[go: up one dir, main page]

MX2017010010A - Metodos de uso de composiciones polimericas reticuladas en operaciones en formaciones subterraneas. - Google Patents

Metodos de uso de composiciones polimericas reticuladas en operaciones en formaciones subterraneas.

Info

Publication number
MX2017010010A
MX2017010010A MX2017010010A MX2017010010A MX2017010010A MX 2017010010 A MX2017010010 A MX 2017010010A MX 2017010010 A MX2017010010 A MX 2017010010A MX 2017010010 A MX2017010010 A MX 2017010010A MX 2017010010 A MX2017010010 A MX 2017010010A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
repeating unit
reticulated
operations
methods
reagents
Prior art date
Application number
MX2017010010A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
MX375833B (es
Inventor
Zhou Hui
Zha Weibin
A Galindo Kay
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services Inc filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Publication of MX2017010010A publication Critical patent/MX2017010010A/es
Publication of MX375833B publication Critical patent/MX375833B/es

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/588—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/10—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
    • C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/512—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds containing cross-linking agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/887—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds containing cross-linking agents

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un método que comprende introducir un fluido de tratamiento en una formación subterránea, donde el fluido de tratamiento comprende un fluido base y un polímero reticulado, donde el polímero reticulado comprende reactivos de una primera unidad de repetición, una segunda unidad de repetición y un agente de reticulación que reaccionan para formar el polímero reticulado, donde la primera unidad de repetición es un monómero que contiene ácido sulfónico presente de 50 % a 99 % en peso de los reactivos, donde la segunda unidad de repetición se selecciona del grupo que consiste en un monómero que contiene N-vinilamida, un monómero que contiene un enlace doble terminal, y cualquier combinación de estos, y se encuentra presente de 1 % a 50 % en peso de los reactivos, y donde el agente de reticulación comprende al menos dos enlaces olefínicos.
MX2017010010A 2015-02-23 2015-02-23 Métodos de uso de composiciones poliméricas reticuladas en operaciones en formaciones subterráneas. MX375833B (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2015/017107 WO2016137434A1 (en) 2015-02-23 2015-02-23 Methods of use for crosslinked polymer compositions in subterranean formation operations

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
MX2017010010A true MX2017010010A (es) 2017-10-24
MX375833B MX375833B (es) 2025-03-06

Family

ID=56789112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MX2017010010A MX375833B (es) 2015-02-23 2015-02-23 Métodos de uso de composiciones poliméricas reticuladas en operaciones en formaciones subterráneas.

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10336850B2 (es)
AU (1) AU2015384202B2 (es)
BR (1) BR112017015922A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2974489A1 (es)
GB (1) GB2549659B (es)
MX (1) MX375833B (es)
NO (1) NO20171081A1 (es)
WO (1) WO2016137434A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2549657B (en) 2015-02-23 2022-04-06 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Crosslinked polymer compositions for use in subterranean formation operations
GB2549658B (en) 2015-02-23 2021-12-08 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations
US10407526B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2019-09-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Crosslinked polymer compositions with two crosslinkers for use in subterranean formation operations
US10280354B2 (en) * 2016-08-04 2019-05-07 Cnpc Usa Corporation Polymer system for fluid loss control
CN114426619B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-11-18 中国石油大学(北京) 双交联网络体系油基堵漏凝胶聚合物及其制备方法和应用
US12428588B2 (en) * 2023-09-25 2025-09-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Synergistic viscosifiers for clay-free, water-based drilling fluids
WO2025117284A1 (en) * 2023-11-30 2025-06-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Drilling fluids including core-shell polymer particles, and related methods
US12371604B1 (en) 2024-04-08 2025-07-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drilling fluid additives for high-density reservoir drilling fluids
US20250314141A1 (en) * 2024-04-08 2025-10-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluid loss control additives for drilling fluids
US12344793B1 (en) 2024-04-08 2025-07-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Divalent-brine-based high density drilling fluids

Family Cites Families (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2931897A1 (de) * 1979-08-06 1981-02-26 Cassella Ag Wasserloesliches copolymerisat und seine herstellung
US4404111A (en) * 1981-02-06 1983-09-13 Atlantic Richfield Company N,N-Dimethylacrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers for enhanced petroleum recovery
US4678591A (en) 1986-04-07 1987-07-07 Nalco Chemical Company Terpolymer composition for aqueous drilling fluids
WO1991003938A1 (en) 1989-09-20 1991-04-04 Ecolab Incorporated Antimicrobial polymeric coating
US5100931A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-31 Phillips Petroleum Company Gelation of acrylamide-containing polymers with hydroxyphenylalkanols
US5525657A (en) 1994-10-11 1996-06-11 Basf Corporation Latex composition employing specifically defined ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer surfactant and hydrophobic defoaming agent
US5620947A (en) 1994-12-27 1997-04-15 Exxon Production Research Company Water-based high temperature well servicing composition and method of using same
US5547022A (en) 1995-05-03 1996-08-20 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Heavy oil well stimulation composition and process
US5789349A (en) 1996-03-13 1998-08-04 M-I Drilling Fluids, L.L.C. Water-based drilling fluids with high temperature fluid loss control additive
DE19905639A1 (de) 1999-02-11 2000-08-17 Clariant Gmbh Wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare Polymerisate
CA2374486A1 (en) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Edward E. Miller Polymer compositions
DE10000648A1 (de) 2000-01-11 2001-07-12 Clariant Gmbh Wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare vernetzte Copolymere
US6465397B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2002-10-15 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Synthetic crosslinked copolymer solutions and direct injection to subterranean oil and gas formations
US6465587B1 (en) 2000-12-08 2002-10-15 Hercules Incorporated Polymeric fluid loss additives and method of use thereof
DE10119338A1 (de) 2001-04-20 2002-10-24 Clariant Gmbh Verwendung von Copolymerisaten auf Basis von Acrylamidoalkylsulfonsäuren als Verdicker in Zubereitungen enthaltend organische Lösemittel
US6846870B2 (en) 2001-08-23 2005-01-25 Sunoco, Inc. (R&M) Hydrotalcites, syntheses, and uses
US6620900B2 (en) 2002-02-07 2003-09-16 Isp Investments Inc. Proliferous copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate
US7098171B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2006-08-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Synthetic filtration control polymers for wellbore fluids
US7448450B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2008-11-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drilling and cementing with fluids containing zeolite
US7211549B2 (en) 2004-04-26 2007-05-01 M-I L.L.C. Spotting fluid for use with oil-based muds and method of use
EP1773485B1 (en) 2004-06-07 2015-09-16 Natrix Separations Inc. Stable composite material comprising supported porous gels
US7150322B2 (en) 2004-08-24 2006-12-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising environmentally compatible defoamers and methods of use
JP2006243646A (ja) 2005-03-07 2006-09-14 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 熱現像感光材料
US20070179078A1 (en) 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Collin Jennifer R Rheology modifier for aqueous systems
US7651980B2 (en) 2006-02-02 2010-01-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated High temperature filtration control using water based drilling fluid systems comprising water soluble polymers
US7713917B2 (en) * 2006-05-08 2010-05-11 Bj Services Company Thermal insulation compositions containing organic solvent and gelling agent and methods of using the same
US20080135247A1 (en) 2006-12-12 2008-06-12 Hutchins Richard D Fracturing Fluid Loss Control Agent
US20080227665A1 (en) 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Ryan Ezell Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods
DE102007059844A1 (de) 2007-12-12 2009-06-25 Basf Construction Polymers Gmbh Copolymer auf Basis einer Sulfonsäure-haltigen Verbindung
DE102007061969A1 (de) 2007-12-21 2008-07-17 Clariant International Limited Wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare Polymere auf Basis von Salzen der Acryloyldimethyltaurinsäure oder ihrer Derivate, deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung als Verdicker, Stabilisator und Konsistenzgeber
EA201170564A1 (ru) 2008-10-13 2011-12-30 Эм-Ай Эл. Эл. Си. Свободные от хрома скважинные флюиды на водной основе
EP2985299B1 (en) 2009-03-31 2020-01-01 ISP Investments LLC Polymers having n-vinyl amide and hydroxyl moieties
US8685900B2 (en) 2009-04-03 2014-04-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of using fluid loss additives comprising micro gels
WO2010126925A2 (en) 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 M-I L.L.C. Wellbore fluids employing sacrificial viscosifiers
WO2010133573A2 (en) 2009-05-19 2010-11-25 L'oreal Dyeing composition comprising a secondary para-phenylenediamine oxidation base and a thickening polymer
WO2011135039A1 (en) 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 Basf Se Rheology modifying and setting polymer, composition thereof and method for making it
WO2012030750A2 (en) 2010-09-02 2012-03-08 Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. Polymers and compositions
US8623791B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2014-01-07 China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Copolymer and preparation method and application thereof
US9022147B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2015-05-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drilling fluid that when mixed with a cement composition enhances physical properties of the cement composition
CN106896422B (zh) 2011-06-09 2021-03-23 爱尔康公司 具有纳米纹理化表面的硅氧烷水凝胶透镜
FR2977489B1 (fr) 2011-07-07 2014-03-21 Oreal Procedes de traitement cosmetique et kit
US20130056215A1 (en) 2011-09-07 2013-03-07 Baker Hughes Incorporated Disintegrative Particles to Release Agglomeration Agent for Water Shut-Off Downhole
US20130105161A1 (en) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Delayed, Swellable Particles for Prevention of Fluid Migration Through Damaged Cement Sheaths
US10414963B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2019-09-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High-temperature crosslinked polymer for use in a well
US10017680B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2018-07-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Crosslinked N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers for use in subterranean formations and wells
US10407526B2 (en) * 2015-02-23 2019-09-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Crosslinked polymer compositions with two crosslinkers for use in subterranean formation operations
GB2549657B (en) * 2015-02-23 2022-04-06 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Crosslinked polymer compositions for use in subterranean formation operations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2549659A (en) 2017-10-25
US20170369617A1 (en) 2017-12-28
NO20171081A1 (en) 2017-06-30
GB2549659B (en) 2021-12-22
AU2015384202B2 (en) 2018-04-19
US10336850B2 (en) 2019-07-02
AU2015384202A1 (en) 2017-07-13
GB201711339D0 (en) 2017-08-30
CA2974489A1 (en) 2016-09-01
WO2016137434A1 (en) 2016-09-01
MX375833B (es) 2025-03-06
BR112017015922A2 (pt) 2018-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MX2017010010A (es) Metodos de uso de composiciones polimericas reticuladas en operaciones en formaciones subterraneas.
MX2017010449A (es) Composiciones de polimeros reticulados con dos agentes reticulantes para su uso en operaciones en formaciones subterraneas.
EA201892155A1 (ru) Составы и способы
AR087823A1 (es) Agentes de reticulacion multifuncionales de acido boronico y metodos asociados
AR097699A1 (es) Composición de fluido de perforación que incluye viscosificador y método para su utilización
BR112017003050A2 (pt) método e sistema para o tratamento de uma formação subterrânea, composição curável para o tratamento de uma formação subterrânea, e, método de preparo de uma composição curável para o tratamento de uma formação subterrânea
MX2016002808A (es) Composicion de los fluidos que contiene polivinilpirrolidona reticulada para aplicaciones en yacimientos de petroleo.
NZ738328A (en) Fluids and methods for treating hydrocarbon-bearing formations
AR102453A1 (es) Aditivo de nanocristales de celulosa o nanofibrillas de celulosa modificadas de forma química
AR102378A1 (es) Particulados recubiertos con agente de ruptura para usar en operaciones de formaciones subterráneas
MX2016001596A (es) Modificadores de la movilidad del fluido para mejor produccion en formaciones subterraneas.
AR103681A1 (es) Viscosificantes poliméricos para utilizar en fluidos de perforación a base de agua
BR112018008679A2 (pt) método e uso de um aditivo para aumento de propriedades de retenção.
MX2016007535A (es) Aditivo de perdida de fluidos para fluidos de perforacion a base de agua con estabilidad termica mejorada.
GB2550514A (en) Drilling fluids with crosslinked sulfonate-containing polymers dispersed in high density brines
AR102452A1 (es) Aditivo de nanocristales o nanofibrillas de celulosa y un segundo polímero
AR099022A1 (es) Polímero de acrilamida reticulado o gel del copolímero y composiciones para reducir la viscosidad y métodos de uso
GB2541627A (en) Set on demand compositions
GB2555292A (en) Star macromolecules for wellbore applications
AR099525A1 (es) Polímeros sintéticos hidratables para uso en la fractura de fluidos, métodos y uso de los mismos
GB2553938A (en) Segregating fluids, methods of making, and methods of use
AR101826A1 (es) Aglutinantes para adhesivos para pisos
GB2549658A (en) Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations
MX2019007216A (es) Caucho de nitrilo que contiene grupo carboxilo, metodo para producir el mismo, composicion de caucho de nitrilo reticulable, y caucho reticulado.
GB2543241A (en) Synthetic crosslinked polymer additive for use in subterranean treatment fluids

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Grant or registration