MXPA97008664A - Material for cobert - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention consists of a covering material having corrugations and carrying on one of its surfaces, hollow areas (3) in the convex part (10) of the corrugations (2) for the reinforcement of the woven fabrics.

Description

MATERIAL FOR COVERAGE The present invention relates to a covering material. This material can be a lightweight roof or it can also be used to make a low ceiling for a round roof with or without spikes of plate type tiles, whose type in France is given the nickname of "Marseille". The lower sections to the ceilings are known, that is to say, to the bajotechos, made of profiled materials, especially corrugated, and which present in certain cases, an alternation of waves and of zones of plates or planes. French patent FR-2 496 551 describes materials of this type. Such profiled material can also allow the construction of light roofs. In addition, corrugated bottom materials are more particularly intended for shingled tiles, that is, ribbed tiles. They present great qualities since they make waterproof, or the roof is waterproof, even if a tile is displaced or broken, thus guaranteeing a natural ventilation of the same. Thus the corrugated plates have also been used to make bajotechos for roofs of plate type tiles.

In order to be able to interconnect the tiles of the plate type, first of all it is necessary to fix strips on the underlay, and these strips are used for the hooking, that is the securing of the tiles. However, the fixing of the slats in the corrugated plates present certain drawbacks. In particular, the weight of the slats and tiles is supported almost entirely by the cusp of the undulations that have a tendency to deform. It weakens the bungle. In addition, the buckling deformation can compromise good ventilation of the roof and prevent the runoff of water, possibly infiltrated through a defective tile. For this reason, certain support and load distribution elements were designed, which are intended to be interspersed between the battens and the bajotecho, at certain intervals. In this respect, mention can be made of French Patent FR-2 658 848 which describes a support and load distribution element constituted by a tubular cross-member arranged in a concave corrugation of the lower part. Such an element allows perfectly distribute the loads and does not prevent the passage of ventilation air from the roof. On the other hand, the presence of the slats and of the supporting and distribution elements of the loads lengthens the time of the roofing and intervenes in a non-negligible way in its cost. They can also block, at least in part, the passage of air between the roof tiles and the roof, as well as the runoff of water. In addition, it is convenient to simplify the construction of tile roofs based on plates. Likewise, it has been necessary to make the profiled materials more rigid, either to be used as a roofing material or on the roof, to increase the roof's lifespan. This refers to the present invention to a covering or covering material that has corrugations and carries on one of its surfaces hollow areas in the convex part of the corrugations. These hollow zones allow the hooking of the. tiles in the form of plates directly on the material of the bajotecho. The presence of battens and support elements and load distribution is thus rendered useless. The wood economy for the frame is thus estimated at a level of 70% of the total cost. Preferably, the ratio between the amplitude of the undulations and their pitch will be between about 1/2 and 1/1. This covering material then presents deeper waves, which increases its resistance to warping and to the solids of the roofs where it is used, since it is as a direct bajotecho to make a light roof. These deep waves also allow a perfect drainage. The hollow areas are advantageously distributed according to lines basically perpendicular to the corrugations. For others, also on the surface of the material intended to receive the tiles, preferably the ridge is slightly crushed, that is to say, the cusp of the convex part of the undulations. This makes it possible to ensure an extended contact surface between the plate tiles and the cusp of the corrugations, thus avoiding any risk of buckling deformation and slippage of the tiles. Advantageously, the material has a rough surface state at the apex of the convex part of the corrugations. This helps to avoid the slippage of the tiles. To make the bottoms for corrugated tiles, the covering material advantageously presents an alternation of plate areas or flat and undulating areas. The flat areas allow for better securing of the current shingles or shingles when the shingles are removed.This material is intended more particularly for the realization of flat roof tiles. It is then a bajotecho that directly supports the flat roof tiles. The tang of each flat tile is received by a hollow area of material. Other advantages as objects and features of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description and which is presented in relation to the accompanying drawings which represent non-limiting examples of execution of the present invention and in which: Figure 1 is a view H in perspective of a covering material according to the invention. The Figure represents, in enlarged view, detail A of Figure 1. - Figure 3 is a top view on a covering material according to the invention. Figure 4 is a section along line IV-IV of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a section along line VV of Figure 3. Figure 6 is a partial sectional view of a roof made with a covering material. according to the invention and flat roof tiles, according to the slope of the roof. Figure 7 represents a schematic view of an example of a corrugator machine for corrugation of the covering material of the invention. Figure 8 is a partial sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the machine according to Figure 7, in a plane perpendicular to the undulations formed. Figure 9 is a schematic view of the assembly of an exemplary embodiment of the re-profiling machine of the covering material according to the invention. The common elements in the different Figures will be designated by the same reference. With reference to Figure 1, the cover material 1, has the shape of a corrugated plate. The profile of the plate is a regular undulation, basically sinusoidal. It could also present an alternation of waves and flat areas. In addition, the undulations, for example of the fret or V-type, could be different. The covering material illustrated in FIG. 1, more particularly, is intended for the realization of a floor tile for a roof of flat tiles. It carries on its surface destined to receive the tiles, hollow areas 3 that are arranged in the convex part of each corrugation 2 and which are distributed according to parallel lines between them and perpendicular to the corrugations 2. As illustrated in Figure 6, these hollow areas must allow the direct connection of the flat tiles on the corrugated plate 1. Thus it is chosen its depth to be able to receive and hold the spikes 7 of the tiles 6. Its bottom 9 is preferably flat. The high and low faces of these hollow areas advantageously are inclined in relation to the bottom 9. These inclinations advantageously remain symmetrical in relation to a plane perpendicular to the bottom of these zones. The distance between the hollow areas is adapted to the type of tiles used for roofing. The roofing is thus carried out in the following manner: The corrugated plates, like the plate 1, are fixed on the frame 4, in such a way that they cover themselves partially and that the corrugations 2 are located according to the slope of the roof. Any suitable fixing means 5 can be used in this case, and is preferably placed on the cusp of the undulations. The flat tiles 6 are then placed directly on the bottom formed by the corrugated plates, and the hollow areas 3 receive the dowels 7. The hollow areas prevent the sliding of the tiles, eliminating the slats. She also simplifies the work of the technician dedicated to coverage as they ensure a perfect alignment without having to resort to a cord. In addition, it can be said that the cusp 8 of the corrugations 2 is preferably somewhat flattened and the material 1 has a semitrazoidal profile, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. This profile reinforces the strength of the material according to the invention and offers a Wide contact surface between the flat tiles and the cusp or crest of the undulations. In particular it can be said that the material is not deformed when one walks over it, resists the weight of the tiles and perfectly supports the roof. To improve the engagement of the tiles on the material, the latter advantageously bears a rough surface state at the cusp 8 of the convex part 10 of the ugations 2. Advantageously, the relationship between the amplitude of the wave and the pitch is included. of the undulations between approximately 1/2 and 1/1. By way of comparison, it is indicated that the ratio between amplitude and pitch for a classical profiled material is 36/95, that is to say 1 / 2.6. The amplitude of the wave is thus for a determined step, superior to that of a classic ugated plate, of the type described in French Patent FR-2 496 551.

This also increases the resistance to warping of the plate. By way of example, when the amplitude / step ratio increases by approximately 5.5%, the inertia of the material increases by 15.5%.

In a material according to the invention, the amplitude of the wave will be, for example, 24 mm and the pitch of 49 mm, for a thickness comprised between 2 and 3 mm. A state of rough surface well adapted could be effected by embossing or embossing. Good results have been obtained with asperities of a few tenths of a millimeter in height with a base inscribed within a circle with a diameter between 0.1 and 0.9 mm on each side. These roughnesses are advantageously present in a number from 1 to 100 per cm 2 (10 ~ 4 m2). The covering material or cover 1 is thus more rigid, when it is used to make a light roof, with a surface finish adapted, or to form a bajotecho, that is to say for a roof of flat or corrugated tiles. The covering material according to the invention can be made, for example, of some cellulosic material impregnated with bitumen, a plastic material of the PVC type or also of steel. The plastic covering materials have better dimensional stability and improved moisture resistance. The cover material is advantageously manufactured with the aid of a corrugating machine which forms undulations from a re-profiling machine for the formation of hollow areas.

Referring to Figure 7, the machine for the cover corrugation according to the invention comprises a frame 101 in which corrugating bars 106 are mounted. The material for corrugation 110 comes from a system not shown in the figure. It is guided by appropriate elements 111 and 112 on the bars 113 of the dryer chain 114. It is generally constituted by a sheet of malleable material such as wet cardboard or felt. At the outlet of the corrugating machine, the shaped material is guided towards the inlet 115 of the drying tunnel 116. When it leaves the dryer, the shaped material is removed from the dryer bars. The direction of flow of the material on the dryer chain 114 is indicated by the arrow F. Two bearings 102 are mounted on the frame 101. Each of the bearings is traversed by an arrow 103 driven in rotation by a motor not shown in FIG. the figure. The arrows 102 are parallel and drive in rotation to an endless chain 105, by means of transmission members 145. The corrugating bars 106 are fixed on the chain by a support 107. They are mobile in translation with respect to the plane of the chain , as will be described in more detail in relation to Figure 8.

Preferably, the assembly consisting of the endless chain 105 and the corrugating bars 106 is fixed on an intermediate frame 108 which in turn is connected to the frame 101. The intermediate frame is slidably mounted on slides. This makes it possible to regulate the distance between the corrugating bars 106 and the bars 113 of the dryer. Below the dryer bars, the corrugating machine preferably carries another endless chain 117. It is driven in rotation by means of two arrows 118 supported by the bearings 119, fixed in the frame 101.

The arrows 118 are parallel to the arrows 102. Reinforcing bars 120 are fixed on the chain 117, parallel to the bars of the dryer. With reference to Figure 8, the sheet 110 of the material subjected to corrugation is supported by means of the frame of the dryer chain. It is transformed between the corrugating bars 106 and the bars 113. The material 121 leaving the corrugating machine presents the profile corresponding to the machine and according to the regulation of the corrugating bars. In the example illustrated in Figure 8, the corrugating machine carries, in alternating fashion, two corrugating bars 106 with its round section of a support rod or support 122. As will be seen later on, the support rods allow to form flat areas. The material 121 thus carries an alternation of two corrugations 123 and a flat area 124. The operation of the corrugation machine is as follows: The sheet 110 of material subjected to corrugation is provided in continuous and placed on the bars 113 of the dryer that pass also continuously on the dryer machine 114. A corrugating bar 106 is driven by the endless chain 105 in the part 142 of the chain 105 where it lies opposite to the plane of the support bars. The support 107 of the corrugating bar is now perpendicular to the plane of the bars 113 of the dryer. The corrugating bar is in high position and is not in contact with the material subjected to undulation. It is then positioned opposite a projection 140 of the cam, which rests on the element 132. Due to the rotation of the cam 135 about the axis 136, the projection 140 sinks the mobile element 127 of the mobile element 127 of the Support of the corrugating bar. The corrugating bar thus undergoes a translation at this moment, perpendicular to the plane of the endless chain and that of the support bars and is in a low position.

Displacement of the chain 105 of the corrugating bars and that of the chain 114 of the dryer are regulated one with respect to the other - in such a way that a corrugating bar is placed between two bars of the dryer. The movement of the box 130 compresses the elastic elements 134. Before the contact between the element 132 of the support of the corrugating bar and the projection 140 comes to an end due to the rotational movement of the cam 135, the bearings 132 enter the contact with the slide 137, the corrugating bar being driven by the endless chain 105 in the direction of passage of the material subjected to undulation. The corrugating bar 106 thus remains in the low position as long as the bearings 132 are in contact with the first region 138 of the slide, parallel to the plane of the bars 113 of the dryer. Next, the bearings 132 engage in the second zone 138 of the slide. At the exit of this second zone, the corrugating bar 106 is again located in the high position. The pressure in the element 132 relaxes as does the spring 134, previously compressed. The mobile element 127 thus undergoes a movement of translation that moves it away from the plane of the bars 113 of the dryer. The movement causes the rise of the corrugating bar that is detached from the dryer bars between which it penetrated. Then the corrugating bar is driven by the endless chain. The positions of the cam 135 and of the slide 137 are preferably selected in such a way that the corrugating bars 106 are held in contact with the material subjected to undulation as long as the chain 105 is parallel to the plane of the dryer bars. This makes it possible to easily conceal the corrugating bars whose support is perpendicular to the plane of the dryer, while holding for a sufficient time the corrugating bars in contact with the material subjected to undulation to form the profile in a stable manner and to reduce contractions or restrictions. . With reference to Figure 9, the re-profiling machine of the covering material according to the invention has a first frame 201, which supports the bars 102 that serve as shapes or molds for re-profiling a pre-corrugated material 203. The machine also comprises a second frame 204, in which a block 205 is mounted, which supports the bars 206 which serve as counter-shapes. The block 205 is slidably mounted on the slides fixed in the frame 204. This makes it possible to adjust the distance between the reprofiling bars 202 and the counter-shaped bars 206. The material is generally made of wet cardboard, felt or any other malleable material. The material is conveyed by means of a device, not shown in the Figure, to the support rods 207. The rods are preferably those of the dryer chain 208. This solution has the advantage of avoiding handling or handling of the materials 209 that come out in the wet condition of the re-profiling machine, before its entry into the dryer tunnel 210. This limits the risks of deterioration of the product and reduces the costs of the practical application. The materials are removed from the support bars 207 as they exit the dryer 210. The direction of material flow 209 on the dryer chain 208 is indicated by the arrow F. In general, each bar of each bar The reprofiling 202 is fixed by a support 214 on an endless chain 211, driven in rotation by two parallel arrows 212 by means of transmission members 248. The arrows are mounted on bearings 213 fixed to the frame 201. The reprofiling bars 202 are parallel to the arrows 212. The supports 214 are perpendicular, in the example shown, to the chain 211 and are mobile in translation with respect to the latter. Likewise, the counter-shaped bars are fixed by a support 215 on an endless chain 216, driven in rotation by two parallel arrows 217, by means of the transmission members 249. The arrows 217 are mounted on bearings 218 fixed to the frame 201. The counter-shaped bars 206 are parallel to the arrows 218. In the example shown there remain the supports 215. perpendicular to the chain 216 and are mobile in translation with respect to the latter. The reprofiling and counter-forming bars are, moreover, parallel to the bars 207 of the dryer. It must be emphasized that the profile of the material according to the invention allows a good ventilation of the roof, the steam can easily circulate here.

Claims (10)

1. Coating material that presents undulations and that carries on one of its surfaces, hollow areas in the convex part of the undulations for the reinforcement of the tiles.

2. The covering material, as claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the state of rough surface at the cusp is obtained by asperities whose height is between 1 and 9 tenths of a millimeter.

3. The covering material, as claimed in clause 2, characterized in that the asperities have a base inscribed in a circle whose diameter is between 0.1 and 0.9 mm.

4. The covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 2 and 3, characterized in that the asperities are present in a number from 1 to 100 per square centimeter.

5. The covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 1 to 4, characterized in that the relationship between the amplitude of the corrugations and their pitch is between approximately 1/2 and l / l.

6. The covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 1 to 5, characterized in that the hollow areas are distributed according to lines basically perpendicular to the corrugations.

7. The covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 1 to 6, characterized in that the cusp of the convex part of the corrugations is slightly flattened.

8. The covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 1 to 7, characterized in that it carries alternations of corrugations and flat areas.

9. An application of the covering material, as claimed in any of clauses 1 to 8, for the manufacture of flat roofs, forming a base that directly supports the flat roof tiles.

10. The application, as claimed in clause 9, characterized in that the spike of each flat tile is received by a hollow area in said material.