MX2008004819A - Natural pesticide. - Google Patents

Abstract

A natural pesticide includes a combination of garlic oil and mustard oil impregnated in a carrier. The carrier may be an absorbent composition formed from corncob particles, and in particular the woody ring and chaff of the corncob. The combination of garlic and another essential oil, such as mustard oil, has a synergistic effect for inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and eradicating insect pests.

Description

NATURAL PESTICIDE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composition of absorbent material, such as particles of ears, which are used to gradually release an active ingredient, such as a natural pesticide, made from garlic and one or more essential oils, which has a synergistic effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and eradicate insect pests.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART Commercially available insecticides, including those available for home use, commonly comprise active ingredients or "poisons", which are not only toxic to target insect pests, but, which are used in relatively confined environments and are supplied with aerosol sprays, they may be present in a sufficient concentration to also be toxic to humans and domestic pets. Several undesirable side effects may include immediate or delayed neurotoxic reactions, and / or suffocation. Even the noxious odor of such materials can cause headaches or stomachs altered in some individuals. These adverse side effects are exacerbated when such compositions come into contact with persons of increased sensitivity, or persons of small body mass, such as children or infants. For some time, efforts have been made to develop insecticidal compositions, particularly those intended for residential use in aerosol form, which are effective in destroying target insect pests completely and rapidly, but which are not toxic to humans and animals. pets. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States of America regulates the use of potentially toxic ingredients in pesticide compositions under the Federal Act of Insecticides, Fungicides and Rodenticides. Certain materials considered by the EPA to be active or inert materials have been deregulated or otherwise identified as acceptable "safe" substances, which offer minimal risk in normal use. Other materials are currently under investigation and can be deregulated in due course. The deregulated substances are generally considered non-poisonous by the consumer. Thus, the term "non-poisonous", as used herein, is intended to express a composition that, although highly effective in destroying target insect pests, is safe to be used around humans, particularly small children and pets. Unfortunately, the non-poisonous insecticidal compositions available hitherto incorporating deregulated materials as the active ingredient have had limited efficacy. It has been found that attempts to use deregulated essential oils as the active ingredient in such insecticides, although they have limited success, are prohibitively expensive, inappropriately lethal to control a range of target insect pest species, or act too slowly. to allow the user to confirm that the insect has been killed and to discard the dead insect to avoid contamination of the environment. It has been reported that garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) And / or its extract, has antibacterial and / or antifungal properties. It is known that allicin isolated from garlic cloves had antibacterial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In addition, it has been reported that aqueous extracts of garlic inhibit the growth of a variety of fungi similar to yeast in the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhudotoruto, Torulopsis and Trichosporon. It has also been previously reported that the extract and pieces of garlic inhibit the growth of fungi such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Because Its antifungal and antibacterial properties, garlic or its extract has been used as the pesticide to control plant diseases such as mildew. It has also been used as an insecticide to control plant insects, such as gardamas, aphids and Colorado beetles. More recently, garlic extract with water has been used to repel mosquitoes. Therefore, there is a need in the art for an absorbent, safe, cost-effective and highly efficient composition that provides a controlled release over time of an aromatic substance, such as one or more essential oils with garlic, having a synergistic effect, to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and insect pests.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The concept of the new product derived from the present invention, extends in its range of applications. For example, uses in agriculture, home and industry are possible by combining their qualities to gradually release an aromatic substance to repel insect pests such as cockroaches in kitchens or mosquitoes, as well as other insects that damage agricultural crops. Good results are obtained by combining garlic or garlic extract, known for its repellent qualities for harmful insects for the garden or agriculture, and essential oils, such as mustard oil (or AITC), with this absorbent carrier, to create a synergistic effect to provide improved extermination of bacteria, fungi and insect pests. In addition, the absorbent carrier has the ability to gradually release these forms of repellent flavors, providing a long-lasting product; the bad smell, if present, is also absorbed. Conversely, attractant substances may be used, for example, the use of an attractant aroma or fragrance in the production of cat litter is of particularly useful application for domestic pets. In addition, the composition of matter of the present invention provides a controlled release over time of different active ingredients, such as a natural pesticide, applied to the preferred embodiment (e.g., cob particles). Essential oil is defined as a subtle, volatile liquid, obtained from artificially obtained plants and seeds or substituents, for example, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as a substitute for mustard seed oil. Garlic or garlic extract is defined as any liquid removed from the cloves of garlic and, therefore, may include garlic oil and water. Garlic extract has the same meaning as garlic juice.

In one aspect of the invention, a natural pesticide comprises a combination of garlic and mustard oil (or AITC) impregnated in a carrier, wherein the combination of garlic and mustard oil (or AITC) has a synergistic effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and eradicate insect pests.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITY The preferred embodiment of the product object of the present invention consists of two basic elements: a carrier characterized by its great capacity for the absorption of odors and odors and a gradual release of other active substances into the surrounding air or atmosphere , and second, a combination of garlic with one or more essential oils that has a synergistic effect, to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and insect pests. In one embodiment, the carrier is a material obtained from the truncated maize (Zea Maiz) spike, whose special physical and chemical qualities allow the functions previously described, of absorption and gradual release. In order to obtain the different components that comprise the thorn of corn, an industrial process is required, well known in the state of the art, consisting of the separation, classification and selection by size of each of the components that make up the ears. The spike of corn trillada, also known as "olote" in Mexico, "corn spike" in Spanish, corn in English, "sabugo" in Portuguese and "corn husk" in French, if cut crosswise, is constituted by three concentric rings. Starting with the innermost ring as a reference, they are known in English as marrow, woody ring and barcia. The material of the present invention utilizes the portions of the woody ring and the shell. The woody ring, as well as the portion of the barcia, have similar characteristics; both can be used as carriers for the active ingredients as described in the body of the present invention. The main differences lie in the difference in the absorption capacity and in the hardness of the particle. There are other differences and are described below. In order that the woody ring meets the requirements of the present invention, must have the following characteristics: the woody ring must be 99% free of other particles of the ear, it must not have more than 1% of dust or fine particles (the product must be washed with air). By definition, fine products are particles that can pass through a standard United States sieve size 400 (37 microns). The woody ring must undergo heat treatment that guarantees a microbiology content and humidity levels below 10%. For correct functionality, the particle size should be uniform in size and the intervals should not exceed a maximum of 3987 microns and a minimum of 42 microns. The woody ring of the ears is characterized by the following: a hardness of 4.5 on the Mohs scale, a fast absorbency of oil (eg, soybean oil) of 1 to 1 on a weight basis and the typical molecular structure of a natural fiber Ideally, the sizing of the particle for the present invention should be between the following ranges: 1) retained or greater than a mesh of 3987 microns, 2) particles between 3987 and 1191 microns, 3) particles between 1191 and 841 microns, and 4 ) particles between 841 and 42 microns. The main characteristic of particle size is the surface area that each one represents; for example, particles between 1410 and 841 microns have an average surface area of 5.88 square meters per gram. The particles between 841 and 420 microns have an average surface area of 7.20 square meters per gram. This characteristic is decisive in the absorption qualities of different substances in the part of the carrier that incorporates the product object of the present invention.

It is necessary to emphasize that the particles of the woody ring are characterized by having a structure that observed in an electronic microscope resembles that of a marine sponge. One can infer that this type of structure has the capacity to admit and retain substances of a small and large molecular size. This allows superior absorption qualities in comparison with other products such as Cyclodextrin which, as is known in the state of the art, only admits small malodor molecules. The separated and classified sizes of the woody ring have unique qualities for the absorption of air aromas in contact with them. To illustrate this, several laboratory tests were done with surprising results, as follows: Example 1 A 100 gram portion of mature Camembert cheese, a 20 gram portion of bacon and a 10 cm dish containing 25 grams of woody ring particles sized between 1410 and 841 microns were all placed in a sealed glass container . Another glass container with the same components, except for the woody ring particles, was also prepared as a control sample. Both glass containers were inspected at 24 hour, 3 day, 5 day and 8 day intervals; he The container with the absorbent material practically did not show the characteristic aroma of the decomposition of the contained products, while the control glass container has potent and unpleasant aromas.

Example 2 10 grams of tobacco were incinerated in two sealed glass containers. One of the containers had a plate 10 cm in diameter containing 10 grams of the woody ring, sized between 1410 and 841 microns. The other container remained as a control sample. After 24 hours, both containers opened. The container with the particles of the woody absorbent ring did not present the characteristic aroma of the tobacco, while the control sample presented powerful aromas characteristic of tobacco smoke. In both tests, the evaluation of the odors or aromas was carried out by the authors of the present invention, as well as by a professional perfumer whose educated sense of smell provided an objective opinion of these tests. The characteristics of the pod portion of the ears are similar to the portion of the woody ring in its ability to function as a carrier for fragrances and other active ingredients. The differences More distinctive are: 1) greater absorption; between 1.5 and 3 times its weight in oil, 2) particle size between 841 and 73 microns and 3) less flow capacity of the particles. The particles of the woody ring are more round in shape than the barcia, and therefore flow better. This physical difference between woody ring particles and shell particles results in functional differences in the ability to absorb undesirable air aromas. In addition, the granular shape of the woody ring allows more interparticle space for air to flow, while the smaller, closer shell particles allow less airflow. Both the woody ring and the barcia are characterized by having an almost neutral pH, in the order of 6. This quality makes them an ideal inert carrier with all kinds of substances, since they do not react with the active ingredients. Some other types of carriers have to be deactivated first to neutralize their pH content. The physical and chemical characteristics of the ears of corn are not favorable for the development of microorganisms, therefore, they do not provide a fertile base for bacteria or fungi that in turn, cause bad odor or unpleasant aromas. It is known in the state of the art that the whole ear of corn can be stored without Cover for periods of one year. The functional differences of the portion of the woody ring (ie, flow capacity and greater interparticle space) and those of the shell (ie, more absorption), allow a greater diversity of applications and uses. These fractions of the cob that can be used combined or separately, for different applications, are described for the absorbent carrier that integrates the product object of the present invention. For example, if the functional objective is the absorption of an active substance so that it is released slowly in the air and at the same time allows the flow of air with bad odor to be absorbed, the suitable product is obtained from the woody ring. If, on the contrary, the functional objective is to achieve an absorption of an active substance so that it is released slowly in the air and the absorption of bad odors or aromas is not important, the product chosen would be the portion of the cake. Other approaches to select the ear fraction may include the convenience of not having powders or fine particles. An example of such an application is the integration of the absorbent agent into the active filtration systems, where the use of the woody ring product is more suitable. If the required active ingredient is coarse in nature, or if the product is required molding into a three-dimensional object (for example, including the formation of pellets), one would be inclined to select the portion of the space. Another object of the present invention includes flavors, perfumes, flavors or other natural or chemical agents that are integrated into the product derived from the material composition of the carrier. In general, these substances are available in a liquid, powder or granular state and depending on the chemical constitution of the active agents, soluble in oil or water. Under these conditions, the absorbent carrier, depending on the type of active ingredients used, can absorb a larger or smaller amount of the agent. This depends mainly on the size of the molecule of the active ingredient, the gradual release of the absorbent carriers will also depend on its molecular size. The absorption of bad odor or aromas is achieved simultaneously. The intensity, duration and liveliness of the aroma with the fragrances will depend on the factors of the active ingredient or the composition of the agent. For example, a larger molecular size is equal to a longer duration, while the presence of smaller molecular sizes, such as those in an ester, evaporates rapidly. Some examples for the formulation of the absorbent carrier with the active substances in a liquid state They are : Example 3 For fragrances, perfumes and therapeutic flavors, a base of polyvinyl glycol, light mineral oil or a microencapsulated granular or powder base is generally used, the concentration on a weight basis of the woody ring to active ingredient is 0.01% to 18%. A larger amount saturates the absorbent carrier and the flow capacity of the product is greatly reduced. The concentration in a weight basis of the portion of the cake to the active ingredient is from 0.01% to 36%.

Example 4 For repellents and attractants, generally in powder or granular oleaginous or microencapsulated bases, such as the Givaudans Flavor Burst ™ products, the recommended concentration ranges for the woody ring, as well as for the portion of the shell, are similar to previous example. The concentrations depend on the active ingredient or agent used and the desired functionality in the final product.

Example 5 For oxidants and chemical reducers or neutralizing agents, generally in a granular base or liquid powder or microencapsulated solid, the intervals of the concentration in a base in weight, for the woody ring and the shell are from 0.05% to 5% of an active ingredient or substance. Being that the determining factor is not the capacity of absorption of the carrier, but rather the ability to remain stable and not be affected by the active substance.

Example 6 For antibacterial and fungicidal use, when in a granular or microencapsulated or oleaginous powder base. of water, the ratio of active ingredient or agent on a weight basis to the absorbent carrier is the same as that of Example 3. When the active ingredient uses a water base, the concentrations in a base by weight may vary from 0.01% to 25% with the woody ring fraction from 0.01% to 50% with the barcia. The concentration to be chosen will be determined by the experience of the one who prepares the formulations according to the known state of the art. In addition, as mentioned in the previous examples, the formulation of the composition of matter or the product object of the invention, can be carried out using active ingredients based on a liquid that are added to the absorbent carrier. There is also the possibility of using solid materials as active ingredients, usually in the form of pure or microencapsulated products. This variation allows more flexibility in the applications of the absorbent carrier. You can also take advantage of factors such as stronger concentrations, of the active ingredients. Many pure substances come in solid form; the use of a liquid as diluent or dispersant of the pure substance implies a reduction in its concentration or strength. For example, NaCl table salt is more intense on the palate than its diluted version in water, commonly called brine. On the other hand, the use of active ingredients in the solid state may adhere and / or adsorb to the surface of the cob absorbent carrier, allowing a greater proportion of their internal absorbent capacity to be used for malodor or other applications. The opposite occurs when active ingredients are used in a liquid state, since they occupy more than the absorbent capacity of the odor of the ear carriers, thus partially reducing their ability to absorb the undesirable bad odor. The option of using active ingredients in solid state instead of liquid, is possible with the concurrence of four basic elements: 1) a carrier absorbent, constituted by a fraction derived from ears, 2) an active ingredient or agent that is in a liquid or solid state; 3) a combination that results from the mixing of a mineral or organic carrier with an active ingredient of liquid base and finally, 4) a substance that ensures that the active ingredients are absorbed or absorbed in the ear carrier (avoiding the separation between the carriers or agents, and ensuring the correct homogeneity, functionality and dispersion). To exemplify the above, two practical examples are described below. The results obtained, using two types of active ingredients, one in liquid form and the other solid, were dispersed both in the ear carrier; a woody ring sized between 1410 and 841 microns was used. The liquid active ingredient is a concentrated floral fragrance perfume using polyvinyl glycol as a carrier.

Example 7 An ear carrier was mixed with an active ingredient in a liquid base. The density of the active ingredient determined a saturation point of 18% on a weight basis to the ear granules. 180 grams of the active ingredient were mixed with one kilogram of the cob carrier. This proportion maintains the flow capacity of the carrier, the absorption of odors and the slow release of the active ingredient (fragrance). Results: the perfuming active ingredient was gradually released and the perceived smell lasted 30 days. The cob carrier continued to absorb the aromas in the air after 30 days.

Example 8 Two active ingredients, one using a commercially available encapsulated active ingredient, such as a Givaudan fragrance or flavor, in powder form and the other, using a laboratory sample, made by mixing silicon dioxide (SiO2), in a proportion of 1 to 4 on the basis of the weight of the liquid active ingredient to silicon dioxide. The absorbent ear carrier was impregnated with an adherent coating, in this case consisting of 0.5% on a weight basis, of a foamed solution of an anionic surfactant with water. Once the cob carrier was mixed with the foam, an adherent foam coating formed on the cob granules.

Immediately after, the active ingredients were added in solid form. The particles of the active ingredient adhered to the coating and were allowed to form a homogeneous mixture without separation. Results: in both cases, the adhesion of the solid particles to the ear granules allowed a more intense and prolonged duration of the perfuming aroma, which was released slowly over a period of 60 days, compared to the 30 days obtained in Example 7 with a perfume of the liquid active ingredient mixed directly with the granules of the cob. In both cases, the cob absorbed odors in the air even after 60 days. Both examples, one with a liquid active ingredient and the other with a solid one, were performed at the same time. The new product was exposed to the air by placing it in a 40 cm by 5 cm dish. The product was placed in two separate rooms measuring 3 by 4 by 2.4 meters. The adherents used to form a coating on the cob particles are within the following ranges: Example 9 Surfactants, such as, for example, anionic, cationic and amphoteric, were used as the adherent coating. The formulation is a foam obtained by adding water at 0.02% to 5% surfactant by weight. The amount of foam in a base in weight to the fraction of the woody ring of the ear (carrier), is between 0.5% and 3.5%. The higher proportions do not allow an appropriate mixture when the active ingredients are added in solid form.

EXAMPLE 10 Mineral oils are used as an adherent coating, which must be highly refined and preferably odorless and colorless. The viscosity on the Saybolt scale (SUS / 210 F), should be between 40 and 300. The concentration of the mineral oil in weight to the woody ring is between 0.5% and 18%.

Example 11 For natural pesticides, an essential oil base or a microencapsulated granular powder base is generally used. The concentration in a weight basis of the woody ring to the active ingredient is from 0.01% to 18%. A larger amount saturates the absorbent carrier and the flow capacity of the product is greatly reduced. The concentration in a weight basis of the portion of the cake to the active ingredient is from 0.01% to 36%. Tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the absorbent composition used as a carrier for the active ingredient comprising an essential oil of the extract of garlic and / or allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) for the controlled release of the active ingredient against the gold nematode in the alpha potato.

Test # 1 The treatment consisted of the application of 7 kg / hectare, 10 kg / hectare and 15 kg / hectare of the carrier and the essential oil. The results indicate that golden nematodes were greatly reduced compared to control, while productivity was greatly increased.

Test # 2 The effectiveness of the absorbent composition used as a carrier for the active ingredient of the garlic essential oil and / or AITC for the controlled release of the active ingredient against the Meloidogyne Incognita nematode. The land with Meloidogyne Incongmite was obtained from a farm in Mexico. The farmer had previously reported an infestation by nematodes. The farmer exports mainly tomato and other agricultural products to other countries. The carrier and garlic in the form of garlic powder were suspended in water at a concentration of 10.0 ml / 1. The results indicated that the amount of Meloidogyne Incongmite larvae in 200 cc of soil was virtually eliminated, as shown in Table 1 below. Additional tests conducted in laboratories and greenhouses indicated similar results.

Table 1 Note: The previous date in each repetition refers to the number of larvae (j2) present in each 200 ce of soil. In conclusion, the effects of garlic against the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne Incongmite) are consistently equal or better when compared against the leading brand of nematicides at an application rate of 10.0 ml / 1 of potion. These tests confirm the laboratory's previous findings.

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF GARLIC AND ONE OR MORE ESSENTIAL OILS A combination of garlic extract and one or more essential oils have a synergistic effect that significantly increases the effectiveness of garlic and / or the garlic extract alone. The ratio of garlic extracted to mustard oil (or AITC) may be in the range of 95: 5 to 60:40. However, the ratio of garlic to essential oil is 85% garlic to 15% essential oil, such as mustard oil, AITC, or the like. The active ingredients can be polymers, perfumes, oxidants, attractants, repellents, reducers, antibacterials, etc., in solid form. These ingredients are mixed and dispersed with the granular ear carrier sized between 42 and 3987 microns. The amount of the dispersed solid active ingredient should be between 1% and 40% on a weight basis. It will be appreciated that the combination of garlic oil and mustard seed oil (or AITC) can be used for the treatment of the seeds. There are at least two options for the treatment of seeds. One option is to mix a coloring liquid from the seeds with microcapsules and coat the seed. It is noted that all industrially produced seeds are color-coded to avoid direct human consumption, since they have applied insecticides and fungicides, so this option does not cause an additional step in the process of seed treatment. Another option in the treatment of seeds is to place microcapsules with or without a carrier (cob or similar) to an adhesive strip with a pocket or device similar, which can cling aggressively to the inside of the bag or be thrown into the bag along with the seeds. The adhesive strip with a pocket or similar device and its contents must preferably be a biodegradable material to finish the green / natural concept and must also be non-polluting if the pocket for some reason falls together with the seeds in the farm equipment to plant seeds. In conclusion, the incorporation of the mentioned ear fractions with active ingredients either chemically synthesized or natural, such as garlic and mustard oil, AITC, or the like, improves the qualities and functionality that both elements have separately. However, the use of corn fractions as an absorbent of environmental odoriferous substances is also a novel concept. The ways to carry out the mixing or integration of these elements may vary according to the circumstance. The types of active ingredients that will be used depend on the functional objective pursued, the available equipment and the experience of those skilled in the art. Although the invention has been described specifically with connection to certain specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that this is by way of illustration and not limitation, and the scope of the claims annexes should be considered as widely as the state of the art permits.

Claims (7)

1. CLAIMS; 1. A natural pesticide, comprising: an active ingredient comprising a combination of garlic and mustard oil impregnated in a carrier, wherein the combination of garlic and mustard oil has a synergistic effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and eradicate insect pests.
2. 2. The natural pesticide according to the claim 1, wherein the carrier includes at least a portion of barcia and a woody ring of an ear.
3. 3. The natural pesticide according to the claim 2, wherein a concentration in a weight basis of the woody ring to the active ingredient is from 0.01% to 18%.
4. 4. The natural pesticide according to claim 2, wherein a concentration in a base by weight of the portion of barcia to the active ingredient is from 0.01% to 36%.
5. 5. The natural pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the combination of garlic oil and mustard oil is in a ratio of 85:15, respectively.
6. 6. The natural pesticide according to the claim 1, wherein the carrier has a particle size between 42 and 3987 microns.
7. 7. The natural pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the garlic is in the form of garlic powder.