MX2014006721A - Metalworking fluid composition and method for its use in the machining of compacted graphite iron. - Google Patents
Metalworking fluid composition and method for its use in the machining of compacted graphite iron.Info
- Publication number
- MX2014006721A MX2014006721A MX2014006721A MX2014006721A MX2014006721A MX 2014006721 A MX2014006721 A MX 2014006721A MX 2014006721 A MX2014006721 A MX 2014006721A MX 2014006721 A MX2014006721 A MX 2014006721A MX 2014006721 A MX2014006721 A MX 2014006721A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fluid composition
- iron
- machining
- composition according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 340
- 229910001126 Compacted graphite iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010690 paraffinic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BTGGRPUPMPLZNT-PGEUSFDPSA-N 2,2-bis[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxymethyl]butyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BTGGRPUPMPLZNT-PGEUSFDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000132092 Aster Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000490229 Eucephalus Species 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AMZKGJLFYCZDMJ-WRBBJXAJSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxypropyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC AMZKGJLFYCZDMJ-WRBBJXAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXNODNKXIIQMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-decanoyloxy-2,2-bis(decanoyloxymethyl)propyl] decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC MXNODNKXIIQMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005628 alkoxylated polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940101267 panthenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020957 pantothenol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011619 pantothenol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
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- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
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- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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Abstract
Compositions and methods for reducing toolwear during iron-machining, including applying a composition comprising water; a lubricant ester; and a sulfur-containing lubricant additive.
Description
FLUID COMPOSITION FOR METALLURGY AND METHOD FOR USE IN COMPACT GRAPHITE IRON MACHINING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cast iron can be used in the production of many industrial components. Certain types of cast irons such as compacted graphite iron can be difficult to machine; The cutting and milling of metals often necessary in the manufacture of industrial components can present challenges and resulting difficulties in, for example, fast and accelerated speeds of wear of the tool, as well as in the reduction of the quality of the piece produced.
With much ongoing effort in the industry to replace standard gray cast irons with compacted graphite iron to produce lighter and higher strength parts, it is useful to describe the structural and compositional differences that give rise to differences in the properties of the material and machinability of these two metals. Gray cast iron has traditionally been used for the production of engine blocks, cylinder heads, as well as various other automotive components. The graphite in the gray cast iron has a structure in the form of flake. The predominance of the interconnection of graphite flakes gives rise to a high level of
REF. : 249007
discontinuities and effects of stress concentration in the matrix and, subsequently, gives rise to the characteristic properties of gray irons such as good thermal conductivity, damping capacity, and good machinability properties. In this way, gray cast iron is easily machined at low production costs (high metal removal speeds with long tool life). Unlike gray cast iron, compacted graphite iron has a graphite structure very similar to that of corals. Such a graphite structure produces lower levels of discontinuities and stress concentration effects within the metal, resulting in higher strength and toughness properties, as well as lower machinability.
In addition to differences in graphite structure, there are significant differences between the composition of gray cast iron and compacted graphite iron, which are also largely responsible for differences in the machinability of these two metals. The presence of sulfur in gray cast iron is considered to be a critical factor associated with the high machinability of this metal.
Due to these two factors (graphite morphology and sulfur concentration) the machinability of compacted graphite iron is considerably lower, and tool wear is considerably higher than
the one experienced in gray cast iron machining. Previously reported studies show that tool life for compacted graphite iron milling and drilling operations can be half, while it has been seen that tool life in compacted graphite iron drilling operations is only one-tenth of the one obtained in comparable machining operations with gray cast iron. Therefore, it has become clear that there has been a need for technological advances that allow a better and more economical machining of compacted graphite iron. Research and development in the areas of tool engineering, optimization of machining conditions, the composition of compacted graphite iron, as well as the composition of metallurgy fluids. The present invention describes new fluid compositions and methods of use that can provide a longer tool life and part quality in the machining of common grades of compacted graphite iron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to some embodiments of the present invention, an iron machined composition includes water, a lubricating ester and a lubricant additive containing sulfur. In some embodiments, a lubricating ester or combination of lubricating esters is present in a
amount of about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight, and can include a polyol ester; an ester based on glycerol; and / or an ester selected from the C2 to C18 fatty acid esters of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1, 3-propanediol, 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol and 1,2,3-propanediol. Suitable esters can also include those produced by the initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by subsequent esterification, to produce a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester. Suitable esters also include those produced by the condensation of hydroxyl-functionalized fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, to produce oligomeric and polymeric esters.
In some embodiments, a sulfur-containing lubricant additive is present in an amount of about 0.1 wt.% To about 20 wt.% And may include sulfurized alpha, tri and branched di-alkyl polysulfides, sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, esters complex sulfurides, and / or dialkyl polysulide selected from those having a formula: CH3-C (Ri) (R2) - (CH2) n-) x-Sm, where ¾ = H or CH3, R2 = H or CH3 , n = 8-20, x = 1-2, and m = 2-7.
In some embodiments, an iron machining composition includes fatty acids such as those
they contain saturated and unsaturated chains of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms, in an amount of from about 0 wt% to about 12 wt%.
In some embodiments, an iron machining composition includes from about 0% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of amine compounds having a formula Ri (R2) -N-R3, wherein Ri = H, CH3 or -CH2CH2OH, R2 = H, CH3- (CH2) n, wherein n = 0-22, -CH2CH20H, or cyclic C6Hn, and R3 = - (CH2CH20) mH wherein m = 1 -12, CH3- (CH2 ) xO-, where x = 0-8, or cyclic C6Hn.
In some embodiments, an iron machining composition includes about 0% by weight to about 30% by weight of a boric acid-amine adduct whereby the boric acid-amine adduct can be composed of a mixture of one or more structures, including the amine salts of boric acid, boric acid-alkanolamine esters including cyclic boroxine esters, and polyamory amine salts.
In some embodiments, an iron machining composition includes from about 0 wt% to about 50 wt% of a mineral oil. Suitable mineral oils may be pure or a mixture of mineral oils such as naphthenic and paraffinic oils of between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade.
In some embodiments, an iron machining composition includes about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers.
According to some embodiments, an iron machining method includes applying a fluid composition of the present invention (referred to as liquid concentrate) as a dilution in water whereby before use in machining, the composition of the present invention is first diluted with water to give between 1% to 100% concentration of the liquid concentrate. In some embodiments, such an application can reduce tool wear during iron machining such as by about 5% to about 90% compared to conventional lubricating fluids. In some embodiments, the machined iron is compacted graphite iron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 shows the axial forces measured during drilling.
Figure 2 shows the torque measured during drilling.
Figure 3 illustrates tool wear after drilling.
Figure 4 shows tool wear with various machining fluids.
Figure 5 shows the cutting forces with various machining fluids.
Figure 6 shows the tool wear obtained in the perforations.
Figure 7 shows the surface finish measured on one hundred and thirty reaming holes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The compositions and methods of some embodiments of the present invention relate to fluid metallurgy compositions and methods for use in the machining of metal, such as iron. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present invention relate to the machining of iron with compacted graphite (also called "CGI" or "vermicular iron"). In some embodiments, the fluid compositions and methods of application of the present invention which, when used in the processes of cutting and milling metals made in iron such as compacted graphite iron, can significantly extend the useful life of the tools used by effective reduction of wear, and can improve the quality of the piece produced. In some embodiments, the fluid compositions of the present invention include at least one ester lubricant in combination with a sulfur-containing lubricant additive.
Aster lubricant
In some embodiments, the fluid compositions of the present invention include one or more aster lubricants. Suitable ester lubricants can include polyol and natural carboxylic esters such as esters of branched chain long chain (C12-C22) carboxylic acids or mono, di and polybasic cyclic alcohols. Suitable ester lubricants may also include esters of alkoxylated polyols such as esters of long chain (C12-C22) branched chain carboxylic acids or mono, di and polybasic cyclic alcohols, whereby the polybasic alcohol is alkoxylated prior to formation of the carboxylic ester. Suitable esters can also include those produced by the condensation of hydroxyl-functionalized fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, to produce oligomeric and polymeric esters. In some embodiments, suitable ester lubricants include esters containing a carboxylic acid moiety selected from carboxylic acids with saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains of from 12 to 22 carbons in length, whereby the fatty acid (s) is reacted with a mono or polyfunctional alcohol selected from, but not limited to, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2, 2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1, 3-propanediol and 1,2,3-
propanotriol, to form the ester useful within the present invention.
In some embodiments, a fluid composition contains an ester lubricant in an amount of about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 40% by weight of the fluid composition, -about 3% by weight to about 35% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition;
about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; about 24% by weight of the fluid composition; about 26% by weight of the fluid composition; about 28% by weight of the fluid composition; about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 32% by weight of the fluid composition; about 34% by weight of the fluid composition; about 36% by weight of the fluid composition; about 38% by weight of the fluid composition; about 40% by weight of the fluid composition, -about 42% by weight of the fluid composition; about 44% by weight of the fluid composition; about 46% by weight of the fluid composition; about 48% by weight of: the fluid composition; and about 50% by weight of the fluid composition.
Sulfur-Containing Lubricant Additives In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more sulfur-containing lubricant additives. Suitable sulfur-containing additives may include sulfurized alpha olefins, tri-and di-branched alkyl polysulfides, sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, complex sulfurized esters and / or dialkyl polysulfides.
In some embodiments, suitable sulfur-containing compounds include structures such as those shown in Formula 1:
Formula 1: CH3-C (¾) (R2) - (CH2) n-) X-Sm
where Rx = H or CH3, R2 = H or CH3, n = 8-20, x =
1-2, and m = 2-7.
In some embodiments, a fluid composition includes a lubricant additive containing sulfur in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.2% by weight to about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.3% by weight to about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.4% by weight to about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight to about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.6% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.7% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.8% by weight to about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.9% by weight to about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition;
about 0.2% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.4% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.6% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.8% by weight of the fluid composition about 1% by weight of the fluid composition about 2% by weight of the fluid composition about 3% by weight of the fluid composition about 4% by weight of the fluid composition about 5% by weight of the fluid composition about 6% by weight of the fluid composition approximately 7% by weight of the fluid composition about 8% by weight of the fluid composition about 9% by weight of the fluid composition about 10% by weight of the fluid composition about 12% by weight of the fluid composition about 14% by weight of the fluid composition. the fluid composition about 16% by weight of the fluid composition about 18% by weight of the to fluid composition; < about 20% by weight of the fluid composition
In addition to the above two components of the metallurgy fluid, the composition of this invention may also contain other compounds commonly used in many metal cutting lubricating fluids. Such compounds and the concentration of such compounds are described below.
Fatty acids
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes fatty acids. Suitable fatty acids may include, but are not limited to, those of 12 to 22 carbon atoms in chain length incorporated in the formula as a single type of fatty acid or as a combination of two or more fatty acids.
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes fatty acids in an amount of about 0% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition, -approximately 5% by weight of the fluid composition;
about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; 1 to 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 13% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 30% by weight of the fluid composition.
Amines
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine or mixture of amine compounds. Suitable amines may include, but are not limited to those having a formula Ri (R2) -N-R3, wherein Ri = H, CH3 or -CH2CH2OH, R2 = H, CH3- (CH2) n, wherein n = 0-22, -CH2CH2OH, or cyclic C6Hn, and R3 = - (CH2CH20) mH where m = 1-12, CH3- (CH2) xO-, where x = 0-8, or cyclic C6Hn. Such amines include ethanolamine, triethanolamine,
2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine.
In certain embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine or mixture of amines in an amount of about 0% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 11% by weight of the fluid composition;
about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 13% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 30% by weight of the fluid composition.
Adducts of amine-boric acid
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes a boric acid-amine adduct wherein the boric acid-amine adduct can be composed of a mixture of one or more structures including the amine salts of boric acid, esters of boric acid alkanolamine including cyclic boroxine esters, as well as polyamory amine salts. Suitable adducts can be prepared by the reaction of boric acid with a single or mixtures of amines selected from, but not limited to, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine, reacted either in stoichiometric amounts or with a slight excess of the amine component.
In certain embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine-boric acid adduct.
in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight to about 17% by weight of fluid composition; approximately
about 15% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition about 1% by weight of the fluid composition about 2% by weight of the fluid composition about 3% by weight of the fluid composition about 4% by weight of the fluid composition about 5% by weight of the fluid composition, about 6% by weight of the fluid composition, about 7% by weight of the fluid composition, about 8% by weight of the fluid composition, fluid composition, approximately 9% by weight of the fluid composition, approximately 10% by weight of the fluid composition, approximately 11% by weight of the fluid composition, approximately 12% by weight of the fluid composition, approximately 13% by weight of the fluid composition, fluid composition, approximately 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition;
about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 30% by weight of the fluid composition.
Amine salt of dicarboxylic acid
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine salt of a short chain dicarboxylic acid. Amine salts of suitable short chain dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, those in which the amine diacid acid salt is composed of a single or a mixture of selected amines of monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino -2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine, reacted with a short chain dicarboxylic acid selected from those containing between 4-12 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, a fluid composition includes one or more amine salts of a short chain dicarboxylic acid in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1.5% by weight a
about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 20% by weight of the fluid composition.
Mineral oil
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes a mineral oil. The suitable mineral oils can be pure or a mixture of oils
minerals such as naphthenic and paraffinic oils. In some embodiments, a mineral oil or mixture of suitable mineral oils may have a final viscosity of about 5 cSt to about 35 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; about 10 cSt at about 30 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; about 15 cSt at about 25 cSt at 40 degrees centric; approximately 5 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; around 10 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; approximately 15 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; around 20 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; approximately 25 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; approximately 30 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; or around 35 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius.
In certain embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes a mineral oil or a mixture of mineral oils in an amount of about 0% by weight to about 75% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 75% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 70% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 65% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 60% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight to about 55% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight a
about 50% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 45% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight to about 40% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight to about 35% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition, -about 20% by weight to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0. 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 35% by weight of the fluid composition; about 40% by weight of the fluid composition; about 45% by weight of the luide composition; about 50% by weight of the fluid composition; about 55% by weight of the fluid composition; about 60% by weight of the fluid composition; approximately 65% by weight of the
fluid composition; about 70% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 75% by weight of the fluid composition.
Emu1sionantes
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers may include, but are not limited to, a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metallurgy fluids. In some embodiments, suitable emulsifiers include alkali metal salts of alkylaryl-, alkyl- and aryl-sulfonic acids; long chain alkoxylated alcohols of between C 12 -C 22 in length; polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymers; and ethoxylated alkyl phenols.
In some embodiments, a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more emulsifiers in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight to about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight to about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight to about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight a
about 11% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0. 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 11% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 13% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 19% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 20% by weight of the fluid composition
Composition
A fluid metallurgy composition described in accordance with the present invention and suitable for use in the machining of iron, such as compacted graphite iron consists of:
a) about 5% by weight to about 40% by weight of a lubricating ester or combination of lubricating esters selected from synthetic polyol fatty acid esters, such as trimethylolpropane trioleate, pentaerythritol tetradecanoate, neopentyl glycol dioleate, and oleate of isopropyl, as well as those produced by the initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by subsequent esterification, to produce a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester. As well as those produced by the condensation of fatty acids nitrogenized with hydroxyl, such as ricinoleic acid, to produce oligomeric and polymeric esters.
b) about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight of a sulfur-containing compound selected from branched di-alkyl polysulfides, sulfurized alpha-olefins and complex sulfurized fatty acids and fatty acid esters;
c) about 0% by weight to about 12% by weight of fatty acids selected from those between
12 and 22 carbon atoms in chain length that can be incorporated in the fluid as a single fatty acid or as a combination of two or more fatty acids;
d) about 3% by weight to about 15% by weight of an amine or mixture of amine compounds, selected from, but not limited to those having a formula R1 (R2) -N-R3, wherein Rx = H, CH3 or -CH2CH2OH, R2 = H, CH3- (CH2) n, where n = 0-22, -CH2CH20H, or cyclic C6Hn, and R3 = - (CH2CH20) mH where m = 1 -12, CH3- ( CH2) xO-, where x = 0-8, or cyclic C6Hn. Such amines include ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine.
e) about 0% by weight to about 15% by weight of a boric acid-amine adduct whereby the boric acid-amine adduct can be composed of a mixture of one or more structures including the acid amine salts boric acid, boric acid-alkanolamine esters including cyclic boroxine esters, as well as polyamory amine salts.
f) about 0 wt% to about 40 wt% of a naphthenic or paraffinic base mineral oil with a room temperature viscosity of between about 4 cSt to about 28 cSt.
Such fluid compositions, when mixed in an amount of about 2% by weight to about
15% by weight in water, and used in iron machining such as compacted graphite iron, produce a significant decrease in the wear rate of the tool that is produced, as well as a marked improvement in the quality of the machined part .
In another embodiment of the present invention, a fluid useful for an improvement in the machining of iron, such as compacted graphite iron, includes:
a) about 5% by weight to about 15% by weight of a lubricating ester or combination of lubricating esters selected from Cia's 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol fatty acid esters, 1, 1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) panthenol, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol and 1,2,3-propanediol;
b) about 2% by weight to about 5% by weight of a dialkyl polysulfide selected from those according to Formula 1 wherein ¾ = CH 3, R 2 = CH 3, n = 8-10 and m = 3-5;
c) about 6% by weight to about 12% by weight of fatty acids selected from those containing saturated and unsaturated chains of between 16 and 22 carbon atoms;
d) about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of amine compounds, such as those described by Formula 2:
Formula 2: Ri (R2) -N-R
wherein Rx = H or -CH2CH2OH, R2 = H, or -CH2CH2OH, or cyclic C6Hn, and R3 = or -CH2CH2OH, or cyclic C6Hn;
e) about 10% by weight to about 14% by weight of a boric acid-amine adduct according to the structure shown in Formula 3:
Formula 3: B (0"HN + (CH2CH2OH) n) m
where n = m = 3;
f) about 30% by weight to about 40% by weight of a naphthenic-based mineral oil with a viscosity at ambient pressure of between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; Y
g) about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metallurgy fluids.
Such fluid compositions, when mixed in an amount of about 3% by weight to about 15% in water, and used in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a noticeable decrease in the tool wear rate that it occurs, as well as a remarkable improvement in the quality of the machined part. Results of the machining tests described below show the utility and the progress made with such compositions in the machining of iron, such as iron with compacted graphite.
In some embodiments, the fluid compositions of the present invention can be mixed with water to prepare a dilution. In some embodiments, the fluid compositions of the present invention may be mixed in water in an amount of about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the dilution; about 2% by weight to about 25% by weight of the dilution; about 3% by weight to about 20% by weight of the dilution; about 3% by weight to about 17% by weight of the dilution; about 4% by weight to about 15% by weight of the dilution; about 1% by weight of the dilution; about 2% by weight of the dilution; about 3% by weight of the dilution; about 4% by weight of the dilution; about 5% by weight of the dilution; about 6% by weight of the dilution; about 7% by weight of the dilution; about 8% by weight of the dilution; about 9% by weight of the dilution; about 10% by weight of the dilution; about 11% by weight of the dilution; about 12% by weight of the dilution; about 13% by weight of the dilution; about 14% by weight of the dilution; about 15% by weight of the dilution; about 17% by weight of the dilution; about 20% by weight of the dilution about 25% by weight of the dilution; or about 30% by weight of the dilution.
In some embodiments, the use of fluid compositions according to embodiments of the present invention during the machining of iron, such as compacted graphite iron, results in a reduction in tool wear compared to conventional fluids, of approximately 5% a approximately 95%; about 10% to about 90%; about 15% to about 85%; about 20% to about 80%; about 25% to about 75%; about 30% to about 70%; about 35% to about 65%; about 40% to about 60%; approximately 5%; approximately 10%; approximately 15%; approximately 20%; approximately 25%; approximately 30%; approximately 35%; approximately 40%; approximately 45%; approximately 50%; approximately 55%; at approximately 60%; approximately 65%; approximately 70%; approximately 75%; around 80%; approximately 85%; approximately 90%; or around 95%.
Examples
To evaluate the performance of a preferred composition as described according to the present invention, the perforation of Grade 450 compacted graphite iron was carried out. Drilling is a process by which holes are made in the metal of
metallurgy, and in such, greater quantities of metal are removed, which typically requires higher cutting forces and gives rise to more severe mechanical and thermal conditions in the process. The evaluation of the fluid performance is made by measuring the cutting forces and tool wear that occurs during the drilling operation.
Example 1
In this example, a standard conventional ferrous machining fluid was evaluated with respect to a fluid described according to embodiments of the present invention.
Fluid A, useful for the improvement in the machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention containing:
a) about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight of ester lubricant;
b) about 3% by weight to about 7% by weight of a sulfur additive;
c) 8% by weight to about 16% by weight of mineral oil; Y
d) the rest being amines, boric acid, fatty acids and emulsifiers.
Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 8%. The machining conditions are as follows:
The axial and torsional machining forces (tangential forces) measured during drilling provide a useful indication of the friction in the cutting zone and the lubrication provided by the cutting fluid. The change in the forces measured by continuing the drilling can provide a useful indirect measure of the change or deterioration in the condition of the tool, typically derived from the wear of the tool and / or adhesion of the metal at the cutting edge. As seen in the results obtained and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the use of Fluid A (embodiment of the present invention) allows the machining of compacted graphite iron at considerably lower cutting forces and change in forces in relation to what occurs when using conventional ferrous machining fluid (Fluid B).
When evaluating the impact on wear of the tool that is produced, it can be seen that the wear and tear of
flank formed in the bore used during machining with the conventional ferrous machining fluid (Fluid B) resulted in approximately 69.2% greater wear on the face of incidence of the cutting edge of the tool, relative to that obtained when the composition was used fluid described in the present invention (Fluid A). Thus, from both the measured cutting forces and the measured tool wear, the benefit and utility offered by the composition described in the present invention is clearly seen in the drilling operation performed.
Example 2
Fluid D, useful for the improvement in the machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention containing:
a) approximately 22% by weight to approximately
28% by weight of a lubricating ester selected from Ci8 fatty acid ester of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane or 1, 2, 3 -propanotriol;
b) about 2% by weight to about 5% by weight of a dialkyl polysulfide selected from those according to Formula 1 wherein Rx = CH3, R2 = CH3f n = 8-10 and m = 3-5;
c) about 3% by weight to about 6% by weight of fatty acids comprising those which include saturated alkyl chains of between 10 to 16 carbon atoms
carbon together with carboxylic acids of longer chain length comprising saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains of between 18 to 22 carbon atoms in length.
d) about 3% by weight to about 8% by weight of a mixture of amine compounds, consisting of those described by Formula 2, wherein ¾ = H or -CH3 > R2 = -CH2CH2OH or cyclic C6H, and R3 = -CH2CH2OH, or cyclic C6Hn;
e) about 35% by weight to about 45% by weight of a naphthenic-based mineral oil with a viscosity at ambient pressure of between about 15 cSt to about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; Y
f) about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metallurgy fluids.
Such fluid compositions, when in an amount of about 4% by weight to 15% by weight in water, and used in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a noticeable decrease in the wear rate of the tool that it occurs, as well as a remarkable improvement in the quality of the machined part. Fluid D was tested in drilling tests together with two compacted graphite iron machining fluids currently used which are based on fluid compositions of
conventional ferrous machining. These two fluids designated Fluid C and Fluid E, both represent the state of the technology available for the machining of compacted graphite iron prior to that of the current fluid compositions described in this invention. Fluid A is also included in this test and comparison.
The tool wear results measured during the drilling of compacted graphite iron using the four fluids are shown below in Figures 3 and 4. The results show that Fluid A and Fluid D clearly produce a significant reduction in tool wear. , and therefore extend the useful life of the tool. The results show that Fluid A and Fluid D result in a range of tool wear reduction of between about 22% to about 46% which represents a significant benefit with respect to the machining operations and the cost associated with the process.
Example 3
The Fluid F, useful for the improvement in the machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention containing:
a) about 12% by weight to about 18% by weight of a lubricating ester or combination of lubricating esters selected from the fatty acid esters of
Cis of 2,2-dimethyl-l, 3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) - 1,3-propanediol and 1,2,3-propanediol;
b) between 2 and 5% of a dialkyl polysulfide selected from those according to Formula 1 wherein Ri = CH3, R2 = CH3, n = 8-10 and m = 5-8;
c) about 1% by weight to about 7% by weight of fatty acids selected from those containing saturated and unsaturated chains of between 16 and 22 carbon atoms;
d) about 8% by weight to about 14% by weight of a mixture of amine compounds, consisting of those described by Formula 2, wherein Rx = H or -CH3 or -CH2CH20H, R2 = H or -CH2CH2OH, and R3 = -CH2CH20H, or C3H6OH;
e) about 5% by weight to about 9% by weight of an amine salt of boric acid according to the structure shown in Formula 3:
Formula 3: B (Cf HN + (CH2CH20H) n) m
where n = m = 3;
f) about 40% by weight to about
55% by weight of a naphthenic-based mineral oil with a viscosity at ambient pressure of between 15-30 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; Y
g) about 4% by weight to about 15% by weight of a mixture of selected nonionic and anionic emulsifiers
of those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metallurgy fluids.
Such fluid compositions, when mixed in an amount of about 4 wt% to about 15 wt% in water, and used in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a noticeable decrease in the wear rate of the tool that is produced, as well as a remarkable improvement in the quality of the machined part.
Fluid F was tested in the drilling and reaming of CGI Grade 450 at a concentration of 8%. This fluid composition was tested together with, and compared to, the performance of a conventional machining fluid used for the machining of cast iron (including CGI), Fluid G. Fluid G is similar to Fluid F in composition, but does not contain the sulfur-based additive.
Together with CGI, these two liquids were also tested in the drilling or drilling and reaming of a common Class 40 gray cast iron. This test was carried out not only to demonstrate the usefulness of the fluid compositions described in this invention, but also the inherent difficulty associated with the machining of CGI in relation to gray cast iron.
The torque (tangential forces) measured during drilling provides a useful indication of the
friction in the cutting area and lubrication provided by the metallurgy fluid. The change in torque measured when drilling continues reflects the changes (in wear) that occur at the cutting edge of the tools as drilling continues. By examining the results shown in Figure 5, one can clearly see the lower machinability and greater challenge inherent in the machining of compacted graphite iron in relation to a standard Class 40 gray cast iron.
The results also demonstrate that the use of a fluid according to embodiments of the present invention (Fluid F) provides a significant improvement in the machining process with very low shear forces. This efficiency of the preferred composition is also seen in the tool wear measured after drilling. Figure 6 shows the tool wear obtained in the drills used. As seen, and consistent with the measured cutting forces, although significantly greater wear occurs in the machining of compacted graphite iron in relation to gray cast iron machining, the use of F Fluid allows effective wear reduction on the edge or cutting edge of the tool.
Although a reaming operation, which is performed at lower cutting speeds with less metal removal, is considered to be a less severe operation than that of
the perforation, there can still be significant improvement of the performance obtained through the use of a fluid composition according to embodiments of the present invention. After drilling, the holes were rebored using a solid six carbide carbide reamer. The surface finish measured in the one hundred and thirty counterbored holes is shown in Figure 7. It is seen that with the use of conventional ferrous machining fluid (Fluido G) rougher bore hole surfaces are obtained very quickly, the use of Fluid F produces a significant improvement in the roughness of the surface of the reamed hole obtained.
Example 4
The drilling of motor cylinders is one of the most critical operations in the production of engines, which requires high quality surfaces to be produced at relatively high cutting speeds. It is in this type of high cutting speeds (250-700 m / min), in line with those used in many current high-speed transfer lines, where the machinability differences between compacted graphite iron and conventional gray cast iron can be more pronounced. Previous studies have reported insert wear rates 20-30 times greater in the continuous cutting of compacted graphite iron in relation to those obtained in gray cast iron machining under equivalent conditions.
In this example, a standard conventional ferrous machining fluid (Fluid B) together with a fluid described in accordance with embodiments of the present invention were evaluated in a turning operation used to simulate the continuous cutting conditions that occur during the drilling of engine cylinders. Fluid A, useful for the improvement in machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention containing:
a) about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight of ester lubricant;
b) about 3% by weight to about 7% by weight of a sulfur additive;
c) 8% by weight to about 16% by weight of mineral oil; Y
d) the rest being amines, boric acid, fatty acids, and emulsifiers.
Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 9%.
The machining conditions are as follows:
· Carbide cutting insert Grade KC-9120 with radial angles of 5º and axial of 5º
• Speed = 250 m / min, f = 0.3 mm-rev, Ap = 0.2 mm
Measured parameter-insert wear
In the evaluation of the impact on the wear of the tool that is produced, using the machining fluid
conventional ferrous (Fluid B), the machining continued for 10.75 kilometers of cutting distance before severe wear and failure of the tool was reached. Using the fluid composition described in the present invention (Fluid A), using identical machining conditions, the machining continued for 14 km of cutting distance before the insert failure was reached. Thus, under the conditions of high speed cutting a reduction of 30% in the wear of the insert was obtained using the fluid described in the present invention.
It is noted that, with regard to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the present invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.
Claims (29)
- CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. An iron machining composition, characterized in that it comprises (a) water; (b) a lubricant additive containing sulfur; Y (c) optionally contains a lubricating ester in an amount of about 0% by weight to about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises from about 0.05% by weight to about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises a polyol ester sted from the fatty acid esters of C12 to Ci8 of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1.1. , 1- tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-l, 3-propanediol, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol and 1,2,3-propanetriol. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises an ester based on glycerol. 5. The composition according to claim 4, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises a glycerol ester of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of C12 to Ci8. 6. The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the ester is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. 7. The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the ester is produced synthetically through the reaction of fatty acids with glycerol. 8. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises a polyol ester produced by the initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by subsequent esterification, to produce a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester. 9. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises an oligomeric or polymeric ester produced by the condensation of hydroxyl functionalized fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid. 10. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester comprises fatty acid esters of Cie of 2, 2-dimethyl-l, 3- propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, 1, 2, 3 propanotriol or combinations thereof. en. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lubricating ester is present in an amount of less than about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. 12. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sulfur-containing lubricating additive is sted from the group consisting of sulfurized alpha olefins, branched di-alkyl tri-polysulfides, sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, complex sulfurized esters and / or polysulphides of dialkyl. 13. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sulfur-containing lubricant additive comprises a dialkyl polysulfide sted from those having a formula: CH3-C (R!) (R2) - (CH2) n-) x-Ms where Ri = H or CH3, R2 = H or CH3, n = 8-20, x = 1-2, and m = 2-7. 14. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sulfur-containing lubricating additive is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 7 wt%. 15. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises fatty acids sted from those containing saturated and unsaturated chains of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms, in an amount of from about 0 wt% to about 12 wt%. 16. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises about 3% by weight to about 15% by weight of a mixture of amine compounds having a formula Ri (R2) -NR, wherein Ri = H, CH3 or -CH2CH20H, R2 = H, CH3- (CH2) n, where n = 0-22, -CH2CH2OH or cyclic C6HU, and R3 = - (CH2CH20) mH, whereby m = 1-12, CH3- (CH2 ) xO-, where x = 0-8, or cyclic CeHn. 17. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the amine comprises ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, diglycolamine, or combinations thereof. 18. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises about 0% by weight to about 15% by weight of an amine-boric acid comprising esters of alkanolamine borate, amine polyboute, amine salts of boric acid, and combinations thereof. 19. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises about 0% by weight to about 40% by weight of a mineral oil, the mineral oil comprises a paraffinic oil, naphthenic oil, or mixtures thereof, with a viscosity a ambient pressure of between approximately 15 cSt and approximately 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius. 20. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers. 21. An iron machining method, characterized in that it comprises applying the fluid composition according to claim 1 to the iron during machining. 22. An iron machining method, characterized in that it comprises applying the fluid composition according to claim 1 in the form of a dilution in water, to the iron during machining. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the fluid composition according to claim 1 is diluted in water at a concentration of between 2% by weight to 50% by weight before its use in the machining of iron. 24. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the fluid composition in accordance with claim 1 it is diluted in water at a concentration of between 2% by weight to 15% by weight before its use in the machining of iron. 25. A method for reducing tool wear during machining of iron, characterized in that it comprises applying the fluid composition according to claim 1 to the iron during machining. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that less tool wear is achieved during the machining of iron by using the fluid composition diluted in water to a concentration of between 2% by weight to 50% by weight. 27. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that less tool wear is achieved during the machining of iron by using the fluid composition diluted in water to a concentration of between 2% by weight to 15% by weight. 28. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the tool wear is reduced by about 5% to about 90% compared to conventional lubricating fluids. 29. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the iron comprises compacted graphite iron.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161568979P | 2011-12-09 | 2011-12-09 | |
| PCT/US2012/068708 WO2013086483A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-10 | Metalworking fluid composition and method for its use in the machining of compacted graphite iron |
Publications (1)
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| MX2014006721A true MX2014006721A (en) | 2014-10-13 |
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| MX2014006721A MX2014006721A (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2012-12-10 | Metalworking fluid composition and method for its use in the machining of compacted graphite iron. |
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| US (1) | US20130150271A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2788461A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2015503012A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104185675A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112014013879A8 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1202575A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2014006721A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013086483A1 (en) |
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| JP5882548B2 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2016-03-09 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ | Boroxine-containing lubricant composition for improving fluoropolymer seal compatibility |
| US10041019B2 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2018-08-07 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Drilling fluid system |
| JP6777972B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2020-10-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | Water-soluble metalworking oil composition and its usage |
| CN108138076B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2021-11-09 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Water soluble metalworking oil compositions |
| CN108753417A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-06 | 嘉兴市国龙石油化工有限公司 | A kind of Multi-functional aluminum metal working fluid and preparation method thereof |
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| US2417283A (en) * | 1942-12-23 | 1947-03-11 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
| GB701684A (en) * | 1949-06-08 | 1953-12-30 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant for metal rolling mills |
| NL267951A (en) * | 1960-08-08 | |||
| SE441099B (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1985-09-09 | Berol Kemi Ab | PROCEDURES FOR MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF IRON AND Aqueous CONCENTRATE PROVIDED FOR USING THE PROCEDURE |
| JPH02182788A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-17 | Kyodo Yushi Kk | Complex emulsion lubricant for metal processing |
| JPH06328122A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1994-11-29 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | Water-soluble grinding oil agent for elastic grinding wheel |
| US5391310A (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-02-21 | Cincinnati Milacron Inc. | Sulfurized aqueous machining fluid composition |
| JPH08113790A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-05-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Cold rolling oil composition |
| DE19703085A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-07-30 | Henkel Kgaa | Cooling lubricant emulsion |
| GB2350371B (en) * | 1998-02-28 | 2002-06-12 | Great Lakes Chemical Corp | Metal working lubricant composition |
| JP4531882B2 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2010-08-25 | 協同油脂株式会社 | Water-soluble metalworking fluid |
| EP1063280A1 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-12-27 | Quaker Chemical Corporation | Metal working fluids |
| US6204225B1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-03-20 | Midwest Biologicals, Inc. | Water-dispersible metal working fluid |
| EP1123971A1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-16 | Mobil Oil Francaise | Water-soluble copper, copper alloys and non-ferrous metals intermediate cold and hot rolling composition |
| US6596674B2 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2003-07-22 | Henkel Corporation | Metal working lubricants and their use |
| DE10115696A1 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Lubricant mixture and its use |
| TWI228540B (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2005-03-01 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | Oil composition for very small amount oil supply type cutting and grinding operation |
| US7700526B2 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2010-04-20 | Osamu Yamamoto | Process for machining metal and high performance aqueous lubricant therefor |
| JP5004481B2 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2012-08-22 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Metalworking oil composition |
| EP2423297B1 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2013-06-05 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Hydraulic oil composition |
| SE0602457L (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-21 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Coated inserts for milling in compact graphite iron |
| KR100750394B1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-17 | 주식회사 한국하우톤 | Water-soluble metal covalent composition using distillation residue produced in biodiesel production |
| JP5281007B2 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2013-09-04 | 出光興産株式会社 | Aqueous metalworking fluid |
| US20090149359A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-11 | Hundley Lloyd E | Formulation of a metal working fluid |
| CN101240217A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-08-13 | 益田润石（北京）化工有限公司 | Micro-emulsion type metal cutting liquor composition |
| JP5394691B2 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2014-01-22 | 出光興産株式会社 | Water-soluble metalworking fluid and metalworking coolant |
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- 2012-12-10 BR BR112014013879A patent/BR112014013879A8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-12-10 US US13/709,521 patent/US20130150271A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-10 JP JP2014546168A patent/JP2015503012A/en active Pending
- 2012-12-10 MX MX2014006721A patent/MX2014006721A/en unknown
- 2012-12-10 WO PCT/US2012/068708 patent/WO2013086483A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-12-10 CN CN201280069244.4A patent/CN104185675A/en active Pending
- 2012-12-10 EP EP12856027.3A patent/EP2788461A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-10 HK HK15102953.4A patent/HK1202575A1/en unknown
Also Published As
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| JP2015503012A (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| HK1202575A1 (en) | 2015-10-02 |
| EP2788461A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| BR112014013879A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| CN104185675A (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| BR112014013879A8 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| WO2013086483A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
| EP2788461A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| US20130150271A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
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