MXPA97002294A - Compacted units of ceme mixes - Google Patents

Abstract

An additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar comprising at least one mixing material in a compacted unit of selected quantity, the unit has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition. A process for preparing a cement mixture includes providing as ingredients i) at least one cement composition, ii) at least one mixing material and iii) a liquid, wherein the mixing material comprises at least one unit compacted that has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but that has sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within a moist mixing environment of the cement mixture, to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement mix, combine the ingredients i), ii), and iii) and mix in any order to dissolve or fragment the compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material in all other ingredients

Description

COMPACT UNITS OF CEMENT MIXES TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to mixing materials and a process for their introduction into cement, mortar or cement mortar. More particularly, the present invention is directed to an article comprising compacted units of mixing materials in pre-selected quantity and a process for introducing the article into a cement composition to modify or increase the properties of a resulting cement product.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As is known in the art, a mixture is a material other than hydraulic cement, water and aggregate that is used as an ingredient of the concrete or mortar and is added to aj. batch immediately before or during mixing. The mixtures are used to modify the properties of the concrete in such a way that they make it more suitable for a particular purpose or for economy. The mixtures are commercially available as solids or water soluble powders, requiring work from REF: 24363 mixed at the point of use, or plain liquids to be used aggregates to volume mixing stations. The successful use of the mixtures depends on the accuracy with which they are prepared and mixed. The means of measuring the weight or volumetric measurement of the ingredients for a mixture of either concrete or mortar and introducing them into the mixer. The amount of mixture added during the measurement must be carefully controlled. Inaccuracies in the amount of aggregate mix can significantly affect the properties and performance of the concrete being mixed and still frustrate the original purpose of including the mix. The need for accuracy in the measurement of the quantity of the solid or even the liquid mixture that is to be added to a mixture is particularly acute where only a relatively small amount of mixing is required for the job. The solid powder mixes are conventionally packaged and sold in bags, boxes and cylinders and convincingly, the mixture is added to the concrete mix by opening the container and emptying or discharging the mixture directly into a concrete mixer, or an apparatus similar during the concrete mixing operation. This task of intense labor is often dirty and may be inaccurate within a particular mixer truck and / or between different trucks. Accordingly, it is advantageous to have a method of dispersing the mixture, which is less intense, less dirty and more effective in dispersing or uniformly distributing the mixture throughout the cement composition mixture. U.S. Patent No. 4,961,790 of Smith et al. Describes a mixture of concrete powder or solid contained in a water soluble container, which is released by agitation in a wet mixer. The concrete is modified by the introduction of the pre-filled mixture contained in the water-soluble container and the agitation of the mixture. Water-soluble containers, or bags, are stored in water-insoluble receptacles before use. Smith et al. Notes that for solid powder mixtures, it is particularly bulky to weigh the required amount of solid mixes at the work site, because an additional weighing device or weighing device must always be kept at hand. Smith et al propose using pre-measured bags of concrete mix to minimize human error in the handling and pre-weighing of the solid mixture. U.S. Patent No. 5,203,629 to Valle et al, discloses a method for introducing a solid mixture contained in a paper container, in fresh concrete, and mixtures of fresh concrete in a batch type mixer to cause the Disintegrate and distribute the mixture in all fresh concrete. U.S. Patent No. 5,320,851 to DeMars et al discloses an encapsulated gelatin or wax container and a delivery system for semifluid or fluid concrete and cement mixtures. The encapsulated capsule of the semifluid mixture, fluid or perhaps solid, is intended to disintegrate or rupture when mechanically agitated and / or exposed to cement compositions. The descriptions of the Patents of the United States 4,961,790; 5,203,629; and 5,320,851 are incorporated herein as if they were fully written in the following. Although the patents mentioned in the foregoing describe attempts to overcome the difficulties involved in the handling, measurement and introduction of the free flowing fluid, the semi-fluid or solid mixture into cement compositions, several disadvantages remain with their proposed solutions. Each individual package, paper bag, or capsule must be weighed, filled and sealed individually. Care should be taken not to break the container before the introduction into the cement mixture. If premature rupture occurs, contamination and / or dust problems associated with conventional processing also occur. On the other hand, depending on the mixture of cement or composition, which is being mixed, it is possible that the containers can not break when they are introduced into the mixture, or they can break at the time of finishing the mixing and emptying of the mixture, resulting in the failure of the mixture to completely disperse between the cement composition. This results in the property, which was intended to be increased or modified, which is not obtained for the cement product, as well as resulting in localized weakening of the product in view of a concentration of mixture in the vicinity in the package of the mix unopened or partially dispersed. Other difficulties which are not resolved by the above patents, include the introduction of materials which are foreign to the processing of conventional concrete that is introduced into the cement mixture, such as paper bags (Valle et al) or soluble bags ( Smith et al) or wax capsules (DeMars et al). Also, the ease of handling is only partially resolved by these patents. For example, the multiple capsules of DeMars et al are not easily transported or balanced by a worker who climbs a ladder in a concrete mixer to the access gate. The storage of such capsules is also bulky and inconvenient in quantity. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cement mixing article of a preselected amount in compacted units for introduction into a cement composition, which avoids the dust and contamination problems associated with free flowing materials and it overcomes the need to use individual packages or containers for each dose of the mixture, which are susceptible to premature rupture, such as containers or containers that are formed of foreign materials for the intended cement product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the modification of the properties of a concrete, mortar or cement mortar, by the introduction of a mixture of a freshly prepared cement composition. The mixture may include at least air-entraining mixtures, air-flushed mixtures, acceleration mixtures, alkaline reactivity reducers, superplasticizers, pumping aids, water-reducing mixtures, corrosion inhibitors, permeability reducers, agents for cement mortar, gas formers, retardant mixtures, bonding mixtures, dyes, biocides, fibers, minerals and their mixtures. The freshly prepared cement composition, to which the mixture is introduced, is mixed for a sufficient time to cause the mixture to be uniformly dispersed throughout the freshly prepared concrete. The present invention provides an additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar comprising at least one material in admixture, wherein the mixture comprises a compacted unit of a selected amount of the mixing material, which has sufficient strength to maintain the structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation, within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the mixing material is a powder or lamellar mixing material for portland cement. In another preferred embodiment, the compacted unit contains inert filling material as a means to facilitate compaction or fragmentation of the material of the mixture. In yet another preferred embodiment, the mixing material is a liquid mixing material adsorbed onto a solid carrier, such as an inert filling material. In another embodiment, the unit is separable into structurally stable, selected fractions. An example of a cement composition capable of modification by the use of an additive according to the present invention is a low resistance, controlled material (CLSM). The present invention also includes an additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar prepared a) by providing a selected amount of the mixing material, and b) compacting the mixing material in a unit having structural stability to handle and store, but retaining sufficient solubility or friability to dissolve or fragment by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture. Such additives can be advantageously prepared by adding a liquid to a pre-measured amount of the powder or lamellar mixture before compaction. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixing material is compacted in combination with an inert filler material. In another preferred embodiment, a liquid mixture is adsorbed to a solid carrier prior to compaction. The additive according to the present invention can be compacted by molding, extrusion molding, pressing, tabletting or the like. The present invention also includes a process for preparing a cement mixture including: a) providing at least one cement composition and a liquid, b) at least partially mixing the cement composition and the liquid; c) introducing at least one mixing material to at least the partially mixed cement composition, wherein the mixing material comprises at least one compacted unit of a selected amount of the mixing material, which have sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of the cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture, and d) mixing at least partially the mixed cement composition and at least one compacted unit to dissolve or fragment at least one compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material throughout the cement composition. The present invention also includes a process for preparing a cement mixture, which includes a) providing as ingredients i) at least one cement composition ii) at least one mixing material and iii) a liquid; wherein the mixing material comprises at least one compacted unit of a selected amount of the mixing material, which has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but which has sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within of a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture; and b) combining the ingredients i), ii) and iii) and c) mixing the ingredients to dissolve or fragment at least one compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material in all of the ingredients i) and iii). It is generally possible to introduce the ingredients in any order as well as combining two or more ingredients before, during or after one or more mixing cycles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION DB THE INVENTION As used herein, the term "effective amount" of mixtures means an adequate amount of material per cubic meter of hardened concrete to impart the desired improvement in wet or dry concrete. Frequently, more than one unit of the mixing material is added to the cement composition that is processed in a commercial concrete mixer. As a result, the total amount of mixture must result "cumulatively" in an effective amount. When, according to the invention, the mixing material is added to a mixture of cement composition in a compacted unit, the same effective amount of the active mixing material is added, as would be added according to the pouring or pumped systems. conventional As used herein, the term "uniform dispersion" or "uniform distribution" means that the mixture is distributed in such a way that the desired property, ie air entrapment, retardation, acceleration, etc., can be observed or measured in Samples taken from the beginning, middle and end of the concrete mix. As used herein, the term "mixer-type concrete mixer" means any mixer suitable for thoroughly mixing the cement and aggregate to obtain a homogeneous mass and coating all the particles with the cement paste. The preferred concrete mixers are: (1) rotating the mixers, which consist of a rotating cylinder or a square box rotatable about its diagonal axis and usually provided with deflectors and blades to improve mixing; or (2) paddle mixers, which consist of a stationary box with movable paddles, which perform the mixing. Rotary mixers are more preferred for use in the present invention. The method of the present invention allows a selected amount of the mixture flake or powder to be added or supplied convenient, economical and accurately, as a compacted unit solid. Further according to the present invention, the material of conventional liquid mixture can be added or dispersed in a wet mixer unit as a compacted solid as detailed in the following. Some mixtures are used to modify the fluid properties of concrete, mortar and cement mortar cooked, while others are used to modify the concrete, mortar and cement mortar hardened. The various mixtures used in the present invention are materials that can be used in concrete, mortar or cement mortar for the following purposes: (1) to increase workability without increasing the water content or decreasing the water content at the same workability; (2) retard or accelerate the initial hardening time; (3) to reduce or prevent hardening of the finished material or to create its light expansion; (4) to modify the speed and / or capacity for the exudate; (5) to reduce the segregation of the constituent ingredients; (6) to improve the penetration and pumping capacity; (7) to reduce the speed of settlement loss; (8) to retard or reduce the evolution of heat during premature hardening; (9) to accelerate the speed of development of existence in the early stages; (10) to increase the resistance of the finished material (compression, tension or bending); (11) to increase the durability or resistance to severe atmospheric exposure conditions, including the application of deicing salts; (12) to decrease the capillary flow of water within the material; (13) to decrease the permeability of the material to liquids; (14) to control the expansion caused by the reaction of the alkali with certain aggregate constituents; (15) to produce cellular concrete; (16) to increase the bond of the concrete to the steel reinforcement elements; (17) to increase the bond between old and new concrete; (18) to improve the impact resistance and abrasion resistance of the finished materials; (19) to inhibit the corrosion of the intercalated metal; (20) to produce concrete or colored mortar; and (21) to introduce natural or synthetic fibers to reinforce the concrete. Concrete mixtures are classified by function, as follows: Accelerators are used to accelerate the hardening and development of premature concrete strength. Some of the common materials that can be used to achieve this function are calcium chloride, triethanolamine, sodium thiocyanate, calcium formate, calcium nitrite and calcium nitrate. Delay mixtures, or delayed hardening, are used to retard, delay, or decrease the rate of concrete hardening. They can be added to the concrete mix of the initial mix or sometimes after the hydration process has begun. The retarders are used to displace the acceleration effect of hot weather in the concrete hardening, or to delay the initial hardening of concrete or cement mortar, when difficult conditions of placement or problems of supplying to the job site occur, or to allow time for special finishing processes or to assist in the recovery of concrete left at the end of the work day. Most retarders also act as water reducers and can also be used to trap some air inside the concrete. The lignosulfonates, hydroxylated carboxylic acids, lignin.

Borax, gluconic acid, tartaric acid and other organic acids and their corresponding salts, phosphonates, certain carbohydrates and their mixtures can be used as retardant mixtures. Air releases are used to decrease the air content in the concrete mix. Tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, octyl alcohol, water-insoluble esters of carbonic acid and boric acid and silicones are some of the common materials that can be used to achieve this effect. Blends that entrain or trap air are used to intentionally trap microscopic air bubbles within the concrete. Air entrapment dramatically improves the durability of concrete exposed to moisture during freeze-thaw cycles. In addition, trapped air greatly improves the resistance of concrete to the formation of scale on the surface caused by chemical de-icers. Air entrapment also increases the workability of concrete :: resco while eliminating or reducing segregation and exudation. The materials used to achieve these desired effects can be selected from wood resin salts; (Vinsol resin); some synthetic detergents; salts of sulfonated lignin; salts of petroleum acids; salts of proteinaceous materials; fatty and resinous acids and their salts; alkylbenzene sulfonates; and salts of sulfonated hydrocarbons. Reducing the alkaline reactivity can reduce the expansion of the alkaline aggregate of these reducers, pozzolans (fly ash, fuming silica), blast furnace slag, lithium and barium salts and other agents that trap air are especially effective. Blended blends are usually added to Portland cement mixes to increase the bond strength between old and new concrete and include organic materials such as rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, styrene-butadiene copolymers, and others. powdered polymers. Mixtures for water reduction are used to reduce the amount of mixing water required to produce concrete from a certain settlement, to reduce the water-cement ratio, or to increase settlement. Typically, water reducers will reduce the water content of the concrete mix by approximately 5% to 10%. Superplasticizers are high-range water reducers, or water reduction mixtures. They are added to the concrete to form high settlement concrete and from this form they reduce the water-cement ratio. These mixtures produce greater water reduction or great flow capacity without causing the delay of undue hardening or entrapment of air in the mortar or concrete. Among the materials that can be used as superplasticizers are the sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates, certain organic acids, lignosulfonates and / or mixtures thereof. Natural and synthetic blends are used to color the concrete for aesthetic and safety reasons. These color mixtures are usually formed of pigments and include carbon black, iron oxide, phthalocyanine, dark ocher, chromium oxide, titanium oxide and cobalt blue. The corrosion inhibitors in the concrete serve to protect the reinforcement steel intercalated from corrosion, due to its highly alkaline nature. The highly alkaline nature of the concrete causes a passive, non-corrosive, protective oxide film to form on the steel. However, carbonation or the presence of chloride ions from deicers or seawater can destroy or penetrate the film and result in corrosion. Mixtures that chemically inhibit corrosion stop this corrosion reaction. The materials most commonly used to inhibit corrosion are calcium nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, certain phosphates or fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates, amines and related chemicals. Moisture-proof mixes reduce the permeability of concrete that has low cement contents, high water-cement ratios, or a deficiency of fines in the aggregate. These mixtures retard the penetration of moisture into dry concrete and include certain soaps, stearates and petroleum products. Cement mortar agents, such as air entraining mixtures, accelerators, retarders and agents for workability and non-shrinkage, cement mortar setting properties to achieve a desired result for specific applications. For example, portland cement mortars are used for a variety of different purposes, each of which may require a different agent to stabilize the foundations, bases for placing a machine, filling fractures and joints in concrete work, wells of oil with cement, fill cores of masonry walls and anchor bolts and tendons of pre-stressed cement mortar and fill the spaces in the pre-positioned aggregate concrete. Gas formers, or agents that form gas, are sometimes added to concrete and cement mortar in very small amounts to cause a slight expansion before hardening. The amount of expansion is dependent on the amount of material that forms the gas used and the temperature of the freshly prepared mixture. Aluminum powder, soap resin and vegetable or animal glue, saponin or hydrolyzed protein can be used as gas formers. Permeability reducers are used to reduce the rate at which water under pressure is transmitted through concrete. Fuming silica, fly ash, logs, natural pozzolans, water reducers and latex can be used to decrease the permeability of the concrete. Pozzolan is a silicon or silicon and aluminum material, which by itself has little or no cement value. However, in finely divided form in the presence of moisture, pozzolan will react chemically with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cement properties. Pump aids are added to concrete mixes to improve pumping capacity. These mixtures thicken the fluid concrete, ie increase its viscosity, to reduce the dehydration of the pulp, while it is under pump pressure. Among the materials used as auxiliary to the pumping in the concrete are the organic and synthetic polymers, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) or HEC exudate with dispersants, organic flocculants, organic paraffin emulsions, coal pitch, asphalt, acrylics, bentonite and pyrogenic silicas, natural pozzolans, fly ash and hydrated lime. The growth of bacteria and fungi in or on the hardened concrete can be partially controlled by the use of fungicide replenishers., germicides and insecticides. The most effective materials for these purposes are polyhalogenated phenols, dialdrine emulsions and copper compounds. Fresh concrete can sometimes be poor due to the lack of the proportions of the mixture or certain characteristics of the aggregate, such as particle shape and inadequate classification. Under these conditions, trapped air which acts as a lubricant, can be used as an agent that improves workability. Other workability agents are water reducers and certain finely divided mixtures. Finely divided mineral mixtures are powder materials in powdered form added to the concrete before or during the mixing process, to improve or change some of the plastic or hardened properties of cement concrete by land. Portland cement, as used commercially, means a hydraulic cement produced by spraying the clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, all usually containing one or more of the calcium sulfate forms as an intermixed addition with the types I, II, III, IV or V ASTM. Finely divided mineral mixtures can be classified according to their chemical or physical properties as: cement materials; pozzolans; puzona and cement materials; and nominally inert materials. Cement materials are materials that alone have hydraulic cementing properties and are placed and hardened in the presence of water. Included among the cement materials are granulated, ground blast furnace slag, natural cement, hydraulic hydrated lime and combinations of these and other materials. As discussed in the above, pozzolan is a silicon or aluminosilicon material that has little or no cement value but in the presence of water and in finely divided form, it will react chemically with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydration of portland cement to form materials with cement properties. Diatomaceous earth, opal flint, clays, incrustations, fly ash, fuming silica, volcanic tuffs and pumice are some of the known pozzolans. Certain blast furnace slag, granulated, ground and high calcium fly ash both with pozzolanic and cement properties. Nominally inert materials may also include finely divided crude quartz, dolomites, limestone, marble, granite and others. In the field of construction, many methods of concrete reinforcement have developed over the years. A modern method involves distributing fibers throughout the fresh concrete mix. By hardening, this concrete is referred to as fiber reinforced concrete. The fibers may be made of zirconium, steel, fiberglass, or synthetic materials, for example polypropylene, nylon, polyethylene, polyester, rayon, high strength aramid (ie "Kevlar.RTM.) Or mixtures thereof. present invention are synthetic fibers Mixtures of two or more mixtures are also contemplated by the present invention The present invention provides a means for introducing liquid or solid mixtures, eg powder or sheets, for concrete, mortar or cement mortar to A cement composition The cement composition may include a cement composition for the production of a concrete, mortar or cement mortar, but preferably it is a hydraulic cement and more preferably a portland cement Other potential ingredients for forming mixtures of cement composition include aggregates, sand, pozzolans, fly ash, fibers, plastic and the like. or, mainly water, is an ingredient of the cement composition mixture. The mixture according to one embodiment of the invention comprises powdered or lamellar materials which have been compressed or molded in any other way under pressure in a unit in generally cylindrical or briquette form. The particular shape of the unit is not critical, but advantageously it is in a form which is capable of being packaged in a minimum volume to optimize storage considerations. Such an advantageous form is a cube or a rectangular polygon. For mixing materials which are too "dry" to form structurally stable compacts, it may be advantageous to add a liquid, such as (poly) ethylene glycol or (poly) propylene glycol, a liquid binder, and / or preferably water, to a pre-measured amount of powder or mixture of lamellae, in an amount which is sufficient to moisten and thus provide adhesion of the mixing material under pressure, but does not result in the dissolution of the mixing or fragmentation material of the compacted unit before the introduction into the environment of the wet cement composition mixture. Such binders, which are a means to maintain the structural stability of the blending materials, include but are not limited to celluloses, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and ethylcellulose, starches including pregelatinized starch, dextrin, highdextrin, natural gums, polyvinyl alcohols. , polyvinyl acetates, (poly) ethylene glycols, (poly) propylenes, such clays bentonite clays, sugars such as liquid glucose, gelatin, guar gum, acacia gum, alginic acid, alginates such as sodium alginate, magnesium aluminum silicate, crosslinked polyacrylates such as Carbomer, polyvinyl pyrrolidones such as povidone and Zein. It is preferable to add inert filler materials to the mixing materials for compaction to i) make individual units structurally stable physically for physical planning and storage, and / or ii) facilitate rapid breakdown by dissolution and / or fragmentation of the unit. it is added to a mixture of cement (wet) composition (for example cement, aggregate, water, etc.) which is going to be mechanically mixed or stirred. This »characteristics are obtained by balancing the percentage of addition of the inert filler material and. the compaction pressure, to provide a unit of material of mixture of desired physical integrity and stability and of desired solubility, friability or fragmentability. The filler material, therefore, is included as a means to maintain structural stability as well as a means to facilitate dissolution and fragmentation of the mixing material. Examples of suitable fillers include sand silica, fuming silica, other natural or synthetic silica based materials, Micro-Cell E silica (Celite Corp.), silicates, calcium aluminosilicate, aluminosilicates, clays, alumina, Alundum aluminosilicates. (Norton), zeolites, ceramic spheres, fly ash, calcium carbonate (limestone powder), finely divided or powdered plastic, calcium sulfate, compressible sugar, confectionery sugar, dextrose, dextrin, dextrose, calcium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, kaolin, lactose, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, mannitol, cellulose polymethacrylate, potassium chloride, powdered cellulose, starch, talc or tribasic calcium phosphate. Known methods of compaction of powder or solid materials in lamellae can be used to produce the compacted mixing material units. Examples of such methods include extrusion molding of the mixing, pressing, stamping or tabletting and molding material, such as by melting and casting in a shaped mold, with or without an aggregate binder or filler. This latter molding technique can be used in the presence of a binder, but without compaction to produce a unitized mixing article. Agents have been used to prevent solidification, anti-solidification. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, fumed silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, talc, tribasic calcium phosphate, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, and bentonite. Sliders may also be useful in forming the compacted units of the present invention. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium trisilicate, powdered cellulose, starch, talc, and tribasic calcium phosphate. It can be advantageous to use lubricants in the formation of the compacted units. Suitable lubricants include, but are not limited to, calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, light mineral oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearyl fumarate. of sodium, stearic acid, talc and zinc stearate. Where it is desired to accelerate the disintegration of the materials of the compacted mixture of the present invention.

A disintegrant can be added to the mixture before compaction. Broadly, there are two types of disintegrants which can be useful: i) materials that expand by contact with water - the expansion of these materials by contact with water creates tension on the compacted unit, so it helps your breach; and ii) materials which generate gas, i.e. gas release agents, when brought into contact with water at the appropriate pH - the release of gas aids in the breaking of the compacted unit. Any of the materials which expand by contact with water can be used, provided they do not adversely affect the cement mixture. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to alginic acid and its mixtures, such as sodium alginate, calcium or sodium carboxymethylcellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, Croscarmellose sodium, guar gum, magnesium aluminum silicate, methylcellulose, cellulose microcrystalline, starch, bentonite and superabsorbent polymers such as cross-linked poly (vinylpyrrolidone), for example CrosPovidone, crosslinked polyacrylic acid or polyacrylate copolymers, maleic anhydride, cellulosic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and similar materials.

Suitable gas release agents include oxygen release agents such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, organic peroxides, sodium perborate, hydrous and sodium percarbonate; hydrogen release agents such as sodium borohydride, aluminum powder, lithium aluminum hydride and calcium hydride; and effervescent systems, for example those that release carbon dioxide as the product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate. Useful materials as the source of the acid include, but are not limited to, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, acid anhydrides such as sodium diacid phosphate, disodium diacid pyrophosphate and sodium bisulfite. Carbonate sources include, but are not limited to, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and sodium glycyl carbonate. In another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid mixture materials are processed in solid compacted units by adsorbing the liquid mixing materials in carriers. The carriers can advantageously be inert filler materials described in the foregoing. The carriers are contacted by the liquid and preferably at least partially dry mixing materials, such as by air drying, before compacting the mixture containing the carriers. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the soluble, solid mixing materials are dissolved in a suitable liquid solvent, such as water and the resulting solution is impregnated or adsorbed on the carriers by contact of the carrier with the solution and preferably by at least partially dry before compacting the mixture containing the carriers. The carriers can advantageously be the inert filler materials described in the above. Similarly, the insoluble solid mixture can be suspended in a liquid and the carrier in contact with the suspension to form a coated carrier prior to compaction. The units of blending material according to the present invention are sized to deliver a selected amount of the pre-measured active mixing material to a desired or standardized volume of the cement composition mixture. The mixture can be added to the cement mixture in a discontinuous type concrete mixer in a central mixing plant, where the "conventional mixing materials must be weighed", measured and emptied, or as advantageously allowed by the present invention, they can be added directly to a batch-type concrete mixer truck or a ready mix truck at the job site. Unlike conventional mixing materials, adding the compacted units of the mixing material in the work place does not require the heavy and emptying, in such a way that dust, spillage and contamination are avoided. It is within the scope of the invention to use multiple units for a given volume of cement composition mixture. Further it is within the scope of the present invention, for the mixing material to be compacted into a unit, which can be cut, such as by providing perforations of the compacted unit or the like, to provide structurally stable fractions, selected for smaller volumes. of the cement composition mixture, or to provide supplemental doses of the mixture, which may be required due to the passage of time from the initial introduction and decrease of the desired effect. This advantage can not be obtained by the packed mixture described in Smith et al, Valle et al, particularly in DeMars et al, in which the breakage of the package must cause the spillage of any unused solid or liquid mixture and potentially cause contamination. For practical considerations, the size of the unit is preferably small, to provide the most efficient packaging of the units in terms of units per box, or other container. A small size is preferable for workability in a work place, for example several small units that are capable of being transported in the worker's pocket, while the worker climbs a ladder in a batch-type concrete mixer (truck) for Supply the unit or units in the mixer. A preferred size of the invention would be sufficient to supply the active mixing material for at least one to two cubic meters of the cement composition mixture per unit. If a cutting unit is used, it can be advantageously sized to provide sufficient active mixing material for at least four cubic meters of the cement composition mixture and can be cut into two or more selected, structurally stable fractions. As an example of the desirability of introducing the mixture into the work site, for the low-resistance, controlled material (CLSM), the initial mixture of the cement composition mix in a truck ready to mix can typically be 4 to 6 cubic meters. When the mixture that draws air is added to the mixture, it expands in volume with the generation of 20-35% air, from 8 to 10 cubic meters. If required, the full load, with air, may be added to the central mixing plant, it may be necessary to be transported by the truck to the work site. The present invention allows a smaller volume to be transported, with volume expansion due to air entrapment that is performed at the work site without requiring equipment to measure and deliver a bulky mixture to be transported from one site to another site . For ease of handling and storage, the compacted units of mixing material must be a little resistant to moisture. Such moisture resistance can be imparted by the use of a binder in the form of a compacted unit, preferably one which breaks at a pH experienced by the unit in the wet cement composition mixture, ie, pH 11. and superior. For situations where the compacted units must be stored in a substantially water-free environment, the units can be stored individually, but preferably as a group, in a sealable plastic bag such as the Zip-Loc bag. Any container insoluble in water, however, is suitable for such storage, while. that is impermeable to water and is not degradable with water. In one embodiment of the invention, the compacted unit is coated with a material that is at least partially insoluble in water. The coating of the unit compacted with a material, which is substantially insoluble in water, such as celluloses, clays, partially hydrolyzed starches, latex, polyvinyl alcohols, polystyrenes, polyurethanes and the like, increases the storage capacities of the compacted unit in a humid environment, or in any other way could protect the hydroscopic mixing material. Such a water-insoluble coating should, however, be capable of breaking or dissolving at high pH, agitated mixing environment of the cement composition and is preferably thin, in the order of about 0.0025 cm-0.025 cm (from about 1- 10 thousandths of an inch). Also, the material should not be harmful to the properties desired for the final product. The coating can be selected to protect the compacted unit and / or protect the user from an "unfriendly" material. A cement mixture can be prepared according to the present invention, providing at least one cement composition, such as hydraulic cement and preferably portland cement and a liquid such as water, at least partially mixing the cement composition and the cement. liquid, introducing at least one compacted unit of mixing material into at least the partially mixed cement composition and mixing the resulting combination to dissolve and / or fragment the unit, to disperse the mixing material throughout the cement composition. Other materials, such as the ingredients set forth above include aggregate, sand, fiber reinforcement and the like, can be added to the mixture at an appropriate time. In another embodiment, the ingredients i) at least one cement composition, ii) at least one compacted unit of mixing material, and iii) a liquid, can be combined in any order, before, during or after a mixing cycle and then mixing to dissolve and / or fragment the compacted unit, and / or substantially disperse the mixing material in all other ingredients to form a cement mixing composition.

EXAMPLES The compacted, strong units of mixing material, which have structural integrity for handling and storage, but which retain solubility or friability to dissolve and / or fragment by mechanical agitation or mixing were prepared from the mixing materials to demonstrate the invention.

Example A The mixing material, linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Witconate LX, obtained from Witco Chemical, New York, New York) is compacted in a physical unit using a Blaine Cell and the plunger. 3.0 grams of dodecylbenzenesulfonate are compacted in the cell using strong pressure with the finger. The compact material in a small, strong cylinder.

Example B The compaction of the powder of the mixing material is evaluated using various materials, with and without the addition of the inert filler material. The powders of the mixture and the fillers (if any) were premixed prior to compaction by agitation in a closed vessel. The compaction process used a Blaine Cell and Penetrometro to apply known compression loads. The Blaine Cell fills with dust and is struck to consolidate the material. The plunger is inserted and the load is applied using tip number 2 on the Penetrometer. The diameter of the plunger was 1.26 cm, providing a compacted unit, or pellet having a surface area of 3.17 cm3.

The compaction loads to the Penetrometer described in this specification are related to Mega Pascals (MPa) according to the following Table A.

TABLE TABLE! r? UDA? Táfl? N Example No Material Physical Form Weight Loss Type and Level Pressure Characteristics Compactaapop (Kg) Deionization of the tablet B-l D € dedbencensutfonato la niHiceroía grande 3.0 g 81.7 Flour of Si to 10% strong, cftndfDestaoie B-2 Afaole Wariaío pdvoigenmente waxy 3.0 g 4S.4 stable, not waxy (Bio-Tergc? S-9QB) 8-3 Linear cubic acid? Miii ^ small 3.0 g Si.7 If smoked at 10% stable, strong, dark gps (Nacucol 909) W Atfaoieínsutfonato Itgerarnente waxy powder 3.0: 81.7 stable, not waxy (Bio-Tcrgc AS-90B) Table I describes the mixing materials, which were tested according to this procedure, including the physical form before compaction, the loose weight, the compaction pressure used, the level of filler material used, if any, and the characteristics of the pills, which were produced. The mixing materials of Examples B-2 to B-4 were obtained from Stepan Chemical Co. (Northfield, Illinois).

Example C An estimate of the size of the compacted pellet required to introduce 90 grams of alpha olefin sulfate powder (Bio-Terge AS-90B) by 0.765 cubic meters of cement mixture was made. The compacted pellet was made according to the procedure of Example B-2, except that the pellet was compressed at 81.7 kg of pressure. 3 grams of loose weight blend material formed a tablet of 1.26 cm in diameter by 2.06 cm in length or 2.58 cubic centimeters. The density compacted was 1,163 grams per cubic centimeter. For a compacted unit of 90 grams that is 2.54 cm in diameter, 77,386 cubic centimeters could be required. The cylindrical unit of 2.54 cm in diameter at a compaction pressure greater than 6.21 MPa (Penetrometer-81.7 kg), was calculated to require a unit that has a height of 15.27 cm. The study was carried out of the size requirements of the compacted unit for a representative mixing material, alpha-olefin sulfonate powder Bio-Terge AS90B, with and without fine silica and sand filler, at various compaction loads , the active weight requirements and the cylindrical unit diameters. These are reported in Table II, together with the height of the cylindrical compacted unit required for the active weight and cylinder diameters mentioned for the units of compacted mixture material obtained.

TABLE II C SIZE LESSONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CYLINDRICAL UNIT OR TABLE II (continued) SIZE CALCULATIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CYLINDRICAL UNIT * > TABLE II (continued) SIZE CALCULATIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CYLINDRICAL UNIT «a.

TABLE II (continued) SIZE CALCULATIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CYLINDRICAL UNIT Although the size of the compacted units for a specific mixing material is included for exemplification purposes, the size of the compacted units of other mixing materials is not limited to these sizes. The only critical descriptions about the size of the compacted units are the doses of active material needed to impart the desired property for a given amount of the cement composition mixture, the amount of inert filler material desired to impart structural stability and solubility. / fragmentability and the range of compaction pressures useful to form a stable compact, still soluble / friable.

Example D The dose response of the liquid mixture, powder and unit powder compacted samples were evaluated to produce a mortar ready for the high air content mixture known as low resistance, controlled material (CLSM). The cement composition mixture was prepared using a high fly ash content and the mixing material was prepared in a dose equivalent to 88.7 ml and 177.4 ml as discussed below, corrected for activity. In addition, the effective mixing time used by the liquid and powder mix materials in a concrete mix was evaluated at 5 minutes and 8 minutes. The material in the compacted or bar mix is evaluated at a mixing time of 12 and 17 minutes, to allow the pelleting and dissolution of the pellet. With reference to Table III, the identified mixture material compositions were used for this de-screening purposes. Table III indicates the percent activity of the blend material and the adjusted amount of grams needed to provide an equivalent for 88.7 ml and 177.4 ml respectively of the commercial liquid blend material (Coca ide DEA). It also describes the dose of material to be used in the design of the mixture, including the percent of active by 45.4 kg of cement and grams per cubic meter, as well as the grams of active per 79.4 kg of mixture, being equivalent to 88.7 mi and 177.4 mi of the comparative mixing material, above.

TABLE III MIX Numbers of materials plow adjusted adjusted grams gjfirjQLQls of Mix% Active for 88.7 mL for 177.4 mL D1. D3 Cocamida DEEA 95.0 5.46 10.92 (liquid) D2. D4 AS-90B - Sulphonate 89.0 5.83 1 1.65 sv Alpha-Olefin (powder) D5 AS-90B - Alpha-Olefin 89.0 5.83 11 65 (compacted unit) DOSE OF MATERIAL Percent by Weight Grams / active mixture mL Active Cement tia¿ (79.4 K?) 88. 7 .099 118 5.19 177.4 .198 235 10.37 Table IV describes the design of the cement composition mixture used for the test according to Example D, which describes the ingredients, amounts in kilograms per cubic meter with volume and percent by weight as well as the amounts in a mixture of 79.4 kg and its corresponding volume. In Example D-5 a compacted bar of the mixing material of Example D-2 is prepared in such a way that the size of the bar containing the powder and the inert filling material were such that two tablets could supply the same dose as the equivalents of 88.7 ml and were compacted to 81.7 kg (Penetrometer), 2.92 grams of alpha-olefin sulfonate and 0.58 grams of silica flour were used for the test. All the materials of the mixture of the cement composition were batch-mixed for one minute, each mixture being carried out with the same water content. The liquid, powder and compacted mixing materials are then added, they are mixed for an additional 4 minutes (11 additional for each compacted unit) and tested. No adjustment was made for performance. The mixture containing the mixture is then mixed for an additional 3 minutes (5 for the compacted unit) and tested for entrapment of air. The results of the tests and the test are listed in Table V. The percent in air in this and the following examples were measured by a type B pressure gauge ASTM C231. Tests show that the compacted units of the mixed material can provide equivalent properties as a liquid and powder mixture *. In Example D-5, it was determined that the particular filler material used, silica flour, was too fine and the compaction pressure of more than 6.21 MPa was too high, to provide equivalent performance at equal mixing times. Adjustment of the type of filler and compaction pressure, then showed that it produces a compacted unit that is less hard and therefore more easily fragmented and dissolved to reduce the mixing time required for the cement composition mixture.

TABLE IV DESIGN OF THE MIXTURE Gravity Composition of Specific Cement Kg / mJ olum n (rp3)% in Weight 79.4 Ka de fa Mce a fKql Volume (m3) Type I of As grove 3.15 29.7 .0072 1.649 1.31 .0004 or Volatile Ash F 2.42 89.0 .0281 4.946 3.93 .0016 Arena 2.60 1483.2 .4363 82.427 65.43 .0252 1799.5 0.6227 100.00 79.38 .0359 TABLE V ? i All mixtures are tested with the same water contents Mixture added to 1 to the wet mixture * Samples of the mixture in granules were mixed for 12 and 17 minutes As a point of comparison, the liquid blend material of Examples DI and D3 were conventionally supplied in a mixture of cement composition in a capsule as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,320,851. For the purposes of the test described in the foregoing, the mixing material is supplied directly to the mixture, without an external capsule. If the capsule has been used to supply the mixture for Examples DI and D3, then the additional mixing time could also have been required to break the capsule and disperse the mixture.

Example B One unit of the air entrapment mixture dose, equivalent to 88.7 ml of cocamide DEA, is added to a mixture of low resistance, controlled material (CLSM) containing Ashgrove Type I cement. The mixtures were identified as follows: Alpha-olefin sulfonate powder AS-90B Bio-Terge. E-2 Compact E-l powder containing 30% by weight of sand silica filler material at 2.14 MPa. ? -3 Coca-liquid DEA surfactant (capsule re-ira).

The water content of the mixture is kept constant for each mixture with each mixing material that is added after one minute in the mixing, to the wet mixture. The air content was measured by a pressure gauge of type B of ASTM C231 and gravimetrically and settling was determined after 5 and 8 minutes of mixing. The results of the test are shown in Table VI.

TABLE VI Although the air content achieved in E-3 with less mixing than E-2 compacted, under these test conditions E-3 had a favorable deviation in that it was added directly to the mixture. This eliminated the breaking of the capsule and gradual release of the viscous surfactant from the time necessary to generate air. The powder surfactant E-1 achieved higher air content values than the liquid for the same amount of mixing. It was therefore projected that with continuous mixing, the compacted unit E-2 will generate air content values at least equivalent to those generated by E-1 and thus exceed the values for E-3.

Element P The effect of the mixing time on mixtures of the cement composition containing a powder air entrapment mixture and in compacted form was evaluated. The design of the mixture generated was as follows: Ingredient Kg / ml Cement 178 Sand 1324 Water 184 Mixture (88.7 ml equivalents) Mixtures are added at 1 minute to the wet mixture. The test is done at 5 minutes and then 3 at intervals of one minute. The mixture of alpha olefin sulphonate AS90B Bio-Terge is prepared as follows. % of Material Compaction Box E ng Filling No. of Penetro etro (Kg) F-l 0 27.22 P-2 20 27.22 F-3 20 36.29 F-4 0 None The results of the tests are listed in Table VII, in which the generation of percent air (gravimetric) is shown against the mixing time for low and medium compacted units against dust. It can be seen that with only one mixing time increased 3 minutes, the mixture compacted at low pressure reached the level of air generation as the equivalent amount of the powder.

Example G The test is carried out to determine the amount of air present with the mixture time d < cement composition treated with a mixture. The surfactant of the mixture of Example F is added in equivalent dose to the following mixtures of cement composition as a powder and as a compacted unit. The compactac.a unit is prepared with 30% sand silica at 27.22 kg of Penetrometer pressure (2.14 MPa). The general mix design was as follows: Ingredient Kg / m Cement 178 Sand 1324 1 Water 184 TAB V EFFECT OF THE TIME OF COMPACTED MEZCU AGAINST POWDER The percent content of water remained constant for these mixtures as they were tested. The mixtures are added at 1 minute to the wet mixture. The mixture is tested at 5 and 8 minutes at regular mixing speed and then at 15 minute intervals at low mixing speed, to demonstrate air loss in a discontinuous type concrete mixer truck over a period of time. The results of the test show that the low pressure, the filler material containing the compacted unit achieved substantially the same air content in the cement mixture as the powder air entraining mixture material. With respect to the above examples of air entrapment, the additional ingredients for the cement composition mixture, namely fly ash and / or sand, were of the same type and quality within each example. It should be noted that the presence, type and quality of fly ash can influence air generation and loss, hardening time and compressive strength. Quality sand can also affect the demand for air and water content, influencing the hardening time and performance to compression resistance.

Example H The compacted powder units of the air entrapment mixture of Example F were prepared to evaluate the effects of the level of filler and compaction load during the time required for complete dissolution of the sample. The three compaction loads and the three levels of filler material are shown in the following. The samples from the unit are placed in beakers containing 300 ml of tap water at 21 ° C and are mechanically stirred at low speed. The use of a multiple position magnetic stirring plate allowed 5 samples to be evaluated at the same time under identical conditions. The time required for the total dissolution of the sample was recorded. It should be noted that this test provides a relative comparison of solubility only, since the amount of the mixture that is dissolved in the amount of water for this test is substantially greater than under the actual CLSM mixing conditions (2.46 g / 300 ml). against 90.0 g / 136 kg), and there was no sand and aggregate present during the test, as it would be present in a mixture of cement composition, to crush the tablet and help break it. The times in this way are longer than what could be experienced in situ.

Load of Compaction Level of Material of (Penetrometer) Filling (% by weight) Very Low Penetrometer 18.1 kg (1.42 MPa) Nothing Penetrometer Low 27.2 kg (2.14 MPa) 20% Medium Penetrometer 36.3 (2.87 MPa) 40% The dissolution time for samples without filler material increases as the compaction load increases. For the Very Low compaction load, the addition of the filler material had little effect on the dissolution time. For the Low and Medium compaction loads, the addition of 20% filler material had a significant effect on the dissolution time. With these compaction loads, the addition of 40% filler material was not found to be better than 20% with respect to the decrease in dissolution time.

Example I The compacted cylinder units of the blending material of Example F were prepared to evaluate their physical stability under a variety of storage conditions. Multiple samples were placed in either zip-pack or zip-cc plastic bags to provide an outer packaging protection, which closely simulates actual storage conditions. The units were compacted using three levels of compression loading; Low (2.14 MPa), Medium (2.85 MPa) and High (3.55 MPa). All samples had 20% by weight inert filler material. The compacted cylinders of this blend material have the texture or "feel" of a candle or crayon. The storage conditions evaluated were: 21 ° C, 32"C, 49 ° C and 21 ° C in a humid room (100% humidity) The physical condition was monitored over time, specifically evaluating certain properties such as: softening, touch (stickiness), fusion (stickiness) of the samples together in the bag) and general sample breakage.For all "dry" temperature conditions, after 42 days, the compacted units showed no softening or melting, good touch (no stickiness) and no breakage. Test results in the wet room are listed in the following.

* When placed in air for 3 days, the samples regained their original shape, structural integrity. Another advantage of the compacted units of mixing material according to the present invention is its prevention of the tendency of liquid or semi-liquid mixing materials to freeze, form mud or separate at low temperature. As stated in the foregoing, the use of the commingled mixing units according to the present invention overcomes the dust problems in the work place associated with the powder mixing materials, avoids the use of the voluminous measuring supply equipment. at the work site for solid or liquid free-flowing mixing materials and overcomes the spill interests associated with conventional mixing materials. In this way, it is demonstrated that the objects of the present invention are met. The examples listed in the foregoing are for illustrative purposes only and the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be understood that other mixtures, fillers, cement compositions and the like can be used in accordance with the present invention and thus, the selection of specific ingredients can be determined without departing from the spirit of the invention described and disclosed herein. . In this way, the scope of the invention should include all modifications and variations that may fall within the scope of the appended claims and the equivalent embodiments.

Example J Six compacted units of a delay mixture were prepared. The materials of the mixture were premixed with a binder, bentonite, then pressed into a compacted unit. In some cases, an effervescent mixture of citric acid / sodium bicarbonate was used to accelerate the dissolution of the compacted discs. It is noted that citric acid is also known as a retarder for cement mixtures. Table VIII indicates the materials used, the amounts, the compaction pressure, the weight and diameter of the resulting disk and the dissolution time of the compacted discs in 400 ml of a saturated lime solution, except in Example J -3, the compacted cylinder was added to 10 liters of saturated lime solution. The dissolution time was measured visually. Examples J-1 and J-2 were compacted using the Instron material testing machine, Model 4204, equipped with a load cell of 4,536 kg, in a compression mode at a speed of 5.1 mm / second. Example J-3 was compressed using a Satec Compression Machine, Model 400CTL, using a Baldwin Universal Test System controller from Satec Systems, Inc., Grove City, PA, while Examples J-4, J-5 and J ^ 6 were pressed by hand using a Buehler hydraulic hand press.

Example Three laboratory scale concrete mixtures were prepared to evaluate and compare the retardation effect of two retarded mixtures compacted according to the present invention with a liquid delay mixture. The three laboratory scale mixtures were prepared, in such a way that the weights of the materials by 0.02 cubic meters (1.0 cubic feet) of concrete were Type I Cement Jellyfish 9.8 kg Concrete Sand 25.2 kg Lime Aggregate of 2.54 cm 30.3 kg Water 5.4 - 5.9 kg The total mixing time was five minutes. The mixtures that were added to the cement mixtures were as follows: K-l: Two solid discs, pressed at 48.3 MPa in a 2.54 mm diameter die using a Buehler hydraulic manual press. Each disk had 0.64 g of sodium gluconate, 0.24 g of phosphonate (ADPA-60SH, available from Albright and ilson) and 1.17 g of bentonite.

K-2: Two solid discs, prepared as above except that each disc had 0.77 g of phosphonate (ADPA-60SH), 0.49 g of citric acid, 0.49 g of bentonite and 0.97 g of sodium bicarbonate. K-3: The liquid mixture containing 0.47 g of sodium gluconate and 1.28 g of phosphonate (ATMP, available from Monsanto) dosed at 12.7 ml per laboratory lot (equivalent to 130 ml / 100 kg). The solid mixtures, Kl and K-2 were each added to different batches of concrete, 30 seconds after the concrete mixer was turned on, while the liquid mixture K-3 was added to the front in the partial water load of the mixture. Initial hardening times, determined in accordance with ASTM C-403 were found to be Mix Time K-l 5 hr. 35 min. K-2 6 hr. 5 min K-3 5 hr. 15 min. The thermal data (heat of the hydration temperature against time) were collected during 24 hours with a data logger connected to thermocouples intercalated in the sieved mortar from the previous concrete mixes. The graphs for the three overlapping blends and showed similar thermal behavior, indicating similar rates of hydration delay.

Example L A retardation mixture of the compacted unit according to the present invention was prepared by combining the materials indicated in Table IX and compressing at 34.5-41.4 MPa to give a 6.67 cm diameter disk having a compacted density of approximately 1.41 g. / cpv3.

Material Quantity (% by weight) Sodium Carbonate 19.00 CaHP04.2H20 3.00 Sodium Gluconate 20.25 Citrus Acid 37.50 Phosphonate (ADPA-60SH) 7.75. Polyethylene glycol 3350 12.50 The dissolution time of the disc was found to be 4 minutes 10 seconds. The dissolving time will be given.5 placing the disk er. Approximately 1-lirrcs of a saturated lime solution and visually determines the time it takes to dissolve it. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present disclosure of the invention. Having described the invention as above, it is claimed how property is contained in the following:

Claims (18)

1. An additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar, characterized in that it comprises at least one mixing material in which the mixture comprises a compacted unit of a selected quantity, which has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or sufficient friability by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture.

2. The additive in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains an inert filling medium to facilitate the compaction or fragmentation of the mixing material.

3. The additive in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that the mixing material is a liquid mixing material adsorbed on a solid carrier.

4. The conformational additive with claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains a solid carrier having a coating of powder or lamellar mixing material.

5. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains a binder.

6. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains a gas release agent.

7. The additive according to claim 6, characterized in that the gas release agent is an effervescent system comprising an acid and a carbonate.

8. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit has a coating of a material resistant to water or a water-insoluble material.

9. The additive in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains a mixing material for the effective dispersion in about 1 to about 2 cubic meters of the cement composition.

10. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit contains a mixing material for the effective dispersion in about 4 cubic meters of the cement composition mixture.

11. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacted unit can be cut into structurally stable, selected fractions.

12. An additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar, characterized in that it is prepared: a) by providing a selected amount of the mixing material, b) compacting the mixing material in a unit that has a structural stability for handling and storage, but retains at least one of sufficient solubility and sufficient friability during at least one of the dissolution and fragmentation by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a mixture of cement composition.

13. The additive prepared according to claim 12, characterized in that it includes adsorbing at least one liquid mixing material in a solid carrier before compaction.

14. The additive prepared according to claim 12, characterized in that it includes coating the compacted unit.

15. The additive prepared according to claim 12, characterized in that the compaction includes extrusion molding.

16. The additive prepared according to claim 12, characterized in that the compaction includes rattling.

17. A process for preparing a cement mixture, characterized in that it includes: a) providing at least one composition of cement and a liquid, b) at least partially mixing the cement composition and the liquid; c) introducing at least one mixing material to at least the partially mixed cement composition, wherein the mixing macerial comprises at least one compacted unit of a selected amount having sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during the handling and storage, but having at least one of sufficient solubility and sufficient friability by mechanical agitation within a moist mixing environment of the cement composition mixture to at least dissolve and fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture , and d) mixing at least the partially mixed cement composition and at least one compacted unit for at least one of dissolving and fragmenting at least one compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material throughout the cement composition.

18. A process for preparing a cement mixture, characterized in that it includes: a) providing as ingredients i) at least one cement composition ii) at least one mixing material and iii) a liquid; wherein the mixing material comprises at least one compacted unit of a selected amount, which has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but which has at least one of sufficient solubility and sufficient friability by agitation mechanics within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture, to at least dissolve and fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition mixture; and b) combining the ingredients i), ii) and iii) and c) mixing the ingredients i), ii) and iii) for at least one of dissolving and fragmenting at least one compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material in all the ingredients i) and iii). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An additive for concrete, mortar or cement mortar comprising at least one mixing material in a compacted unit of selected quantity, the unit has sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but has sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cement composition mixture to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion throughout the cement composition. A process for preparing a cement mixture includes providing as ingredients i) at least one cement composition, ii) at least one mixing material and iii) a liquid; wherein the mixing material comprises at least one compacted unit having sufficient strength to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability by mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of the mixture of cement, to dissolve or fragment the uniform dispersion in the entire cement mixture; combine ingredients i), ii) and iii) and mix in any order to dissolve or fragment the compacted unit to substantially disperse the mixing material in all other ingredients.