MXPA97000401A - Lubrican compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a lubricant composition comprising at least about 30% by weight of at least one mineral oil, having kinematic viscosity of less than about 8 cSt at 100 ° C, (A) from about 15% to about 40% by weight of at least one fluidizing agent, provided that when the fluidizing agent is a poly-alpha-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of about 2 about 30 cSt at 100 ° C, then the poly-alpha-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight. weight, where the lubricant composition has a shear loss of less than about 15% in the 20 hour tapered roller bearing shear test. The invention also relates to concentrates used in the preparation of lubricating compositions. The present combination of components provides good properties at low and high temperatures especially when used in combination with one or more mineral oils. In one aspect, the composition provides improved resistance to oxidation

Description

LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS INDUSTRIAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to lubricating compositions, especially gear oil compositions having good viscosity at low and high temperatures and having good shear stability. More specifically, the invention relates to combinations of polymers and fluidizing agents that provide good viscosity and shear stability.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Multigrade lubricants are preferred because of their ability to operate at wide temperature ranges. High molecular weight polymers have been used in multigrade lubricants to maintain the viscosity of the oil as the temperatures of the / - "*: operation of the equipment A problem that arises with the use of high molecular weight polymers is that of their shear stability.The shear stability describes the ability of the polymer to maintain the viscosity of the oil after exposure to conditions Shearing stability is a measure of the loss of the ability of the polymer to impart thickness to a fluid.This loss is typically referred to as permanent shear loss (PSL). permanent shear loss is the shear test in Taper Bearing Shear Test (DIN 350-06) The viscosity of a lubricant is measured before and after the test and the percentage of shear loss is recorded. On the day, the lubricant compositions are exposed to high shear conditions, such as occurs in gear drive line applications. ad of having multigrade lubricants stable to shear, such as gear lubricants. Polymers of low molecular weight, for example of less than 50,000 Mw, can be used to prepare multigrade lubricants. Frequently, high treatment rates are required for the low molecular weight polymers to reach an appropriate viscosity. A disadvantage of these polymers is their effect on the low temperature viscosity measured in Brookfield viscometer. Multigrade lubricants should have acceptable low temperature properties, for example, acceptable viscosity at low temperatures. Multigrade lubricant has been prepared from synthetic fluids, for example poly-alpha-olefin fluids, and natural base fluids. However, the costs of synthetic fluids are very high compared to those of mineral oils. With mineral oils (for example up to SAE 250N), it is difficult to obtain good viscosity, ie kinematic viscosity and / or Brookfield viscosity. More specifically, the amount of polymer that is needed to thicken the oil at high temperatures results in an undesirable viscosity at low temperatures. The lubricant compositions serve to remove heat from the operating equipment and to reduce the metal-metal contact which leads to wear. Today, the pieces of equipment are small, which in turn leads to higher operating temperatures of the equipment. These higher temperatures, together with exposure to oxidizing media, such as air or water, can lead to further oxidation of the lubricant composition. Currently, the lubricant drain intervals have increased. When a lubricant has to operate for longer periods and at higher temperatures, the lubricant tends to increase the viscosity. The increase in viscosity is believed due to the polymerization of oxidized components of the lubricants. This increased viscosity makes the lubricant unsuitable for use. It is desirable, therefore, to have lubricants that have better resistance to oxidation. More particularly, it is desirable to have lubricants that withstand long periods of high temperature milling. It is desirable to have ingredients that can form multigrade lubricants, especially gear, transmission and differential lubricants that have good viscosity at low and high temperatures as well as acceptable shear stability. There is a need for components that can provide the desired viscosity to lubricants based on mineral oils that are at the same time stable to shear and have a good low temperature behavior. In addition, there is a need for lubricants that can meet the aforementioned requirements and that provide improved oxidation resistance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising at least about 30% by weight of at least one mineral oil, having a kinematic viscosity of less than about 8 cSt at 100 ° C, (A) of about 15% to about 40% by weight of at least one polymer, and (B) up to about 30% by weight of at least one fluidizing agent, provided that when the fluidizing agent is a poly-α-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of ^ * - about 2 to about 30 cSt at 100 ° C, then the poly-α-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight, where the lubricating composition has a shear loss of less than about 15% by weight. the 20-hour tapered roller bearing shear test. The invention also relates to concentrates used to prepare shear stable lubricating compositions. The present combination of ^ Components provides good properties at low and high temperatures especially, when used in combination with one or more mineral oils. In one aspect, the composition provides improved resistance to oxidation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The term "hydrocarbyl" includes hydrocarbon groups as well as substantially hydrocarbon groups. The term "Substantially hydrocarbon describes groups containing heteroatom substituents that do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent. Examples of the hydrocarbyl group include the following: (1) hydrocarbon substituents, ie aliphatic (for example alkyl or alkenyl) and alicyclic (for example cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl), aromatic-, aliphatic- and alicyclic-substituted and aromatic substituents and similar in this way O &substituents cyclic in which the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (for example, any two of the indicated substituents can form an alicyclic radical); (2) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, those substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not predominantly alter the hydrocarbon nature of the substituent; the specialists in this technique will realize the groups < those being treated (for example halo (especially chlorine and fluorine), hydroxy, mercapto, nitro, nitroso, sulfoxy, etc.); (3) heteroatom substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention, contain an atom other than the carbon present in the ring or chain composed otherwise of carbon atoms (eg, alkoxy) or alkylthio). Those skilled in the art will readily recognize suitable heteroatoms, including, for example, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and substituents such as, for example, pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, etc. In general, there will be no more than about 2, preferably no more than one heteroatom substituent per 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group. Typically, not b, s) substituents heteroatom in the hydrocarbyl group. Therefore, the hydrocarbyl group is hydrocarbon. As described above, the lubricant compositions and concentrates contain a combination of ingredients that provides good viscosity at low and high temperatures and good shear stability. The shear stability is measured with the 20 hour tapered roller bearing shear test. The shear test in tapered roller bearings is a standardized test published under the title "Shear viscosity in transmission lubricants" and is described in CEC L-45-T-93 of CEC, 61 New Cavendish Street, London WIM 8AR, England. The same essay is also published in DIN 51 350, part 6, and can be purchased at the Deutsches Institute für Normung, Burggrfenshase 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany. Both quotes are incorporated here for reference. Lubricating compositions generally give a shear loss of less than 20%, preferably less than about 18%, more preferably less than about 15% in the shear test in tapered roller bearings. Also, the lubricant compositions provide a Brookfield viscosity of less than about 160,000, or less than about 150,000, or less than about 140,000 cPs at -40 ° C. Typically, the lubricating compositions have a Brookfield viscosity greater than 20,000, or greater than 40,000 or greater than approximately 50,000 cPs at -40 ° C. Lubricating compositions are prepared from a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity of less than 8, or less than about 7, or less than about 6 cSt at 100 ° C. Of course, it is understood that the mineral oil will have sufficient viscosity to act as a lubricating oil. Typically, the mineral oil has a kinematic viscosity of at least about 2, or at least about 3, or at least about 4 cSt at 100 ° C. In one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of mineral oils is about 3. 0 to about 7.5, or from about 3.3 to about 7.0, or from about 3.4 to about 6.5. Both here and throughout the specification and in the claims, they can be combined - limits of proportions and intervals The mineral oil is usually present in an amount of approximately %, or about 40%, or a larger amount, by weight. In one embodiment, the mineral oil has an iodine value less than about 9. The iodine number is determined according to ASTM D-460. In another embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity has an iodine value of about 8, or less than about 6, or less than about 4. In another embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity has less than 0.3 %, or less than 0.1% sulfur. In another embodiment, the mineral oil is different from the residual oil lubricant. In one aspect, the lubricant compositions are free of residual petroleum lubricant. Mineral * oils include petroleum oils and petroleum oils treated. The mineral oils may be ß6"? E the paraffinic, naphthenic and / or aromatic types. Specific mineral oils include hydrotreated mineral oils, mineral oils refined with solvent, oils of isomerized waxes, mineral oils refined with solvent and treated with acid, etc. Typically, mineral oils will have an SAE designation of up to about 250 N, or up to about 150 N. Useful oils include 70N, 100N, 130N, 150N, and 200N mineral oils. In one embodiment, the mineral oil is a petroleum oil or a hydrotreated petroleum oil. Examples of useful oils of lubricating viscosity include isomerized wax base materials, such as isomerized wax base materials 100N, isomerized wax base materials 120N, isomerized wax base materials 170N, and isomerized wax base materials 250N; refined base materials, such as 250N solvent-refined paraffinic mineral oils, 200N solvent-refined naphthenic mineral oils, hydrotreated / refined paraffinic mineral oils 100N, hydrotreated / solvent-refined paraffinic mineral oils 240N, hydrotreated / solvent-refined paraffinic mineral oils 80N, and paraffinic mineral oils hydrotreated / refined with solvent 150N. In U.S. Patent 4,582,618 (column 2, line 37 to column 3, line 63, inclusive), which is incorporated herein by reference for its description of lubricating viscosity oils, there is a description of mineral oils. Polymer (A) The lubricant compositions additionally contain (A) at least one polymer. The polymer is generally present in an amount of from about 15% to about 40%, or from about 18% to about 35%, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight of the lubricant composition. The polymers include a polyalkene or derivative thereof, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-propylene polymer, an α-olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid reagent copolymer, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a hydrogenated interpolymer of a alkenylarene and a conjugated diene, and mixtures thereof. Here and 3 »- the whole invention, any member of a genre (list) can be excluded from the genre. In one embodiment, the polymer (A) is characterized by an Mw (weight average molecular weight) of less than about 50,000, or less than about 45,000, or less than about 40,000. In one embodiment, the polymer has an Mw of less than 25,000, or less than about 10,000, or less than about 7,000. Typically the polymer has an Mw of at least about 100,000, or at least about 2,000, or at least about 3,000. In one embodiment, the polymer (A) is characterized by an Mn (number average molecular weight) of up to about 6000, or up to about 5000. Typically, the polymer is characterized as having an Mn of about 800 to about 6000, or from about 900 to about 5000, or from about 1000 to 4000. In another embodiment, the polymers have an Mn of about 1300 to about 5000, or from about 1500 to about 4500, or from about 1700 to about 3000. The polymers generally also have an Mw / Mn ratio of from about 1.5 to about 8, or from about 1.8 to about 6. , 5, or from about 2 to about 5.5.

In one embodiment, the polymer can be a sectioned polymer of a higher molecular weight, ie of an Mw greater than 50,000. In this embodiment, a polymer of higher molecular weight is cut to the desired molecular weight. The sectioning can be done in any suitable apparatus, such as an extruder, an injector, an FZG apparatus, etc. The abbreviations Mw and Mn are the conventional symbols that represent weight average in molecular weight and Molecular weight of number average, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a method that provides both molecular weights as well as the complete molecular weight distribution of the polymers. For the purposes of this invention, a series of fractionated polymers of isobutene, polyisobutene, is used as the calibration standard in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The techniques for determining the Mw and Mn values of polymers are well known and are described in numerous books and articles. For example, methods of determining Mn and distributing molecular weights of polymers in "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatographs", J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979, by W.W. Yan, J.J. Kirkland and D.D. Bly. In one embodiment, the polymer (A) is polyalkene. The polyalkene includes homopolymers and interpolymers of qLefins having from 2 to about 40 or from 3 to about 24, or from 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. Olefins may be monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, l-butene, isobutene, an α-olefin, or polyolefinic monomers including diolefin monomers, such as 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. The α-olefins generally have from about 4 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms. These olefins are sometimes referred to as terminal mono-1-olefins or olefins. The α-olefins and the isomerized α-olefins include 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1 -octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicosene, 1-docosine, 1-tetracosine, etc. Commercial fractions of α-olefins that can be used include α-olefins of Cis-iß / α-olefins of C 2 2-6, α-olefins of C? 4-i6 / α-olefins of C? 4-? 8, α-olefins of C? 6-? B / a-olefins of Ci6-2o α-olefins of C ß-2 / α-olefins of C22-28, etc. The polyalkenes are prepared by conventional procedures. The polyalkenes are described in Patent 3,219,666 and 4,234,435, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Examples of polyalkenes include polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyisoprene and polybutadienes.

Faa. In one embodiment, the polyalkene is a homopolymer, such as polybutene. An example of a useful polybutene is a polymer in which approximately 50% of the polymer is derived from isobutylene. Useful polybutenes include those having an Mw of about 4,000 to about 8,000, preferably 6,700. In one embodiment, the polyalkene is derived from one or more dienes. The dienes include 1,3-pentadiene, isoprene, methylisoprene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-heptadiene, 1,6-cysteine, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene, linear 1,3-conjugated dienes (eg, 1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 1,3-hexadiene) and cyclic dienes (eg cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, fulvene, 1,3 -cyclohexadiene, 1, 3, 5-cycloheptatriene and cyclooctatetraene). The polyalkenes can be a homopolymer of a diene, or a co- or ter-polymer of a diene with another diene or with one or more of the above monoolefins. The polyalkene can be nidrogenated. A commercial polyalkene derived from at least one diene is LIR-290, a hydrogenated polyisoprene (Mw = 25,000), which is marketed by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In another embodiment, the polymer is a derivative of a polyalkene. The derivatives are typically prepared by reaction of one or more of the above polyalkenes or a halogenated derivative thereof with an unsaturated reagent. The halogenated f-haloalkanes are prepared by reacting a polyalkene with a halogen gas such as chlorine. The preparation of these materials is already known to specialists. Unsaturated reagents include unsaturated amines, ethers and unsaturated carboxylic reagents, such as unsaturated acids, esters and anhydrides. Examples of unsaturated amines include unsaturated amides, unsaturated imides and acrylate and methacrylate esters containing nitrogen. Specific examples of unsaturated amines include; crilamide, N, N'-methylene bis (acrylamide), methacrylamide, crotonamide, N- (3,6-diazaheptyl) maleimide, N- (3-dimethylamino-propyl) maleimide, N- (2-methoxyethoxyethyl) maleimide, N -vinyl pyrrolidinone, 2- or 4-vinyl pyridine, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and the like. In one embodiment, the unsaturated carboxylic agent reagent is an acid, an anhydride, an ester, or mixtures thereof. If an ester is desired, it can be prepared by reaction of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride with a polyalkene or halogenated derivative thereof and subsequent reaction of the reaction product with an alcohol to form an ester. Unsaturated carboxylic reagents include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, 2-phenylpropenoic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid, and acids, esters and anhydrides ( when possible) maleic, fumaric, acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic and citraconic. The esters can be represented by one of the formulas (Rx) 2C = C (Ri) C (0) 0R2, or R20- (0) C-HC = CH-C (0) 0R2, where each Ri and R2 are, independently, hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 30, or at about 12 or about 8 carbon atoms, Ra is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, '? is, preferably hydrogen or a methyl group. In another embodiment, R 2 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having from about 1 to about 30, or from 2 to about 24, or from about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms. R2 may be derived from one or more of the alcohols described above. Unsaturated carboxylic esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, "" ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, ethyl maleate, butyl maleate and 2-ethylhexyl maleate. The above list includes both monoesters and diesters of maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids and anhydrides. The polyalkene derivatives are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. These raterials have been cited as hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agents and are then discussed. U.S. Patents 3,219,666 and 4,234,435 describe polyalkene derivatives and methods of obtaining them and are incorporated herein by such descriptions. In another embodiment, the polymer (A) is an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer. Typically, the copolymer is a random copolymer. The copolymer is generally from about 30% to about 80%, or from about 30% to about 75%, by moles of ethylene. The α-olefins include butene, pentene, hexene or another of the α-olefins described above. In one embodiment, the olefin contains from about 3 to about 20, or from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the ethylene-to-olefin copolymers have a molecular weight Mw of from about 10,000 to "about 40,000, or from about 15,000 to about 35,000, or from about 20,000 to about 30,000. In another embodiment, the Ethylene-α-olefin copolymers have a molecular weight Mn of about 800 to about 6000, or of about 1500 to about 5000, or of about 2000 to about 4500. Examples of copolymers of f - ^ - ylene α-olefins are include ethylene-butene copolymers and ethylene-octene copolymers Examples of commercial copolymers include Lucant HC 600 and Lucant HC 2000 (Mw = 25,000) from Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd. In another embodiment, the polymer (A) is an ethylene propylene polymer.These polymers include ethylene propylene copolymers and ethylene propylene terpolymers.When the ethylene propylene polymer It is an ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM, also called EPR r-polymers), it can be formed by copolymerization of ethylene and propylene under known conditions, preferably under Ziegler-Natta reaction conditions. Preferred ethylene propylene copolymers contain units derived from ethylene in an amount of about 40% to about 70%, or from about 50% to about 60%, or about 55%, in moles, the remainder corresponding to those derived from propylene. The molecular weight distribution can be characterized by a poly-dispersivity (Mw / Mn) of from about 1 to about 8, or from about 1.2 to about 4. In another embodiment, the ethylene propylene polymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene monomer. In one embodiment, the diene is a conjugated diene. These dienes are described above. The s_s terpolymers? they produce under conditions similar to those of ethylene propylene copolymers. Preferred terpolymers contain units derived from ethylene in an amount of about 10% to about 80%, or from about 25% to about 85%, or about 35% to about 60%, and units derived from propylene in an amount of about 15% to about 70%, or about 30% to about 60%, and units derived from the third diene monomer in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20%, or about 1% to about 10% , or from about 2% to about 8% in moles. The following table contains examples of ethylene propylene terpolymers.

In one embodiment, the ethylene propylene polymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene norbornene, which is commercially available under the designation of Thunder elastomers of > 'rf'niroyal Corporation. A useful ethylene propylene terpolymer is Thunder CP-40. The ethylene propylene polymers are prepared by means known to those skilled in the art. U.S. Patent No. 3,691,078 discloses ethylene propylene polymers and methods for preparing them, and is incorporated herein by reference by such descriptions. In another embodiment, the polymer (A) is a copolymer of an α-olefin and an unsaturated reagent. The α-olefins may be any of those discussed above, and include propylene, l-butene, 2-methyl propene, 2-methyl-l-octene and l-decene. The unsaturated reactants are those described above. Unsaturated carboxylic reactants include acrylates, methacrylates, maleates and fumarates. The α-olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid reagent polymers are prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art. Among examples of α-olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid reagent copolymers include poly (octene-co-ethyl acrylate), poly (decene-co-butyl methacrylate), poly (hexene-co-maleic anhydride), poly (octene-co-fumarate methyl) and the like. In another embodiment, the polymer (A) is a polyacrylate or polymethacrylate. The polyacrylates and polymethacrylates include homopolymers and interpolymers of one or more of the above-described acrylic or methacrylic acids or esters. Polyacrylates and polymethacrylates include Acryloid 1019 polymers from Rohm and Haas Company and Viscoplex 0-101 polymers from Rohm Darmstadt. In another embodiment, the polymer (A) is a hydrogenated interpolymer of a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound and a conjugated diene. Interpolymers include diblock, triblock and random block interpolymers. The vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds are generally from about 8 to about 20, or from about 8 to about 18, or from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of vinyl-substituted aromatics include styrene, α-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene and p-t-butylstyrene, with styrene being preferred. The conjugated dienes are those described above. Preferred conjugated dienes are isoprene and 1,3-butadiene.

The content of vinyl-substituted aromatics of these copolymers is in the range of from about 20% to about 70%, or from about 40% to about 60% by weight. Thus, the content of conjugated diene is in the range of about 30% to about 80%, or about 40% to about 60% by weight. The said interpolymers are prepared by conventional methods well known in the art. These copolymers are usually prepared by anionic polymerization using, for example, an alkali metal hydrocarbon (eg sec-butyllithium) as the polymerization catalyst. Examples of suitable hydrogenated copolymers of a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound and a conjugated diene include Shellvis-40 and Shellvis-50, both being hydrogenated styrene-isoprene block copolymers, manufactured by Shell Chemicals. Fluidising agents (B) The lubricating compositions further contain (B) at least one fluidizing agent. The fluidizing agent, when combined with the polymer (A) provides the viscosity requirements of the lubricating compositions. In general, the fluidizing agent (B) is present in an amount of up to about 30% by weight, provided that when the fluidizing agent is a poly-α-olefin with a kinematic viscosity t about 2 to about 30 cSt at 100 °. C, then the poly-α-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight. Typically, the fluidizing agent is present in an amount of from about 10% to about 28%, or from about 15% to about 25% by weight of the lubricant composition. The amount of fluidizing agent is equal to the total amount of fluidizing agents in the lubricating compositions. In an embodiment, the fluidizing agent (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, a naphthenic oil, a poly-α-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of about 3 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C, esters of carboxylic acid, and mixtures of two or more of them. The alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons typically include mono- or di-substituted benzenes (more preferably substituted mono- "" ") in which the substituents are hydrocarbon-based groups, having from about 8 to about , or from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms. An example is Alkylate A-215 (an alkylated benzene of molecular weight 237) and Alkylate A-230 (a benzene alkylated of molecular weight 230) from Monsanto. Naphthenic oils are derivatives of crude oils, such as those found in the Louisana area. The viscosity of these naphthenic oils at 40 ° C is generally less than 4 centistokes and more generally is in the range of about 3.0 to about 3.8 centistokes. At 100 ° C, the viscosity of the desirable naphthenic crudes is in the range of about 0.8 to about 1.6 centistokes. The poly-α-olefins (PAO) are derived from monomers having < From about 4 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms. Useful examples of PAO are those derived from one or more of the above olefins, such as the α-olefins. These PAO can have a viscosity of from about 2 to about 30, or from about 3 to about 20, or from about 3 to about 8 cSt at 100 ° C. Examples of PAO include poly-α-olefins of 4 cSt, poly-α-olefins of 6 cSt, and poly-α-olefins of 8 cSt. A particularly useful PAO is the decene derivative. When the poly-α-olefin is the fluidizing agent, then the poly-α-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight. The carboxylic ester fluidizing agents are products? Reaction of dicarboxylic esters with alcohols having from about 1 to about 30, or from about 2 to about 18, or from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms. The alcohols are described below and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl and dodecyl alcohols. The dicarboxylic acids generally contain from about 4 to about 18, or from about 4 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 1 carbon atoms. Examples of dicarboxylic acids are phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl (C? -24) succinic acids, azelaic acid, adipic acid and malonic acid. Particularly useful esters are dicarboxylic esters of C? -? 2 alcohols, such as esters of propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and octyl alcohols and azelaic acid. In one embodiment, the lubricant compositions contain less than about 20%, or less than about 15%, by weight of carboxylic ester fluidizing agents. In one embodiment, the lubricant and concentrate compositions include (C) at least one anti-wear or extreme pressure agent. The anti-wear or extreme pressure agent is generally present in amounts of from about 0.05% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 8%, or from about (~. ~ 3% to about 7% , or from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight In one embodiment, (C) is used in crankcase lubricants in an amount of about 0.05% to about 6%, or preferably about 0, 1% to about 4% by weight In another embodiment, (C) is used in a drive or transmission line fluid, in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 10%, preferably about 1% at about 7%, or from about r- • •% to about 6% by weight When (C) is a mixture of components, such as an anti-wear or extreme-pressure sulfide agent and phosphorous anti-wear agent, then each component can be independently present in the s quantities given before. In one embodiment, (C) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfur compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and mixtures of two or more of them. Sulfur compounds (C) Sulfur-containing and / or extreme pressure sulfur-containing agents (C) include sulfur compounds, such as sulfurized olefins, metal dithiocarbamates and ashless, or mixtures of two or more of them. Sulfur compounds include mono- or polysulfide compositions, and mono- and polysulfide mixtures. The sulfur compounds are generally characterized by having sulfide bonds containing an average of from 1 to about 10, or from about 2 to about 8, or from about 3 to about 4 sulfur atoms. In one embodiment, the sulfur compound can be a mixture of di-, tri- or tetrasulfide materials, preferably having a greater part of trisulfide. Materials having at least 70% trisulfide are preferred, and materials containing more than 80% trisulfide are more preferred. "The anti-wear and / or extreme pressure (C) agent containing sulfur includes sulfur compounds, such as sulfurized olefins, metal-containing or ashless dithiocarbamates, or mixtures of two or more of them. Sulfur compounds include mono- or polysulfide compositions, and mixtures of mono- and polysulfide compositions. Materials that can be sulfurized to form the sulfur compounds include oils, unsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty esters, olefins, terpenes, or Diels-Alder adducts. Oils that can be sulfurized are mineral or synthetic oils, including mineral oils, shortening oil, carboxylic acid esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (eg, myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate) ), and substitutes for whale sperm oil ^ synthetic and esters or unsaturated synthetic glycerides. U.S. Patents 3,926,822 and 3,955,347, both registered to Habiby, describe oils and sulfur products that may be derived therefrom. These patents are incorporated by reference. The unsaturated fatty acids generally contain from about 8 to about 30, or from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, ileic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, shortening oil acid, soybean oil acid, talloyl oil acid and rosin acid. Unsaturated fatty esters include fatty oils, ie, natural or synthetic esters of glycerin and one or more of the above unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of fatty esters include animal fats, such as hoof oil, lard oil, deposit grease, beef tallow, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil , soybean oil and sunflower oil. The unsaturated fatty esters can also be prepared by esterification of a fatty acid with alcohols and polyalcohols. The alcohols include mono- and poly-hydroxy alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin and others. describe later. The olefins, which may be sulfurized, contain at least one olefinic double bond, which is defined as a non-aromatic double bond. The olefins include the olefins and the dienes described above for preparing the polyalkenes. In its broadest sense, the olefin can be defined by the formula R * aR * 2C = CR * 3R * 4, where each of R * 1, * 2 ^ R * 3 and R * 4 is hydrogen or an organic group . In general, the R * groups of the above formula that are not hydrogen can be represented by - (CH2) nA, where n is a number from 0 to about 10 and A is represented by -C (R * 5) 3, - COOR * 5, -CON (R * 5) 2, -COON (R * 5) 4, -COOM, -CN, -X, -YR * 5 or -Ar, where each R * 5 is, independently, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that any two R * 5 groups can be connected to form a ring of up to about 12 carbon atoms; M is an equivalent of metal cation (preferably from Group I or II, for example, sodium, potassium, barium or calcium); X is halogen (for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine); And it's oxygen or divalent sulfur; Ar is an aromatic group of up to 12 carbon atoms. The olefinic compound is usually that in which each R group that is not hydrogen is, independently, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group. In one embodiment, R * 3 and R * 4 are hydrogen and R * 1 and R * 2 are alkyl or aryl, especially afyl having from 1 to about 30, or to about 16, or to about 8, or to about 4. carbon atoms. Olefins having from about 2 to about 30, or from about 3 to about 16 (more frequently less than about 9) carbon atoms are useful in particular. Olefins having 2 to about 5, or 2 to about 4 carbon atoms are particularly useful. Especially preferred olefins are isobutene, propylene and their dimers, trimers and tetramers, and mixtures thereof. Of these compounds, the desirable ones in particular are isobutylene and diisobutylene. The sulfur compound can be prepared by the sulfochlorination of olefins containing four or more carbon atoms and subsequent treatment with higher inorganic polysulfides according to US Patent 2,708,199. In another embodiment, the sulfur compounds can be produced by sulfochlorination of olefins, and subsequent treatment with an alkali metal sulfide in the presence of free sulfur, and finally reacting the product with an inorganic base. This process is described in U.S. Patent 3,471,404, and this description is incorporated herein by reference for its discussion of this process for preparing sulfurized olefins and the sulfurized olefins thus produced.

In one embodiment, the sulfur compound is an organic polysulfide. The sulfur compound can also be prepared by reaction, under pressure above atmospheric, of the olefin with a mixture of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the presence, or absence, of a catalyst, followed by the separation of the low-point material. boiling. The olefins that can be sulfided, the sulfurized olefins and the preparation methods thereof are described in US Patents 4,119,549, 4,199,550, 4,191,659 and ..344,854. The description of these patents is incorporated herein by reference for their discussion on sulfurized olefins and methods for their preparation. In one embodiment, the organic polysulfide is a mixture comprising at least about 90% dihydrocarbyl trisulfide, about 0.1%, or about 0.5% to about 8% dihydrocarbyl disulfide, and less than about 5% higher dihydrocarbyl polysulfides. The upper polysulfides are defined as those containing four or more sulphide bonds. In one embodiment, the amount of trisulfide is at least about 92%, or preferably at least 93%. In another embodiment, the amount of higher dihydrocarbyl polysulfides is less than 4%, or preferably less than about 3%. In one embodiment, the dihydrocarbyl disulfide is present in an amount of about 0.1%, or from about 0.5%, to about 5%, or from about 0.6% to about 3%. The sulfide analysis is carried out in a Varian 6000 Gas Chromatograph and SP-4100 calculation integrator with FID detector. The column is a Megabore SGE BP-1 of 25 m. The temperature profile is 75 ° C, maintained 2 minutes, at 250 ° C a 6 ° C / minute. The helium current is 6.0 ml / min plus the completed one. The injection temperature is 200 ° C and the temperature of the detector is 260 ° C. The size of the injection is 0.6 ml. For the analysis of the sulfur composition, monosulfide, disulfide and trisulfide analogous to the sulfur composition that is analyzed are taken as reference. The references can be obtained by fractionating the product to form sulfur fractions (Si, S2 and S3) to use them """"In the analysis. The analysis procedure is as follows: (1) A determination of the% area in each reference sample is made to determine its purity; (2) the determination of the% of the area of the sample that is tested is done to have a general idea of its composition; (3) a calibration mixture is accurately weighed based on the% area resulting from the sample to be tested: toluene is then added as an internal standard to the mixture in an amount equal to about half the weight of the component higher. (This should give an area approximately equal to that of the major component). (4) The weights of each component (ie, S-1, S-2 and S-3) are corrected for the% purity of stage 1. (5) The calibration mixture is worked in triplicate using corrected weights and the calculation is then made using the following formula, to reflect the multiple peaks of S-1 and S-2: * / (concentration of components *) (internal pattern area) RF = (total area of the peaks) (internal pattern ratio) * Adjusted in terms of purity of the pattern, that is: component weight multiplied by so much percent purity is equal to component concentration. (6) These response factors plus the response factor for the individual S-3 peak are used for the determination of the weight percentage results for the samples being tested. (7) The results for S-1 and S-2 are adjusted to include all the peaks attributed to them. (8) The higher polysulfides are determined by difference, using the following formula: ^. S-4 = 100% - (S-1 + S-2 + S-3 + light ends) Light ends are defined as the peaks that elute before the internal standard. In one embodiment, the sulfur compound is prepared by reaction, optionally at higher than atmospheric pressure, of one or more of the above olefins with a mixture of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in the presence, or absence, of a catalyst such as an alkylamine catalyst, followed by separation of low-boiling materials. Olefins that can be sulfided, sulfurized olefins, and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Patents 4,119,549, 4,199,550, 4,191,659, and 4,344,854. The discussion of these patents is incorporated herein by reference for their description of the sulfurized olefins and their preparation. The polysulfides thus produced are fractionally distilled. In one aspect, the fractional distillation takes place at a pressure below atmospheric. Typically, the distillation pressure is from about 1 to about 250, from about 1 to about 100, or from about 1 to about 25 mm of Hg. A fractionation column such as a Snyder fractionation column can be used. In one embodiment, the fractionation is carried out at a reflux ratio of from about 1: 1 to about 15: 1, or from about 2: 1 to about 10: 1, or from about 3: 1 to about 8: 1. The fractional distillation takes place at a temperature at which the sulfur composition that is fractionated boils. Typically, the fractional distillation takes place at a container temperature of about 75 ° C to about 300 ° C, or about 90 ° C to about 200 ° C. The fractional distillation conditions are determined in relation to the sulfur composition that is distilled. Typically, the sulfur compound is heated to a temperature at which boiling takes place. The distillation system is brought to equilibrium and the distillation begins with the selected reflux ratio. The fractions obtained from the distillation are separated from the distillation apparatus. The amount of desired fraction can be calculated by determining the proportion of sulfides. The desired fraction is obtained by maintaining precise temperature control over the distillation system. The boiling fractions are separated at a specific temperature and vapor for that fraction. The reflux ratio is adjusted to maintain the temperature at which the boiling of the fraction takes place. After separating the desired fraction, the fraction can be filtered if desired.

In general, the fractionation is carried out according to a continuous or discontinuous process. In a continuous process, the fractionated material is fed into the fractionation column. The system parameters are controlled, such as feed stream, temperatures through the column, and reflow ratio, etc. to separate the feed components in head stream and tail stream. These parameters are adjusted to maintain the desired composition in the head and tail streams. In a batch process, the material that is fractionated is loaded into a vessel and heated to boiling temperatures with stirring. Once the material reaches the boiling point, the fractionation column system is brought to equilibrium. Next, the desired reflux ratio is established. The recovery of the distillate is started, as described herein. The reflux ratio is increased as necessary to maintain the appropriate temperatures in the fractionation column system. When the distillation rate becomes slow, the reflux ratio is increased until the recovery of the distillate is eventually stopped. The different fractions are separated as the previous process is repeated at higher temperatures.

R * -. The following examples refer to sulfurized olefins. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, both here and throughout the specification and in the claims, the amounts are by weight, the temperature is in degrees Celsius and the pressure is atmospheric.

EXAMPLE S-1 Sulfur (526 parts, 16.4 moles) is introduced into a protected high pressure reactor and equipped with agitator and internal cooling coils. Cooled brine is circulated through the coils to cool the reactor prior to the introduction of the gaseous reactants. Once the reactor is hermetically sealed, the vacuum is made at approximately 2 torr and cooled, 920 parts (16.4 mol) of isobutene and 279 parts (8.2 mol) of hydrogen sulphide are introduced into the reactor. The reactor is heated, using steam in the outer jacket, to a temperature of about 182 ° C over about 1.5 hours. A maximum pressure of 9315 kPa gauge (1350 psig) is reached at about 168 ° C during this heating.

Before reaching the maximum reaction temperature, the pressure begins to decrease and continues to decrease stationary as the gaseous reactants are consumed. After approximately 10 hours at a reaction temperature of -about 182 ° C, the pressure is 2145.9-2346 kPa gauge (310-340 psig) and the rate of change of pressure is about 34.5-69. kPa (5-10 psig) per hour. Unreacted hydrogen sulfide and isobutene are released into a recovery system. Once the pressure in the reactor has decreased to reach atmospheric, the sulfurized mixture is collected as a liquid. Nitrogen is blown into the mixture at approximately 100 ° C to remove low boiling materials including unreacted isobutene, mercaptans and monosulfides. The residue that remains after the blowing of nitrogen is stirred with Super Filtrol at 5% and filtered, using diatomaceous earth filter material. The filtrate is the desired sulfur composition containing 42.5% sulfur.

EXAMPLE S-2 Sulfur monochloride (2025 grams, 15.0 moles) is heated to 45 °. Through a gas bubble tube under the surface, 1468 grams (26.2 moles) of isobutylene gas are introduced into the reactor over a period of 5 hours. The temperature is maintained between 45-50 ° C. At the end of the bubbling, the reaction mixture increases in weight up to 1352 grams. In a separate reaction vessel, 2150 pound (16.5 mole) of 60% flake sodium sulphide, 240 grams (7%) are added., 5 moles) of sulfur, and a solution of 420 ml of isopropanol in 4000 ml of water. The contents are heated to 40 ° C. Add sulfur monochloride and isobutylene adduct previously prepared over a period of three quarters of an hour while allowing the temperature to rise to 75 ° C. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 6 hours, and then the mixture is allowed to separate into layers. Discard ¡-Z to lower aqueous layer. The organic layer above is mixed with 2 1 of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide, and the mixture is refluxed for 6 hours. The organic layer is separated again and washed with 1 liter of water. The washed product is dried by heating at 90 ° C and 30 mm Hg pressure for 30 minutes. The residue is filtered through diatomaceous earth filter material to give 2070 grams of a clear yellow-orange liquid.

EXAMPLE S-3 The product of Example S-1 (457 kg-1000 pounds) is loaded in a reactor, with stirring of the medium, and heated to about 88 ° -94 ° C. The reaction mixture is brought to equilibrium and this equilibrium is maintained for 30 minutes before collecting the distillate. The reflux ratio is set to e * - * - 4: 1. The temperature rises to 105 ° C to ensure a steady distillation speed. Distillation is continued for approximately 20-24 hours to obtain approximately 103.5-117 kg (230-260 pounds). The temperature rises to 105 ° C-107 ° C. The system is brought to equilibrium and this equilibrium is maintained for 30 minutes before collecting the distillate. The reflux ratio is set at 4: 1. The temperature rises to 121 ° C-124 ° C, in order to ensure a • steady distillation speed. The distillate is collected over 75-100 hours. Distillation leads to approximately 137-182.8 kg (300-400 pounds) of the desired product. The desired product contains 2-5% S2, 91-95% S3 and 1-2% S4.

EXAMPLE S-4 In a vessel with a fractionation column, the product of Example S-1 (10,000 grams) is boiled at approximately 93.3 ° C (200 ° F) with stirring of the medium. The column is brought to equilibrium by regulating the temperature of the steam. The balance is maintained for 30 minutes before the recovery of the distillate. The reflux ratio is set at 5: 1. The distillate is collected under these conditions until the distillate accumulation is less than 5 ml in 15 minutes. The distillate (100 ml, 88 grams) is collected at a steam temperature of 56 ° C. The temperature of the vessel rises 8,35 ° C (15 ° F). An additional aliquot of 50 grams of the distillate is removed at a vapor temperature of 58 ° C. The distillate is collected (1863) and separated. Recovery is continued while the distillate velocity is maintained above 5 ml / 15 minutes. If the boil decays, the temperature of the vessel rises 5.5 ° C. It continues the - < / "" • Dilute the distillate until the distillation speed is less than 5 ml / 15 minutes. The distillate contains approximately 473 grams of the desired product. For the final recovery of the distillate, the temperature of the vessel rises 9 ° C to 116 ° C, without exceeding 121 ° C. The distillate is separated (220 ml, 214 grams) at a steam temperature of 69 ° C. The recovery of the remaining distillate (4114 grams) is continued until the distillation rate is less than 5 ml / 15 minutes. The yield after fractionation should reach 6777 grams of the desired product. The desired product contains about 2% S2, 95.6% S3 and 0.15% S4. In another embodiment, the sulfur compound is a sulfur-containing terpene compound. The term "terpene compound", as used in the specification and in the claims, encompasses the various terpene hydrocarbons, such as those contained in turpentine, pine oil and dipentenes, and the various oxygen-containing derivatives which are natural or synthetic. Pine oil derivatives, which are marketed by Hercules Incorporated, include α-terpineol (a high purity tertiary terpene alcohol); and Terpineol 318 Prime (a mixture containing approximately 60-65% by weight of α-terpineol and 15-20% by weight of beta-terpineol); Yarmor 302; Herco pine oil; Yarmor Í02 W; Yarmor F; and Yarmor 60. In another embodiment, the sulfur compound is a sulfur-containing Diels-Alder adduct. The sulfurized Diels-Alder adduct is prepared by reaction of a sulfur source, such as elemental sulfur, sulfur halides and organic polysulfides, which include dialkyl polysulfides with Diels-Alder adduct. A reaction of Diels-Alder supposes ^, the reaction of one or more of the above conjugated dienes with one or more ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated compounds, the latter compounds being known as dienophiles. Nitroalkenes are included among the dienophiles; α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters, acids or amides; ethylenically unsaturated aldehydes and vinyl ketones. The unsaturated esters, acids and carboxylic amides are described above. Specific examples of dinophiles include 1-nitrobutene-1-alkylacrylates, acrylamide, N, N'-dibutylacrylamide, methacrylamide, crotonic aldehyde; crotonic acid, dimethyl divinyl ketone, methyl vinyl ketone, propylic aldehyde, methyl ethynyl ketone, propiolic acid, propargyl aldehyde, cyclopentenedione, 3-cyanocumaran, etc. The sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Generally, the molar ratio of sulfur source to Diels-Alder adduct is in the range of from about 0.75 to about 4, or from about 1 to about 3, or to about 2.5. An example of a useful Diels-Alder sulfur adduct is a Diels-Alder adduct sulfided with butadiene and butyl acrylate. The sulfur-containing Diels-Alder adducts, their intermediate components and methods for their preparation are described in US Pat. 3. 498,915, 4,582,618 and Re 27,331. These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions of sulphide Diels-Alder adducts, intermediate components and production methods thereof. In another embodiment, the sulfur compound is a metal-containing or ashless dithiocarbamate. Metal-containing dithiocarbamates are prepared by reaction - "a dithiocarbamic acid with a metal base. The metal base can be any metal compound capable of forming a metal salt. Examples of metal bases include oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, metal borates or the like. The metals of the metallic base include metals from Group IA, • HA, IB to VIIB, and VIII (CAS version of the Periodic Table of the Elements). These metals include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals. In one embodiment, the metal is a metal of the HA Group, such as calcium or magnesium Jomo, a Group IB metal, such as copper, a Group IIB metal, such as zinc, or a Group VIIB metal, such as manganese. Preferably, the metal is magnesium, calcium, copper or zinc. Examples of metal compounds that can react with phosphorus acids include zinc hydroxide, zinc oxide, copper hydroxide, copper oxide, etc. Examples of metal-containing dithiocarbamates are zinc diamyldithiocarbamate, zinc di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiocarbamate, magnesium dibutyldithiocarbamate, magnesium dioctyldithiocarbamate, sodium diamyldithiocarbamate and sodium diisopropyl dithiocarbamates. Metal dithiocarbamates and their preparation are described in U.S. Patent 4,612,129, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In another embodiment, the sulfur compound is an ashless dithiocarbamate. The dithiocarba ate without ash may be an amine salt of a dithiocarbamic acid and one or more of the amines described below. The dithiocarbamate compositions include reaction products of dithiocarbamic acids or salts and an unsaturated amide, carboxylic acid, anhydride, or ester, or ether, dithiocarbamate coupled with alkylene, bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides and mixtures of two or more of them . The dithiocarbamate compositions can also be prepared by simultaneous reaction of an amine, carbon disulfide and an unsaturated compound. U.S. Patents 4,758,362 and 4,997,969 disclose dithiocarbamate compositions and methods for their production. These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their description of dithiocarbamate compositions and method for their preparation. The dithiocarbamic acid or salt used to prepare the dithiocarbamate compositions are prepared by reaction of an amine with carbon disulfide. The amines can be primary amines or secondary amines, with secondary amines being most preferred. The amines generally contain hydrocarbyl groups. Each hydrocarbyl group can independently contain from 1 to about 40, or from about 2 to about 30, or from 3 to about 24, or even to about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of groups that may be on the amines include the ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl and dodecyl groups. In one embodiment, the amines are primary amines, which include primary fatty amines, ether primary amines, and tertiary aliphatic amines. Examples of primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine and dodecylamine. In one embodiment, the primary amine is (fatty amine (Cß-3o) which includes n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, oleylamine, etc. Other useful fatty amines include commercial fatty amines, such as the "Armeen" amines (products of Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois.) These amines include Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, where the letter of the designation refers to the fatty group such as cocoa group, oleyl group, tallow, or stearyl group Other useful primary amines include ether primary amines, such as those represented by the formula R "(OR ')? NH2, where R1 is a divalent alkylene group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; x is a number from 1 to about 150, or from 1 to about 5, or 1; and R "is a hydrocarbyl group of from about 5 to about 150, or from 6 to about 24 carbon atoms.An example of an amine ether is that which is commercially available under the name of SURFAMR amines produced and marketed by Mars Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia Preferred ether amines are, for example, those identified as SURFAM P14B (decyloxypropyl-amine), SURFAM P16A (linear C16), SURFAM P17B (tridecyloxypropylamine) .The carbon chain lengths (ie. C ?, etc.) of the SURFAM amines described above and used herein are approximate and include the oxygen ether bond In one embodiment, the amine is a primary amine of the tertiary aliphatic group.Usually, the aliphatic group, preferably an alkyl group, contains from about 4 to about 30, or from about 6 to about 24, or from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. atic-tertiary are monoamines represented by the formula R? ~ C (Ri ') 2-NH2, where Ri is a hydrocarbyl group containing about 27 carbon atoms and Ri' is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. Illustrative examples of these amines are tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tert-dodecylamine, tere-fc-tradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine , tert-tetracosanilamine and tert-octacosanilamine. Mixtures of primary amines of the tertiary aliphatic group are also useful for the purposes of this invention. Among the illustrative mixtures of amines of this type are "Primene 81R" which is a mixture of primary amines of tertiary alkyl of Cn-C? and "Primene JMT" which is a similar mixture of primary tertiary alkyl amines of Cβ-C22 (both from Rohm and Haas Company). Primary alky (tertiary) amines and methods for their preparation are known to those skilled in the art. The alkyl (tertiary) primary amines and methods for their preparation are described in US Patent 2,945,749 which is incorporated herein by reference for their guidelines in this regard. In another embodiment, the amine is a secondary amine. Specific examples of secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methyl, ethylamine, ethyl, butylamine, ethyl, amylamine and the like. In one embodiment, the secondary amines can be cyclic amines, such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, etc. In one embodiment, the dithiocarbamate compound (A) is prepared by reacting one or more acids or salts with unsaturated reactants, such as unsaturated unsaturated amides, anhydrides, acids or esters, unsaturated ethers, unsaturated ethers. The unsaturated ethers contain from 3 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms. Unsaturated ethers include methyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, 2-ethyl hexyl vinyl ether, etc. In another embodiment, the dithiocarbamate compound is a dithiocarbamate coupled with alkylene. The alkylene-coupled dithiocarbamates can be prepared by reacting a salt of a dithiocarbamic acid, described above, with a suitable hydrocarbon containing dihalogen. U.S. Patent 3,876,550, filed for Holubec, discloses alkylene dithiocarbamate compounds and their preparation and U.S. Patents 1,726,647 and 1,736,429, registered to Cadwell, describe phenylmethylene bis (dithiocarbamates) and methods of obtaining them . These patents are incorporated by reference for their directives relating to dithiocarbamate compounds and methods for their preparation. In one embodiment, the alkylene-coupled dithiocarbamate is derived from di-n-butylamine, carbon disulfide and methylene dichloride. In another embodiment, the dithiocarbamate compound is a bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide. These Arterials have been previously cited as dithiocarbamates coupled with sulfur. The disulfides are prepared by (A) reacting a sulfur halide with approximately one stoichiometric equivalent of (i) at least one olefinic hydrocarbon, or (ii) an aldehyde or ketone, at a temperature and for a sufficient period of time to produce an intermediate di (halohydrocarbyl) sulfur or an intermediate of dialdehyde or diketo sulfur, and (B) reaction of the intermediate with a salt of a dithiocarbamate in an amount generally sufficient to replace both halo groups by dithiocarbamate groups or to react with both carbonyl groups of the dialdehyde or diketone The sulfur halide used in the first step (A) may be sulfur monochloride (ie S2C12), sulfur dichloride, sulfur monobromide, sulfur dibromide or mixtures of any of the above sulfur halides with elemental sulfur in varying amounts The olefin can be any of the olefins described herein.Aldehydes include acetaldehyde, itself naldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethylhexanal and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde. Examples of ketones include dimethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc. The bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides can also be prepared by a process comprising the steps (A) reaction of an olefinic hydrocarbon with a halogen to produce a halogen-containing intermediate, and (B) reaction of said intermediary with a alkali metal sulfide and a salt of a dithiocarbamate in an amount sufficient to partially replace the halogen groups present by dithiocarbamate groups and / or partially by sulfide groups. The bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides are described in U.S. Patent 2,599,350, filed for Rudel et al. and U.S. Patent 5,141,658, registered to Biase. These patents are incorporated by reference for their descriptions of bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfide. Phosphorus Compounds (C) Lubricant compositions and concentrates can include a phosphorus compound as an antiwear and extreme pressure (C) agent. Typically, the anti-wear or extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus is present in a ratio of about 0.01% to about %, or from about 0.05% or about 4%, or from about 0.08% to about 3%, or from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight in the lubricant composition. The phosphorus compound is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, a metal dithiophosphate, a reaction product of a phosphite and sulfur or a sulfur source, a phosphite, a reaction product of a phosphorus acid or anhydride and an unsaturated compound, and mixtures of two or more of them. In a reaction mode, the phosphorus compound (C) is an acid ester of phosphorus. The ester is prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus acids or anhydrides with at least one alcohol. The phosphorus acid or anhydride is generally an inorganic phosphorous reagent, such as phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus tetroxide, phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorus halide, phosphorus esters of C? _, And phosphorus sulfides. , which include phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, phosphorus heptasulfide and the like.

The alcohols generally contain from 1 to about 30, or from 2 to about 24, or from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms. Alcohols include propyl, butyl, amyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, octyl, oleyl and cresolic. Examples of commercial alcohols include Alfol 810 (a mixture of primary linear chain alcohols mainly having 8 to 10 carbon atoms); Alfol 1218 (a mixture of synthetic straight chain alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms); Alfol 20+ alcohols (mixtures of primary alcohols of C? 8-2? whose major part is of C20 alcohols as determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC); and Alfol 22+ alcohols (C? -C28 primary alcohols) they mainly contain C22 alcohols.) Alfol alcohols are marketed by Continental Oil Company Examples of Adol 60 commercial alcohol blends (about 75% by weight of a C22 straight chain primary alcohol, about 15% of a primary alcohol of C2o and approximately 8% C8 and C24 alcohols) and Adol 320 (oleyl alcohol) Adol alcohols are marketed by Ashland Chemical There are a variety of mixtures of tonehydroxy fatty alcohols derived from natural triglycerides, whose chain length varies from C8 to Cie and marketed by Procter &Gamble Company, these mixtures contain various amounts of fatty alcohols containing mainly 12, 14, 16 or 18 carbon atoms. For example, CO-1214 is a mixture of fatty alcohols containing 0.5% alcohol of Cío, 66.0% of alcohol of Ci2, 26.0% of alcohol of C? 4 and 6.5% of alcohol of C? 6. Another group of mixtures that can be found commercially includes the products "Neodol" from Shell Chemical Co. For example, Neodol 23 is a mixture of alcohols of Ci 2 and C 3; Neodol 25 is a mixture of Ci 2 and C 5 alcohols; and Neodol 45 is a mixture of linear alcohols of Ci to C15. Neodol 91 is a mixture of alcohols of C9, Ca0 and Cu. Alcohol can also be a neighborhood fatty diol. Among neighboring fatty diols are those of Ashland Oil under the general registered name of Adol 114 and Adol 158. The former is derived from a straight chain α-olefin fraction of Cn-C? and the last of an α-olefin fraction of C? 5-C? 8. In one embodiment, the phosphoric acid ester is prepared by reacting one or more of the above alcohols with one or more of the above phosphorus reagents. Examples of acid esters of phosphorus include di- and tri-esters of phosphoric acid prepared by reaction of a phosphorus acid or anhydride with cresol alcohols, for example tricresyl phosphate. In one embodiment, the phosphorus compound (C) is a phosphorous ester prepared by the reaction of one or more dithiophosphoric acids with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product can be used alone, or can be further reacted with an acid of phosphorus, anhydride or ^ bottom ester. The epoxide is usually an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. The propylene oxide is preferred. The glycols can be aliphatic glycols, having from 1 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms, or aromatic alcohols. The glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, catechol, resorcinol, and the like. Dithiophosphoric acids, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and reaction methods thereof are described in US Patent 3,197,405 and US Patent 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions thereof. The following Examples P-1 and P-2 are examples of preparation of useful phosphoric acid esters.

EXAMPLE P-l Phosphorus pentoxide (64 grams) is added at 58 ° C, over a period of 45 minutes, to 514 grams of Hydroxypropyl 0.0-di (4-methyl-2-pentyl) phosphorodithioate (prepared by the reaction of di (4-methyl-2-pentyl) -phosphorodithioic acid with 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at 25 ° C). The The mixture is heated at 75 ° C for 2.5 hours, mixed with diatomaceous earth and filtered at 70 ° C. The filtrate contains 11.8% by weight of phosphorus, 15.2% by weight of sulfur and has an acid number of 87 (bromophenol blue).

EXAMPLE P-2 A mixture of 667 grams of phosphorus penthoxide and the reaction product of 3514 grams of diisopropyl-phosphorodithioic acid with 986 grams of propylene oxide at 50 ° C is heated at 85 ° C for 3 hours and filtered . The filtrate contains 15.3% by weight of phosphorus, 19.6% by weight of sulfur and has an acid number of 126 (bromophenol blue). When the phosphoric acid esters are acidic, they can react with ammonia, amine, or metal base to form the corresponding ammonium or metal salt. The salts can be formed separately and then the salt of the phosphorus acid ester added to the lubricant or functional fluid composition. Alternatively, the salts can be formed when the phosphorus acid ester is mixed with other components to form the lubricating or functional fluid composition. The phosphorus acid ester may then form salts with basic materials that are in the lubricating composition or functional fluid composition such as basic nitrogen containing compounds (eg, acylated amines) and hyperbasic metal salts. The ammonium salts of the phosphorus acid esters can be formed from ammonia, or an amine, or mixtures thereof. These amines can be monoamines or polyamines. Useful amines include those described in U.S. Patent 4,234,435 in column 21, line 4 to column 27, line 50, this section being incorporated herein by reference.

The monoamines generally have at least one hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, with from 1 to about 6 being most preferred. Examples of primary amines and amines secondary, monoamines, are those given above.Tertiary amines include trimethylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethylamine, ethyldibutylamine, etc. In one embodiment, the amine may be idroxyamine.The hydroxyamines are alkanol primary amines typically , secondary or tertiary or their mixtures These amines can be represented by the formulas: H2 - N - R '- OH, H (R'?) N - R '- OH, and (R'?) 2 - N - R - OH, wherein each R'a is, independently, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or hydroxyhydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms , and R 'is a divalen hydrocarbyl group from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms. The group R'-OH, in this formula, represents the hydroxyhydrocarbyl group. R 'can be an acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic group. Typically, R 'is a linear or branched acyclic alkylene group such as ethylene, propylene, 1,2-butene, 1,2-octadecene, etc. When two R'i groups are present in the same molecule, these can be linked by a carbon-carbon direct bond or through a heteroatom (for example oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) to form a ring structure of 5,6. , 7 or 8 links. Examples of these heterocyclic amines include N- (hydroxyl lower alkyl) -morpholines, -thiomorpholines, -piperidines, -oxazolidines, -thiazolidines and the like. Typically, however, each R'i is, independently, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl group. Between Examples of these alkanolamines include mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethylethanolamine, butyldiethanolamine, etc. The hydroxy amines may also consist of an ether-N- (hydroxyhydrocarbyl) amine. These are hydroxypoly- (hydrocarbyloxy) analogs of the hydroxyamines described above (these analogs also include hydroxyl-substituted oxyalkylene analogs). These N- (hydroxyhydrocarbyl) amines can be conveniently prepared by reaction of one or more of the above epoxides with the amines described above and can be represented by the formulas: H2N- (R'0) xH, H (R '?) -N- (R'O) x- H), and (R'i) 2-N- (R'O)? - H, where x is a number from about 2 to about 15 and Rx and R 'are such as have been described before. R'i can also be hydroxypoly (hydrocarbyloxy) group.

In another embodiment, the amine is a hydroxyamine which can be represented by the formula (R20) 2H (R20) 2H I I Ri - (- N - R3) and - N - (R20) zH where Ri is a hydrocarbyl group containing from "about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is an alkylene group having from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, preferably an ethylene or propylene group; R3 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 8, or from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; and it is zero or one; and each z is, independently, a number from zero to about 10, with the proviso that at least one of the z is zero. Among the useful hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines in which the zero formula in the above formula includes 2-hydroxyethylhexyl amine; 2-hydroxyethyloctylamine; 2-hydroxyethylpentadecylamine; 2-hydroxyethyl oleyl amine; 2-hydroxyethyloxamine; bis (2-hydroxyethyl) hexylamine; bis (2-hydroxyethyl) oleylamine; and mixtures of them. Also included are comparable members in which, in the above formula, at least one z is at least 2, such as, for example, 2-hydroxyethoxyethylhexylamine.

In one embodiment, the amine can be a hydroxy hydrocarbylamine, in which, in relation to the above formula, it is equal to zero in said previous formula. These hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines are from Akzo Chemical Division of Akzona, Inc. Chicago, Illinois, under the general trade name of "Ethomeen" and "Propomeen". Specific examples of these products include: Ethomeen C / 15 which is a condensate of ethylene oxide of a coconut fatty acid containing about 5 moles of ethylene oxide; ithomeen C / 20 and C / 25 which are condensation products of ethylene oxide of coconut fatty acid containing approximately 10 and 15 moles of ethylene oxide, respectively; Ethomeen 0/12 which is a condensation product of ethylene oxide of oleylamine containing about 2 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine; Ethomeen S / 15 and S / 20 which are condensation products of ethylene oxide with stearyl amine containing approximately 5 and 10 moles of Acetylene per mol of amine, respectively; Ethomeen T / 12, T / 15 and T / 25 which are condensation products of tallow-amine ethylene oxide containing about 2, 5 and 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of amine, respectively; and Propome 0/12 which is the condensation product of one mole of oleyl amine with 2 moles of propylene oxide.

* The amine can also be a polyamine. The polyamines include alkoxylated diamines, fatty diamines, alkylene polyamines, hydroxy-containing polyamines, condensed polyamines and heterocyclic polyamines. Commercial examples of alkoxylated diamines include the amines in which the above formula is 1. Examples of these amines include Ethoduomeen T / 13 and T / 20 which are condensation products of ethylene oxide of N- sebotrimethylendiaroin containing 3 and 10 moles of e ^ tilene oxide per mole of diamine, respectively. In another embodiment, the polyamine is a fatty diamine. The fatty diamines include symmetric or asymmetric mono- or di-alkyl ethylenediamines, propanodiamines (1,2, or 1,3), and analogues of the above polyamines. Suitable commercial fatty polyamines are Duomeen C (N-coco-1,3-diaminopropane), Duomeen S (N-soybean-1, 3-diaminopropane), Duomeen T (N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane), and Duomeen O (N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane). The "Duomeen" are commercial products of Ar ak Chemical Co., Chicago, Illinois. In another embodiment, the amine is an alkylene polyamine. The alkylene polyamines are represented by the formula HRiN- (alkylene-N) n- (Ri) z, where each Rx is, independently, hydrogen; or a hydroxy-substituted aliphatic or aliphatic group of up to about 30 carbon atoms; n is a number from 1 to about 10, or from about 2 to about 7, or from about 2 to about 5; and the "alkylene" group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 4. In another embodiment, Ra is defined the same as the above R'i. These alkylene polyamines include methylenepolyols, ethylene polyamines, butylene polyamines, propylene polyamines, pentylene polyamines, etc. Also included are higher homologs and related heterocyclic amines, such as piperazines and N-amino-substituted alkyl piperazines. Specific examples of these polyamines include ethylene diamine, triethylene tetramine, tris- (2-aminoethyl) amine, propylene diamine, trimethylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethyleneheptamine, pentaethylenehexamine, etc. Higher homologs obtained by condensation of two or more of the above-mentioned alkylene amines are also useful, as are mixtures of two or more of the polyamines described above. In one embodiment, the polyamine is an ethylene polyamine. These polyamines are described in detail under the heading Ethylene Amines in the "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" by Kirk Othmer, 2nd Edition, Vol. 7, pages 23-27, '.terscience Publishers, New York (1965). Ethylene polyamines are frequently complex mixtures of polyalkylene polyamines, including cyclic condensation products. Other useful types of polyamine mixtures are those resulting from the distillation of the polyamine mixtures described above to leave a residue, which is often referred to as "polyamine bottoms". In general, alkylene polyamine bottoms are characterized as having less than 2%, usually less than 1% (by weight) of material boiling below about 200 ° C. A typical sample of these ethylene polyamine backgrounds obtained by the Dow Chemical Company of Freeport, Texas, designated "E-100" has a specific gravity at 15.6 ° C of 1.0168, a percent nitrogen by weight of 33.15 and a viscosity at 40 ° C of 121 centistokes. The analysis by gas chromatography of a sample of these contains approximately 0.93% of "extremes "" "light" (most likely diethylenetriamine), 0.72% triethylene tetraamine, 21.74% tetraethylenepentamine and 76.61% pentaethylenehexamine and higher analogues These alkylene polyamine backgrounds include cyclic condensation products such as piperazine and Higher analogs of diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and the like These alkylene polyamine bottoms can be reacted alone or can be added to other amines, polyamines, or mixtures thereof Another useful polyamine is the condensation reaction product between at least one hydroxy compound with at least one polyamine reagent containing at least one primary or secondary amino group The hydroxy compounds are preferably polyhydric alcohols and amines The polyhydric alcohols contain from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms and from 2 to about 10 hydroxyl groups, or from 2 to about 6 hydroxyl groups. polyhydroxyls include ethylene glycols, which include di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycols; propylene glycols, among which are di, tri- and tetrapropylene glycols; glycerin; butanediol; hexane diol; sorbitol; arabite; little hand trimethylolpropane; saccharose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexanediol; erythritol; and pentaerythritols, which include di- and tripentaerythritol. In one embodiment, the hydroxy compounds are polyhydroxy amines. The polyhydroxy amines include any of the monoamines described above that have reacted with an alkylene oxide (eg, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, etc.) having from two to about 20, or two to approximately four carbon atoms. Examples of dihydroxy amines include tris- (hydroxpylamine, tris- (hydroxymethyl) amino ethane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, N, N, N ', N' -tetrakis (2-hydroxpyl ethylenediamine, and N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, preferably tris- (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM) Polyamines which can react with the polyhydric alcohol or amine to form the condensation products or condensed amines, are described above The preferred polyamines are polyalkylene polyamines such as triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and mixtures of polyamines such as the "amine bottoms" described above. the methods for obtaining them are described in PCT publication WO 86/05501 and US Patent 5,230,714 (Steckel) which are incorporated by reference for their description of condensates and methods for obtaining them. ularly useful is the preparation of HPA Taft Amines, backgrounds of amines, which is commercially available and is from Union Carbide Co., and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM). In another embodiment, the polyamines are polyoxyalkylene polyamines, for example, polyoxyalkylene diamines and polyoxyalkylene triamines, having average molecular weights ranging from about 200 to about 4000, or from about 400 to about 2000. Preferred polyoxyalkylene polyamines include polyoxyethylene. and polyoxpylene diamines and the polyoxpylene triamines. The polyoxyalkylene polyamines are commercially available and can be obtained, for example, from Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc., under the trade name "Jeffa inas D-230, D-400, D-400, D-1000, D- 2000, T-403, etc. " U.S. Patents 3,804,763 and 3,948,800 are expressly incorporated by reference herein by their description of polyoxyalkylene polyamines and acylated products derived therefrom. In another embodiment, the polyamines are polyamines containing hydroxy. Hydroxy-containing polyamine analogs of hydroxymonoamines, particularly alkoxylated alkylene polyamines, for example, N, N- (diethanol) ethylenediamines, can also be used. These polyamines can be obtained by reaction of the alkylene amines described above with one or more of the alkylene oxides described above. Similar reaction products of alkylene oxides and alkanol amines can also be used, such as the products obtained by reaction of the primary, secondary or tertiary alkanolamines described above with epoxides of ethylene, propylene or higher epoxides in a molar ratio of 1.1 to 1.2. The ratios of reagents and the temperatures to carry out these reactions are known to any specialist.

Exemplary specific examples of polyamines containing hydroxy include N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N * -bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -ethylenediamine, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, tetraethylenepentamine mono (hydroxypropyl) -substituted, N- (3-hydroxybutyl) -tetramethylenediamine, etc. Higher homologs obtained by condensation of the hydroxy-containing polyamines, examples of which have been given above, through amino groups or through hydroxyl groups are also useful. Condensation through amino groups results in a higher amine accompanied by separation of ammonia while condensation through hydroxy groups gives rise to products containing ether linkages accompanied by water separation. Mixtures of two or more of any of the polyamines described are also useful. In another embodiment, the amine is a heterocyclic amine. The heterocyclic polyamines include aziridines, azetidines, azolidines, tetra- and dihydropyridines, pyrroles, indoles, piperidines, imidazoles, di- and tetrahydroimidazoles, piperazines, isoindoles, purines, morpholines, thiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylmorpholines, N-aminoalkylthiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylpiperazines, N, N'-diaminoalkylpiperazines, azepines, azozines, azonines, azecines and tetra-, di- and perhydro-derivatives of each of the foregoing as well as mixtures of two or more of these tertiary cyclic amines. Preferred heterocyclic amines are saturated 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic amines containing only nitrogen, oxygen and / or sulfur in the hetero ring, especially the piperidines, piperazines, thiomorpholines, morpholines, pyrrolidines, and the like. Especially preferred are piperidine, amino-alkyl-substituted piperidines, piperazine, aminoalkyl-substituted piperazines, morpholine, aminoalkyl-substituted morpholines, pyrrolidine and aminoalkyl-substituted pyrrolidines. Formally, aminoalkyl substituents are substituents on a nitrogen atom that is part of a hetero ring. Specific examples of these heterocyclic amines include N-aminopropylmorpholine, N-aminoethylpiperazine and N, N'-diaminoethylpiperazine. Heterocyclic hydroxy amines are also useful. Examples thereof include N- (2-hydroxyethyl) cyclohexyl ina, 3-hydroxycyclopentylamine, para-hydroxyaniline, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine and the like. In another embodiment, the ester or salt of phosphorous acid is a metal salt. The metal salts of the phosphorus acid esters are prepared by reacting one or more of the above metal bases with an acid ester of the phosphorus. and ~ - In another embodiment, the phosphorus compound (C) is a metal thiophosphate, preferably a metal dithiophosphate. Metal thiophosphates are prepared by reaction of a metal base with one or more thiophosphorus acids. The thiophosphorus acid can be mono- or dithiophosphoric acid. The thiophosphorus acid can be prepared by reacting one or more of the above phosphorus sulfides with one or more of the above alcohols. The thiophosphoric acids, such as monothio- "phosphorus acids, can be prepared by the reaction of a sulfur source with a dihydrocarbyl phosphite The sulfur source can be, for example, elemental sulfur, or a sulfide, such as an olefin sulfur, elemental sulfur is the preferred source of sulfur The preparation of monothiophosphoric acids is described in U.S. Patent 4,755,311 and PCT Publication WO 87/07638, which are incorporated herein by reference for their description of monothiophosphoric acids, and of sulfur and process for the production of monothiophosphoric acids Monothiophosphoric acids can also be formed in the lubricant mixture by the addition of a dihydrocarbyl phosphite to a lubricant composition containing a source of sulfur such as elemental sulfur, the combination of sulfur and sulfur Hydrogen and a sulfurized olefin, such as those described above, can be activated by the phosphite. e sulfur in mixed conditions (ie, temperatures from about 30 ° C to about 100 ° C, or higher) to form the monothiophosphoric acid. In another embodiment, the phosphorus acid is a dithiophosphoric acid or phosphorodithioic acid. The dithiophosphoric acid can be represented by the formula (R ?O) 2PSSH, where each Ri is independently a hydrocarbyl group, containing from about 3 to about 30, or from about 3 to about 18, or from about 4 to about 12, or about 8 carbon atoms. Examples of Ri include isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, methyl isobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, alkylphenyl, or mixtures of them.Illustrative lower alkylphenyl groups include butylphenyl, a-phenylphenyl, and heptyphenyl and mixtures thereof. Examples of mixtures of Rx groups are: 1-butyl and 1-octyl; 1-pentyl and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl; isobutyl and n-hexyl; isobutyl and isoamyl; 2-propyl and 2-methyl-4-pentyl; isopropyl and sec-butyl; and isopropyl and isooctyl. Examples of metal dithiophosphates include zinc dithiophosphate isopropyl, ethylamyl, zinc dithiophosphate isopropyl isooctyl, dithiophosphate barium di (nonyl), zinc thiophosphate di (cyclohexyl), copper dithiophosphate di (isobutyl), calcium dithiophosphate di (hexyl), isobutyl isobutyl zinc dithiophosphate, and isopropyl sec-butyl zinc dithiophosphate. In another embodiment, the metal dithiophosphates are further reacted with one or more of the above-described epoxides, preferably propylene oxide.

These reaction products are described in US Patents 3,213,020, 3,213,021 and 3,213,022, registered to Hopkins et al. These patents are incorporated herein by reference to their descriptions of the reaction products.

The following Examples P-3 to P-7 illustrate the preparation of useful salts of phosphorous acid ester.

EXAMPLE P-3 A reaction vessel is charged with 217 grams of the filtrate of Example P-1. A commercial primary aliphatic amine (66 grams) having a molecular weight of 191 is added in which the aliphatic radical is a mixture of tertiary alkyl radicals containing 11 to 14 carbon atoms, over a period of 20 minutes at 25-60 ° C. The resulting product has a phosphorus content of 10.2% by weight, a nitrogen content of 1.5% by weight, and an acid number of 26.3. r 'EXAMPLE P-4 The filtrate of Example P-2 (1752 grams) is mixed at 25-82 ° C with 764 grams of the primary aliphatic amine used in Example P-3. The resulting product has 9.95% phosphorus, 2.72% nitrogen, and 12.6% sulfur.

EXAMPLE P-5 Alfol 8-10 (2628 parts, 18 moles) is heated to a temperature of about 45 ° C, 852 parts (6 moles) of phosphorus pentoxide are added over a 45 minute period while they maintain the reaction temperature between approximately 45-65 ° C. The mixture is stirred an additional 0.5 hours at this temperature and thereafter heated to 70 ° C for about 2-3 hours. Primene 81-R (2362 parts, 12.6 moles) is added dropwise to the reaction mixture while maintaining the temperature between 30 and 50 ° C. Once all the amine is added, the reaction mixture is filtered through filtering material, and the filtrate is the desired amine salt containing 7.4% phosphorus (theoretical 7.1%).

EXAMPLE P-6 Phosphorus pentoxide (852 grams) is added to 2340 grams # * "iso-octyl alcohol over a period of 3 hours. The temperature is increased from room temperature, but it is maintained below 65 ° C. After the addition is complete, the reaction mixture is heated to 90 ° C and the temperature is maintained for 3 hours. Diatomaceous earth is added to the mixture and the mixture is filtered. The filtrate has 12.4% phosphorus, an acid neutralization index of 192 (bromophenol blue) and an acid neutralization index of 290 ^ (phenolphthalein). The above filtrate is mixed with 200 grams of toluene, 130 grams of mineral oil, 1 gram of acetic acid, 10 grams of water and 45 grams of zinc oxide. The mixture is heated to 60-70 ° C under pressure of 30 mm Hg. The resulting product mixture is filtered using diatomaceous earth. The filtrate has 8.58% zinc and 7.03% phosphorus.

"" EXAMPLE P-7 Phosphorus pentoxide (208 grams) is added to the product prepared by reacting 280 grams of propylene oxide with 1184 grams of O, O'-diisobutylphosphorodithioic acid at 30-60 ° C. The addition is made to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and the resulting mixture is then heated to 80 ° C and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours The commercial aliphatic amine BHmmaria identified in Example P-3 (384 grams) is added to the mixture, while maintaining the temperature in the range of 30-60 ° C. The reaction mixture is filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate has 9.31% phosphorus, 11.37% sulfur, 2.50% nitrogen, and a base index of 6.9 (bromophenol blue indicator). In another embodiment, the phosphorus compound (B) is a metal salt of (a) at least one dithiophosphoric acid and (b) at least one aliphatic or alicyclic carboxylic acid. The dithiophosphoric acids are those described above. The carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, usually containing from 1 to about 3, or just 1 carboxylic acid group. Preferred carboxylic acids are those having the formula RCOOH, wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably free of acetylenic unsaturation. Generally R contains from about 2 to about 40, or from about 3 to about 24, or from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R contains from about 4 to about 12, or from about 8 to about 12, or to about 8 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, R is an alkyl group. Suitable acids include butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, octanoic, (? Nanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, octodecanoic and eicosanoic acids, as well as olefinic acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, and linoleic dimer acid. Preferred is 2-ethylhexanoic acid The metal salts can be prepared by simply mixing a metal salt of a dithiophosphoric acid with a metal salt of a carboxylic acid in the desired ratio The ratio of equivalents of dithiophosphoric acid to carboxylic acid is about 0, 5 to about 400 to I. The ratio can be from 0.5 to about 200, or to about 100, or to about 50, or to about 20 to 1. In one embodiment, the ratio is from 0.5 to about 4, 5 to 1, or from about 2.5 to about 4.25 to 1. For this purpose, the equivalent weight of a dithiophosphoric acid is its molecular weight. divided by the number of groups -PSSH therein, and the equivalent weight of a carboxylic acid is its molecular weight divided by the number of carboxy groups therein. A second method for preparing the metal salts is to prepare a mixture of the acids in the desired ratio, such as those described above for the metal salts, of the individual metal salts, and to react the acid mixture with one of the metal compounds described above. When this method of preparation is used, it is often possible to prepare a salt containing an excess of metal with respect to the number of equivalents of acid present; thus, metal salts can be prepared which can contain up to 2 equivalents and especially about 1.5 equivalents of the metal per equivalent of acid. The equivalent of a metal for this purpose is its atomic weight divided by its valence. US Patents 4,308,154 and 4,417,990 describe processes for preparing these metal salts and describe a number of examples of these "metal salts." These patents are incorporated herein by reference in their descriptions. In one embodiment, the phosphite is a di- or trihydrocarbyl phosphite, preferably each hydrocarbyl group has from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms. , or from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms Each hydrocarbyl group can be, independently, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or mixtures thereof When the hydrocarbyl group is an aryl group, then it contains at least about 6 carbon atoms; or from about 6 to 18 carbon atoms Examples of the alkyl or alkenyl groups include propyl, butyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, oleyl , linolein, stearyl, etc. Examples: "aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, heptylphenol, etc. Preferably, each hydrocarbyl group is, independently, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, oleyl or phenyl, more preferably butyl, oleyl or phenyl. The phosphites and their preparation are known and many of the phosphites are commercial, particularly useful phosphites are dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, di (C? 4-? 8) hydrogen phosphite and triphenyl phosphite. , the phosphorus compound (B) can be a reaction product of a phosphorous acid and an unsaturated compound.The unsaturated compounds include the amides, esters, acids, anhydrides and unsaturated ethers described above.The phosphorus acids are those described above, the preferred phosphoric acid a dithiophosphoric acid, anti-wear agents / extreme pressures (C) containing boron The lubricants and / or functional fluids may also contain a boron compound such as the anti-wear or extreme pressure agent (C). In one embodiment, the boron-containing anti-wear / extreme pressure agent is present in the lubricants and functional fluids in a proportion of from about 0.08% to about 4%, or from 0.1% to about 3% by weight . Examples of boron-containing anti-wear / extreme pressure agents include a borated dispersant; a metal or alkali mixed metal, alkaline earth metal borate; a borated, hyperbasic metal salt; a borated epoxide; and a borate ester. In one embodiment, the boron compound is a borated dispersant. Typically, the borated dispersant contains from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 0.5% to about 4%, or from 0.7% to about 3% by weight of boron. In one embodiment, the borated dispersant is a borated acylated amine, such as "a borated succinimide dispersant." Borated dispersants are described in 3,000,916, 3,087,936, 3,254,025, 3,282,955, 3,313,727; 3,491,025; 3,533,945; 3,666,662 and 4,925,983.These citations are incorporated herein by reference for their description of borated dispersants.The borated dispersants are prepared by reaction of one or more dispersants with one or more boron compounds. Dispersants include acylated amines, carboxylic esters, Mannich reaction products, hydrocarbyl substituted amines, and mixtures thereof Acylated amines include reaction products of one or more carboxylic acylating agents and one or more amines. Carboxylic acylating agents include C8_30 fatty acids, C4-4 isoaliphatic acids, C? 8-44 dimers, addition dicarboxylic acids, trimer acids, f-carboxylic acids of addition and hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents. Dimer acids are described in U.S. Patents 2,482,760, 2,482,761, 2,731,481, 2,793,219, 2,964,545, 2,978,468, 3,157,681 and 3,256,304, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The addition carboxylic acylating agents are addition products (4 + 2 and 2 + 2) of an unsaturated fatty acid to one or more unsaturated carboxylic reagents, which have been described above. These acids are described in U.S. Patent 2,444,328, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, the carboxylic acylating agent is a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent. The hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agents are prepared by reacting one or more of the above olefins or polyalkenes with one or more of the above unsaturated carboxylic reagents such as maleic anhydride. The amines can be any of those described above, preferably a polyamine, such as an alkylene polyamine or a condensed polyamine. In U.S. Patents 3,219,666; 4,234,435; 4,952,328; 4,938,881; 4,957,649; 4,904,401; and 5,053,152 acylated amines, their intermediates and methods for their preparation are described. These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions.

• In another embodiment, the dispersant can also be a carboxylic ester. The carboxylic ester is prepared by reacting at least one or more of the above carboxylic acylating agents, preferably a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent, with at least one hydroxy-organic compound and optionally an amine. The hydroxy compound can be an alcohol or an amine containing hydroxy. In another embodiment, the carboxylic ester dispersant is prepared by reaction of the acylating agent with at least one of the hydroxyamines described above. The alcohols are those described above. Preferred alcohols are the above polyhydric alcohols, such as pentaerythritol. The polyhydric alcohols can be esterified with monocarboxylic acids having from 2 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, provided that at least one hydroxyl group remains unesterified. Examples of monocarboxylic acids include acetic, propionic, butyric acids and the fatty acids described above. Specific examples of these esterified polyhydric alcohols are sorbitol oleate, which includes mono- and di-oleate, sorbitol stearate, which includes mono- and di-stearate, glycerin oleate, which includes mono- and di- and tri-oleate glycerin, and erythritol octanoate.

The carboxylic ester dispersants can be prepared by t any of the known methods. The method that is preferred for its convenience and the superior properties of the esters it produces is that which comprises the reaction of the carboxylic acylating agents described above with one or more alcohols or phenols in ratios of about 0.5 equivalent to about 4 equivalents of hydroxyl compound per equivalent of acylating agent. The preparation of the useful carboxylic ester dispersant is described in US Patents 3,522,179 and 4,234,435, and their discussions are incorporated herein by reference. The carboxylic ester dispersants can be further reacted with at least one of the amines described above and preferably at least one of the polyamines described above, such as a polyethylenepolyamine, condensed polyamine, or a heterocyclic amine, such as an aminopropylmorpholine. The amine is added in an amount sufficient to neutralize any of the unesterified carboxyl groups. In one embodiment, the carboxylic ester dispersants are prepared by reaction of about 1 to about 2 equivalents, or about 1.0 to 1.8 equivalents of hydroxy compounds, and up to about 0.3 equivalents, or about 0, 02 to about 0.25 equivalents of polyamine per equivalent of spinning agent. The carboxylic acid acylating agent can be reacted simultaneously with the hydroxy compound and the amine. Generally at least about 0.01 equivalent of the alcohol and at least 0.01 equivalent of the amine is present although the total amount of equivalents of the combination would be at least about 0.5 equivalents per equivalent of acylating agent. These carboxylic ester dispersant compositions are known in the art, and the preparation of a number of them is described in, , r ~ - for example, U.S. Patents 3,957,854 and 4,234,435 which have been incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, the dispersant can also be a hydrocarbyl substituted amine. These hydrocarbyl substituted amines are well known to those skilled in the art. These amines are described in U.S. Patents 3,275,554; 3,438,757; 3,454,555; 3,565,804; 3,755,433; and 3,822,289. These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions of hydrocarbyl amines and methods of obtaining them. Typically, the hydrocarbyl substituted amines are prepared by the reaction of olefins and olefin polymers, including the above polyalkenes and halogenated derivatives thereof, with amines (mono- or polyamines). The amines may be any of the amines described above, preferably an alkylene polyamine. Examples of hydrocarbyl substituted amines include poly (propylene) amine; N, N-dimethyl-N-poly (ethylene / propylene) amine, (50:50 molar ratio of monomers); polybutene amine; N, N-di (hydroxyethyl) -N-polybutene amine; N- (2-hydroxypropyl) -N-polybutene amine; N-polybutene-aniline; N-polybutenmorpholine; N-poly (butene) ethylenediamine; N-poly (propylene) trimethylenediamine; N-poly (butene) diethylenetriamine; N, N '.poli (butene) tetraethylene-penta ina; N, N-dimethyl-N '-poly (propylene) -1,3-propylenediamine and the like. In another embodiment, the dispersant can also be a Mannich dispersant. Mannich dispersants are generally formed by the reaction of at least one aldehyde, such as formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, at least one of the amines described above, preferably a polyamine, such as a polyalkylene polyamine, and at least one alkyl-substituted hydroxy-aromatic compound . The amounts of the reagents are such that the molar ratio of hydroxyaromatic compound to formaldehyde to amine is in the range of about (1: 1: 1) to about (1: 3: 3). The hydroxy-aromatic compound is, generally, an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound. This term includes the phenols described above. The hydroxyaromatics are those substituted with at least one, and preferably not more than two, aliphatic or alicyclic groups having from about 6 to about 2-4, or from about 30 to about 300, or from about 50 to about 200 atoms. of carbon. These groups can be derived from one or more of the olefins or polyalkenes described above. In one embodiment, the hydroxyaromatic compound is a phenol substituted with an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon-based group having an Mn of about 420 to about 10,000. Mannich dispersants are described in the following patents: US Patents 3,980,569; U.S. Patent 3,877,899; and U.S. Patent 4,454,059 (incorporated herein by reference for its description of Mannich dispersants). In one embodiment, the boron compound is an alkali metal borate or mixed borate of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal. These metal borates generally consist of a hydrated particulate metal borate known in the art. Alkali metal borates include mixed alkali and alkali metal borates. These metal borates are commercial. Representative patents that describe alkali metal and alkali metal borates and alkaline earth metal borates as well as their manufacturing methods are US Patents 3,997,454; 3,819,521; 3,853,772; 3,907,601; 3,997,454, and 4,089,790. These patents are incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions of metal borates jr ¥ > production methods. In another embodiment, the boron compound is a borated fatty amine. Borated amines are prepared by reacting one or more of the above boron compounds with one or more of the above fatty amines, for example, an amine having from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms. The borated fatty amines are prepared by reaction of the amine with the boron compound between about 50 ° C and about 300 ° C, or between about 100 ° C and about 250 ° C, and a ratio of about 3: 1 to about 1. : 3 equivalents of amine to boron compound equivalents. In another embodiment, the boron compound is a borated epoxide. The borated fatty epoxides are generally the reaction product of one or more of the above boron compounds with at least one epoxide. The epoxide is usually an aliphatic epoxide having from 8 to about 30, or from about 10 to about 24, from about 12 to about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of useful aliphatic epoxides include heptyl epoxide, octyl epoxide, oleyl epoxide, and the like. Mixtures of epoxides can be used, for example commercial mixtures of epoxides having from about 14 to about 16 carbon atoms and from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms. Borated fatty epoxides are generally known and are described in U.S. Patent 4,584,115. This patent is incorporated by reference for its description of borated fatty epoxides and methods of preparing them. In one embodiment, the boron compound is a borate ester. The borate esters can be prepared by reacting one or more of the above boron compounds with one or more of the above alcohols. Typically, the alcohols contain from about 6 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The methods of obtaining these borates are well known in the art. In another embodiment, the borate ester is a borated phospholipid. The borated phospholipids are prepared by reaction of a combination of a phospholipid and a boron compound. Optionally, the combination may include one or more of the above amines, acylated nitrogen compounds, carboxylic esters, Mannich reaction products, neutral or basic metal salts of organic acid compounds, or ezlas of two or more of them. These additional components are described above. Phospholipids are sometimes cited as phosphatides and as phospholipins and may be natural or synthetic. Phospholipids derived from natural Woductos include those derived from fish, fish oil, molluscs, ox meat, chicken eggs, sunflower, soybeans, corn and cotton seeds. Phospholipids can be derived from microorganisms, including blue-green algae, green algae, and bacteria. The reaction of the phospholipid and the boron compound usually takes place at a temperature of about 60 ° C to about 200 ° C, or from about 90 ° C to about 150 ° C. The boron compound and the phospholipid are reacted at a ratio of boron to phosphorus equivalents of about 1-6: 1 or about 2-4: 1, or about 3: 1. When the combination includes additional components (eg, amines, acylated amines, neutral or basic metal salts, etc.), the boron compound is reacted with the phospholipid mixture and one or more optional ingredients in an amount of 1 equivalent of t j. boron to an equivalent of the mixture of a phospholipid and an optional ingredient in a ratio of about 1, or about 2 to about 6, to about 4 to 1. The equivalents of the mixture are based on the combined phospholipid-based phospholipid equivalents and equivalents of the optional ingredients. Antioxidants (D) ** In another embodiment, the lubricating compositions and concentrates may contain (D) one or more antioxidants. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 2%, or from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of the composition lubricant. The antioxidants may be present in a total amount generally from about 1.5% to about 10%, or about 1.8% to about 8%, or from about 1.9% to about 6% by weight. In another embodiment, the lubricant composition contains at least about 1% by weight of an antioxidant amine, an antioxidant dithiocarbamate, or mixtures thereof. In this embodiment, the lubricant compositions contain at least about 1%, or about 1.5%, or about 1.7% by weight of an antioxidant amine, an antioxidant dithiocarbamate, or mixtures thereof, preferably an antioxidant amine In another embodiment, the antioxidant is present in an amount that provides at least about 0.04%, or at least about 0.05% , or at least about 0.07% by weight of nitrogen to the fully formulated lubricant In one embodiment, the antioxidant includes amine antioxidants, dithiophosphoric acid esters, phenol antioxidants, iocarbamates, phosphite antioxidants, sulfur dioxide-alder adducts, and mixtures thereof In one embodiment, the antioxidant is an antioxidant amine, or a dithiocarbamate anti-oxidant In one embodiment, the antioxidants are ashless, i.e. they are metal free In another embodiment the antioxidant is different from polyphenol.Amino antioxidants include aromatic alkylated amines and heterocyclic amines.Alkylated aromatic amines include nted by the formula where Ar1 and Ar2 are, independently mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic group, substituted or unsubstituted; and Ri is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, SH, N02 or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 50 carbon atoms. The aromatic group represented by "Ar", as in other formulas throughout this specification and the appended claims, may be mononuclear or polynuclear. Examples of mononuclear Ar moieties include benzene radicals, such as 1, 2, 4-benzenetriyl; 1,2,3-benzenetriyl; 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 2-methyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-benzenethiyl; 3-propoxy-1,2,4,5-benzenetetrayl; 3-chloro-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; 1,2,3,5-benzenetetrayl; 3-cyclohexyl-1,2,4-benzenetriyl; and 3-azocyclopentyl-1, 2, 5-benzenetriyl, and pyridine radicals such as 3,4,5-azabenzene; and 6-methyl-3,4,4-azabenzene. The polynuclear group must be one in which the aromatic nucleus is condensed at two points with another aromatic nucleus, such as naphthyl and anthracenyl groups. Specific examples of condensed ring Ar aromatic radicals include: 1,4,8-naphthylene; 1, 5, 8-naphthylene; 3, 6-dimethyl-4, 5, 8 (1- azonaphthalene); 7-methyl-9-methoxy-l, 2, 5, 9-anthracenotetrayl; 3, 10-phenanthylene, and 9-methoxy-benz (a) phenanthrene-5, 6, 8, 12-yl. The polynuclear group can be that in which at least two nuclei (mononuclear or polynuclear) are linked through bridging links. These bridging bonds can be selected from the group consisting of alkylene linkages, ether linkages, keto linkages, sulfide linkages, polysulfide linkages of 2 to about 6 sulfur atoms. Specific examples of Ar when linked to polynuclear aromatic radical include: 3, 3 ', 4, 4', 5-bibenostetraleyl; di (3,4-phenylene) ether; 2, 3-phenylene-2,6-naphthylene-methane; and 3-methyl, 9H-fluoren-1, 2, 4, 5, 8-yl; 2, 2-di (3, -phenylene) propane; 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzatriyl (having 1 to about 10 thiomethylphenylene groups) coupled to sulfur; and 3-methyl-1,2,4-benzatriyl (having from 1 to about 10 aminomethylphenylene groups) coupled to amino. Typically, Ar is a benzene nucleus, a benzene nucleus with a lower alkylene bridge, or a naphthalene nucleus. In another embodiment, the alkylated aromatic amine represented by the formula R2-Ar-NH-Ar-R3, wherein R2 and R3 are, independently, hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 50, or from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms. Among the examples of aromatic amines are p, p '-dioctyldiphenylamine; octylphenyl-beta-naphthylamine; octylphenyl-a-naphthylamine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine; pheny1-beta-naphthylamine; p-octyl pheny1-a-naphthylamine; and 4-octylphenyl-1-octyl-beta-naphthylamine and di (nonylphenyl) amine, with di (nonylphenyl) amine being preferred. U.S. Patents 2,558,285; 3,601,632; 3,368,975, and 3. 505,225 describe diarylamines useful as an antioxidant (D).

These patents are incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, the antioxidant (D) can be a phenothiazine. The phenothiazines include phenothiazine, substituted phenothiazine, or derivatives, such as those represented by the formula where R 4 is an alkylene, alkenylene or aralkylene group or mixtures thereof, R 5 is selected from the group consisting of higher alkyl groups, or alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group and mixtures thereof; each R6 is, independently, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, or fused aromatic rings, or mixtures thereof; a and b are, each independently, zero or more than zero. In one embodiment, R4 contains from about 2 to about 8, or 2 or 3 carbon atoms. R5 typically contains from about 3 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms. R6 contains from 1 to about 50, or from about 4 to about 30, or from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms. In another reaction mode the phenothiazine derivatives can be represented by the formula: wherein R4, R6, a and b are as defined above with respect to Formula I. The phenotiazine derivatives described above, and methods for their preparation are described in US Pat. No. 4,785,095, and the description of this patent is incorporated herein by reference. here as a reference for the guidelines of such methods and compounds. In one embodiment, a .alkykyldiphenylamine is treated with sulfur at elevated temperature such as in the range of 145 ° C to 205 ° C for sufficient time to complete the reaction. A catalyst such as iodine can be used to establish the sulfur bridge. The phenothiazine and its various derivatives can be converted into the above compounds by contacting the phenothiazine compound containing free NH group with a thioalcohol of the formula R5SR40H wherein R4 and R5 have been defined in relation to the formula I. The thioalcohol it can be obtained by the reaction of a mercaptan (for example, a mercaptan of C_30), such as hexanothiol, octanotiol and dodecanethiol, with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene or propylene oxide under basic conditions. Alternatively, the thioalcohol can be obtained by reaction of a terminal olefin, such as those described herein, with mercaptoethanol under free radical conditions. When it is desired to prepare compounds of the type represented by Formulas I and II in which a is 1 or 2, ie sulfones or sulfoxides, the derivatives prepared by reaction with thioalcohols described above are oxidized with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide. , in a solvent such as glacial acetic acid or ethanol under an inert gas atmosphere. The partial oxidation conveniently takes place between about 20 ° C and about 150 ° C. In one embodiment, the antioxidant may be one or more of the above phosphorous esters which are reaction products of one or more of the above phosphorous reagents and one or more of the above unsaturated compounds. The thiophosphoric acid esters can be mono- or dithiophosphoric acid esters. The thiophosphoric acid esters are also generally cited as dithiophosphates. The reaction products of phosphoric acids and an unsaturated amide are referred to as phosphorus-containing amides. An example of this reaction product is the reaction of methylamyl dithiophosphoric acid or isooctyl, isopropyl dithiophosphoric acid and acrylamide. Amides containing phosphorus are known in the art and are described in U.S. Patents 4,670,169, 4,770,807, and 4,876,374, which is incorporated herein by reference for their descriptions of phosphorous amides and their preparation. Examples of reaction products of a phosphoric acid and an unsaturated ester are the reaction product of isobutyl acid, α-dithiophosphoric acid and methyl α-acrylate and di (amyl) dithiophosphoric acid and butyl methacrylate.

In another embodiment, the antioxidant (A) is at least one phenolic antioxidant. Phenolic antioxidants include metal-hindered and metal-free phenols. It is also possible to use the alkylene-coupled derivatives of hindered phenols and phenolic sulphides or phenols coupled with sulfur. Hindered phenols are defined as those containing a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, and these include those derived from dihydroxy aryl compounds where the hydroxyl groups are in the o- or p-one position relative to another. The metal-free hindered phenols can be represented by the following formulas: fifteen R, R-, Where each Ri is, independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from 3 to about 9 carbon atoms, each R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to about 9 carbon atoms, and each R 4 is, independently, hydrogen or methyl group. In one embodiment, R2 is an alkyl group containing from 3 to about 50, or from about 6 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl groups are derived from one or more of the above polyalkenes. The alkyl groups can be derived from polymers of ethylene, propylene, l-butene and isobutene, preferably tetramer or propylene trimer. Examples of R2 groups include hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tripropenyl, tetrapropenyl, etc. Examples of Ri, R2 and R3 groups include propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tere-butyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl. In another embodiment, each Ri and R3 are tertiary groups, such as tere-butyl or tert-amyl groups. The phenolic compounds can be prepared by various techniques, and in one embodiment, such phenols are prepared in stages, by first preparing the para substituted alkylphenol, and then alkylating the para-substituted phenol at the 2 and / or 6 position, according to "" "" to want. When it is desired to prepare coupled phenols of the type represented by formulas IV and V, the second alkylation step is carried out under conditions which result in the alkylation of only one of the ortho positions relative to the hydroxyl group. Examples of useful phenolic materials include: 2-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-butylphenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-tetrapropenylphenol; 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-tripropenylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol; 2, 6-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 4-t-butyl catechol; 2, -di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; and 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol. Examples of the ortho-coupled phenols include: 2, 2'-bis (6-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol); 2, 2'-bis (6-t-butyl-4-octylphenol); 2,6-bis (1,1-methylcyclohexyl) -4-methylphenol; and 2, 2'-bis (6-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol). Alkylene-coupled phenolic compounds can be prepared from the phenols by reaction of the phenolic compound with an aldehyde, typically those containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, such as formaldehyde or acetaldehyde, aldehyde precursors, such as a paraformaldehyde or trioxane, or a ketone, such as acetone. The phenols coupled with alkylene can be obtained by reacting from 0.3 to about 2 moles of a phenol with 1 equivalent of an aldehyde or ketone. Methods for the coupling of phenolic compounds with aldehydes and ketones are known in the art. Examples of the phenolic compounds include 2,2 '-methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol): 2,2'-methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-octylphenol); 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-dodecyl-6-t-butylphenol); 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-octyl-6-t-butylphenol); 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-octylphenol); 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-dodecylphenol); 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-heptylphenol); 2,2'-? -ethylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol); 2, 2 '-methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-tetrapropenylphenol) and 2, 2'-methylenebis (6-t-butyl-4-butyl phenol). In another embodiment, the antioxidant (D) is a metal-free (or ashless) alkyl phenol sulfide or phenols coupled to sulfur. The alkylphenols from which the sulfides are prepared may also consist of phenols of the type discussed above and represented by Formula III where R 3 is hydrogen. For example, alkylphenols that can be converted to alkylphenol sulfides include: 2-t-butyl-4-heptylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octylphenol; and 2-t-butyl-4-dodecylphenol; 2-t-butyl-4-tetrapropenylphenol. The term "alkylphenol sulphides" encompasses di- (alkylphenol) monosulfides, disulfides and polysulfides, as well as other products obtained by the reaction of alkylphenol with sulfur dichloride, sulfur dichloride and elemental sulfur. Typically, one mole of phenol is reacted with about 0.5-1.5 moles, or more, of the sulfur compound. For example, alkylphenol sulfides are easily obtained by mixing one mole of an alkylphenol and 0.5-2.0 moles of sulfur dichloride. The reaction mixture is normally maintained at approximately 100 ° C for about 2-5 hours, time after which the resulting sulfide is dried and filtered: When elemental sulfur is employed, temperatures of about 150-250 ° C or higher are typically used. It is also desirable that the drying operation be carried out under nitrogen or similar inert gas. A particularly useful alkylphenol sulfide is thio-bis (tetrapropenyl phenate). Suitable basic alkylphenol sulfides are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,372,116; 3. 410,798; and 4,021,419, which are incorporated herein by reference. -y_ These sulfur-containing phenolic compositions described in U.S. Patent 4,021,419 are obtained by sulfurizing a phenol substituted with sulfur or with sulfur halide and then reacting the sulfurized phenol with formaldehyde or an aldehyde precursor, for example, paraformaldehyde or trioxane . Alternatively, the substituted phenol can be reacted first with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and then reacted with sulfur or sulfur halide to produce the desired alkylphenol sulfide. In another embodiment, the antioxidant (D) is an antioxidant dithiocarbamate. The dithiocarbamate antioxidants include the reaction products of a dithiocarbamic acid or a salt and one or more of the unsaturated compounds described above, such as amides, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, or unsaturated esters, or ethers; dithiocarbamates coupled with alkylene; and bis (S-alkyldithiocarbamoyl) disulfides. In one embodiment, the dithiocarbamate compounds are ashless, i.e., metal free. The dithiocarbamates are those described above. In another embodiment, the antioxidant is a sulfur-containing Diels-Alder adduct. The sulfur-containing Diels-Alder adduct and its preparation have been described above. As previously indicated, the above combination of components is useful in lubricants where they can mainly function as viscosity agents, anti-wear agents, anti-weld, anti-friction, extreme pressure, and / or rust inhibition agents. . They can be used in a variety of lubricants based on various lubricating viscosity oils. These lubricants include crankcase lubrication oils for spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines, including those for automobiles and trucks, two-stroke engines, aviation piston engines, marine diesel engines and of railroad, and the like. They can also be used in natural gas engines, stationary energy engines and turbines, etc. Automatic or manual transmission fluids, trans-axle lubricants, gear lubricants, both for open and closed systems, tractor lubricants, metalworking lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other lubricating oils and grease compositions they may also benefit from the incorporation thereto of the compositions of the present invention. They can also be used in lubricants for cables, mobile pulleys, guides, rock drills, conveyors and chains, endless screws, bearings and applications of rails and tabs. In one embodiment, the lubricants contain less than 3% by weight of water, preferably less than 2% by weight of water. Other additives The invention also contemplates the use of other additives together with the polymers (A), fluidizing agents (B), and optional antiwear agents (C) and antioxidants (D). These additives include, for example, detergents and dispersants, corrosion and oxidation inhibiting agents, pour point depressants, extreme pressure agents, auxiliary anti-wear agents, odor stabilizers and anti-foam agents. carboxylic dispersants (for example, acylated amines and carboxylic esters), amine dispersants, Mannich dispersants, post-treated dispersants and polymer dispersants. Carboxylic dispersants, amine dispersants and Mannich dispersants have been discussed above. The post-treated dispersants are obtained by reaction of carboxylic, amine or Mannich dispersants with reagents such as urea, thiourea, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds , phosphorus compounds or the like. Examples of materials of this kind are those described in the following US Patents: 3,200,107, 3,282,955, 3,367,943. 3,513,093, 3,639,242, 3,649,659. 3,442,808, 3,455,832, 3,579,450, 3,600,372, 3,702,757 and 3,708,422, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The polymeric dispersants are interpolymers of oil-solubilizing monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, for example, aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly- (oxyethylene) -substituted acrylates. Examples of these polymeric dispersants are described in the following US Pat. Nos. 3,329,658, 3,449,250, 3,519,656, 3,666,730, 3,687,849 and 3,702,300, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the lubricant compositions and functional fluids contain one or more extreme pressure and / or antiwear auxiliary agents, corrosion inhibitors and / or oxidation inhibitors. Many of the foregoing agents of extreme pressures and corrosion-oxidation inhibitors mentioned above also serve as anti-wear agents. In one embodiment, the lubricants are free of metal dithiophosphates, such as zinc dithiophosphates and / or chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated wax. The lubricant compositions and functional fluids may contain one or more pour point depressants, color stabilizers, metal deactivators and / or anti-foam agents. Pour point depressants are a particularly useful type of additive that are frequently included in the lubricants described herein. The use of these pour point depressants in oil-based compositions to improve the low temperature properties of oil-based compositions is well known in the art. See, for example, page 8 of "Lubricant Additives" by C.V. Smalheer and R. Kennedy Smith Co. Publishers, Cleveland, Ohio, 1967). Examples of useful pour points are polymethacrylates; polyacrylates, polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids and vinyl alkyl ethers. Pour point depressants useful for the purposes of the present invention, techniques for their preparation and their uses are described in U.S. Patent 2,387,501; 2,015,748; 2,655,479; 1,815,022; 2,191,498; 2,666,746; 2,721,877; 2,721,878 and 3,250,715, which are incorporated herein by reference for their pertinent descriptions. In one embodiment, the pour point depressant is represented by the structural formula: Ar (R) - (Ar '(R1)) -Ar ", where Ar, Ar' and Ar" are equal to "Ar" discussed above, (R) and (R ') are, independently, an alkylene group containing from 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH2, and n is 0 to about 1000 with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH2 and at least one aromatic moiety has at least one substituent, substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin (preferably an olefin containing about 8 to • about 30 carbon atoms, more preferably about 16-18 carbon atoms) and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon preferably containing from about 8 to about 50 carbon atoms, more preferably than It contains approximately 24 carbon atoms and approximately 2.5 chlorine atoms per 24 carbon atoms. The antifoam agents are to reduce or prevent the formation of stable foam. Typical anti-foam agents include silicones or organic polymers. In "Foam Control Agents" by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976), pages 125-162, additional antifoaming compositions are described. These additional additives, when used, are present in the lubricating compositions and functional fluids of the present invention at concentrations sufficient to provide compositions with enhanced properties according to the intended use. Generally, each of these additional additives are present in the lubricants and functional fluids at concentrations of about 0.01%, or about 0.05%, or about 0.5%. Additional additives are generally present in an amount of up to about 20% by weight or up to about 10% by weight, and up to about 3% by weight. The substituents for the aromatic fractions are obtained from the olefins and / or chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, chlorinated wax. The olefins are those described above. A particularly preferred chlorinated hydrocarbon is one having approximately 24 carbons and containing about 2.5 chlorines per 24 carbon atoms. The desired material is a mixture of products including alkylated naphthalenes, coupled naphthalenes and bridges, oligomers and dehydrohalogenated waxes. The molecular weight distribution of the final product is the most useful way to characterize the final product. A useful molecular weight range is approximately 300-2000. A more useful range of molecular weights is 500 to 10,000. A preferred distribution is from 400 to 112,000. The most useful distribution is from about 271 to about 300,000. The U.S. Patent 1,667,214, filed for Michel; 1. 815,022 registered for Davis and 4,753,745, registered for Kostusyk et al. Indicate these alkylated aromatic compounds useful as pour point depressants. These patents are incorporated herein by reference. In another embodiment, the pour point depressant is an ester of an interpolymer containing carboxy of a vinylaromatic compound (discussed above), for example, styrene and an unsaturated carboxylic reagent (discussed above), for example anhydride maleic The pour point locker generally refers to pour point depressants of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer. These polymers are described in U.S. Patents 4,284,414, 4,604,221 and 5,338,471, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment, the lubricant compositions contain less than 2%, or less than 1.5%, or less than 1% by weight of a dispersant. In another embodiment, the lubricant compositions are free of lead base additives, metal dithiophosphates (zinc), and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal borates. Concentrates The invention also includes concentrates of the polymers (A) and the fluidizing agents (B). The polymer is typically present in an amount of from about 20% to about 90%, or from about 25% to about 75%, or from about 30% to about 70% by weight of the concentrate. The fluidizing agent is generally present in an amount of from about 20% to about 80%, or from about 25% to about 75%, or from about 30% to about 70% by weight of concentrate. f The concentrates may additionally include a substantially inert organic diluent. The normally liquid, substantially inert organic solvent / diluent is for example kerosene, mineral distillates, naphtha or one or more oils of lubricating viscosity. In one embodiment, the concentrates contain from 0.01% to about 49.9% or from about 0.1% to about 45% by weight. The concentrates may contain other additives, such as those discussed above, which may be used in a fully formulated lubricant composition. These additives are present in amounts of less than about 0.1% to about 45% by weight. The following table shows the examples in relation to the concentrates containing the components useful in the present invention. The concentrates are prepared under normal mixing conditions.

Typically, the concentrates are used at the treated levels of from about 15% to about 45%, or from about 20% to about 40% by weight. Each of the above concentrates may additionally contain any of the components described above such as antiwear or extreme pressure agent, pour point depressants, dispersant, etc. The following examples refer to lubricants containing polymer (A) and fluidizing agent (B).

EXAMPLE L-1 A lubricant composition is prepared by incorporating 30% of a polyisobutene (Mw = 6700) and 5% of Monsanto Alkylate A-215 to a 100N oil. EXAMPLE L-2 and - A lubricant composition is prepared by incorporating 13% Truene CP-40 and 20% of the alkylate of Example L-1 into a mineral oil 130 neutral. EXAMPLE L-3 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-1 except that the lubricant includes 0.5% of an alkylated naphthalene product prepared as described in Example 1 of US Patent 4,753. 745, registered for Kostusyk et al. EXAMPLE L-4 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-1 except that the lubricant includes 3.2% of the product of Example S-1. EXAMPLE L-5 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-1 except that the lubricant includes 1.2% of the product of Example P-3. EXAMPLE L-6 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-1 except that the lubricant includes 1.9% of a mono- and di-alkylated C9 diphenylamine. EXAMPLE L-7 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-2 except that the lubricant also includes 1.2% of a borated dispersant prepared from polybutenyl anhydride (Mn = 1000) succinic and polyamine bottoms where the dispersant has 2.3% nitrogen, 1.9% boron and 33% mineral oil 100 neutral. Example L-8 A lubricant is prepared by incorporating 30% of a polyisobutene (Mw = 6700), 5% of a poly-α-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of 4 cSt at 100 ° C, and 5% of Alkylate A- / - 215 of Monsanto, 2.2% diphenylamine of C9 mono and dialkylated, 1.7% of the product of Example P-3, 4.6% of the product of Example S-3, 0.05% of a product of reaction of C9 mercaptan and dimercaptodithiodiazole, 0.1% of a reaction product of heptylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole, 0.1% of a copolymer of methyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 30 ppm of silicone fluid, 0.04% by weight of onisopropanolamine to a mixture of 84.5% mineral oil ^ 90N to a mineral oil 130N. Example L-9 A lubricant composition is prepared by incorporating 0.5% of mono- and dialkylated C9-diphenylamine, 4.1% of the product of Example S-4, 1.6% of the product of Example P-3, 0, 8% of a reaction product of dimercaptothiadiazole and a dispersant carboxylic ester prepared by reaction of succinic anhydride polyisobutenyl (Mn = 950) -substituted with ^ entaerythritol and polyethylene polyamines, 0.3% triphenyl phosphite, 0.3% monooleate of glycerin, 0.1% by weight of a vinyl acetate polymer, ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 30 parts per million silicone antifoam agent, to a isomerized wax base material XHVI 100N. Example L-10 A lubricant is prepared as described in Example L-9, except that 2.2% of the alkylated diphenylamine is used. Examples L-ll to L-16 are further examples of lubricant compositions in which a mixture of 130N oil and 90N oil is used to which the additives described in the following table are incorporated.

• "- Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments, it is understood that various modifications of the same will occur to the specialists to the reading of the specification. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention described herein is intended to cover these modifications as they come within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (26)

CLAIMS 1. A lubricant composition comprising at least about 30% by weight of at least one mineral oil, having a kinematic viscosity of less than about 8 cSt at 100 ° C (A) of about 15% to about 40% by weight of at least one polymer, and (B) up to about 30% by weight of at least one fluidizing agent, provided that when the fluidizing agent is a poly-α-olefin having a ^ kinematic viscosity from about 2 to about 30 cSt at 100 ° C, then the poly-α-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight, where the lubricant composition has a shear loss of less than about 15% by weight. The 20-hour tapered roller bearing shear test. 2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polyalkene -? ~ or derivative thereof, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-propylene polymer, an α-olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid reagent copolymer, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a hydrogenated interpolymer of a vinyl substituted aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, and mixtures thereof. 3. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (A) is polyalkylene having a molecular weight Mw less than 50,000. 4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (A) is a polyalkene derived from at least one olefin having from 3 to about 30 carbon atoms. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (A) is selected from the group consisting of a polybutene, a hydrogenated polyisoprene, an ethylene α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene propylene copolymer, and an ethylene propylene monomer diene interpolymer. 6. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (A) is polyisobutylene. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the fluidizing agent (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthenic oil, poly-α-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of about 3 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C, and carboxylic acid esters. The composition according to claim 1 further comprising (C) at least one anti-wear or extreme pressure agent, (D) a total of at least about 1.5% by weight of one or more antioxidants, (E) up to about 5% by weight of at least one dispersant, or mixtures of two or more of them. The composition according to claim 8 wherein the anti-wear or extreme pressure agent (C) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a sulfur compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, a boron-containing compound and mixtures thereof. The composition according to claim 8 wherein the antioxidant (D) is selected from the group consisting of amine antioxidants, dithiophosphoric acid esters, phenol antioxidants, dithiocarbamate antioxidants, sulfur Diels-Alder adducts and mixtures thereof. The composition according to claim 8 wherein the dispersant (E) is at least one reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent and an amine. 12. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the lubricating composition is a gear oil. A lubricant composition comprising at least about 30% by weight of at least one mineral oil, having a kinematic viscosity of less than about 8 cSt at 100 ° C, and an amount of a concentrate, sufficient to provide a lubricant fully formulated, (A) from about 15% to about 40% by weight of at least one polymer having a molecular weight Mw of about 1000 to about 45,000 and (B) of up to about and p-0% by weight of at least one fluidizing agent, provided that when the fluidizing agent is a poly-α-olefin having a kinematic viscosity of about 2 to about 30 cSt at 100 ° C, then the poly-α-olefin is present in an amount of up to about 12% by weight, wherein the lubricating composition has a shear loss of less than about 15% according to the 20 hour tapered roller bearing shear test. ^ 14. The composition according to claim 13 wherein (A) is selected from the group consisting of a polyalkene or derivative thereof, an ethylene-to-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, an ethylene-carboxylic reagent copolymer unsaturated, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a hydrogenated interpolymer of an alkenylarene and a conjugated diene, and mixtures thereof. 15. The composition according to claim 13 wherein (A) -... is a polyalkene having an Mw of about 1,500 to about 40,000. 16. The composition according to claim 13 wherein (A) is a polyalkene having an Mw of from about 1,000 to about 15,000. 17. The composition according to claim 13 wherein (A) is a polyalkene derived from at least one olefin having from * A to about 30 carbon atoms. The composition according to claim 13 wherein the fluidizing agent (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthenic oil, poly-α-olefins having a kinematic viscosity of about 3 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C, and carboxylic acid esters. The composition according to claim 13 wherein the fluidizing agent (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of poly-α-olefins having a kinematic viscosity of about 3 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C and a hydrocarbon aromatic. The composition according to claim 13 which further comprises (C) from about 0.05% to 10% by weight of at least one anti-wear or extreme pressure agent, (D) a total of at least about 1.5% by weight weight of one or more antioxidants, or mixtures of two or more thereof. The composition according to claim 13 which further comprises an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.04% by weight of nitrogen to the lubricant composition. 22. A concentrate comprising a substantially inert organic diluent, (A) at least one polymer and (B) at least one-a fluidizing agent wherein a lubricant formulated with the concentrate has a shear loss of less than about 15% on the 20 hour tapered roller bearing shear test. The concentrate according to claim 22 wherein (A) is selected from the group consisting of a polyalkylene or derivative thereof, an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, an unsaturated carboxylic reagent-ethylene, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, and a hydrogenated y-interpolymer of an alkenylarene and a conjugated diene. 24. The concentrate according to claim 22 wherein (A) is polyisobutylene. The composition according to claim 22 wherein the fluidizing agent (B) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthenic oil, poly-α-olefins having a kinematic viscosity of about 3 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C, and carboxylic acid esters. 26. The concentrate according to claim 22 further comprising one or more members selected from the group consisting of (C) at least one anti-wear or extreme pressure agent, (D) an amount, sufficient to provide a - at least at least about

1.5% by weight to a fully formulated lubricant, of one or more antioxidants, (E) to about 5% by weight of at least one dispersant or mixtures of two or more of them.