is known that soil drilling for horizontally controlled direction drilling can be a combination of cutting or fracturing and jet drilling. Jet-drilling methods employ a high-velocity, high-velocity fluid system for the specific purpose of making a slurry, or solution of soil formations and flowing these suspensions or solutions into adjoining formations or out of the borehole. The cutting or fracture systems use the fluids to lubricate the drilling tools, as well as to remove the dredged drill material. Rock formations do not cut or fracture well, and do not dissolve or contain ligation components that are easily disassociated with water solvents or hydraulic jet-drilling forces. No drilling bit or current processes combine the operational parameters of rock fracturing, and high displacements of angle included for the controlled direction in soft earth formations. The new asymmetric controlled drilling point for rocks and hard earth formations combines fracturing techniques of contact point for rock with a high angle of attack for a hard ground as well as for soft formations. The fracturing is carried out with the application of hard carbide points on the elliptical random torque vectors created as the asymmetric geometry of the eccentric rotational trajectories of trepan shapes by combining the impulse and rotation moments. Perforation of rocks such as shales that are typically considered to be compressed and extremely dense and dry clays also improves by the aggressively sharp geometry of the drilling bit. Asymmetric geometry improves the performance of the drilling support by multiplying the fracturing effect by influencing the main drilling points. As the drill bit rotates, the displacement drilling points fracture randomly and mesh as the central points of rotation and multiply the transverse moments from 3 to 8 times the actual transverse moments that can be produced in the same diameter in a symmetrically formed fixed diameter drilling bit. The size of the borehole is defined and controlled by stabilizing the cutting points forward on the rear cutting ring containing the replaceable, semi-permanent carbide buttons that will fracture the uneven surfaces and smoothly assist the bore hole as well as reduce wear abrasive on the trephine body. The direction of the hard earth and rock is carried out by a partial rotation sounding method. This method is applied by driving the trephine towards the face of the probe at a predefined rotational index position and rotating to a similar defined final rotation position and then withdrawing. The procedure is repeated as many times as necessary to form the probing hole in the desired amount in turn. Several test probes have been successfully completed where the "partial rotation probing" process has successfully navigated through hardboards, sandstone, light limestone, Austin chalk, and concrete with or without steel reinforcement. The direction in smooth surface formations is easy using the techniques of impulse direction without standard rotation as would be used with a flat blade trephine. The cut of the semi-elliptical channel towards the cutting direction ring guides the trephine to help maintain the trajectory parallel to the plane of the arc created when directing the trepan. This reduces the deviation of the vertical cross when the direction is pushed. The "direction channel" also reduces the frontal white surface area greater than 50% resulting in fewer opportunities for "accumulated formations". This improves the performance of the impulse direction as well as facilitates the ability of the dredge drill material to flow under the trepan when drilling straight. This trepan does not use jet drilling or directed fluid application to improve the performance of the drilling action. The drilling fluid is required to n the drilling bit and remove the dredged material from the drilling hole. The drilling bit will not generate high pressure during normal drilling applications. A single shear lightening structure is provided to reduce the loads on the fasteners used to hold the rock trepan to the probe housing. The shear stress lightening includes a longitudinally recessed groove, which has a rectangular cross section, and a high coupling pin on the rear side of the rock trephine. The spike substantially extends the total length of the rear side of the rock trephine, for the substantially complete clutch of the groove. In operation, the lightening of the shear stress removes substantially all the shear loads on the fasteners used to hold the rock trephine to the probe housing. The fasteners provide only clamping pressure, while the lightening of shear stress absorbs the enormous forces of shear applied to the rock trephine. Considering that the present invention has been described with respect to a specific embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various changes and modifications will be suggested to one skilled in the art, and this attempts to encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims. Attached